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Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del aceite crudo de palma (ACP) sobre la calidad del huevo almacenado por varios días a diferentes temperaturas. Materiales y métodos. Un total de 240 gallinas de 28 semanas se alimentaron con dietas con 30g/kg de aceite de soya (AS) o ACP. Después de 12 semanas, muestras de huevos se almacenaron durante 0, 4, 8 y 12 días a 4, 12 y 24°C. Las características de calidad del huevo fueron evaluadas. Resultados. El huevo y la albúmina de gallinas en la dieta con ACP fueron más pesados que aquellos en la dieta con AS (p

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del aceite crudo de palma (ACP) sobre la calidad del huevo almacenado por varios días a diferentes temperaturas. Materiales y métodos. Un total de 240 gallinas de 28 semanas se alimentaron con dietas con 30g/kg de aceite de soya (AS) o ACP. Después de 12 semanas, muestras de huevos se almacenaron durante 0, 4, 8 y 12 días a 4, 12 y 24°C. Las características de calidad del huevo fueron evaluadas. Resultados. El huevo y la albúmina de gallinas en la dieta con ACP fueron más pesados que aquellos en la dieta con AS (p

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del aceite crudo de palma (ACP) sobre la calidad del huevo almacenado por varios días a diferentes temperaturas. Materiales y métodos. Un total de 240 gallinas de 28 semanas se alimentaron con dietas con 30g/kg de aceite de soya (AS) o ACP. Después de 12 semanas, muestras de huevos se almacenaron durante 0, 4, 8 y 12 días a 4, 12 y 24°C. Las características de calidad del huevo fueron evaluadas. Resultados. El huevo y la albúmina de gallinas en la dieta con ACP fueron más pesados que aquellos en la dieta con AS (p

Background. Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) is used as an alternative for the production of meat with high nutritional value; however, there are several factors that affect their productive performance. Objective. Review the main factors that affect the productive performance of the guinea fowl described in the worldwide literature. Methodology. A bibliographic review in the databases of Scopus, NCBI, Springer, Science direct, Google Scholar, Redalyc, and other repositories was carried out. The keywords for the search were: Guinea fowl, Numida meleagris, productive performance and body weight gain. Results. The production system is one of the main factors that affect the productive performance of the Guinea fowl. Birds raised in semi-intensive conditions have better weight gains compared to those that are kept under an extensive system. Mortality in the extensive system increases due to poor or no disease prevention practices and natural predators. The increase in population density under intensive management conditions negatively affects the performance and welfare of Guinea fowl. Ignorance of the energy and protein requirements causes a deficient productive performance in weight gains. Genetic factors also play a role; in Africa local varieties that have not been genetically improved are bred in extensive systems obtaining low yields, compared to developing countries. Birds hatch from large eggs with shorter storage periods had better growth performance. Implications. There is limited information on the main aspects related to the raising of the Guinea fowl, including the factors that affect its productive performance. Ignorance of the productive parameters favors the displacement of Guinea fowl production by other poultry species, such as chicken. Conclusions. Breeding the Guinea fowl as an alternative for meat and egg production must be accompanied by the disclosure of productive parameters to improve their production performance.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) at lambing over the resumption of ovarian and estrous postpartum activity in lactating Pelibuey ewes. Twenty ewes were assigned to two groups, according to the BCS at lambing: Low BCS (LBC, n = 10) and High BCS (HBC, n = 10). Ovarian and estrous activities were daily monitored from day 3 postpartum until the first estrous or 90 days postpartum. Continuous variables were analyzed using Student´s t test and binary responses with the exact Fisher test. No significant effect of BCS at lambing on ewes in estrous, lambing to first estrous interval, estrous length, and estrous cycle length, preovulatory follicles at estrous, the maximum follicular diameter at estrous day or ovulation rate was observed. However, the lambing to first preovulatory follicle interval was shorter in the HBC group (HBC = 6.2 ± 2.6 vs LBC = 10.8 ± 4.5 d; P < 0.05). The lambing to first corpus luteum intervals were similar between groups, but without estrous expression. The function of the first corpus luteum postpartum was similar in both groups. BCS at lambing did not affect the resumption of ovarian and estrous activity postpartum in lactating Pelibuey ewes.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary amounts of Moringa oleifera meal (MOM), consisting of leaves and small edible green stems, on growth performance, carcass traits, and blood parameters of finisher male layer-type slow-growing chickens raised with outdoor access. A total of 198 Dominant Blue D 107, 72-day-old male chickens were randomly assigned to tree dietary treatments containing 0, 30, and 60 g/kg MOM that corresponded to T1 or control, T2, and T3, separately. Each treatment was divided into 6 replicates of 11 birds apiece, and all birds had access to the outdoors. After 7 weeks of experimental rearing, live weight was 2218.1, 2164.4, and 2176.6 g for birds raised in T1, T2 and T3, respectively, without statistical differences (p ≥ 0.05). Live weight gain and daily live weight gain increased (p ≤ 0.05) in favor of the control group during the first 4 weeks but decreased (p ≤ 0.05) in the last 3 weeks of the trial. Overall feed intake was not influenced by the treatments (p ≥ 0.05). Birds raised with MOM in their diets had higher feed conversion (p ≤ 0.05). T2 diet considerably increased (p ≤ 0.05) birds’ breast and gizzard weight and yield while decreasing feet weight and yield, in comparison to T1. Dietary MOM inclusion did not impair or improve (p ≥ 0.05) blood parameters. The results of this study suggest that up to 60 g/kg MOM could be included in the diets of slow-growing Dominant Blue D 107 male chickens grown with access to outdoors without compromising their productive performance (except for feed conversion), slaughter characteristics, and health status.

Objective. To determine the effect of environmental factors on litter traits at birth and weaning, and their repeatabilities in four farms in the sub-humid tropics of Mexico. Materials and methods. Data from 46.249 to 50.316 litters for litter size at birth (LSB), number of piglets born alive (NBA), litter weight at birth (LWB), number of piglets weaned (NPW) and litter weight at weaning (LWW) were used. The statistical model for LSB, NBA and LWB included the effects of farm, farrowing year, farrowing season, parity number, simple interactions, random effects of sow and the error term. NPW and LWW were analyzed using the previous model plus the linear and quadratic effects of lactation length (LL). Results. The means for LSB, NBA, LWB, NPW and LWW were 11.7 piglets, 11.0 piglets, 16.1 kg, 10.3 piglets and 61.3 kg, respectively. All effects in the model affected the litter traits. Farrowing year x season interaction was significant for NPW, LWB and LWW. The dry season had the highest LSB, NBA y NPW. First parity sows had higher LSB and NBA means than for second parity sows. Parity increase until parity 4 to decrease thereafter. LL had a quadratic effect on NPW and LWW. Repeatability estimates for LSB, NBA, and LWB were 0.12, 0.12 and 0.14, respectively. Conclusions. All traits studied were influenced by the environmental factors studied. Repeatabilities for LSB, NBA and LWB were low.

Introduction: Many factors affect live weight gain and carcass yield in poultry. Among those, feeding program, sex and diseases are the most relevant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a high protein (HP) and a low protein (LP) feeding programs in male and female turkeys on liveweight, carcass yield and foot injuries. Method: The high protein (HP) program consisted in diets with a higher content of crude protein than those of the low protein (LP) program, although the metabolizable energy was similar in both programs. Liveweight gain, carcass yield and foot injuries were evaluated. A complete randomized design with factorial arrangement and 128 replicates per treatment were used. The statistical analysis included the effects of the feeding program, sex and the interaction. Results: The turkeys from the HP program were heavier (P1.5 cm of diameter) were more frequent (P

Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and design effects (D) estimates adjusted or unadjusted for sensibility (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the diagnostic tests using a Bayesian procedure. Materials and methods. Sera from 232 animals from 44 randomly selected herds, to detect antibodies against parainfluenza-3 virus (PIV3) from non-vaccinated dual-purpose cattle from Colima Mexico, were used. Only 176 animals from 33 herds were used to evaluate the presence of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Results. The ICC and D values adjusted and unadjusted for PIV3 were 0.33, 2.73, 0.32, and 2.71, respectively. For BRSV the values were 0.31, 2.64, 0.28 and 2.49. Conclusions. The adjusted or unadjusted ICC and D estimates were similar because of the high Se and Sp of the diagnostic tests and the relatively high prevalence of the diseases here studied.

Objetivo. Evaluar el desempeño productivo y el rendimiento de la canal en pavos en crecimiento alimentados con dietas elaboradas con harina de plumas (HP). Materiales y métodos. Los tratamientos fueron una dieta control y dos dietas experimentales con harina de plumas tratada con 50 ó 100 g de NaOH/kg. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar. El consumo de alimento y el peso de los animales se registró cada dos semanas. Los datos del desempeño productivo se analizaron con el procedimiento MIXED del programa estadístico SAS. El rendimiento de la canal se analizó con el procedimiento GLM del programa estadístico SAS. Resultados. Los pavos que consumieron la dieta testigo tuvieron mejores ganancias de peso (GP), consumo de alimento (CA), peso de la canal y de sus partes (p

The egg quality from Creole backyard hens was determined by collecting samples from 11 municipalities from the central area of Michoacan State, Mexico. It was measured: egg weight (EW), longitude diameter (LD) of the egg, transversal diameter (TD) of the egg, shell weight (SW), shell thickness (ST), shell index (SI), white diameter (WD), yolk diameter (YD), white high (WH), yolk high (YH), air chamber high (ACH) and Haugh units (HU). The averages obtained were: EW 50.7 g; LD 5.6 cm; TD 4.2 cm; SW 4.5 g.; ST 0.28 mm; SI 8.9 %; WD 10.0 cm; YD 4.5 cm; WH 6.3 mm; YH 1.6 cm; ACH 5.4 mm; HU 73.4, YP 12.1. In conclusion, the eggs of backyard hens were smaller than commercial eggs. However, the internal quality indicators suggested that backyard hen eggs have similar quality to that of commercial hens.

ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the effect of environmental factors on litter traits at birth and weaning, and their repeatabilities in four farms in the sub-humid tropics of Mexico. Materials and methods. Data from 46.249 to 50.316 litters for litter size at birth (LSB), number of piglets born alive (NBA), litter weight at birth (LWB), number of piglets weaned (NPW) and litter weight at weaning (LWW) were used. The statistical model for LSB, NBA and LWB included the effects of farm, farrowing year, farrowing season, parity number, simple interactions, random effects of sow and the error term. NPW and LWW were analyzed using the previous model plus the linear and quadratic effects of lactation length (LL). Results. The means for LSB, NBA, LWB, NPW and LWW were 11.7 piglets, 11.0 piglets, 16.1 kg, 10.3 piglets and 61.3 kg, respectively. All effects in the model affected the litter traits. Farrowing year x season interaction was significant for NPW, LWB and LWW. The dry season had the highest LSB, NBA y NPW. First parity sows had higher LSB and NBA means than for second parity sows. Parity increase until parity 4 to decrease thereafter. LL had a quadratic effect on NPW and LWW. Repeatability estimates for LSB, NBA, and LWB were 0.12, 0.12 and 0.14, respectively. Conclusions. All traits studied were influenced by the environmental factors studied. Repeatabilities for LSB, NBA and LWB were low. RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de factores ambientales sobre características de la camada al nacer y al destete, y sus repetibilidades en cuatro granjas en el trópico sub-húmedo de México. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron los datos de 50.316 a 46.249 camadas para el total de lechones nacidos (LSB), lechones nacidos vivos (NBA) y peso de la camada al nacimiento (LWB), lechones destetados (NPW) y peso de la camada al destete (LWW). El modelo estadístico para LSB, NBA y LWB incluyen los efectos de granja, año, época, número de parto, interacciones simples, efecto aleatorio de cerda y error. El modelo para NPW y LWW incluyó los factores anteriores y además, los efectos lineal y cuadrático de largo de lactación (LL). Resultados. Las medias para LSB, NBA, LWB, NPW y LWW fueron 11.7 lechones, 11.0 lechones, 16.1 kg, 10.3 lechones y 61.3 kg, respectivamente. Todos los factores estudiados afectaron las características de la camada. La interacción de año x época fue significativa para NPW, LWB y LWW. La época seca presentó las mayores medias de LSB, NBA y NPW. Las cerdas primer parto obtuvieron medias de LSB y NBA superiores que las cerdas del segundo parto. Las medias por número de parto incrementaron hasta el cuarto, para después disminuir. La LL obtuvo un efecto cuadrático sobre NPW y LWW. Las repetibilidades estimadas para LSB, NBA, y LWW fueron 0.12, 0.12 y 0.14, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Todos los factores ambientales estudiados afectaron las características de la camada al nacer y al destete. Las repetibilidades estimadas fueron bajas.

The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and to describe the lesions and signs found in an outbreak of Hexamita meleagridis in three turkey farms in Yucatan, Mexico. Three hundred randomly selected, turkeys were sacrificed and their intestines explored for lesions associated with H. Meleagridis infection. Also, gut content, feces samples and fresh intestine smears were taken to determine the presence of H. Meleagridis parasites. Macroscopic lesions such as the presence of congested areas, and watery and foamy content in duodenum, presence of gases, fetid odor and the presence of watery and yellowish feces in the caeca were identified. The overall prevalence of H. Meleagridis was 25.3% and there was not association of the parasite with sex, age or farm. However, the thickening of some sections of the duodenum (52.3%), the presence of congested areas (23%), the watery and yellowish content of the duodenum (24.3%), the presence of gas (21.0%), fetid odor of the content (22.3%), and the watery and yellowish feces of the caeca (20.0%) were associated with H. meleagridis Presence of H. meleagridis in those farms was confirmed. Diarrhea signs and intestine lesions observed in the sacrificed turkeys were associated to hexamitiasis infection. Sex, age and farm were not associated with the presence of H. meleagridis.

ABSTRACT Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and design effects (D) estimates adjusted or unadjusted for sensibility (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the diagnostic tests using a Bayesian procedure. Materials and methods. Sera from 232 animals from 44 randomly selected herds, to detect antibodies against parainfluenza-3 virus (PIV3) from non-vaccinated dual-purpose cattle from Colima Mexico, were used. Only 176 animals from 33 herds were used to evaluate the presence of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Results. The ICC and D values adjusted and unadjusted for PIV3 were 0.33, 2.73, 0.32, and 2.71, respectively. For BRSV the values were 0.31, 2.64, 0.28 and 2.49. Conclusions. The adjusted or unadjusted ICC and D estimates were similar because of the high Se and Sp of the diagnostic tests and the relatively high prevalence of the diseases here studied.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar el desempeño productivo y el rendimiento de la canal en pavos en crecimiento alimentados con dietas elaboradas con harina de plumas (HP). Materiales y métodos. Los tratamientos fueron una dieta control y dos dietas experimentales con harina de plumas tratada con 50 ó 100 g de NaOH/kg. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar. El consumo de alimento y el peso de los animales se registró cada dos semanas. Los datos del desempeño productivo se analizaron con el procedimiento MIXED del programa estadístico SAS. El rendimiento de la canal se analizó con el procedimiento GLM del programa estadístico SAS. Resultados. Los pavos que consumieron la dieta testigo tuvieron mejores ganancias de peso (GP), consumo de alimento (CA), peso de la canal y de sus partes (p

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar el efecto de algunos factores ambientales en el peso al nacimiento (PN, n = 3169) y el peso ajustado a 205 días (P205, n = 1885), así como estimar parámetros genéticos para esas características en animales Nelore. Se utilizó la información generada de 1995 a 2000 en 34 ranchos ubicados en cinco estados de México. Los ranchos se dedican a la cría de ganado Nelore de registro y pertenecían a la Asociación Mexicana de Criadores de Cebú. Los modelos estadísticos incluyeron los efectos fijos de estado (Campeche, Chiapas, Tabasco, Tamaulipas y Yucatán), año y época de nacimiento del animal (Seca, Lluviosa y Nortes) y sexo (Macho o Hembra) y el efecto aleatorio del residual. El modelo para estimar los parámetros genéticos incluyó el efecto fijo de grupo de contemporáneos (hato-año-época-sexo) y el efecto aleatorio aditivo directo. Los análisis se realizaron mediante los procedimientos de modelos lineales generales y máxima verosimilitud restringida libre de derivadas. Los promedios y desviaciones estándar para PN y P205 fueron 30,9 Ó 3,03 y 168,8 Ó 28,9 kg, respectivamente. Los machos pesaron más (P

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el crecimiento hasta el destete, de becerros cruzados en un sistema de doble propósito en el trópico mexicano. Los becerros eran animales ¾ Europeo (Holstein, Simmental, Suizo) ¼ Cebú, igual que sus madres. Los becerros apoyaban a las vacas en el ordeño y tomaban la leche residual después de éste por 30 minutos (amamantamiento restringido) y se mantenían en un potrero de Estrella de ífrica (Cynodon plestostachyus), teniendo acceso a un suplemento energético-proteico (1 kg/becerro/día). Los animales se pesaron al nacimiento y a intervalos de 28 días. Los datos de 361 (190 machos y 171 hembras) becerros (4.678 pesajes) se analizaron mediante regresiones lineales y cuadráticas. Los coeficientes de determinación para las regresiones lineal, y lineal y cuadrática fueron similares para los becerros machos y hembras. El modelo de regresión que incluyó los efectos lineal y cuadrático describió mejor los datos, que el modelo lineal.

Reflexiones sobre la necesidad de una política marítima española integrada en la UE

EI objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar si el ajuste convencional para peso al destete (PQ a una edad común tiene efecto sobre el índice el de herencia y respuesta esperada a la seleeción de ese rasgo.