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The adoption of quick and reliable laboratory techniques and equipment to choose the best seed lots for marketing will influence the production of soybeans with superior physiological quality, among other areas in the sector. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the CO2 concentrations produced by water-soaked soybean seeds and to verify the effectiveness of new equipment to help choose lots with different vigor levels. To evaluate the physical and physiological quality of the seeds, eight soybean lots were evaluated with the following tests: water content, weight of thousand seeds, first germination count, germination, electrical conductivity, emergence, and respiration evaluated by the Pettenkoffer apparatus and with equipment designed to measure CO2 in seeds. The results were subjected to analysis of variance with means compared by Tukey’s test at p ≤ 0.05. Conventional methods showed significant differences in vigor and viability in soybean seeds. The equipment designed was efficient in detecting CO2 produced by seeds soaked in water for 8 hours. The CO2 readings with the equipment presented satisfactory results to predict the vigor in soybean seeds through respiration. RESUMO A adoção de técnicas e equipamentos laboratoriais rápidos e confiáveis para a escolha dos melhores lotes de sementes para comercialização influenciará a produção de soja com qualidade fisiológica superior, entre outras áreas do setor. Diante disto, objetivou-se avaliar as concentrações de CO2 produzido por sementes de soja embebidas em água e comprovar a eficácia de um novo equipamento que auxilie na seleção de lotes com diferentes níveis de vigor. Para avaliação da qualidade física e fisiológica das sementes, oito lotes de soja foram avaliados com os seguintes testes: teor de água, peso de mil sementes, primeira contagem de germinação, germinação, condutividade elétrica, emergência e respiração avaliadas pelo aparelho Pettenkoffer e com equipamento projetado para medir CO2 em sementes. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância com médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a p ≤ 0,05. Os métodos convencionais evidenciaram diferenças significativas do vigor e viabilidade em sementes de soja. O equipamento desenvolvido se mostrou eficiente na detecção de CO2 produzido pelas sementes embebidas em água durante 8 horas. As leituras de CO2 com o equipamento apresentaram resultados satisfatórios para predizer o vigor em sementes de soja por meio da respiração.

This study aimed at assessing the quality of the physiology and health of the coriander seeds processed in a gravity table. This was investigated at two settings namely, I with angle X 3.5° and angle Y 3.1° and II with 3.9° and 2.7° angles, with five gravity table discharges (high, high intermediate, intermediate, low intermediate and low) besides feeding. The experiment adopted the 2x6 factorial scheme, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. Two coriander seed batches of cultivar Verdão were used. The gravity table was adjusted to have 2.9 m s-1 air speed on the platform. The seed fractions discharged in the lower portion of the gravity table revealed poorer physiological performance than that of the others. Regulation I (angle X 3.5° and Y 3.1°) was sufficient for the coriander seeds to be processed in batch 1 and regulation II (angle X 3.9° Y and 2.7°), was adequate for batch 2. The processing of batch 1 in regulation II was effective in separating seeds of higher sanitary quality by rejecting the contaminated ones. RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de coentro beneficiadas em mesa de gravidade. Estudaram-se duas regulagens, sendo I com ângulo X de 3,5° e Y de 3,1° e II 3,9° e 2,7°, e cinco descargas da mesa de gravidade (alta, intermediária alta, intermediária, intermediária baixa e baixa) além da alimentação, arranjados em esquema fatorial 2x6, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Foram utilizados dois lotes de sementes de coentro cultivar Verdão e a mesa de gravidade foi ajustada com velocidade do ar de 2,9 m s-1 na plataforma. As frações de sementes descarregadas na parte baixa da mesa de gravidade apresentaram desempenho fisiológico inferior à das demais. A regulagem I (ângulo X de 3,5° e Y de 3,1°) foi adequada para o beneficiamento das sementes de coentro do lote 1 e a regulagem II (ângulo X de 3,9° e Y de 2,7°), para o lote 2. O beneficiamento do lote 1 na regulagem II foi eficiente na separação de sementes com melhor qualidade sanitária, pela remoção de sementes contaminadas.

The cultivation of non-traditional fruits has gained ground in the horticulture sector, but which, in certain situations, are plants that require previous studies related to soil adaptability, climate, and irrigation water quality. In this sense, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of irrigation water salinity on Physalis peruviana L. (fisális) plants in the different growth phases. The experimental area was installed on the premises of the Federal University of Campina Grande, adopting a casualized block design, with four saline levels of irrigation water (0.3; 1.2; 2.1 and 3.0 dS m-1) and five repetitions per treatment. The variables analyzed were: stem diameter, plant height and number of leaves every 15 days, leaf area at 55 days after transplanting, number of side branches, number of flower buds, number of flowers, average fruit weight, polar diameter, and equatorial diameter of fruits, number of fruits per plant and productivity. According to the results, the plants were tolerant to saline levels of irrigation water of up to 3.0 dS m-1, without prejudice to the phenological and productive characteristics of the crop. The unitary increase in the salinity of the irrigation water did not result in damage to the physiological characteristics of the plants until the 60 days of transplanting.

Storage is a fundamental step for maintaining seed quality after processing. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the physiological potential of onion seeds stored in different packings and environments. Impermeable, semi-permeable and permeable packings were tested under natural environment conditions (+19ºC), cold and dry chamber (10±2ºC and 33% RH) and cold chamber (16±2ºC and 60% RH), at 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days. The design was completely randomized in a 3x3x5 factorial scheme, with three replicates. In order to evaluate emergency in field, a 3x3 factorial arrangement (packing x environment) was adopted. Onion seeds maintained their physiological quality when stored in impermeable packing for 360 days, regardless of the environment. The seeds' physiological quality was maintained in the other packings when stored in a cold or cold and dry chamber, with viability and vigor above 80% up to 180 days of storage.

Corn (Zea mays) is one of the most cultivated poaceae in the world with high agricultural potential. It is propagated through seeds, which sometimes remain stored until the sowing period. Among the various forms of storage, some aspects related to the environment and the type of material that constitutes the packaging may compromise the viability and vigor of these seeds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of corn seeds stored in different types of packaging and subjected to conditions of high temperature and relative humidity throughout storage. For this purpose, water content, germination and vigor were evaluated through the cold test. A completely randomized design in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (packaging x evaluation times) with four replications was used. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression, and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability, using the Sisvar 5.3 statistical software. It was concluded that, in 45 days of storage, the water content in corn seeds reached values of up to 13.62%, which resulted in a reduction in the vigor due to high respiration caused by the storage temperature. Corn (Zea mays) is one of the most cultivated poaceae in the world with high agricultural potential. It is propagated through seeds, which sometimes remain stored until the sowing period. Among the various forms of storage, some aspects related to the environment and the type of material that constitutes the packaging may compromise the viability and vigor of these seeds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of corn seeds stored in different types of packaging and subjected to conditions of high temperature and relative humidity throughout storage. For this purpose, water content, germination and vigor were evaluated through the cold test. A completely randomized design in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (packaging x evaluation times) with four replications was used. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression, and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability, using the Sisvar 5.3 statistical software. It was concluded that, in 45 days of storage, the water content in corn seeds reached values of up to 13.62%, which resulted in a reduction in the vigor due to high respiration caused by the storage temperature.

The passion fruit is one of thefruit that has been gaining more prominence in the fruit sector because it is widely used in food, pharmacology and ornamentation. Its cultivation in the northeastern region of Brazil presents some limitations due to the organic matter content of the soiland / or the use of water of high salinity in some properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of manure and the interaction with different saline levels of irrigation water.The statistical design adopted was a randomized complete block design with 3 x 5 factorial design, with three types of manure (bovine, goat and poultry) and five saline levels (0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3 ; 4.3 dS m-1) with four replicates and one plant per replicate. The data were analyzed using the statistical program Sisvar 5.3.It was concluded that there was no interaction between manure types and saline levels, however, goat manure favored the growth of yellow passion fruit seedlings. On the other hand, the increase in saline levels up to 4.3 dS m-1impaired the growth of all variables up to 60 DAS.

O cultivo do melão é uma das principais atividades agrícolas do Nordeste brasileiro, adaptando-se bem às condições ambientais da região. As variedades locais, também denominadas de crioulas, são muito utilizadas no consumo doméstico, dentre elas o melão pepino. Contudo, um dos fatores limitantes à produção agrícola na região é a salinidade dos solos e da água utilizada na irrigação, interferindo diretamente no processo germinativo das sementes. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a influência da salinidade sobre a germinação e evolução do processo de embebição de sementes de melão pepino. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (CEa = 0,0; 0,5; 1,5; 3,5 e 4,5 dS m-1), com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Avaliou-se a curva de absorção e incremento de água das sementes e a porcentagem, primeira contagem, índice de velocidade média, tempo médio, velocidade média e frequência relativa de germinação. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e nos casos de significância a análise de regressão. O melão pepino é tolerante à salinidade, mas o vigor das sementes é reduzido com o aumento da CEa. A absorção de água apresenta duração de 41 horas e o incremento de 0,013 g de água por semente até o início protrusão radicular. Já na evolução da embebição das sementes foi observado um prolongamento de duração do processo com o aumento das concentrações salinas.

Sesame is considered an alternative crop for small and medium farmers in the Brazilian Northeast region. However, under the conditions of the northeastern semi-arid region, the scarcity of good quality water for irrigation may lead to a reduction in the quality of the final product. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of sesame seeds produced under levels of soil salinity. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 5 × 5 factorial scheme, with three replicates, corresponding to sesame cultivars (BRS Seda, BRS G2, BRS G3, BRS G4 and BRS Anahi) and soil salinity levels with the following values for electrical conductivity: 0.6 dS m-1, 1.2 dS m-1, 1.8 dS m-1, 2.4 dS m-1 and 3.0 dS m-1. The physiological quality was characterized based on tests of germination, first germination count, germination speed index, radicle length, seed electrical conductivity, emergence, emergence speed index and seedling dry matter. BRS Seda, BRS G2 and BRS G3, cultivated under salinity levels, present seeds with a better physiological quality, demonstrating a higher tolerance to salt stress conditions. The BRS Seda and BRS G2 cultivars tolerate salinity levels of up to 2.4 dS m-1, while BRS G3 tolerates levels of up to 1.8 dS m-1. BRS G4 and BRS Anahi have the physiological quality of their seeds compromised by the increase in the soil salinity, during their production. RESUMO O gergelim é considerado uma cultura alternativa para pequenos e médios agricultores da região Nordeste. No entanto, nas condições do semiárido nordestino, a escassez de água de boa qualidade utilizada na irrigação pode refletir em redução na qualidade do produto final. Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de gergelim produzidas sob níveis de salinidade do solo. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 × 5, com três repetições, correspondendo a cultivares de gergelim (BRS Seda, BRS G2, BRS G3, BRS G4 e BRS Anahi) e níveis de salinidade do solo com as seguintes condutividades elétricas: 0,6 dS m-1; 1,2 dS m-1; 1,8 dS m-1; 2,4 dS m-1; e 3,0 dS m-1. Para a caracterização da qualidade fisiológica, foram realizados testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento de radícula, condutividade elétrica das sementes, emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência e massa seca de plântulas. BRS Seda, BRS G2 e BRS G3, cultivadas sob níveis salinos, apresentam sementes com melhores qualidades fisiológicas, demonstrando maior tolerância a condições de estresse salino. BRS Seda e BRS G2 toleram níveis salinos de até 2,4 dS m-1, enquanto BRS G3 tolera até 1,8 dS m-1. BRS G4 e BRS Anahi têm a qualidade fisiológica de suas sementes comprometida com o aumento da salinidade do solo, durante sua produção.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações do extrato aquoso de bulbos de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) em comparação ao ácido indol-3-butírico (AIB) sobre a germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de rabanete. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, em ambos empregando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 50 sementes para germinação e 20 sementes para comprimento da raiz primária. No experimento I, as sementes de rabanete foram submetidas às concentrações de zero, 0,5, 1,0 e 1,5 mg L-1 de AIB. No experimento II, as sementes da espécie estudada foram submetidas às concentrações de zero, 15, 25, 50 e 100% do extrato aquoso de bulbos de tiririca, confrontadas com a melhor concentração obtida da auxina sintética. Em ambos experimentos, as sementes foram embebidas em cada uma das soluções por cinco minutos. Para avaliar o efeito dos tratamentos, foi realizado o teste de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e comprimento de radícula. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade para o fator qualitativo e regressão polinomial para o fator quantitativo. O AIB possibilitou melhor desempenho fisiológico de sementes de rabanete, sendo 1,5 mg L-1 a melhor concentração empregada. O extrato aquoso de tiririca estimula a germinação e o desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de rabanete quando suas sementes são embebidas com concentrações em torno de 25%, assemelhando-se aos resultados obtidos quando do emprego do AIB.

A cultura do feijão-vagem possui ampla adaptação edafoclimática, podendo ser cultivado durante todo o ano em grande parte dos estados brasileiros, entretanto, fatores como o manejo do solo, sendo este fundamental para obtenção de maior sucesso de produção e o volume inadequado da água de irrigação limita sua produção principalmente nas regiões semiáridas. Com isso, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência de fontes de adubação orgânica no desenvolvimento do feijão-vagem cv. ‘Macarrão’ submetido a diferentes níveis de água de irrigação. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: duas fontes de adubação orgânica (esterco caprino e bovino) mais a testemunha (sem adubação) e quatro níveis de água de irrigação (40%; 60%; 80% e 100% da capacidade de campo). Foi adotado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualisados, com arranjo fatorial 3 x 4, sendo o primeiro fator as fontes de adubação orgânica mais a ausência da mesma e o segundo fator os quatro níveis de água de irrigação, com quatro repetições totalizando 48 unidades experimentais. Aos 40 dias após a semeadura foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: diâmetro do colo, número de folhas, comprimento da raiz, massa fresca da parte aérea, massa fresca da raiz, massa fresca total, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz e massa seca total. Plantas de feijão-vagem cv. ‘macarrão’ apresenta maior desenvolvimento quando cultivada a 100% da capacidade de campo, onde associada a adubação orgânica via esterco caprino favorece a produção de plantas com maior qualidade.Influence of organic fertilizer in the development of snap beans in different irrigation water levelsAbstract: The snap bean crop has extensive edaphoclimatic adaptation and can be grown throughout the year in most Brazilian states, However, factors such as soil management, which is critical to getting the most successful production and inadequate volume of irrigation water limits its production mainly in semiarid regions. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of sources of organic fertilizer in the development of plants of bean pod cv. 'Macaroni' under different irrigation water levels. The treatments were: two sources of organic fertilizer (manure goats and cattle) more witness (without fertilizer) and four irrigation water levels (40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of field capacity). The experimental design was adopted in randomized blocks with factorial 3 x 4, the first factor the organic fertilizer more witness thereof and the second factor the four irrigation water levels, with four repetitions totaling 48 experimental units. At 40 days after sowing the following variables were evaluated: stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, fresh weight of aerial part, fresh root mass, total fresh mass, shoot dry weight, root dry mass and total dry mass. plants of bean pod cv. 'Macaroni' It has higher development when grown to 100% field capacity related to irrigation water, where associated with organic fertilizer via goat manure favors the production of plants with higher quality.

The Physalis peruviana L. presents great nutritional value and economic viability, becoming an alternative for the small and medium producer and an innovation for the Brazilian horticulture. However, some information on cultivation, are still scarce. In this context, our objective is to characterizing the phenological phases and productivity of the Physalis peruviana cultivated in a greenhouse in the semiárido paraibano. This work was done in the experimental farm of the Federal University of Campina Grande, campus Pombal, Paraíba. The experiment was driven in a randomized blocks design, with five repetitions, each repetition constituted of five plants. The phenological phases were determined through the height, diameter of the stem, number of leaves, floral buttons, flowers and fruits per plant, production and productivity. The data were submitted to the variance analysis and polynomial regression. The vegetative phase of the Physalis peruviana L. is concluded in a period understood among 32 to 45 days after the transplant (DAT) and the reproductive phase extends until 161 DAT. In the conditions of the semiarid, the crop of the fruits of the Physalis peruviana L. begins to 71 DAT, with a dear productivity of approximately 2 340.95 kg ha-1.

Physalis peruviana L., from the family Solanaceae, is a fruitful species of high nutritional and economic value, incorporated in the category of the small fine fruits in Brazil, and is a promising source of income for small farmers, mainly in the Northeast area. This work aims to evaluate the influence of different substrate and containers in the initial growth of Physalis peruviana L. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse, in a completely randomized designing. Two types of containers (polypropylene seedling tray of 200 cells and containers of polypropylene of 50 mL) and three compositions of the substrate (commercial substrate Hortiplant®, and ravine soil + sand + organic compost in the proportions 2:1:1 and 2:1:2) were tested. The analyzed variables were: percentage of emergency and emergency velocity index of the plants; height of the plants; the number of leaves; length of the main root; and wet and dry mass of the root and the aerial part at the 30 days after sowing. Analyses of variance were used to test the effects of substrate and containers on the studied variables, and the averages of the studied variables were compared among treatments using the Tukey’s test at 5% of probability. In the greenhouse conditions, Physalis peruviana L. seedlings grow better when sowed in the commercial substrate using the container of polypropylene of 50 mL, resulting in larger seedlings, a larger number of leaves and a proper development of the root system.