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BACKGROUND: The current study attempted to assess efferent auditory system functioning in individuals with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) using a new approach, contralateral suppression of SOAE, which has not yet been extensively researched. METHODS: Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) were recorded in a total of 62 ears, divided into 2 groups. Group I comprised of 31 ears with normal hearing (NH), while group II consisted of 31 ears with ANSD. All the participants considered for the study were in the age range of 18-45 years. Synchronized SOAE were recorded using the ILO V6 OAE instrument with and without noise (broadband noise, 50 dB SPL) in the contralateral ear. The frequency and amplitude shifts secondary to the introduction of contralateral noise were analyzed. RESULTS: The results of the study showed a statistically significant high-frequency shift of SOAE with contralateral noise for the NH and ANSD groups. In addition, the NH group also exhibited a statistically significant reduction in SOAE amplitude in contralateral noise conditions. Such a reduction in SOAE amplitude was not observed in individuals with ANSD. CONCLUSION: The absence of suppression of SOAE amplitude suggests efferent damage in individuals with ANSD. The shift in SOAE frequency toward higher frequency in the ANSD group, which is similar to NH group, is suggestive of differential allotment of medial olivocochlear (MOC) mechanism in individuals with ANSD, which codes for contralateral frequency changes and not for amplitude changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I give a crystalline characterization of abelian varieties amongst the class of smooth projective varieties with trivial tangent bundles in characteristic $p>0$. Using my characterization, I show that a smooth, projective, ordinary variety with trivial tangent bundle is an abelian variety if and only if its second crystalline cohomology is torsion-free. I also show that a conjecture of KeZheng Li about smooth projective varieties with trivial tangent bundles in characteristic $p>0$ is true for smooth projective surfaces. I give a new proof of a result by Li and prove a refinement of it. Based on my characterization of abelian varieties, I propose modifications of Li's conjecture, which I expect to be true. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Psychoacoustic abilities include the perception of frequency, intensity, and the temporal parameters of sound, which are necessary for speech perception. These abilities can be measured using adaptive and non-adaptive procedures. The maximum likelihood procedure (MLP) is an adaptive psychophysical procedure that is usually utilized in psychoacoustic tasks. The present study aimed to assess the test- retest reliability of various psychoacoustic measures assessed using the MLP toolbox implemented in Matlab. Material and methods: A total of 20 participants with normal hearing sensitivity were selected for the study. The test-retest reliability of psychoacoustic measures was studied in terms of frequency difference limen, intensity difference limen, duration discrimination thresholds, gap detection thresholds, and modulation detection thresholds (4 Hz and 128 Hz). To check test-retest reliability all measures were assessed twice within a span of one day. Results: The results showed no significant difference in the various psychoacoustic measures obtained across the two sessions. The reliability of each measure was tested using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).The results indicated that the test-retest reliability of various psychoacoustic measures assessed using the MLP toolbox was fair to good. Conclusions: It can be concluded that MLP is a reliable tool to assess various psychoacoustic abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract I show that on any smooth, projective ordinary curve of genus at least two and a projective embedding, there is a natural example of a stable Ulrich bundle for this embedding: namely the sheaf B X 1 of locally exact differentials twisted by O X (1) given by this embedding and in particular there exist ordinary varieties of any dimension which carry Ulrich bundles. In higher dimensions, assuming X is Frobenius split variety I show that B X 1 is an ACM bundle and if X is also a Calabi–Yau variety and p > 2 then B X 1 is not a direct sum of line bundles. In particular I show that B X 1 is an ACM bundle on any ordinary Calabi–Yau variety. I also prove a characterization of projective varieties with trivial canonical bundle such that B X 1 is ACM (for some projective embedding datum): all such varieties are Frobenius split (with trivial canonical bundle). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let X be a smooth, projective curve of genus g ≥ 2 over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0. I provide a conjectural formula for the degree of the scheme of dormant Projective General Linear PGL(r)-opers on X where r ≥ 2 (I assume that p is greater than an explicit constant depending on g, r). For r = 2, a dormant PGL(2)-oper is a dormant indigenous bundle on X in the sense of Shinichi Mochuzki (and his work provides a formula only for g = 2, r = 2, p ≥ 5, from a different point of view). In 2014, Yasuhiro Wakabayashi has shown that my conjectural formula holds for r = 2, g ≥ 2, and p > 2g - 2 and more recently he has proved the conjecture in all ranks for generic curves of genus at least two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the study on schoolchildren's perception on the participation of women in higher education in science and math as well as their contributions to science. The study reportedly involved a questionnaire-based survey method to assess students' interests towards math and science. The results revealed that more boys believe that science is a male domain than girls.

Let X be a smooth projective curve of genus g ≥ 2 defined over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic p > 0 . For p > r ( r − 1 ) ( r − 2 ) ( g − 1 ) we construct an atlas for the locus of all Frobenius-destabilized bundles of rank r (i.e. we construct all Frobenius-destabilized bundles of rank r and degree zero up to isomorphism). This is done by exhibiting a surjective morphism from a certain Quot-scheme onto the locus of stable Frobenius-destabilized bundles. Further we show that there is a bijective correspondence between the set of stable vector bundles E over X such that the pull-back F ⁎ ( E ) under the Frobenius morphism of X has maximal Harder–Narasimhan polygon and the set of opers having zero p -curvature. We also show that, after fixing the determinant, these sets are finite, which enables us to derive the dimension of certain Quot-schemes and certain loci of stable Frobenius-destabilized vector bundles over X . The finiteness is proved by studying the properties of the Hitchin–Mochizuki morphism; an alternative approach to finiteness has been realized in [3] . In particular we prove a generalization of a result of Mochizuki to higher ranks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper we determine the explicit structure of the semisimple part of the Hecke algebra that acts on Drinfeld modular forms of full level modulo T. We show that modulo T the Hecke algebra has a non-zero semisimple part. In contrast, a well-known theorem of Serre asserts that for classical modular forms the action of for any odd prime ℓ is nilpotent modulo 2. After proving the result for Drinfeld modular forms modulo T, we use computations of the Hecke action modulo T to show that certain powers of the Drinfeld modular form h cannot be eigenforms. Finally, we pose a question a positive answer to which will mean that the Hecke algebra that acts on Drinfeld modular forms of full level is not smooth for large weights, which again contrasts the classical situation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This note corrects a mistake in [3, Theorem 4.1]. The error noted here does not affect any other results of [3]. To correct the error, here I prove a more general result (Theorem 3.1) and deduce Theorem 3.3 and also the correct version of the previously announced theorem in Theorem 3.4. Theorem 3.5 supplements Theorem 3.3. In it, I prove that if k is an algebraically closed field of characteristic p ≥ 3 and X / k is any smooth, projective, minimal surface of general type and with Pic (X) = Z , then for all integers r ≥ 5 , X is embedded as a smooth surface by its pluricanonical linear system X ↪ | ω X r | , and E = F ⁎ (ω X r + 1) (1) is an almost Ulrich bundle for the pluricanonical embedding X ↪ | ω X r | of X and for the ample line bundle provided by this embedding. Corollary 3.6 generalizes [3, Theorem 3.1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Optimality of urban density regulations differs between a closed city and an open city. We demonstrate, by examining optimal floor area ratio (FAR) regulation, how to control building size to mitigate traffic congestion externality in a monocentric city. Results show that a closed city requires not only downward adjustment to the market density at boundary locations using maximum FAR regulation but also upward adjustment at central locations using minimum FAR regulation. On the other hand, an open city requires only the former. The common practice of imposing only maximum FAR regulation is thus insufficient for closed cities although it is effective for open cities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We consider a variant of a question of N. Koblitz. For an elliptic curve which is not -isogenous to an elliptic curve with torsion, Koblitz has conjectured that there exists infinitely many primes p such that is also a prime. We consider a variant of this question. For a newform f, without CM, of weight , on with trivial Nebentypus and with integer Fourier coefficients, let (here is the p-th-Fourier coefficient of f). We show under GRH and Artinʼs Holomorphy Conjecture that there are infinitely many p such that has at most distinct prime factors. We give examples of about hundred forms to which our theorem applies. We also show, on GRH, that the number of distinct prime factors of is of normal order and that the distribution of these values is asymptotically a Gaussian distribution (“Erdős–Kac type theorem”). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We investigate class field towers of number fields obtained as fixed fields of modular representations of the absolute Galois group of the rational numbers. First, for each k ∈ {12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 26}, we give explicit rational primes ℓ such that the fixed field of the mod-ℓ representation attached to the unique normalized cusp eigenform of weight k on SL2(ℤ) has an infinite class field tower. Further, under a conjecture of Hardy and Littlewood, we prove the existence of infinitely many cyclotomic fields of prime conductor, providing infinitely many such primes ℓ for each k in the list. Finally, given a non-CM curve E/ℚ, we show that there exists an integer ME such that the fixed field of the representation attached to the n-division points of E has an infinite class field tower for a set of integers n of density one among integers coprime to ME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the R&D efforts in the field of forest mycology (study of fungi) with a primary focus on the global trends of publication output and its citation impact for the papers published during 1987-2008. The results indicate that number of publications have increased significantly especially during 2004 -2008. A total of 3313 publications scattered over 619 journal titles originating from 50 countries and 839 institutions indicates that USA tops the list in the publication output, while Sweden does in the citation impact. China leads in terms of highest rate of annual growth of published papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study two natural questions about subvarieties of moduli spaces. In the first section, we study the locus of curves equipped with F-nilpotent bundles and its relationship to the p-rank zero locus of the moduli space of curves of genus g. In the second section, we study subvarieties of moduli spaces of vector bundles on curves. We prove an analogue of a result of F. Oort about proper subvarieties of moduli of abelian varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that the locally free sheaf B1⊂F*(Ω1X) of locally exact differentials on a smooth projective curve of genus g⩾2 over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic p is a stable bundle. This answers a question of Raynaud. To cite this article: K. Joshi, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 338 (2004). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We give a p-adic proof of Hodge symmetry for smooth and projective varieties of dimension three over the field of complex numbers. To cite this article: K. Joshi, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 338 (2004). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We examine the relationship between the notion of Frobenius splitting and ordinarity for varieties. We show that the de Rham-Witt cohomology groups Hi(X,W(OX)) of a smooth projective Frobenius split variety are finitely generated over W(k). We provide counterexamples to a conjecture of Mehta that Frobenius split varieties are ordinary or even Hodge-Witt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this note we wish to prove a purely characteristic p > 0 variant of the Kodaira–Akizuki–Nakano vanishing for smooth complete intersections of dimension at least two in projective space. This has some interesting applications; in particular, we show that all Frobenius pull-backs of the tangent bundle of any complete intersection of general type and of dimension at least three in Pn are stable. We also show (see Remark 3.4) that a small modification of the techniques of [5] and a theorem of Mehta and Ramanathan (see [3]) together allow us to extend this stability result to smooth projective hypersurfaces of degree d, where (n+1)/20, and hence this result is not without interest. We end with an obvious conjectural form of our variant for a general class of varieties. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 14J760. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A well-known conjecture of Eisenbud, Schreyer and Weyman suggests that any projective variety carries an Ulrich (and hence also weakly Ulrich) bundle. This is known only in a handful of cases. In this paper I provide weakly Ulrich bundles on a class of surfaces and threefolds. I construct a weakly Ulrich bundle of large rank on any smooth complete surface in P 3 over fields of characteristic p > 0 and also for some classes of surfaces of general type in P n. I also construct intrinsic weakly Ulrich bundles on any Frobenius split variety of dimension at most three. The bundles constructed here are in fact ACM and weakly Ulrich bundles and so I call them almost Ulrich bundles. Frobenius split varieties in dimension three include as special cases: (1) smooth hypersurfaces in P 4 of degree at most four, (2) more generally, Frobenius split Fano varieties of dimension at most three, (3) Frobenius split, smooth quintics in P 4 (4) more generally, Frobenius split Calabi-Yau varieties of dimension at most three (5) Frobenius split (i.e. ordinary) abelian varieties of dimension at most three. These results also imply that Chow form of these varieties is the support of a single intrinsic determinantal equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Galois representations of Hodge-Tate weight based on the methods of J. M. Fontaine and G. Faltings. It notes that the set of isomorphism classes of irreducible representations of a number field's Galois group is finite. It indicates the two-dimensional irreducible Galois representation of Hodge-Tate weights arising from the Ramanujan modular form.

The article focuses on the development of state science and technology (S&T) infrastructure in India by the central S&T agencies. Topics discussed include Karnataka, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal being the first states to establish state S&T councils, the functioning of state S&T councils depending upon the financial support from the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the effect of the gross domestic product (GDP) on the budget allocation by DST for the state council.

Temporal processing ability contributes to the identification of small phonetic elements that is important for speech perception. Difficulty in these interferes with normal speech perception and phoneme recognition. The present study aimed to assess the temporal and phonological processing abilities in children with speech sound disorders (SSD). Temporal processing and phonological skills were evaluated in 32 participants in the age range of 6–10 years, equally divided into two groups. Group I included typically developing children, and Group II included children with SSD. Gap detection test and duration pattern test were used to assess temporal processing abilities, and phonological sensitivity training kit in Kannada (PhoST-K) assessed phonological processing abilities. The results showed that there was a significant difference in temporal and phonological processing between the two groups of children. A significant correlation between gap detection ability and deletion tasks and between duration pattern ability and oddity tasks was obtained. Based on the results, it is recommended to assess the temporal process pertinent to central auditory processing in children with SSD, as a close relationship between temporal processing abilities and phonological awareness exists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper objective presents static synchronous series compensation FACTS device with biogeography based optimization (BBO) to deal for obtaining worthwhile power flow control. The biogeography based optimization method is utilized to find the optimal fitted child sets by surviving parents with the help of migration and mutation Jaipur process. The present BBO technique from the evolutionary strategy with static synchronous series compensator provides improved outcomes in comparison to other optimization methods. The simulation outcomes illustrate that the proposed BBO algorithm is efficacious, secure and correct to search the optimized values with SSSC based FACTS devices. The proposed method is considering the solution quality an optimistic substitute method for extricating the OPF problems. The simplification and effectiveness of this method are validated on the IEEE 57 bus and 75 bus Systems. In this paper, from the outcome results, it is clearly shown that the proposed technique execution can be properly and effectively applied to the optimal position of multiple OPF problems. i.e. BBO based algorithm with SSSC FACTS device is found better results when compared to without SSSC device in all aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of national research trends and thrust areas as well as R&D capability in solar photovoltaics has become all the more essential following the launching of the National Solar Mission in 2010. The present study analyzes the status of solar PV research in India encompassing aspects such as pattern of output, impact of research, thrust of research; identifies the leading agencies, institutes and authors including their research thrust. Finally, the paper looks into the pattern of collaboration in Indian solar PV research including academia- industry collaboration. The study concludes that a comprehensive mapping of solar PV R&D capability of India should be taken out on a priority basis in order to make effective R&D strategies to take advantage of supportive policy initiatives like the National Solar Mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the patents which reflect the proficiency of states in terms of industrial capability and scientific strength. It is stated that for the measurement of the strength of India, patent filing data is extracted from the annual reports of the Indian Patent Office. It further presents a table which depicts the result of the patents filed output and gross domestic product for various states and union territories of India.

The article offers information concerning the use of agriwaste-straw for mass culturing of Trichoderma. It notes that some of the major criteria in selecting the substrate for mass production of any fungal antagonist is what they called the viable inocula. It also offers information on the use of bagasse as a substrate for Trichoderma in the sugarcane-growing. Moreover, it mentions that bagasse can also be used as an enhancer in composting.

Aim: To report on the results of the online international consensus process to develop the comprehensive and brief International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for adults with cerebral palsy (CP). Method: An online iterative decision‐making and consensus process involved 25 experts, including clinicians and researchers working with adults with CP, an adult with CP, and the parents of adults with CP from all six regions of the World Health Organization. The most relevant categories were selected from a list of 154 unique second‐level candidate categories to develop the ICF Core Sets for adults with CP. This list resulted from evidence gathered during four preparatory studies, that is, a systematic literature review, a qualitative study, an expert survey, and an empirical study. Results: The consensus process resulted in the comprehensive ICF Core Set containing 120 second‐level ICF categories: 33 body functions; eight body structures; 50 activities and participation; and 29 environmental factors, from which the most essential categories, 33 in total, were selected for the brief ICF Core Set. For body functions, most of the categories were mental functions and neuromusculoskeletal and movement‐related functions. Body structures were mostly related to movement. All the chapters of the activities and participation component were represented, with mobility and self‐care as the most frequently covered chapters. For environmental factors, most of the categories addressed products and technology and services, systems, and policies. Interpretation: The comprehensive and brief ICF Core Sets for adults with CP were created using a new online version of an established ICF Core Set consensus process. These Core Sets complement the age‐specific ICF Core Sets for children and young people with CP and will promote standardized data collection worldwide. This original article is commented on by Pathak and Sharma on page 533 of this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Admitted patients boarding in the emergency department (ED) while awaiting inpatient beds represent a bottleneck in patient flow. We sought to examine the impact on patient flow and potential for cost savings by an active management of boarded ED medical admissions by a hospitalist-led team, which included a hospitalist, an advanced practitioner, and a case manager.Methods: This was a retrospectively conducted analysis of a quality improvement pilot intervention implemented at a large tertiary center. We analyzed patients admitted under observation status between April 1, 2016 and June 30, 2016. We calculated the difference for length of stay (in hours) and direct cost between patients in the intervention group and a usual care group from a similar time period in the prior year matched on the all patients refined-diagnosis related groups (APR-DRG) and severity of illness (SOI) level.Results: One hundred seventy-five observation patients were managed by the hospitalist team during the 3-month pilot period. This group had an average hospital stay of 26.0 hours compared with 29.7 hours in the usual care group. Direct costs resulted in the following results: average cost for the intervention patient group $1452 (±$775) versus $2524 (±$894) group, for an average savings of $1072 (P < 0.001), with a total estimated direct cost savings of $187,660.Conclusions: Active management of ED boarding patients by a hospitalist-led team is feasible and can lead to hospital cost savings and decrease in hospital stay. The findings from this pilot resulted in a decision to make the ED hospitalist-led team permanent in our institution. The evaluation of the program may help other hospitals to decide whether this intervention is worth pursuing in their own organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]