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Abstract In this study, Levinson-type inequalities for the class of n-convex ( n ≥ 3 $n \geq 3$ ) functions are generalized using new Green functions and the Hermite interpolating polynomial involving two types of data points. Some estimations for novel functionals are derived using f-divergence. Furthermore, different inequalities involving Shannon entropies are presented.

Abstract In this paper, four new Green functions are used to generalize Levinson-type inequalities for the class of 3-convex functions. The f-divergence, Renyi entropy, Renyi divergence, Shannon entropy, and the Zipf–Mandelbrot law are also used to apply the main results to information theory.

Abstract In this paper, Csiszár f-divergence via diamond integral is introduced and some inequalities related to Csiszár f-divergence involving diamond integrals are presented. Some examples are presented for different divergence measures by fixing time scales. Some divergence measures are estimated in terms of logarithmic, identric, geometric, and arithmetic means. The obtained results generalize some known results in the literature and provide new bounds for some divergence measures in q-calculus.

Abstract The paper generalizes Shannon-type inequalities for diamond integrals. It includes two-dimensional Hölder’s inequality and Cauchy–Schwartz’s inequality, which help to prove weighted Grüss’s inequality for diamond integrals. Jensen’s inequality and Grüss’s inequality are used to provide Shannon-type inequalities for diamond integrals. Shannon-type inequalities for multiple integrals are also part of the discussion. Moreover, many distributions are deduced from the main results, and new bounds are obtained.

Abstract In this paper, with the help of Green’s function and Hermite interpolating polynomial, an extension of Jensen’s functional for n-convex functions is deduced from Jensen’s inequality involving diamond integrals. Special Hermite conditions, including Taylor two point formula and Lagrange’s interpolation, are also deployed to find the further extensions of Jensen’s functional. This paper also includes discussion on bounds for Grüss inequality, Ostrowski inequality, and Čebyšev functional associated to the newly defined Jensen’s functional.

Abstract In this paper we obtain several refinements of the Jensen inequality on time scales by generalizing Jensen’s functional for n-convex functions. We also investigate the bounds for the identities related to the new improvements obtained.

Abstract Hermite’s interpolation is utilized to establish a new generalization of an inequality for higher order convex functions containing Csiszár divergence on time scales. New entropic bounds in q-calculus and h-discrete calculus are also deduced. Some estimates for Zipf–Mandelbrot entropy are also given.

New Steffensen-type inequalities are obtained by combining generalized Taylor expansions, Rabier and Pečarić extensions of Steffensen’s inequality and Faà di Bruno’s formula for higher order derivatives of the composition.

Abstract Taylor’s polynomial and Green’s function are used to obtain new generalizations of an inequality for higher order convex functions containing Csiszár divergence on time scales. Various new inequalities for some divergence measures in quantum calculus and h-discrete calculus are also established.

Abstract This article investigates new inequalities for generalized Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals via the refined ( α , h − m ) $(\alpha ,h-m)$ -convex function. The established results give refinements of fractional integral inequalities for ( h − m ) $(h-m)$ -convex, ( α , m ) $(\alpha ,m)$ -convex, ( s , m ) $(s,m)$ -convex, and related functions. Also, the k-fractional versions of given inequalities by using a parameter substitution are provided.

Abstract The aim of the present paper is to obtain new generalizations of an inequality for n-convex functions involving Csiszár divergence on time scales using the Green function along with Fink’s identity. Some new results in h-discrete calculus and quantum calculus are also presented. Moreover, inequalities for some divergence measures are also deduced.

Abstract In the paper, we use Jensen’s inequality for diamond integrals and generalize it for n-convex functions with the help of an extended Montgomery identity. Moreover, the bounds have been suggested for identities associated with the generalized Jensen-type functional.

Abstract The main purpose of the presented paper is to obtain some time scale inequalities for different divergences and distances by using weighted time scales Jensen’s inequality. These results offer new inequalities in h-discrete calculus and quantum calculus and extend some known results in the literature. The lower bounds of some divergence measures are also presented. Moreover, the obtained discrete results are given in the light of the Zipf–Mandelbrot law and the Zipf law.

Abstract In this paper we are presenting the refinements of integral inequalities established for convex functions. Consequently, we get refinements of several fractional integral inequalities for different kinds of fractional integral operators.

Abstract In this paper, we present some inequalities for Csiszár f-divergence between two probability measures on time scale. These results extend some known results in the literature and offer new results in h-discrete calculus and quantum calculus. We also present several inequalities for divergence measures.

Abstract In this paper, first we present some interesting identities associated with Green’s functions and Fink’s identity, and further we present some interesting inequalities for r-convex functions. We also present refinements of some Hardy–Littlewood–Pólya type inequalities and give an application to the Shannon entropy. Furthermore, we use the Čebyšev functional and Grüss type inequalities and present the bounds for the remainder in the obtained identities. Finally, we use the obtained identities together with Hölder’s inequality for integrals and present Ostrowski type inequalities.

Abstract In the present article, we elaborate on the notion to obtain bounds for the soft margin estimator of “Identification of Patient Zero in Static and Temporal Network-Robustness and Limitations”. To achieve these bounds for the soft margin estimator, we utilize the concavity of the Gaussian weighting function and well-known Jensen’s inequality. To acquire some more general bounds for the soft margin estimator, we consider some general functions defined on rectangles. We also use the behavior of the Jaccard similarity function to extract some handsome bounds for the soft margin estimator.

Abstract We consider the discrete Jensen–Mercer inequality and Čebyšev’s inequality of the Mercer type. We establish bounds for Čebyšev’s functional of the Mercer type and bounds for the Jensen–Mercer functional in terms of the discrete Ostrowski inequality. Consequentially, we obtain new refinements of the considered inequalities.

The main objective of this paper is to compute refinements of bounds of the generalized fractional integral operators containing an extended generalized Mittag-Leffler function in their kernels. The presented results also provide refinements of already known bounds of different fractional integral operators for convex, m-convex, s-convex and (s, m)-convex functions. Moreover, the refinements of some known fractional versions of the Hadamard inequality are given.

In this work, we estimated the different entropies like Shannon entropy, Rényi divergences, Csiszár divergence by using Jensen’s type functionals. The Zipf’s–Mandelbrot law and hybrid Zipf’s–Mandelbrot law are used to estimate the Shannon entropy. The Abel–Gontscharoff Green functions and Fink’s Identity are used to construct new inequalities and generalized them for m-convex function.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to generalize the fractional Hadamard and Fejér–Hadamard inequalities. By using a generalized fractional integral operator containing extended Mittag-Leffler function via monotone function, for convex functions we generalize well known fractional Hadamard and Fejér–Hadamard inequalities. Also we study the error bounds of these generalized Hadamard and Fejér–Hadamard inequalities. We also obtain some published results from presented inequalities.

Abstract In this paper we give generalized results of a majorization inequality by using extension of the Montgomery identity and newly defined Green’s functions (Mehmood et al. in J. Inequal. Appl. 2017(1):108, 2017). We obtain a generalized majorization theorem for the class of n-convex functions. We use Csiszár f-divergence and generalized majorization-type inequalities to obtain new generalized results. We further discuss our obtained generalized results in terms of the Shannon entropy and the Kullback–Leibler distance.

Abstract This paper is devoted to obtain generalized results related to majorization-type inequalities by using well-known Fink’s identity and new types of Green functions, introduced by Mehmood et al. (J. Inequal. Appl. 2017:108, 2017). We give a generalized majorization theorem for the class of n-convex functions. We utilize the Csiszár f-divergence and generalized majorization-type inequalities in providing the corresponding generalizations. As an application, we present the obtained results in terms of Shannon entropy and Kullback–Leibler distance.

By utilizing different scalar equalities obtained via Hermite's interpolating polynomial, we will obtain lower and upper bounds for the difference in Ando's inequality and in the Edmundson-Lah-Ribariv c inequality for solidarities that hold for a class of $n$-convex functions. As an application, main results are applied to some operator means and relative operator entropy.

Abstract We present new generalizations of the weighted Montgomery identity constructed by using the Hermite interpolating polynomial. The obtained identities are used to establish new generalizations of weighted Ostrowski type inequalities for differentiable functions of class C n $C^{n}$ . Also, we consider new bounds for the remainder of the obtained identities by using the Chebyshev functional and certain Grüss type inequalities for this functional. By applying those results we derive inequalities for the class of n-convex functions.

In this article, we consider the generalized forms of the Jensen’s inequality given by Jessen and McShane for isotonic linear functionals, derive several refinements for the Jessen’s and McShane’s inequalities connected to certain functions from the linear space, generalize the Jessen’s and McShane’s inequalities pertaining n certain functions. As applications, we provide some improvements for the generalized means, Holder and generalized Beck’s inequalities.

Abstract Levinson type inequalities are generalized by using Hermite interpolating polynomial for the class of n $\mathfrak{n}$ -convex functions. In seek of application to information theory, some estimates for new functional are obtained based on f divergence. Inequalities involving Shannon entropies are also discussed.

Abstract The aim of present paper is to obtain Shannon type inequalities using the extended version of Jensen’s inequality in time scales settings. The concept of differential entropy of a continuous random variable on time scales is introduced, and its bounds for some particular distributions are also estimated.

Abstract This article proposes a new refinement of the celebrated Jensen inequality. Some refinements have been obtained for quasi-arithmetic means, Hölder and Hermite–Hadamard inequalities. Several applications are given in information theory. A more general refinement of Jensen inequality is presented associated to n functions.

Abstract In this paper we have derived the fractional integral inequalities by defining exponentially ( s , m ) $(s,m)$ -convex functions. These inequalities provide upper bounds, boundedness, continuity, and Hadamard type inequality for fractional integrals containing an extended Mittag-Leffler function. The results about fractional integral operators for s-convex, m-convex, ( s , m ) $(s,m)$ -convex, exponentially convex, exponentially s-convex, and convex functions are direct consequences of presented results.

Abstract In this work, some new functional of Jensen-type inequalities are constructed using Shannon entropy, f-divergence, and Rényi divergence, and some estimates are obtained for these new functionals. Also using the Zipf–Mandelbrot law and hybrid Zipf–Mandelbrot law, we investigate some bounds for these new functionals. Furthermore, we generalize these new functionals for m-convex function using Lidstone polynomial.

In this paper we extend general Hardy’s inequality by appropriately combining Montgomery’s identity and Green functions. Related Grüss and Ostrowski-type inequalities are also derived.

The classical Grüss and related inequalities have spurred a range of improvements, refinements, generalizations, and extensions. In the present article, we provide generalizations of Sokolov’s inequality in weighted Lebesgue LωΩ,A,μ spaces by employing the weighted Sonin’s identity and Čebyšev functional. As a result, we provide a generalized Grüss inequality in which the bounding constants are improved with bounding functions in LωpΩ,A,μ spaces. As an application, we provide several new bounds for Jensen–Grüss type differences.

In the published publication [...]

In this paper, we present a new refinement of the integral Jensen inequality by utilizing certain functions and give its applications to various means. We utilize the refinement to obtain some new refinements of the Hermite-Hadamard and Hölder’s inequalities as well. Also, we present its applications in information theory. At the end of this paper, we give a more general form of the proposed refinement of the Jensen inequality, associated to several functions.

Abstract By using new Green’s functions and Lidstone interpolating polynomial, some new generalizations of Levinson type inequalities for (2p+1) $(2p+1)$-convex functions are obtained. In seek of applications of our results to information theory, new generalizations based on f-divergence estimates are also proven. Moreover, some inequalities for Shannon entropies are deduced as well.

The objective of this paper is to derive the bounds of fractional integral operators which contain Mittag-Leffler functions in the kernels. By using (s,m)-convex functions bounds of these operators are evaluated which lead to obtain their boundedness and continuity. Moreover the presented results can be used to get various results for known fractional integrals and functions deducible from (s,m)-convexity. Also a version of Hadamard type inequality is established for (s,m)-convex functions via generalized fractional integrals.

Abstract In this paper, Levinson type inequalities are studied for the class of higher order convex functions by using Abel–Gontscharoff interpolation. Cebyšev, Grüss, and Ostrowski-type new bounds are also found for the functionals involving data points of two types.

Abstract We present some fundamental results and definitions regarding Jensen’s inequality with the aim of obtaining new generalizations of cyclic refinements of Jensen’s inequality from convex to higher order convex functions using Taylor’s formula. We discuss the monotonicity of functionals for n-convex functions at a point. Applications of our work include new bounds for some important inequalities used in information theory.

Abstract In the presented paper, Levinson’s inequality for 3-convex function is generalized by using two Green’s functions. Čebyšev, Grüss, and Ostrowski-type new bounds are found for the functionals involving data points of two types. Moreover, the main results are applied to information theory via f-divergence, Rényi divergence, Rényi entropy, Shannon entropy, and Zipf–Mandelbrot law.

Abstract In the presented paper, Levinson’s inequality for the 3-convex function is generalized by using two Green functions. Čebyšev-, Grüss- and Ostrowski-type new bounds are found for the functionals involving data points of two types. Moreover, the main results are applied to information theory via the f-divergence, the Rényi divergence, the Rényi entropy, the Shannon entropy and the Zipf–Mandelbrot law.

Abstract By using generalized Montgomery identity and Green functions we proved several identities which assist in developing connections with Steffensen’s inequality. Under the assumptions of n-convexity and n-concavity many inequalities, which generalize Steffensen’s inequality, inequalities from (Fahad et al. in J. Math. Inequal. 9:481–487, 2015; Pečarić in Southeast Asian Bull. Math. 13:89–91, 1989; Rabier in Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 140:665–675, 2012), and their reverse, have been proved. Generalization of some inequalities (and their reverse) which are related to Hardy-type inequality (Fahad et al. in J. Math. Inequal. 9:481–487, 2015) have also been proved. New bounds of Ostrowski and Grüss type inequalities have been developed. Moreover, we formulate generalized Steffensen-type linear functionals and prove their monotonicity for the generalized class of (n+1) $(n+1)$-convex functions at a point. At the end, we present some applications of our study to the theory of exponentially convex functions.

Abstract In this paper, we present some interesting results related to the bounds of the Shannon and the Zipf–Mandelbrot entropies. Further, we define linear functionals and present their properties. We also construct new family of exponentially convex functions and Cauchy-type means.

In this paper we provide many new results involving Opial type inequalities. We consider two functions—one is convex and the other is concave—and prove a new general inequality on a measure space (Ω,Σ,μ). We give an new result involving four new Green functions. Our results include Grüss and Ostrowski type inequalities related to the generalized Opial type inequality. The obtained inequalities are of Opial type because the integrals contain the function and its integral representation. They are not a direct generalization of the Opial inequality.

In this paper, we obtain some new weighted Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities for (n+2)−convex functions by utilizing generalizations of Steffensen’s inequality via Taylor’s formula.

We generalize Jensen’s integral inequality for real Stieltjes measure by using Montgomery identity under the effect of n−convex functions; also, we give different versions of Jensen’s discrete inequality along with its converses for real weights. As an application, we give generalized variants of Hermite–Hadamard inequality. Montgomery identity has a great importance as many inequalities can be obtained from Montgomery identity in q−calculus and fractional integrals. Also, we give applications in information theory for our obtained results, especially for Zipf and Hybrid Zipf–Mandelbrot entropies.

In this paper, with the help of Hermite interpolating polynomial, extension of Jensen’s functional for n-convex function is deduced from Jensen’s inequality involving diamond integrals. Special Hermite conditions, including Taylor two-point formula and Lagrange’s interpolation, are also deployed to find further extensions of Jensen’s functional. The paper also includes discussion on bounds for Grüss-type inequality, Ostrowski-type inequality, and C˘ebyšev functional associated with newly defined Jensen’s functional.

In this paper we give a new refinement of the Lah–Ribarič inequality and, using the same technique, we give a refinement of the Jensen inequality. Using these results, a refinement of the discrete Hölder inequality and a refinement of some inequalities for discrete weighted power means and discrete weighted quasi-arithmetic means are obtained. We also give applications in the information theory; namely, we give some interesting estimations for the discrete Csiszár divergence and for its important special cases.

Abstract The main aim of this paper is to give an improvement of the recent result on the sharpness of the Jensen inequality. The results given here are obtained using different Green functions and considering the case of the real Stieltjes measure, not necessarily positive. Finally, some applications involving various types of f-divergences and Zipf–Mandelbrot law are presented.

Abstract In this paper some Bellman–Steffensen type inequalities are generalized for positive measures. Using sublinearity of a class of convex functions and Jensen’s inequality, nonnormalized versions of Steffensen’s inequality are obtained. Further, linear functionals, from obtained Bellman–Steffensen type inequalities, are produced and their action on families of exponentially convex functions is studied.