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The CERN Proton Irradiation Facility (IRRAD) is a reference facility in high-energy physics for the qualification of detectors, material, and electronic components against radiation. A proton beam with a momentum of 24 GeV/c is delivered from the CERN PS accelerator to IRRAD and impinges on the components being tested, placed on remotely controlled moveable stages. This equipment, operated by dedicated control systems, allows for the precise positioning of components in or out of the beam and facilitates the handling of irradiated components, while minimising the radiation received by the IRRAD operators. Originally, the implementation of the Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) of the IRRAD control system was based on proprietary software, thus limiting it to specific operating system. To address the issues linked to such dependencies in terms of openness, ease of development and access to state-of-the-art technologies new GUIs have been designed and developed with open-license cross-platform software. In this paper, the IRRAD control system software architecture is detailed, and the lessons learned while implementing these new feature-rich GUIs are presented., Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Emerging Technologies and Scientific Facilities Controls, PCaPAC2022, Dolní Brežany, Czech Republic

We introduce mech.v, a new framework for the specification and verification of mechanisms, implemented using the Coq interactive theorem prover and the Mathematical Components library. We provide a general definition of mechanism, a subclass capturing auctions, and a few examples of auctions including three notions of Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG), proving their main incentive properties such as truthfulness with reasonable verification effort. We define and prove some more lemmas and definitions usually found in the mechanism design (MD) literature such as Pareto-optimality, rationality, dominance and Nash equilibria. We also define a mechanism refinement system, which we use to relate the implementation of an efficient version of the VCG mechanism for an online advertisement auction to the general VCG specification, allowing us to transfer the truthfulness property from the generic proof. We hope that our library can be useful as a formally verified, unambiguous reference with applications ranging from verification of deployed mechanism to education, and that this is a first step to gather interesting results and definitions from the MD literature to eventually provide a comprehensive mechanically formalized reference.

International audience; The second generation of blockchains introduces the notion of "smart contract" to decentralized ledgers, but with each new blockchain system comes di erent consensus mechanisms or di erent approaches on how to assess the cost of computation inside the chain, both aspects that a ect the e ciency of the systems as a decentralized computer. We present an experimental comparison of two blockchain systems, namely Ethereum and Tezos, from the perspective of smart contracts, centered around the same implementation of a VCG for Sponsored Search auction algorithm, respectively encoded in Solidity and SmartPy. Our analysis shows the feasibility of implementing an algorithm for sponsored search in such an environment while providing information on how useful these systems can be for this type of smart contracts.

International audience; Une méthodologie de formation des enseignants et personnels d'éducation intégrant la passerelle secondaire-supérieure dans le domaine pluridisciplinaire du design social afin de développer l'esprit critique de l'élève citoyen.

International audience; The upcoming High-Luminosity upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) and the R&D on future accelerators (FCC) require radiation hardness tests and qualification of tracking and calorimetry detector components as well as muon gas detectors. The reference facilities at CERN for this kind of irradiation tests are the East Area Proton Irradiation Facility (IRRAD) and the North Area Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++).In the first part of this presentation, the key steps for performing an irradiation experiment (preparation, execution, dosimetry, samples logistic & results availability) will be reviewed in the light of the new IRRAD Data Manager (IDM) web application developed for this purpose. The new infrastructure, control system, hardware, and software components being upgraded and available to the IRRAD users after the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) will also be presented. Finally, a comprehensive data model for irradiation experiments, pre-requisite for developing common software tools for the irradiation facilities community at large, and a milestone for the forthcoming R&D activities within the EU-funded AIDAinnova project will be also discussed.In the second part a short summary of the recent improvements at the GIF++ will be presented. The facility was operational with the gamma source throughout the long shutdown 2, when the workload of the facility has even increased due to several mass-production tests. We give an overview of the current test programs, the various upgrades to the facility during the LS2, the available infrastructure and plans to enhance the muon beam intensity and availability before the next SPS proton run. Possible upgrades to the facility during LS3 or beyond will be outlined.

International audience; We present the first use of a Time-Reversal Mirror (TRM) for near-ultrasonic indoor communication and discuss its advantages over existing techniques. For indoor applications where radio-frequency telecommunications are not suitable, acoustic solutions can indeed be a viable alternative. In this work, we experimentally evaluate the performance of a new acoustic communication system operating between the audible spectrum and near-ultrasounds, a range seldom studied for communication purposes. This choice allows us to take advantage of consumer transceivers while limiting users' hearing discomfort. To design a robust communication system and improve its overall bit rate, we combine a linear-frequency-modulation spread-spectrum technique and TRM. For testing purposes , we have developed a prototype array of speaker-microphones and implemented a TRM-based communication protocol. We first characterize this TRM device in an anechoic chamber. We then evaluate its focusing effectiveness in typical indoor environments and receiver-transmitter configurations. The quality of transmission is assessed via measurements of bit-error rates, with and without TRM, as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio. We also study how indirect paths impact communication robustness during changes in the environment. Finally, we present a concrete communication application between our TRM device and a consumer device, namely a smartphone.

International audience; The Tala Sound research project intends to study how Indian carnatic music can be used for healthcare purposes. We present here the results of the first phase of Tala Sound, which had two main goals: (1) to analyze how such a non-European music is received by an audience of demented elderly patients of European culture and (2), if this reception is positive, to compare the impact of this music on another audience, with no dementia disorders.In practice, the first part of this study involves offering patients with severe dementia simple listening sessions. Over a 3-month period, we observed, quantified and analyzed the behaviors of these patients when performing passive indoor listening of «talas», which are carnatic rhythms, with additional melodic sounds, used in classical South Indian music. The participation of the medical profession was fundamental during our musical tests for reasons of patient safety, operational facilitation and scientific relevance. Our study was accompanied and directed by a geriatrician from Paul Brousse hospital (France), who also guided us on the pathology of the various patients.The second test was organized in a Domitys-managed accommodation facility for independent seniors in Villeneuve-le-Roi (France).

The IRRAD proton irradiation facility at CERN was built during the Long Shutdown 1 (LS1) to address the irradiation experiment needs of the community working for the High-Luminosity (HL) upgrade of the LHC. The present IRRAD is an upgrade of a historical service at CERN that, since the 90’s, exploits the high-intensity 24 GeV/c PS proton beam for radiation-hardness studies of detector, accelerator and semiconductor components and materials. During its first run (2015-2018), IRRAD provided a key service to the CERN community, with more than 2500 samples irradiated. IRRAD is operated via custom-made irradiation systems, beam diagnostics and data management tools. During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2), IRRAD will undergo several upgrades in order to cope also with new requirements arising for projects beyond the HL-LHC. In this paper, we (1) describe the various hardware and software equipment developed for IRRAD, and (2) present the main challenges encountered during the first years of operation, which have driven most of the improvements planned for LS2 such as applying machine-learning techniques in the processing and real-time analysis of beam profile data., Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, ICALEPCS2019, New York, NY, USA

International audience

The Proton Irradiation Facility (IRRAD) is a reference facility at CERN for characterizing detectors and other accelerator components against radiation. To ensure reliable facility operations and smooth experimental data handling, a new IRRAD Data Manager (IDM) web application has been developed and first used during the last facility run before the CERN Long Shutdown 2. Following best practices in User Experience design, IDM provides a user-friendly interface that allows both users to handle their samples’ data and the facility operators to manage and coordinate the experiments more efficiently. Based on the latest web technologies such as Django, JQuery and Semantic UI, IDM is characterized by its minimalistic design and functional robustness. In this paper, we present the key features of IDM, our design choices and its overall software architecture. Moreover, we discuss scalability and portability opportunities for IDM in order to cope with the requirements of other irradiation facilities., Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, ICALEPCS2019, New York, NY, USA

Detectors and electronic components in High-Energy Physics experiments are nowadays often exposed to harsh radiation environments. Thus, to insure reliable operation over time, their radiation tolerance must be assessed beforehand through dedicated testing experiments in irradiation facilities. To prevent data loss and perform accurate experiments, these facilities need to rely upon a proper data management system. In prior work, we provided a formal description of the key concepts involved in the data management of irradiation experiments using an ontology (IEDM)*. In this work, we show how this formalisation effort has a practical by-product via the introduction of an ontology-based methodology for the automatic generation of web applications, using IEDM as a use case. Moreover, we also compare this IEDM-generated web application to the IRRAD Data Manager (IDM), the manually developed web application used for the data handling of the CERN Proton Irradiation facility (IRRAD). Our approach should allow irradiation facility teams to gain access to state-of-the-art data management tools without incurring significant software development effort., Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, ICALEPCS2019, New York, NY, USA

International audience; Blerina.Gkotse@cern.ch www.linkedin.com/in/blerinagkotse AIDA-2020 AIDA-2020 is an EU-funded project about Advanced European Infrastructures for Detectors at Accelerators involving about 60 institutes in 24 EU countries. Within this project, the Work Package 15 (WP15) deals with beam and irradiation test facilities, infrastructures dedicated to the qualification of particle detectors, materials, and components prior to their installation in High-Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. In this paper, we present the contributions of our team at CERN to the WP15 activities. These activities involve online databases of irradiation and test beam facilities, a dedicated web application for the data management of the CERN proton irradiation facility (IRRAD) and an ontology for irradiation experiments and their data management (IEDM). AIDA-2020 WP15 Goals Irradiation Experiment Data Management ontology (IEDM):  Experiments, samples, users and dosimeters registration  Real-time follow-up of irradiation experiments  Computation of proton interaction parameters  Display and archive of dosimetry results  User Interface preferences customization  History and details of past experiments (with user permission) Online documentation with Widoco http://cern.ch/iedm Ontology representation with Protégé https://gitlab.cern.ch/bgkotse/iedm Graph representation of some core IEDM entities and properties IEDM includes concepts of data management of irradiation experiments extending classes from the Ontology of Scientific Experiments (EXPO), the Units of Measure ontology (OM) and the Friend-of-a-Friend ontology (FOAF).

International audience; Nous présentons une analyse du déroulé temporel d'une "recherche par le design" interdisciplinaire en cours, afin d’en exhiber les retombées méthodologiques. Ce cas concerne le développement, pour des patients Alzheimer, d'un système sonore à visée médicale conçu autour de rythmes, ou talas, indiens carnatiques. Notre conclusion est qu’une nouvelle approche méthodologique de la recherche par le design pourrait se fonder sur la création de liens sociaux forts entre tous les intervenants des domaines de recherche impliqués. Cette proposition d'universalisme de l'Humain sous-entend que ce type de projet présenterait les caractéristiques d’un design social, introduisant des synergies entre des disciplines non corrélées comme, dans le cas d’étude Tala Sound évoqué ici, la santé, l'anthropologie, le social, l’enseignement et l'ingénierie.

Communication pour la conférence UMAP 19, Larnaca, Juin 2019; We introduce An Unscented Hound for Working Memory (AUHWM), a new framework for the real-time tracking of human Working Memory (WM) that can be used to adapt computer interfaces to users' available cognitive resources. WM is the part of human cog-nition responsible for the short term storing and handling of information ; it can, in stressful situations, under information overload, or when suffering from dementia-like diseases, become severely limited, possibly leading to poor decision making. Our preliminary results suggest that AUHWM can provide a precise and timely assessment of WM capacity, so that the cognitive load a specific task imposes on users can be adapted, e.g., at the User Interface (UI) level. AUHWM is based on a low-level stochastic discrete model of human WM dynamics, implemented as a Gradient-Boosting-derived deterministic algorithm that simulates users' oblivion. AUHWM also performs Unscented Kalman filtering to track users' WM-specific parameters in real time, thus providing a dynamic assessment of their cognitive resources. Our approach has been tested and validated using data collected from Match 2 s, a visual memory game played by 18 users in another study. Going beyond real-time WM tracking, AUHWM is intended to also be used for WM prediction, paving the way to the adaptation of tasks and their UIs in real time as a function of users' cognitive abilities; we detail an example of such an adapted system, and provide experimental evidence this approach has the potential to lead to enhanced WM-adapted UIs in the future.

International audience

La notion d'écoute sous-entend un certain état de détente, de posture adéquate, par rapport à un auditoire ou une communauté. Elle peut être méditative, contemplative ou régénérative de souvenirs, comme l'étaient, par exemple, la première chanson que nous avions chantée à tue-tête avec des amis ou cette petite ligne mélodique qui nous évoque un environnement chargé des parfums de notre enfance. Sous nos latitudes, cette musique régénératrice (analepse musicale) est très souvent européenne, française ou américaine, et très rarement asiatique ou indienne. S'il existe certes un certain métissage musical induit par des sonorités étrangères (penser par exemple au Love You To des Beatles), ces influences n'ont pas fondamentalement altéré la pratique musicale occidentale ; la musique empruntée y devient simplement impure , par méconnaissance sonore, n'apparaissant bien souvent que sous forme de simples clichés colorés. La maladie d'Alzheimer, ou autres démences apparentées, est caractérisée par la présence de déficiences cognitives qui atteignent de manière préférentielle, dans un premier temps, la mémoire à court terme. Pour ce qui concerne la mémoire à long terme, ce sont les réminiscences musicales qui, pour une raison encore non clairement élucidée, restent le plus longtemps accessibles aux patients. La musicothérapie utilise cette caractéristique de ces pathologies pour aider les patients à maintenir autant que possible contact avec leurs proches, familiaux ou de communauté de vie. Elle se fonde tout naturellement sur les habitudes musicales, essentiellement européennes donc, des populations impactées. L'objectif global de la présente recherche est de découvrir dans quelle mesure l'écoute de musiques extra-européennes peut avoir un impact positif dans le traitement des démences, dans une population a priori peu exposée à ces sons inhabituels. D'un point de vue fondamental, notre étude participe donc, de manière générale, de l'ensemble des travaux visant à mieux comprendre les fondements cognitifs humains. De plus, d'un point de vue pratique, notre recherche relève du cadre du design sonore médical

International audience; Après avoir motivé la nécessité d’introduire des outils interactifs pour l’enseignement en informatique musicale et, plus généralement, dans les disciplines scientifiques, nous décrivons jsCoq, notre nouvelle interface utilisateur pour le logiciel de preuve mathématique Coq. Cet outil fournit aux enseignants un moyen efficace pour concevoir et mettre en œuvre des cours qui combinent textes, audio, images et preuve interactive de théorèmes. Nous présentons deux études de cas d’utilisation dans le domaine audio et les résultats d’une évaluation de jsCoq sur le terrain.

International audience; This article summarizes our current studies aiming at a better understanding of the energy consumption of a microprocessor during the execution of an application through a combination of theoretical results and experimental validations, The analysis of the transient thermal behavior and energy gains (ranging from 20 to 40% in some cases) via the adaptation of the clock frequency are of obvious practical interest. A general Passive Cooling Rule (PCR) for an isothermal object subjected to radiation, convection and internal heat generation is proposed. This power-temperature model is observed on an Exynos 5410 processor. Several approximations to this cooling rule are formulated for practical use, particularly online. They are accompanied by general rules for assessing when passive cooling becomes non-negligible compared to active cooling in embedded systems. On another hand, a theoretical framework for the existence of an Energy/Frequency Convexity Rule (EFCR) of program consumption is established. It is validated both by the state of the art and by experimental measurements where the impacts of variation of multiple parameters are studied. Power requirement models are then explained for the Exynos 5410 integrating the clock frequency, temperature and number of active cores. The novelty of these models is that they take into account certain characteristics of the running programs and that they can be directly reused in any simulation for other processors of similar architecture.

International audience; CONTEXT : The FAUST programming language has proven to be well suited to implement physical models of music instruments using waveguides and model synthesis. We developed two tools allowing to easily generate FAUST modal physical models: 1. ir2dsp.py takes the audio file of an impulse response and converts it into a FAUST program implementing the corresponding modal physical model; 2. mesh2dsp.py outputs the same type of model from a .stl file specifying a 3D object. FAUST MODAL PHYSICAL MODEL : Linear percussion instruments can be implemented using banks of resonant bandpass filters. Each filter implements one mode of the system and is configured with 3 parameters : the frequency of the mode, its gain and its resonance duration (t60). Its FAUST version, modeFilter below, uses a biquad filter (tf2) and computes its poles and zeroes for a given frequency and t60. Modal physical models are implemented using multiple parallel (par in FAUST) instances of mode calls. The FAUST-generated block diagram corresponding to such an implementation is presented below (we used arbitrary parameters here). mode(100)(0.9f)(0.9f) mode(200)(0.8f)(0.9f) mode(300)(0.6f)(0.5f) mode(400)(0.5f)(0.6f) process Such a model can be excited by a filtered noise impulse. White Noise Lowpass Highpass Envelope To ModelIR2DSP.PY AND MESH2FAUST: ir2dsp.py takes an audio file and extracts modal physical model-based information for each mode: frequency and gain, by carrying out peak detection; t60, by measuring bandwidth at-3 dB. A FAUST file is then generated. With this tool, one can strike any object, record the resulting sound and turn it into a playable digital instrument. mesh2dsp.py gives the same output, using a .stl file (describing a 3D object) as input, as follows: • conversion of the input object to a mesh; • Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using the Elmer package, with the Young modulus, Poisson coefficient and density of the material as parameters: • frequency and gain computation from eigenvalues and mass participation for each mode; • t60 values input (these values cannot be computed by this method unfortunately, so they are user-provided parameters). EVALUATION : Spectrograms of (a) the recording of the IR of a can and (b) its ir2dsp.py-generated modal physical model: (a) (b) The original and synthesized sound representations are relatively close (but see Future Directions).FUTURE DIRECTIONS We plan to improve ir2dsp.py by using a better t60 measurement algorithm. For now, the calculation is done by measuring the band-width for each peak, while it would be a better approach to extract it from a time-frequency representation of the signal. Regarding mesh2dsp.py, we would like to try other open-source packages than Elmer to carry out FEA.