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Abstract Background Solanum lycopersicum, an economically important crop grown worldwide, has been used as a model for the study of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in non-legume plants for several years and several cDNA array hybridization studies have revealed specific transcriptomic profiles of mycorrhizal tomato roots. However, a method to easily screen candidate genes which could play an important role during tomato mycorrhization is required. Results We have developed an optimized procedure for composite tomato plant obtaining achieved through Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. This protocol involves the unusual in vitro culture of composite plants between two filter papers placed on the culture media. In addition, we show that DsRed is an appropriate molecular marker for the precise selection of cotransformed tomato hairy roots. S. lycopersicum composite plant hairy roots appear to be colonized by the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis in a manner similar to that of normal roots, and a modified construct useful for localizing the expression of promoters putatively associated with mycorrhization was developed and tested. Conclusions In this study, we present an easy, fast and low-cost procedure to study AM symbiosis in tomato roots.

Objectives. To determine the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms among medical students in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated factors. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study in 270 medical students from a Peruvian public university. Participants were recruited through non-probability sampling. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Scale (Y-BOCS). After the descriptive analysis, Poisson regression with robust variance was used to determine the factors associated with probable obsessive compulsive disorder (probable OCD). The crude (PRc) and adjusted (PRa) prevalence ratios were calculated, along with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results. The prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms was 13.3% in medical students. During bivariate analysis, students with probable OCD were younger (p=0.044) and had a lower level of knowledge about COVID-19 (p=0.045). The crude model showed a lower prevalence of probable OCD among those with an adequate level of knowledge compared to those with an inadequate level (PR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.98). However, after adjusting for other variables, none of the described variables were statistically significant. Conclusions. One in ten medical students presented clinically significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Implementing future interventions is crucial to preserve the mental well-being of this vulnerable population.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of the transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles and collaborative integrative behavior of the team with respect to organizational ambidexterity (the combination of exploration and exploitation learning) in university research groups. Design/methodology/approach: From a survey conducted with a sample of 506 researchers, members of 165 research groups, working in an emerging economy, a multiple regression model analysis was performed. Findings: Findings of this study provide evidence that the coordinator's transformational leadership and the collaborative integrative behavior of the team positively influence organizational ambidexterity of research groups. Transactional leadership and laissez-faire style do not show any significant influence. Originality/value: This study addresses the lack of knowledge regarding organizational learning in research groups to explore and exploit knowledge through research result transfer processes based on the organizational ambidexterity logic in higher education institutions (HEIs) from emerging economies. The study aims to contribute to the literature on leadership styles and ambidexterity in HEIs in emerging economies, particularly in Latin America, where there is still a scarcity of research on the attributes of effective leadership.

Objective: The objective of this article is to present an in-depth exploration of a transition into an emerging market, a phenomenon that is increasingly relevant in international business scholarship. We scrutinised the transformation of Colombia’s status in the global economic landscape, particularly focusing on the pivotal role of foreign direct investment (FDI) and the interplay of various economic, political, and social factors that have influenced this journey. The study uniquely positions Colombia within the broader context of emerging markets, comparing similar transitions in other countries and analysing how global economic trends, such as commodity price fluctuations and financial crises, have shaped its trajectory. Research Design & Methods: Utilising a qualitative research approach, we delved into a comprehensive literature review, expert interviews, and analysis of historical and mass media data to provide a nuanced understanding of the evolution of FDI in Colombia. Findings: The findings revealed a complex and multifaceted narrative, highlighting Colombia’s initial challenges and subsequent strides towards becoming an attractive destination for international investors. We discussed the correlation between FDI, exports, and GDP growth, offering insights into the country’s economic development and positioning within the global economy. Thus, the study contributes to the field of emerging markets by analysing a nation’s transformation towards becoming an attractive destination for investment considering different internal and external factors. Implications & Recommendations: This article contributes to the international entrepreneurship literature by providing a detailed case study of Colombia’s transformation, underscoring the importance of a holistic approach to understanding the process of becoming an emerging market. Contribution & Value Added: It offers valuable perspectives for policymakers, investors, and scholars interested in the dynamics of emerging economies and their integration into the global economic system.

Abstract Background Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are responsible for shaping the repertoires of T cells, where their postnatal regeneration depends on a subset of clonogenic TECs. Despite the implications for regenerative medicine, their cultivation and expansion remain challenging. Primary explant cell culture is a technique that allows the seeding and expansion of difficult-to-culture cells. Here, we report a reliable and simple culture system to obtain functional TECs and thymic interstitial cells (TICs). Methods To establish primary thymic explants, we harvested 1 mm cleaned fragments of thymus from 5-week-old C57/BL6 mice. Tissue fragments of a complete thymic lobe were placed in the center of a Petri dish with 1 mL of DMEM/F-12 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin‒streptomycin. To compare, thymic explants were also cultivated by using serum-free DMEM/F-12 medium supplemented with 10% KnockOut™. Results We obtained high numbers of functional clonogenic TECs and TICs from primary thymic explants cultivated with DMEM/F-12 with 20% FBS. These cells exhibited a highly proliferative and migration profile and were able to constitute thymospheres. Furthermore, all the subtypes of medullary TECs were identified in this system. They express functional markers to shape T-cell and type 2 innate lymphoid cells repertoires, such as Aire, IL25, CCL21 and CD80. Finally, we also found that ≥ 70% of lineage negative TICs expressed high amounts of Aire and IL25. Conclusion Thymic explants are an efficient method to obtain functional clonogenic TECs, all mTEC subsets and different TICs Aire+IL25+ with high regenerative capacity.

El presente ensayo socava en la intersección entre la Inteligencia Artificial (IA), el diseño visual y las artes visuales, donde se explora de manera crítica el cómo la IA está transformando la producción artística, especialmente en el contexto del diseño visual generativo. A través de un análisis se examinan las implicaciones éticas de la IA en el arte, cuestionando nociones tradicionales de autoría y originalidad. Se considera la colaboración entre humanos y máquinas en la creación artística y se destacan las tendencias actuales en este campo. El ensayo se esfuerza por profundizar en la comprensión de cómo la IA está moldeando la cultura visual contemporánea y cómo los artistas y diseñadores encuentran en la emergencia de esta tecnología una posibilidad de creación a la vez que cuestiona los métodos tradicionales de producción

Three-dimensional cell cultures have improved the evaluation of drugs for cancer therapy, due to their high similarity to solid tumors. In melanoma, autophagy appears to show a dual role depending on the progression of the disease. p62 protein has been proposed for the evaluation of autophagic flux since its expression is an indicator of the state of autophagy. Pentoxifylline (PTX) and Norcantharidin (NCTD) are drugs that have been shown to possess anticancer effects. In this work, we used B16F1 mouse melanoma cells in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures and three-dimensional (3D) spheroids to test the effect of PTX and NCTD over the p62 expression. We analyzed the effect on p62 expression through Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Our results indicate that PTX decreases p62 expression in both cell culture models, while Norcantharidin increases its expression in 3D cultures at 24 h. Therefore, these drugs could have a potential therapeutic use for the regulation of autophagy in melanoma, depending on the state of evolution of the disease.

Safety and prevention of injuries should always be considered in a firefighting environment due to the hazardous conditions experienced on the fireground. These hazardous environmental conditions lead to an increased risk of contracting job-related injuries and illnesses. This review article focuses on evaluating from a statistical perspective the potential solutions found in the literature and how they decrease the likelihood and impact of occupational firefighting injuries. Investigating, identifying, and prioritizing the most common activities leading to injury, the nature of injury, and the body parts affected is a vital step in the implementation of preventive solutions. The scientific community has conducted various studies to evaluate the main injuries and injury profiles commonly suffered by firefighters. Researchers have conducted many independent studies on firefighter communities in the United States, while others have referenced national databases from sources such as the National Fire Protection Association, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Unfortunately, the results of these independent studies lacked standardization in survey categories and terminology, impairing the ability to obtain a clear consensus among studies on the primary nature of injuries, the body parts injured, and the activities contributing to these injuries. Consequently, this review article performed a comparative statistical analysis of published data between 1992 and 2020 to define and rank the most common work scenarios where firefighters were likely to be injured, the most common types of injuries, the parts of the body affected, and the activities that most contribute to United States firefighter injuries as documented in both national databases and independent research surveys. The statistical analysis consisted of determining the mean, standard deviation, confidence intervals (95%), and coefficients of variation for the reported data. The present study identified that despite the preventative measures taken by many organizations in the firefighting community, strains and sprains were still the leading type of injury reported from all the databases under this analysis.

Currently, tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that primarily affects the lungs. The severity of active pulmonary TB (APTB) is an important determinant of transmission, morbidity, mortality, disease experience, and treatment outcomes. Several publications have shown a high prevalence of disabling complications in individuals who have had severe APTB. Furthermore, certain strains of Mtb were associated with more severe disease outcomes. The use of biomarkers to predict severe APTB patients who are candidates for host-directed therapies, due to the high risk of developing post-tuberculous lung disease (PTLD), has not yet been implemented in the management of TB patients. We followed 108 individuals with APTB for 6 months using clinical tools, flow cytometry, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The median age of the study population was 26.5 years, and the frequency of women was 53.7%. In this study, we aimed to identify biomarkers that could help us to recognize individuals with APTB and improve our understanding of the immunopathology in these individuals. In this study, we conducted a follow-up on the treatment progress of 121 cases of APTB. The follow-up process commenced at the time of diagnosis (T0), continued with a control visit at 2 months (T2), and culminated in an exit appointment at 6 months following the completion of medical treatment (T6). People classified with severe APTB showed significantly higher levels of IL-6 (14.7 pg/mL; p < 0.05) compared to those with mild APTB (7.7 pg/mL) at T0. The AUCs for the ROC curves and the Matthews correlation coefficient values (MCC) demonstrate correlations ranging from moderate to very strong. We conducted WGS on 88 clinical isolates of Mtb, and our analysis revealed a total of 325 genes with insertions and deletions (Indels) within their coding regions when compared to the Mtb H37Rv reference genome. The pattern of association was found between serum levels of CHIT1 and the presence of Indels in Mtb isolates from patients with severe APTB. A key finding in our study was the high levels of CHIT1 in severe APTB patients. We identified a biomarker profile (IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-33, and CHIT1) that allows us to identify individuals with severe APTB, as well as the identification of a panel of polymorphisms (125) in clinical isolates of Mtb from individuals with severe APTB. Integrating these findings into a predictive model of severity would show promise for the management of APTB patients in the future, to guide host-directed therapy and reduce the prevalence of PTLD.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is still one of the primary pathogens of humans causing tuberculosis (TB) disease. Mtb embraces nine well-defined phylogenetic lineages with biological and geographical disparities. The lineage L4 is the most globally widespread of all lineages and was introduced to America with European colonization. Taking advantage of many genome projects available in public repositories, we undertake an evolutionary and comparative genomic analysis of 522 L4 Latin American Mtb genomes. Initially, we performed careful quality control of public read datasets and applied several thresholds to filter out low-quality data. Using a genome de novo assembly strategy and phylogenomic methods, we spotted novel south American clades that have not been revealed yet. Additionally, we describe genomic deletion profiles of these strains from an evolutionary perspective and report Mycobacterium tuberculosis L4 sublineages signature-like gene deletions, some of the novel. One is a specific deletion of 6.5 kbp that is only present in sublineage 4.1.2.1. This deletion affects a complex group of 10 genes with putative products annotated, among others, as a lipoprotein, transmembrane protein, and toxin/antitoxin system proteins. The second novel deletion spans for 4.9 kbp and specific of a particular clade of the 4.8 sublineage and affects 7 genes. The last novel deletion affects 4 genes, extends for 4.8 kbp., and is specific to some strains within the 4.1.2.1 sublineage that are present in Colombia, Peru and Brasil.

Tití gris (Saguinus leucopus) es un primate endémico de Colombia, categorizado como vulnerable (VU) según la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN). La especie posee hábitos omnívoros y se caracteriza por el consumo de frutos blandos e insectos. En esta nota, reportamos un evento de depredación de este primate sobre un polluelo de gallina americana o gallina kika, a partir de un registro fotográfico en el municipio de Victoria, Caldas, Colombia.

Previous research has shown that subjective underemployment is inversely associated to job satisfaction, psychological well-being and health. To our knowledge, the current is the first study that explores subjective underemployment in under-graduates in Colombia. One hundred and forty-two workers participated in a correlational, and comparative study. Results replicated previous findings: as subjective underemployment perception increased, job satisfaction and general life satisfac-tion decreased. Significant differences were found in the indicators of job satisfaction and general life satisfaction among those who perceive underemployment and those who do not. Finally, the potential role of subjective underemployment on employees’ health is discussed.

Introducción: A pesar de la eficiencia comprobada de los sistemas de gestión de aprendizaje (SGA), su éxito dependerá del uso y aceptación del estudiantado. Por eso es imprescindible entender la interrelación de factores que determinan su utilización para diseñar estrategias, acciones e iniciativas efectivas que los promuevan. Objetivo. Analizar los factores para la aceptación y uso de un SGA en estudiantado universitario ecuatoriano. Metodología. La muestra final consistió en 304 estudiantes de cuatro carreras de una universidad privada, quienes llenaron un cuestionario diseñado con base en el modelo de aceptación tecnológica derivado de la teoría de la acción razonada. Se analizó la confiabilidad y validez del instrumento para luego emplear la técnica de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales por el método de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM). Resultados. El instrumento presentó una consistencia interna adecuada y una estructura tetrafactorial. Los resultados sugieren que la autoeficacia computacional influye positivamente en la facilidad de uso y utilidad percibida. Estas, a su vez, afectan la actitud respecto al uso, la cual influye directamente en el uso del sistema. Conclusión. El modelo de aceptación tecnológica es adecuado para estudiar los factores respecto al uso de los SGA. En promedio, el estudiantado percibe que el sistema es fácil de aprender y usar, pero representa poco beneficio. Dada la influencia de la autoeficacia computacional en el modelo propuesto, se recomienda tomar acciones para incrementar la exposición del alumnado a dispositivos tecnológicos y fomentar la automotivación por afianzar sus habilidades en estos.

Abstract Purpose Ra-223 dichloride (223Ra, Xofigo®) is used for treatment of patients suffering from castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. The objective of this work was to apply the most recent biokinetic model for radium and its progeny to show their radiopharmacokinetic behaviour. Organ absorbed doses after intravenous injection of 223Ra were estimated and compared to clinical data and data of an earlier modelling study. Methods The most recent systemic biokinetic model of 223Ra and its progeny, developed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), as well as the ICRP human alimentary tract model were applied for the radiopharmacokinetic modelling of Xofigo® biodistribution in patients after bolus administration. Independent kinetics were assumed for the progeny of 223Ra. The time activity curves for 223Ra were modelled and the time integrated activity coefficients, a ~ r S T D , $$ \overset{\sim }{a}\left({r}_S,{T}_D\right), $$ in the source regions for each progeny were determined. For estimating the organ absorbed doses, the Specific Absorbed Fractions (SAF) and dosimetric framework of ICRP were used together with the aforementioned a ~ r S T D $$ \overset{\sim }{a}\left({r}_S,{T}_D\right) $$ values. Results The distribution of 223Ra after injection showed a rapid plasma clearance and a low urinary excretion. Main elimination was via faeces. Bone retention was found to be about 30% at 4 h post-injection. Similar tendencies were observed in clinical trials of other authors. The highest absorbed dose coefficients were found for bone endosteum, liver and red marrow, followed by kidneys and colon. Conclusion The biokinetic modelling of 223Ra and its progeny may help to predict their distributions in patients after administration of Xofigo®. The organ dose coefficients of this work showed some variation to the values reported from clinical studies and an earlier compartmental modelling study. The dose to the bone endosteum was found to be lower by a factor of ca. 3 than previously estimated.

En el presente artículo nos concentramos en algunos de los postulados del romanticismo alemán para abordar la educación de la humanidad. Pese a ser propuestas escritas hace un par de siglos, las recogemos con el fin de hacer una crítica a ciertas concepciones contemporáneas sobre el conocimiento y la formación del individuo. Con esto, entonces, explicamos la necesidad de volver sobre tales pensadores y al reconocimiento del arte y la estética como fuente de la educación del ser humano. Hacemos, primero, una crítica al ideal ilustrado, el cual, asociado al capitalismo, reduce al individuo a una categoría mercantil implicado dentro de una constante lucha egoísta. Además, enseñamos a partir de Schiller, Lessing y otros autores la importancia de una educación estética, junto con el factor político y moral que rodea al arte, y que nos lleva a reconocerla como una disciplina vital dentro de la transformación y desarrollo de la humanidad.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder for which Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes are well identified as risk factors. SLE patients present different clinical phenotypes, which are partly explained by admixture patterns variation among Mexicans. Population genetic has insight into the high genetic variability of Mexicans, mainly described through HLA gene studies with anthropological and biomedical importance. A prospective, case-control study was performed. In this study, we recruited 146 SLE patients, and 234 healthy individuals were included as a control group; both groups were admixed Mexicans from Mexico City. The HLA typing methods were based on Next Generation Sequencing and Sequence-Based Typing (SBT). The data analysis was performed with population genetic programs and statistical packages. The admixture estimations based on HLA-B and -DRB1 revealed that SLE patients have a higher Southwestern European ancestry proportion (48 ± 8%) than healthy individuals (30 ± 7%). In contrast, Mexican Native American components are diminished in SLE patients (44 ± 1%) and augmented in Healthy individuals (63 ± 4%). HLA alleles and haplotypes’ frequency analysis found variants previously described in SLE patients from Mexico City. Moreover, a conserved extended haplotype that confers risk to develop SLE was found, the HLA-A∗29:02∼C∗16:01∼B∗44:03∼DRB1∗07:01∼DQB1∗02:02, pC = 0.02, OR = 1.41. Consistent with the admixture estimations, the origin of all risk alleles and haplotypes found in this study are European, while the protection alleles are Mexican Native American. The analysis of genetic distances supported that the SLE patient group is closer to the Southwestern European parental populace and farthest from Mexican Native Americans than healthy individuals. Heterogeneity of genetic admixture determines SLE susceptibility and protection in Mexicans. HLA sequencing is helpful to determine susceptibility alleles and haplotypes restricted to some populations.

Introducción. La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha señalado el incremento de riesgo suicida en personas de 15 a 44 años, grupo etario en el que se ubican los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo. Determinar prevalencias de conducta suicida y variables asociadas en estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima-Perú. Métodos. Estudio analítico, transversal. La población objetivo fue de 24 118 estudiantes matriculados en 2015. Se aplicaron los instrumentos de conducta suicida de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental en el Perú 2002 y 2012, las escalas de ansiedad y depresión de Zung y el cuestionario CAGE para problemas de alcohol, a una muestra de 1819 estudiantes obtenida mediante muestreo bietápico. Se estimaron prevalencias y se empleó regresión logística para determinar factores asociados. Resultados. Las prevalencias de vida, último año, últimos seis meses y último mes de los componentes de la conducta suicida fueron: deseos de morir (35%; 13,9%; 11% y 5,6%); ideación suicida (22,4%; 8,2%; 6% y 3,3%); plan suicida (17,7%; 4,4%; 3,5% y 1,6%); e intento suicida (11,1%; 3,7%; 2,8% y 1,4%). Los factores de riesgo en términos de odds ratio (OR) ajustados y sus IC 95% fueron: condición de mujer 1,48 (IC 95%: 1,03-2,12), depresión 2,46 (IC 95%: 1,49-4,06), angustia 2,5 (IC 95%: 1,38-4,6), y vivir en hogar no nuclear 2,51 (IC 95%: 1,70-3,72). De los estudiantes que intentaron suicidarse sólo 16% buscó ayuda profesional y 21% pensó repetir el intento. Conclusiones. Los estudiantes de la UNMSM tienen mayor riesgo de conducta suicida que los de la población en general, tanto por razones científicas como por responsabilidad moral se recomienda implementar estrategias de intervención para revertir esta tendencia y proteger a este valioso recurso humano.

La Comisión Internacional de Protección Radiológica, ICRP, propuso una nueva metodología para el cálculo de coeficientes de dosis para trabajador ocupacionalmente expuesto que cambia la propuesta en las publicaciones 60 y 78 de la misma comisión. En este trabajo se reprodujeron los valores AF para hombre adulto reportados en la publicación 100 de la ICRP utilizando el software MCNPx y se calcularon con la misma metodología los SAFs para los compartimentos del HATM de mujer adulta, para electrones monoenergéticos dentro del rango de energías de 0.01 a 4 MeV. Se calcularon los SAFs en phantom voxelizados para hombre y mujer adulto, cuya estructura anatómica se reporta en la publicación 110 de la misma Comisión, usando la misma metodología de cálculo con el software MCNPx. Con estos datos se calcularon los coeficientes h(50) y e(50) para incorporación única por ingestión del 90Sr – 90Y, dada su importancia dosimétrica. Se consideraron las fracciones de absorción en intestino delgado reportados por la ICRP 78 y la metodología recomendada por la publicación 103 de la ICRP, encontrando valores de e(50) menores que los reportados por la ICRP en sus publicaciones. Finalmente se comparan los valores obtenidos con los reportados por Wei Bo Li et al.

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el costo del plan agregado de fabricación de botellas de tereftalato de polietileno (PET) calculado mediante metodologías americana y europea para seis escenarios del plan agregado del proceso, cuya diferencia radica en la modificación de sus variables de decisión. Los pronósticos de la demanda se estimaron mediante el método Winters, los resultados de los planes agregados en la aplicación del caso de estudio se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación del método de la transformada inversa para una distribución uniforme. Se observa que el costo de producción del plan agregado por metodologías de autores europeos es mayor debido a que considera más variables como mano de obra y órdenes atrasadas que el enfoque americano no suma. Sin embargo, no se puede tomar una decisión si existen más o menos variables de costo ya que son los pronósticos los que dictan el rumbo.

Investigaciones previas sobre conducta suicida realizadas en estudiantes de medicina hallaron, como variable asociada, una alta prevalencia de vida (PV) de indicadores de conducta disocial. Tal resultado obliga a sospechar presencia de personalidad de este tipo en dicha población. Con el objetivo de aportar nuevos elementos que complementen los estudios previos, el presente artículo analiza el concepto de personalidad disocial y discute los resultados de un estudio piloto que evaluó su presencia en una muestra de alumnos recién ingresados a la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Se encontró que de 175 estudiantes, 33 resultaron positivos a indicadores de conducta disocial (19% de PV) durante una primera evaluación; de este grupo, 30 se presentaron a una segunda evaluación diagnóstica, de los cuales cinco superaron el punto de corte para personalidad disocial, y 11 obtuvieron puntaje de sospecha de tal desarrollo. Sobre estos resultados sugerimos que la universidad debiera aceptar la responsabilidad de continuar investigando esta área, crear intervenciones preventivo-terapéuticas tempranas e innovaciones curriculares para reducir el riesgo de producir profesionales tecnicamente bien entrenados pero con minusvalías morales.

El estudio del delito ha incorporado el análisis espacial como una causa relevante, y en este caso ayudó a determinar cómo los factores geográficos influyeron en la concentración del hurto de motocicletas en el Valle del Cauca. Para lograr este objetivo se adoptó una metodología mixta, que trianguló las técnicas de la econometría espacial con el grupo focal. El primero examinó 25 variables agrupadas en cinco ejes temáticos, que a través del uso de datos en panel y métodos estadísticos para selección de variables, se construyó el modelo de Mínimos Cuadrados con Variables Dummy (LSDV, por su sigla en inglés), para estimar relaciones de causación de siete variables representativas, con el hurto de motocicletas; la segunda se aplicó a dos grupos de trabajo realizados en Cali y Popayán, y se logró establecer el sistema criminal e identificar el destino y uso final de los rodantes. Los resultados mostraron que el delito tiene un comportamiento regional que involucra a este departamento y Cauca, su distribución no es aleatoria en el espacio, sino que depende de la vecindad de los municipios y la malla vial que los conecta, lo cual evidencia que las estrategias implementadas para contrarrestarlo no detectaron la expansión y adaptación del fenómeno a dicho contexto.

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la relación triádica entre la educación, psicología y neurociencias en el marco de la neuroeducación. Con este fin se llevó a cabo una exhaustiva revisión de la literatura más relevante en torno a la temática. Los precedentes históricos de la neuroeducación se pueden rastrear hasta la introducción del discurso psicológico en la educación, lo que posteriormente se transformó en la psicologización de la escuela. Discutiblemente, la irrupción de lo neuro en la cultura y el advenimiento de las nuevas neurosubjetividades acabaron por destronar a la psicología de su posición privilegiada en el espacio educativo. Bajo promesas de liberación, independencia y cientificidad, la neuroeducación prosperó precipitadamente sin atender a la multiplicidad de dificultades filosóficas, metodológicas y éticas que todavía la agobian. No obstante, la relación estructural entre psicología y neurociencias atisba la incapacidad de las últimas para desligarse del paradigma psi. Más aún, desde la contrapsicología, se puede argumentar que lo neuro, más que un estadio independiente, es una extensión de lo psi acondicionada a la época. Bajo este planteamiento, la neuroeducación no es una alternativa a la predominancia psicológica sino un retorno a ella que amenaza con la neurologización. Por ende, es imperativo que se revincule el aprendizaje a la cultura, se reconquisten los espacios educativos y se concientice a los maestros de su agencia para que la educación pueda, sin ignorar las valiosas aportaciones de las otras disciplinas, reconocerse a sí misma como un saber autónomo, eminentemente integrador e independiente.

En la producción de azúcar a partir de caña de azúcar se genera un subproducto denominado melaza, el cual es utilizado para la elaboración de alcohol carburante y este a su vez genera un nuevo residuo denominado vinaza. En promedio, se generan de 10 a 15 litros de vinaza por cada litro de alcohol producido. La vinaza tiene un alto contenido de materia orgánica y de micronutrientes que si no se manejan adecuadamente pueden contaminar el medio ambiente. Dentro de estos minerales se encuentra el potasio entre 10 y 18 mg/ml aproximadamente, el cual limita la utilización de la vinaza como fertilizante debido a que puede contaminar fuentes de agua y suelo con potasio y esto a su vez, restringe su utilización como componente en las formulaciones para concentrados de animales. Por tal razón, en el presente trabajo se realizó la disminución de potasio en vinazas provenientes de destilería de un ingenio azucarero de la región utilizando resina de intercambio catiónica fuerte y luego se utilizó una solución de ácido sulfúrico 4% como eluente para regenerar la resina de intercambio. Se obtuvo una disminución entre 97 – 98 % del contenido inicial del potasio en la vinaza y una recuperación de potasio (99%) como una solución de sulfato de potasio, la cual puede ser utilizada nuevamente como fertilizante líquido. La vinaza decationizada podría utilizarse como fertilizante orgánico en mayor proporción en los cultivos de caña de azúcar.

Este artículo busca explicar el efecto de la inestabilidad financiera en las firmas y su estructura de capital, en dos mercados emergentes: Colombia y Argentina. Para el análisis se construye un panel desbalanceado con 167 empresas, con datos trimestrales entre 2005 y 2015, y se realizan regresiones con el método de efectos aleatorios. Los resultados evidencian que el menor nivel de liquidez y las pérdidas durante dos o más trimestres consecutivos elevan el nivel de apalancamiento de las empresas; por tanto, síntomas de insolvencia financiera conducen a que las firmas se sobreendeuden y propaguen las condiciones que lleven a la aparición de una crisis financiera.