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Background: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of surgery in the management of vertical compensatory head posture in patients with congenital nystagmus (CN) inherited in an X-linked manner in a Chinese family and determine the molecular pathogenesis of this disease. Methods: We studied 18 members belonging to four generations in a family with congenital nystagmus. Parks shift of neutral zone surgeries were performed on 7 patients with vertical compensatory head posture from the family. In addition, head posture, visual acuity, and stereopsis of the 7 patients were evaluated before and 2-years after the displacement surgeries. Gene alternations of the disease were researched by sequencing a candidate gene (FRMD7). From each generation of the family, one patient (including the proband) and one normal control were sampled for Sanger sequencing. Results: Over a median follow-up period of 2 years, the anomalous head posture, visual acuity, and stereopsis significantly improved postoperatively (P T (p.D196Y) in exon 7 of FRMD7 was co-segregated with the disease in this family. Conclusions: Parks shift of neutral zone surgeries relieved the vertical compensatory head posture and improved visual acuity and stereopsis in the primary position of CN patients. In this study, it was concluded that a missense mutation in exon 7 (c.586G > 7, p.D196Y) in FRMD7 was possibly responsible for the disease in this family.

Objective: Our preliminary research indicates that acacetin modulates the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, providing protection against Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury. The mechanisms of acacetin to inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome remain fully elucidated. This study aims to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of acacetin on various agonists induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation.Methods: A model for the NLRP3 inflammasome activation was established in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) using Monosodium Urate (MSU), Nigericin, Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), and Pam3CSK4, separately. Western blot analysis (WB) was employed to detect Pro-caspase-1, Pro-Interleukin-1β (Pro-IL-1β) in cell lysates, and caspase-1, IL-1β in supernatants. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to measured the release of IL-1β, IL-18, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in cell supernatants to assess the impact of acacetin on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was also assessed. The Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways related proteins were evaluated by WB, and NF-κB nuclear translocation was observed via laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Disuccinimidyl Suberate (DSS) cross-linking was employed to detect oligomerization of Apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing a Caspase Recruitment Domain (ASC), and LSCM was also used to observe Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) and N-(6-methoxyquinolyl) acetoethyl ester (MQAE) assays were utilized to determined the effects of acacetin on the efflux of potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-) ions.Results: Acacetin inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by various agonists, reducing the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, and LDH. It suppressed the expression of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-activated Phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK), p-JNK, and p-p38, inhibited NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Acacetin also reduced ROS production and inhibited ASC aggregation, thus suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Notably, acacetin did not affect K+ and Cl-ions efflux during the activation process.Conclusion: Acacetin shows inhibitory effects on both the priming and assembly processes of the NLRP3 inflammasome, positioning it as a promising new candidate for the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases.

Acacetin (5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone), a potential neuroprotective agent, has an inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammatory reactions. However, whether acacetin has an effect on inflammatory corpuscle 3 (NLRP3) after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury has not been fully determined. This study used an improved suture method to establish a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model in C57BL/6 mice. After ischemia with middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1 hour, reperfusion with intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg of acacetin (acacetin group) or an equal volume of saline (0.1 mL/10 g, middle cerebral artery occlusion group) was used to investigate the effect of acacetin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Infarct volume and neurological function scores were determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and the Zea-Longa scoring method. Compared with the middle cerebral artery occlusion group, neurological function scores and cerebral infarction volumes were significantly reduced in the acacetin group. To understand the effect of acacetin on microglia-mediated inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, immunohistochemistry for the microglia marker calcium adapter protein ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) was examined in the hippocampus of ischemic brain tissue. In addition, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 expression in ischemic brain tissue of mice was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of Iba1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 was significantly lower in the acacetin group compared with the middle cerebral artery occlusion group. Western blot assay results showed that expression of Toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factor kappa B, NLRP3, procaspase-1, caspase-1, pro-interleukin-1β, and interleukin-1β were significantly lower in the acacetin group compared with the middle cerebral artery occlusion group. Our findings indicate that acacetin has a protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and its mechanism of action is associated with inhibition of microglia-mediated inflammation and the NLRP3 signaling pathway.

In this study, we analyzed the influence of coastal zone engineering on suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the Yangtze River mouth based on HY-1C and Chinese GaoFen (GF) satellite data. The results show that: (1) SSC in the Yangtze River mouth is mainly in the range of 200–1300 mg/L, which changes due to natural factors as well as coastal zone engineering; (2) The sand blocking engineering effectively protects the channel from siltation, and SSC in the central line of the channel is 100–300 mg/L lower than that near the dikes in the north and south; (3) Qingcaosha Reservoir plays a stabilizing role in the hydrodynamic force, promoting the deposition of suspended matter, so that the water in the reservoir is clear. SSC inside the Qingcaosha Reservoir, located in the center of the estuary, is 100–500 mg/L lower than the high SSC water outside the reservoir; (4) The bridges interact with the current, facilitating the transport of local sediment, resulting in the increase in SSC downstream of these bridges, and obvious vortexes appear with the length up to nearly 2400 m; and (5) Corresponding protection and development suggestions were put forward as follows. A linear array of wind power plants can be built near and parallel to dikes and leading jetties; to increase the depth of the southeast end of the reservoir; and the location of the bridge should be selected in the place of river where siltation is easy. This study aimed to study the SSC distribution under the complex impact of coastal zone engineering with satellite and to provide possible improvement suggestions.

Background: Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a visual disease which is caused by RPE65 mutations and results in retinal degeneration and severe vision loss in early infancy. According to previous researches, mutations of the RPE65 gene account for 16% of all cases of LCA. This study aimed to identify RPE65 gene mutations in Chinese patients with LCA. Methods: We recruited 52 sporadic patients from Peking University Third Hospital in 2016 and applied Sanger sequencing to identify variants among exons responsible for the disease. The genomic DNAs from blood leukocytes of these patients were isolated, and the entire coding region of the RPE65 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. We then determined the sequence of RPE65 using ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzer. Results: Our study identified that only 1 out of the 52 patients with LCA carried the previously unreported homozygosis missense mutation c1174A>C (T392P) of the RPE65 gene. However, the mutation was associated with the disease phenotype and not detected in 100 normal controls. Conclusions: Though we identified a novel missense mutation in the RPE65 gene that causes LCA, our result indicates that RPE65 mutations may not play a major role in the LCA patients in China since only 1 out of the 52 patients carried mutation in the RPE65 gene.

Background: Congenital nystagmus (CN) is characterized by conjugated, spontaneous, and involuntary ocular oscillations. It is an inherited disease and the most common inheritance pattern is X-linked CN. In this study, our aim is to identify the disease-causing mutation in a large sixth-generation Chinese family with X-linked CN. Methods: It has been reported that mutations in four-point-one, ezrin, radixin, moesin domain-containing 7 gene (FRMD7) and G protein-coupled receptor 143 gene (GPR143) account for the majority patients of X-linked nystagmus. We collected 8 ml blood samples from members of a large sixth-generation pedigree with X-linked CN and 100 normal controls. FRMD7 and GPR143 were scanned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA sequencing assays, and multiplex PCR assays were applied to detect deletions. Results: We identified a previously unreported deletion covering 7 exons in GPR143 in a Chinese family. The heterozygous deletion from exon 3 to exon 9 of GPR143 was detected in all affected males in the family, while it was not detected in other unaffected relatives or 100 normal controls. Conclusions: This is the first report of molecular characterization in GPR143 gene in the CN family. Our results expand the spectrum of GPR143 mutations causing CN and further confirm the role of GPR143 in the pathogenesis of CN.

Background: Congenital cataract is a rare disorder characterized by crystallin denaturation, which becomes a major cause of childhood blindness. Although more than fifty pathogenic genes for congenital cataract have been reported, the genetic causes of many cataract patients remain unknown. In this study, the aim is to identify the genetic cause of a five-generation Chinese autosomal dominant congenital cataract family. Methods: Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on three affected and one unaffected member of the family, known causative genes were scanned first. Sanger sequencing was used to validate co-segregation of the candidate variant in the family. The impact on the transcript and amino acid sequences of the variant was further analyzed. Results: We identified a novel splice donor site mutation c. 2825+1G >A in EPHA2 that was absent in public and in-house databases and showed co-segregation in the family. This variant resulted in an altered splice that led to protein truncation. Conclusions: The mutation we identified was responsible for congenital cataract in our studied family. Our findings broaden the spectrum of causative mutations in EPHA2 gene for congenital cataract and suggest that WES is an efficient strategy to scan variants in known causative genes for genetically heterogeneous diseases.

We analyzed the distribution of chlorophyll-a (Chla) in the Bohai Sea area based on data from the geosynchronous orbit optical satellite Gaofen-4 (GF-4), which was launched in 2015, carrying a panchromatic multispectral sensor (PMS). This is the first time the geosynchronous orbit optical satellite GF-4 remote-sensing data has been used in China to detect the Chla change details in the Bohai Sea. A new GF-4 retrieved model was established based on the relationship between in situ Chla value and the reflectance combination of 2 and 4 bands, with the R2 of 0.9685 and the total average relative error of 37.42%. Twenty PMS images obtained from 2017 to 2019 were applied to analyze Chla in Bohai sea. The results show that: (1) the new built Chla inversion model PMS-1 for the GF-4 PMS sensor can extract Chla distribution details in the Bohai Sea well. The high Chla content in the Bohai Sea is mainly located in coastal areas, such as the top of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Bay and Liaodong Bay, with the value being around 13 µg/L. The concentration of Chla in the Bohai Strait and northern Yellow Sea is relatively low with the value being around 5 µg/L. (2). Taking full advantage of the continuous observation of geostationary orbit satellite, GF-4 with a high-resolution sensor PMS of 50 m can effectively detect short-term change (changes within 10 min) in Chla concentration. The changes mainly appear at the southwest and northeast costal area as well as in the center of Bohai Sea with the change value of around 3 µg/L. (3) The change of Chla concentration in the Bohai sea is related to the environmental factors such as seawater temperature, salinity, illumination and nutrient salts, as well as the dynamic factors such as wind, flow field and tidal current.

BackgroundEmerging evidence indicates that impaired angiogenesis may contribute to hypertension‐induced cardiac remodeling. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide–dependent deacetylase Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) has the potential to modulate angiogenesis, but this has not been confirmed. As such, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between SIRT3‐mediated angiogenesis and cardiac remodeling. Methods and ResultsOur experiments were performed on SIRT3 knockout and age‐matched wild‐type mice infused with angiotensin II (1400 ng/kg per minute) or saline for 14 days. After angiotensin II infusion, SIRT3 knockout mice developed more severe microvascular rarefaction and functional hypoxia in cardiac tissues compared with wild‐type mice. These events were concomitant with mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced collagen I and collagen III expression, leading to cardiac fibrosis. Silencing SIRT3 facilitated angiotensin II–induced aberrant Pink/Parkin acetylation and impaired mitophagy, while excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation limited angiogenic capacity in primary mouse cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. Moreover, SIRT3 overexpression in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells enhanced Pink/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy, attenuated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, and restored vessel sprouting and tube formation. In parallel, endothelial cell–specific SIRT3 transgenic mice showed decreased fibrosis, as well as improved cardiac function and microvascular network, compared with wild‐type mice with similar stimuli. ConclusionsCollectively, these findings suggest that SIRT3 could promote angiogenesis through attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction caused by defective mitophagy.

Abstract Background Variant transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is a rare multisystemic disorder caused by mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. The aim of the present work was to describe the clinical profile of asymptomatic carriers (AC) and Coutinho stage 1 ATTRv patients in Spain. Methods National, multicentre, cross-sectional study that included 86 AC and 19 patients diagnosed in the previous 12 months to enrolment. Clinical and demographical data, TTR gene mutations, red flags anamnesis, neurological and cardiological assessments were collected. Results The mean age of patients was 56.8 years at onset and 58.6 years at diagnosis; 53% of patients and 51% of AC were from non-endemic areas. Val50Met was the most frequent mutation in both groups. Neuropathy impairment score data (mean 17.7 ± 20.5) and small-fibre function in lower limbs assessed with SUDOSCAN revealed that patients were diagnosed at early stages of neurological impairment. Peripheral polyneuropathy (84.2%), autonomic neuropathy (73.7%), cardiac (63.2%) and gastrointestinal (47.4%) alterations were the most common symptoms in patients. Autonomic neuropathy, gastrointestinal impairment, carpal tunnel syndrome, cardiac and ocular alterations were potentially related to ATTRv in the AC group. Conclusions The EMPATIa study provides a detailed description of AC and Coutinho stage 1 ATTRv patients across Spain, confirming the multisystemic clinical profile of the disease. This study reveals a diagnosis delay around 1.8 years, highlighting the importance of a profound disease awareness to reach a diagnose in earlier stages of neurological impairment.

Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB), caused by Setosphaeria turcica, is a major fungal disease affecting maize production in sub-Saharan Africa. Utilizing host plant resistance to mitigate yield losses associated with NCLB can serve as a cost-effective strategy. In this study, we conducted a high-resolution genome-wide association study (GWAS) in an association mapping panel and linkage mapping with three doubled haploid (DH) and three F3 populations of tropical maize. These populations were phenotyped for NCLB resistance across six hotspot environments in Kenya. Across environments and genotypes, NCLB scores ranged from 2.12 to 5.17 (on a scale of 1–9). NCLB disease severity scores exhibited significant genotypic variance and moderate-to-high heritability. From the six biparental populations, 23 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified, each explaining between 2.7% and 15.8% of the observed phenotypic variance. Collectively, the detected QTLs explained 34.28%, 51.37%, 41.12%, 12.46%, 12.11%, and 14.66% of the total phenotypic variance in DH populations 1, 2, and 3 and F3 populations 4, 5, and 6, respectively. GWAS, using 337,110 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified 15 marker–trait associations and several putative candidate genes linked to NCLB resistance in maize. Joint linkage association mapping (JLAM) identified 37 QTLs for NCLB resistance. Using linkage mapping, JLAM, and GWAS, several QTLs were identified within the genomic region spanning 4 to 15 Mbp on chromosome 2. This genomic region represents a promising target for enhancing NCLB resistance via marker-assisted breeding. Genome-wide predictions revealed moderate correlations with mean values of 0.45, 0.44, 0.55, and 0.42 for within GWAS panel, DH pop1, DH pop2, and DH pop3, respectively. Prediction by incorporating marker-by-environment interactions did not show much improvement. Overall, our findings indicate that NCLB resistance is quantitative in nature and is controlled by few major-effect and many minor-effect QTLs. We conclude that genomic regions consistently detected across mapping approaches and populations should be prioritized for improving NCLB resistance, while genome-wide prediction results can help incorporate both major- and minor-effect genes. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms driving maize resistance to NCLB.

Summary: Neurons receive correlated levels of excitation and inhibition, a feature that is important for proper brain function. However, how this relationship between excitatory and inhibitory inputs is established during the dynamic period of circuit wiring remains unexplored. Using multiple techniques, including in utero electroporation, electron microscopy, and electrophysiology, we reveal a tight correlation in the distribution of excitatory and inhibitory synapses along the dendrites of developing CA1 hippocampal neurons. This correlation was present within short dendritic stretches (

En la Argentina de los años treinta, distintas voces aportaron a un debate sobre el rol del periodismo y ofrecieron representaciones contrastantes acerca de la naturaleza de esta actividad y sus relaciones deseables con el Estado y los actores políticos y sociales. En este artículo, abordo el papel protagónico que asumió el socialismo argentino en estos debates, a partir del análisis de sus discursos e iniciativas en el terreno legislativo y gremial. Argumento que, al poner en el centro de su discurso la defensa de la libertad de prensa, el socialismo argentino potenció el elemento democrático-liberal de su tradición política y modificó en forma radical su tradicional hipótesis respecto al rol del periodismo en las sociedades democráticas.

Desde diferentes perspectivas y poniendo bajo examen distintos objetos de estudio, los textos reunidos en este dossier se interrogan por los vínculos entre la política y las ideas en la Argentina entre 1880 y 1943. Para examinar la problemática, los artículos adoptan cuatro vías de análisis diferentes: los discursos intelectuales, el parlamento nacional, la prensa periódica y los conflictos laborales. Esta diversidad de estrategias, que conlleva el abordaje de problemas poco o nada atendidos por la historiografía, pero también la revisión crítica de interpretaciones canónicas, permite iluminar aspectos significativos de la dinámica política e institucional y sus vínculos con el debate de ideas y las transformaciones sociales de la Argentina liberal.

The conservation and management of marine ecosystems hinge on a comprehensive understanding of the status and trends of top predators. This review delves into the ecological significance of marine top predators, examining their roles in maintaining ecosystem stability and functioning through an integrated analysis of current scientific literature. We first assess the efficacy of various monitoring methods, ranging from traditional field observations to cutting-edge technologies like satellite tracking and environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis and evaluating their strengths and limitations in terms of accuracy, spatial coverage, and cost-effectiveness, providing resource managers with essential insights for informed decision-making. Then, by synthesizing data from diverse marine ecosystems, this study offers a comprehensive overview of the trends affecting top predator populations worldwide. We explore the multifaceted impacts of human activities, climate change, and habitat degradation on the abundance and distribution of these key species. In doing so, we shed light on the broader implications of declining top predator populations, such as trophic cascades and altered community structures. Following a thorough assessment of successful strategies for reversing the decline of top predators, a compilation of recommendations is presented, encompassing effective governance interventions. A crucial aspect of effective ecosystem-based management is the implementation of robust monitoring strategies. Mitigation measures are imperative to reverse the adverse impacts on marine top predators. We present a comprehensive array of mitigation options based on successful case studies. These include the establishment of marine protected areas, the enforcement of fisheries regulations, and the promotion of sustainable fishing practices. We deepen the synergies between these strategies and their potential to mitigate human-induced stressors on top predator populations to safeguard their pivotal role in maintaining marine ecosystem structure and function. By examining marine top predators’ ecological significance, analyzing population trends, discussing monitoring techniques, and outlining effective mitigation strategies, we provide a comprehensive resource for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders engaged in fostering ecosystem-based management approaches. We conclude that integrating these insights into current management frameworks will be essential to safeguard both top predators and the broader marine environment for future generations.

3D-printed high-surface carbon monoliths have been fabricated and tested as catalyst supports of CO2 methanation active phases (NiO-CeO2, 12 wt% Ni). The carbon carriers show a developed microporosity and good adherence to the catalytic phases of NiO-CeO2, showing great stability and cyclability. Two monolith designs were used: a conventional parallel-channeled structure (honeycomb) and a complex 3D network of non-linear channels built upon interconnected circular sections (circles), where flow turbulences along the reactant gas path are spurred. The effect of the active phases particle size on the catalyst distribution and the overall performance has been assessed by comparing NiO-CeO2 nanoparticles of 7 nm average (Np), with a reference counterpart of uncontrolled structure (Ref). The improved radial gases diffusion in the circles monolith design is confirmed, and nanoparticles show enhanced CO2 methanation activity than the uncontrolled-size active phase at low temperatures (< 300 ºC). On the contrary, the Ref catalysts achieve higher CH4 production at higher temperatures, where the reaction kinetics is controlled by mass transfer limitations (T > 300 ºC). SEM and Hg porosimetry evidence that nanoparticles are deposited at deeper penetration through the narrow micropores of the carbon matrix of the monolithic supports, which tend to accumulate on the channels surface remaining more accessible to the reactant molecules. Altogether, this study examines the impact of the channel tortuosity and the active phase sizing on the CO2 methanation activity, serving as ground knowledge for the further rational and scalable fabrication of carbon monolith for catalytic applications.

We study the Schr\"odinger equation $\left(\mathrm{Q}_{\varepsilon}\right)$: $- \varepsilon^{2(p-1)} \Delta_p v + V(x)\, |v|^{p-2} v - |v|^{q-1}v = 0$, $x \in \mathbb{R}^N$, with $v(x) \rightarrow 0$ as $|x| \rightarrow+\infty$, for the infinite case, as given by Byeon and Wang for a situation of critical frequency, $\displaystyle \{x\in \mathbb{R}^N \, / \: V(x) = \inf V = 0\} \neq \emptyset$. In the semiclassical limit, $\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$, the corresponding limit problem is $\left(\mathrm{P}\right)$: $\Delta_p w+|w|^{q-1} w=0$, $x \in \Omega$, with $w(x)=0, x \in \partial \Omega$, where $\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^N$ is a smooth bounded strictly star-shaped region related to the potential $V$. We prove that for $\left(\mathrm{Q}_{\varepsilon}\right)$ there exists a non-trivial solution with any prescribed $\mathrm{L}^{q+1}$-mass.Applying a Ljusternik-Schnirelman scheme, shows that $\left(\mathrm{Q}_{\varepsilon}\right)$ and $\left(\mathrm{P}\right)$ have infinitely many pairs of solutions. Fixed a topological level $k \in \mathbb{N}$, we show that a solution of $\left(\mathrm{Q}_{\varepsilon}\right)$, $v_{k, \varepsilon}$, sub converges, in $\mathrm{W}^{1,p}(\mathbb{R}^N)$ and up to scaling, to a corresponding solution of $\left(\mathrm{P}\right)$. We also prove that the energy of each solution, $v_{k,\eps}$ converges to the corresponding energy of the limit problem $\left(\mathrm{P}\right)$ so that the critical values of the functionals associated, respectively, to $\left(\mathrm{Q}_{\varepsilon}\right)$ and $\left(\mathrm{P}\right)$ are topologically equivalent.

Son presentados 100 niños con diagnóstico clínico de Impétigo de los cuales 70 fueron estudiados bacteriológicamente. La signo sintomatología es la habitualmente descripta en este tipo de afección y el principal germen involucrado fue el Estreptococo que predominó más a menor edad del paciente. fue más afectado el sexo masculino y no se detectaron durante el estudio complicaciones atribuibles a esta patología, ya sea por extensión o a la debida a fenómenos con participación inmunológica.

Abstract Natural origin products are an appealing substitute for nonbiodegradable materials in the production of new materials to improve the packaging properties and to extend the shelf life quality of foods. The objective of this study was to formulate, elaborate, select, partially characterize, and evaluate the biological properties of an edible film based on pectin, candelilla wax, and glycerol, added with pomegranate peel polyphenols (PPP). An exploratory design 2k Box Hunter and Hunter was made, followed by a Box‐Behnken design 3k to evaluate the properties of water vapor permeability (WVP) of the film, resulting in the film with 0.75% w/v of pectin, 0.2% w/v of candelilla wax, 0.05% v/v of glycerol and 0.02% w/v of PPP with one of the lowest values of WVP (1.78E−10 g/m.s.Pa). After characterization, this treatment showed good structural and optical properties and low humidity values compared to a control film. PPP showed the inhibitory capacity for DPPH (61.2%) and ABTS (48.5%) radicals and reducing activity with the reduction of ferric ion (FRAP) reaching a value of 1676.5 mg TE/g PPP.

Summary: Dysregulated neuronal excitability is a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We sought to investigate how functional changes to the axon initial segment (AIS), the site of action potential generation, could impact neuronal excitability in ALS human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) motor neurons. We find that early TDP-43 and C9orf72 hiPSC motor neurons show an increase in the length of the AIS and impaired activity-dependent AIS plasticity that is linked to abnormal homeostatic regulation of neuronal activity and intrinsic hyperexcitability. In turn, these hyperactive neurons drive increased spontaneous myofiber contractions of in vitro hiPSC motor units. In contrast, late hiPSC and postmortem ALS motor neurons show AIS shortening, and hiPSC motor neurons progress to hypoexcitability. At a molecular level, aberrant expression of the AIS master scaffolding protein ankyrin-G and AIS-specific voltage-gated sodium channels mirror these dynamic changes in AIS function and excitability. Our results point toward the AIS as an important site of dysfunction in ALS motor neurons.

An assessment framework of marine ecosystem services (ES) indicators to quantify the socio-ecological effectiveness of nature-based solutions (NBS) and nature-inclusive harvesting (NIH) under climate-driven changes was developed. It creates a common understanding about the health status of ecosystems, their services (ES), and the impact of implementing NBS&NIH to inform policymakers and the public. The two NBS considered were restoration and conservation which need to be performed considering the sustainable harvesting of marine resources (NIH). The interaction between the biodiversity indicators with the socioeconomic, response and pressure indicators was established using the ES cascade. However, it was also linked to other environmental (e.g., DAPSI(W)R(M)) and economic frameworks such as the Standard National Account (SNA) and the System of Environment Economic Accounting (SEEA). A set of 155 multidisciplinary indicators were identified through a literature review and their effectiveness in measuring ES under changing climate. Biodiversity & environmental as well as Pressure indicators are the most numerous in the list representing 34 % and 23 % of the total respectively, while only 12 % of the used Indicators below to the economic dimension. Socioeconomic indicators considering CC are rarely contemplated, except for a short list redefining output and demand approach indicators to aggregate a carbon footprint valuation. For cultural services economic indicators dominate, whereas sparse for provisioning and regulating. The 70 % of the selected indicators were also empirically verified with 27 European storylines. Storylines have high coverage of biodiversity, environmental indicators, and CC indicators (91 %), lower coverage of economic (71 %) and poorer related to social (31 %) indicators. Harvest, pressure and/or habitats are clearly the groups of indicators majority used when evaluating the ES on marine and coastal ecosystems both in terms of the number of used indicators but also, the frequency of use. Despite the increase of ES research, this study identifies 14 substantial gaps or weaknesses limiting the guidance for NBS&NIH implementation derived from the employment of an unbalanced (between dimensions and key groups) number of quantitative indicators.

Aim of study: To analyse the territorial potential of Cantabria to produce grass-fed milk. Area of study: Cantabria (N Spain) is a territory associated with livestock, in particular cattle and grasslands. Over the last few decades, the livestock sector has been immersed in a process of structural adjustment, leading to a reduction in the number of farms, an increase in their size and the intensification of production. Moreover, the market is being increasingly supplied with milk labelled “grass fed”, due to growing consumer interest in healthier and more environmentally friendly products. Material and methods: To do this, 99 livestock farms were classified according to the percentage of fresh grass (FG) in the spring diet of the lactating cows (non-grass-fed:

Abstract Objective There is growing evidence for an association between anxiety and an increased risk of dementia, but it is not clear whether anxiety is a risk factor or a prodromic symptom. In this study, we investigated if clinically significant anxiety increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) up to 10 years later. Methods We used data from the longitudinal Zaragoza Dementia and Depression (ZARADEMP) Project. Excluding subjects with dementia at baseline left us with 3044 individuals aged >65 years. The Geriatric Mental State‐Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy (GMS‐AGECAT) package was used to identify cases and subcases of anxiety. AD was diagnosed by a panel of research psychiatrists according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM‐IV) criteria. Multivariate survival analysis with a competing risk regression model was performed. Results We observed a significant association between clinically significant anxiety at baseline and AD risk within a 10‐year follow‐up (SHR 2.82 [95% CI 1.21–6.58]), after controlling for confounders including depression. In contrast, isolated symptoms of anxiety were not significantly associated with an increased incidence of AD. Conclusion Our results support the hypothesis that clinically significant anxiety is an independent risk factor for AD and not just a prodromic symptom. Future studies should clarify if treating anxiety reduces the incidence of AD.

Abstract Background As a result of the technological progress, the use of sensors for crop survey has substantially increased, generating valuable information for modelling agricultural data. Plant spectroscopy jointly with statistical modeling can potentially help to assess certain chemical components of interest present in plants, which may be laborious and expensive to obtain by direct measurements. In this research, the phosphorus content in wheat grain is modeled using reflectance information measured by a hyperspectral sensor at different wavelengths. A Bayesian procedure for selecting variables was used to identify the set of the most important spectral bands. Additionally, three different models were evaluated: the first model assumes that the observations are independent, the other two models assume that the observations are spatially correlated: one of the proposed models, assumes spatial dependence using a Conditionally Autoregressive Model (CAR), and the other through an exponential correlogram. The goodness of fit of the models was evaluated by means of the Deviance Information Criterion, and the predictive power is evaluated using cross validation. Results We have found that CAR was the model that best fits and predicts the data. Additionally, the selection variable procedure in the CAR model reveals which wavelengths in the range of 500–690 nm are the most important. Comparing the vegetative indices with the CAR model, it was observed that the average correlation of the CAR model exceeded that of the vegetative indices by 23.26%, − 1.2% and 22.78% for the year 2010, 2011 and 2012 respectively; therefore, the use of the proposed methodology outperformed the vegetative indices in prediction. Conclusions The proposal to predict the phosphorus content in wheat grain using Bayesian approach, reflect with the results as a good alternative.