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35. Ancestry, health, and lived experiences of enslaved Africans in 18th century Charleston: An osteobiographical analysis

Author

Fleskes, Raquel E., primary, Ofunniyin, Ade A., additional, Gilmore, Joanna K., additional, Poplin, Eric, additional, Abel, Suzanne M., additional, Bueschgen, Wolf D., additional, Juarez, Chelsey, additional, Butler, Nic, additional, Mishoe, Grant, additional, Oubré, La'Sheia, additional, Cabana, Graciela S., additional, and Schurr, Theodore G., additional

Published
2020
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38. Ancestry, health, and lived experiences of enslaved Africans in 18th century Charleston: An osteobiographical analysis.

Author

Fleskes, Raquel E., Ofunniyin, Ade A., Gilmore, Joanna K., Poplin, Eric, Abel, Suzanne M., Bueschgen, Wolf D., Juarez, Chelsey, Butler, Nic, Mishoe, Grant, Oubré, La'Sheia, Cabana, Graciela S., and Schurr, Theodore G.

Subjects
GENEALOGY, ENSLAVED persons, ARCHAEOLOGICAL human remains, HUMAN skeleton, DENTAL enamel
Abstract

Objectives: In 2013, the burials of 36 individuals of putative African ancestry were discovered during renovation of the Gaillard Center in downtown Charleston, South Carolina. The Charleston community facilitated a bioarchaeological and mitogenomic study to gain insights into the lives of these unknown persons, referred to as the Anson Street Ancestors, including their ancestry, health, and lived experiences in the 18th century. Methods: Metric and morphological assessments of skeletal and dental characteristics were recorded, and enamel and cortical bone strontium stable isotope values generated. Whole mitochondrial genomes were sequenced and analyzed. Results: Osteological analysis identified adults, both females and males, and subadults at the site, and estimated African ancestry for most individuals. Skeletal trauma and pathology were infrequent, but many individuals exhibited dental decay and abscesses. Strontium isotope data suggested these individuals mostly originated in Charleston or sub‐Saharan Africa, with many being long‐term residents of Charleston. Nearly all had mitochondrial lineages belonging to African haplogroups (L0‐L3, H1cb1a), with two individuals sharing the same L3e2a haplotype, while one had a Native American A2 mtDNA. Discussion: This study generated detailed osteobiographies of the Anson Street Ancestors, who were likely of enslaved status. Our results indicate that the Ancestors have diverse maternal African ancestries and are largely unrelated, with most being born locally. These details reveal the demographic impact of the trans‐Atlantic slave trade. Our analysis further illuminates the lived experiences of individuals buried at Anson Street, and expands our understanding of 18th century African history in Charleston. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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43. Technical note: A report on the Forensic Anthropology Database for Assessing Methods Accuracy.

Author

Juarez, Chelsey A., Hughes, Cris E., and Yim, An‐Di

Subjects
*FORENSIC anthropology, *JOB qualifications, *DATABASES, *INDUSTRIAL technicians, *DATA analysis
Abstract

We report on the functionality, available support, and research capability of the Forensic Anthropology Database for Assessing Methods Accuracy (FADAMA; DOJ DUBX0213). FADAMA is an online repository for case data from identified forensic skeletal cases. The goal of FADAMA is to address the lack of adequate measures for assessing accuracy and reliability of forensic anthropology methods. FADAMA requires users to apply for access with their university or organization credentials. Verified users may upload and download anonymized case data via the user interface, after signing a terms of service agreement outlining ethical behavior. Case data uploads require information about the actual biological profile of the decedent and the forensic anthropology estimations. Uploading case data takes approximately 15–25 min. FADAMA users currently have 85 methods to select from when entering case data, with the capability to add new methods as they are developed. Access to the database is free, and online video tutorials are available for users covering database functionality. Currently, the database houses anonymized case data for over 350 identified cases from across the U.S. Funding has been allocated for a database technician to assist offices with large caseloads to upload cases. As it stands, the database is easy to use, and maintains thoughtful tools to assist users. The power of the database to identify trends in both method accuracy and usage is apparent, and will continue to grow as more cases are added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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45. Past or present? Differentiating California prehistoric native American remains from forensic cases: an empirical approach

Author

Hughes, Cris, Juarez, Chelsey, Zephro, Lauren, Fowler, Gillian, Chacon, Shirley, Hughes, Cris, Juarez, Chelsey, Zephro, Lauren, Fowler, Gillian, and Chacon, Shirley

Abstract

The goal of this project is to provide additional data and statistical analyses for differentiating between prehistoric/historic Native American remains and modern forensic cases that may be potentially confusing. Forensic anthropologists often receive requests from local law enforcement to infer whether skeletal remains are of forensic or non-forensic significance. Skeletal remains of non-forensic significance are commonly of Native American ancestry, but the empirical methods common for determining Native American affinity from skeletal remains have not been established for California prehistoric/historic Native Americans. Therefore, forensic anthropologists working in California lack empirical methods for not only identifying prehistoric California Native American remains, but also differentiating them from modern/forensic populations whose skeletal attributes are similar. In particular, skeletal remains of Latin American US immigrants of indigenous origins are becoming more present in the forensic anthropological laboratory, and can exhibit the same suite of skeletal traits classically used to identify Native American affinity. In this article, we initiate an investigation into this issue by analyzing both craniometric and morphoscopic data using a range of statistical methods for differentiating prehistoric Northern California Native Americans from modern Guatemalan Maya. Our discriminant analyses results indicate that by using nine craniometric variables, group classification is 87% correct. In addition, seven morphoscopic variables can predict group classification correctly for 77% of the sample. The results suggest that it is possible to differentiate between our two samples. Such a method contributes to the efficient and empirical determination of temporal and geographic affinity, allowing for the repartriation of Native American remains to their tribes, as well as the accurate analysis of forensically significant remains.

46. A simulation for exploring the effects of the “trait list” method’s subjectivity on consistency and accuracy of ancestry estimations

Author

Hughes, Cris, Juarez, Chelsey, Hughes, Taylor, Galloway, Alison, Fowler, Gillian, Chacon, Shirley, Hughes, Cris, Juarez, Chelsey, Hughes, Taylor, Galloway, Alison, Fowler, Gillian, and Chacon, Shirley

Abstract

The nonmetric “trait list” methodology is widely used for estimating ancestry of skeletal remains. However, the effects of the method’s embedded subjectivity on subsequent accuracy and consistency are largely unknown. We develop a mathematical simulation to test whether variation in the application of the “trait list” method alters the ancestry estimation for a given case. Our simulation explores how variations in (i) trait selection, (ii) number of traits employed, and (iii) ancestry choice thresholds affect the ancestry estimation of an unidentified skeleton. Using two temporally and geographically diverse samples, the simulation demonstrates that trait selection, trait quantity, threshold choices, and the exclusion of high-frequency traits had minimal effect on estimation of general ancestry. For all data sets and Runs, AccuracyAS was maintained above 90%. The authors close with a discussion on the logistical issues present when choosing traits, and how to avoid ancestry bias.

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