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This paper reports on a systematic literature review to understand better methodologies and data collection tools used to judge student teaching effectiveness, ways in which validity and reliability are considered, the processes involved in assessing new teaching effectiveness within teacher education programmes, and how evaluation and results are used to judge readiness to teach. The accurate and consistent judgement of teaching competence during and at completion of preparation continues to be an area of increasing interest and concern. The PRISMA review process identified 45 key papers. An in-depth analysis underscored several crucial factors, such as the challenge of ensuring the reliability of judgements within dynamic educational environments and the need for broader understanding and applications of reliability and dependability when making judgements. The findings of this systematic literature review hold implications that merit consideration by teacher education programmes for processes to judge teaching effectiveness. The analysis also highlighted the intricacies inherent in evaluating teaching effectiveness, alongside ongoing discourse regarding the criteria and measures for judging competence of student teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doing harm is a moral violation, but helping a family member is morally obligatory. In this study, participants encountered this ethical dilemma through stories featuring their sibling (i.e., brother) as either the perpetrator or victim in various moral scenarios. Subsequently, they provided their moral judgements (i.e., moral acceptability and perceived transgression) and made decisions (i.e., willingness and difficulty to disclose what the agent did to the police) regarding the perpetrator. The manipulation of family membership was integrated into the moral scenarios, which were crafted based on whether the perpetrator had malicious intent and whether those intentions resulted in a harmful outcome (i.e., intentional harm, failed attempts to harm, accidental harm, and a harmless/baseline). While we initially expected that individuals would exhibit favouritism towards their brother when harmful intent or outcomes were absent, our findings revealed that both agent/victim identities (brother/stranger) and intent-outcome-based moral scenarios had an additive effect on both measures of moral judgement. This suggests that the family favouring effect was observed across all intent-outcome scenarios, with a slightly more pronounced effect when the brother accidentally harmed a stranger compared to a stranger accidentally harming the brother. Regarding moral decisions, participants demonstrated a willingness to disclose what they witnessed regardless of their familial relationship with the agent or victim, but it was universally perceived as a difficult decision to make. Together, our results underscore the context-specific nature of moral judgements and decisions, emphasising the significant impact of family members when they are involved as moral characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess whether there is an association between an individual's sex and social judgements made by lay persons regarding untreated cleft lip. Materials and Methods: Lay individuals over 18 years old were recruited through an application to respond online to two questionnaires: a sociodemographic survey and the Brazilian Version of Lay Persons' Social Judgements about Cleft‐lip Scale (B‐LSojCleft‐S). B‐LSojCleft‐S comprises 14 items evaluating social judgements made by laypersons concerning different types of untreated cleft lips in teenagers. The 14 items are linked to 8 images featuring untreated cleft lips and 1 image without a cleft (control). Higher scores represented more favourable social judgements. Independent samples t‐test, paired, and multiple linear regression were conducted (P < 0.05). The study assessed judgements of untreated cleft lips in male and female adolescents using the B‐LSojCleft‐S. Results: The mean age of the 217 participants was 37.78 ± 12.39 years, predominantly women (72.7%), married (47.7%), with a monthly income below three minimum wages (35.6%) in the majority of cases. Significantly higher social judgement scores were observed in the control group (no cleft) compared to any type of cleft (P < 0.001), with similar scores obtained for the same types of clefts with female or male images (P > 0.05). The participant's sex is associated with social judgement scores (F [1, 214] = 6.318, P = 0.013; adjusted R2 = 0.024), with females making more favourable judgements than males (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Individuals with cleft lips receive more negative social judgement scores, regardless of their own sex. Women make better social judgements than men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on sentencing are dominated by normative studies prescribing how judges should sentence. Few studies examine how judges actually sentence. This study provides an insight into the empirical reality of judges' sentencing practices by examining their negative judgements (of propriety) of offenders and their behaviour in six sentencing remarks. It finds that judges are doing more appraisal work when their sentencing decisions are below or much higher than the starting point, but less appraisal work when their sentencing decisions are just a few years above the starting point. Such findings demonstrate that the starting point has a binding power on judges' sentencing practices despite judges having the discretion to arrive at a sentencing decision of any length (whatever the starting point). Findings of the current study could provide meaningful starting points for future examination of large quantities of sentencing remarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis homage to Danny Kahneman and Amos Tversky describes how each of them thought about psychology. It outlines the principal results of their collaborative research, which was their most original and most influential. Why? In search of an explanation it examines their joint thinking during their collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decision-making is an essential part of social work practice. Intuition is one possible basis for these decisions, but relying solely on it might not always be the best choice. No overarching framework for social work exists on how to deal with intuition. By building on the work of Kahneman and Klein, who describe conditions for successful intuitive-reasoning, the aim of the article is thus to offer such a framework for further research and reflection on social work practice. It can be used as a guideline for social work practice and social care policy to improve intuitive-reasoning of social workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Universal Excellence (JUE) / Revija za Univerzalno Odličnost (RUO) is the property of Fakulteta za Organizacijske Studije v Novem mestu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: This study aimed to identify self-compassion among staff nurses after the COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional survey design. Methods: Anonymous data were collected through an online survey using Microsoft Forms from 300 nurses in 14 health facilities in Qatar. The organization had almost 10,000 nursing staff working in different facilities. Data were gathered using a structured online questionnaire and included socio-demographic information, and the Self-Compassion Scale—Short Form was used to collect the remaining data. Correlation, t-test, and ANOVA analyses were conducted. Results: Nurses in the study showed high self-compassion. Among the sub-domain 'mindfulness', they showed comparatively high scores (7.96 ± 1.55), and the lowest score was for 'isolation' (6.15 ± 1.99). The score for 'self-kindness' was 7.29 ± 1.55, that for 'self-judgement' was 6.79 ± 2.01, that for 'common humility' was 6.62 ± 1.47, and that for the sub-domain 'over-identified' was 6.47 ± 1.91. Mindfulness scores were high among the nurse leaders. Moreover, over-identified scores were high among the nurses who were currently working under COVID-19 at the time of data collection. Conclusions: Nurses faced many difficulties while working during the COVID-19 pandemic, including a heavy workload and tension. The current study's findings add to our understanding of how COVID-19 affected the development of self-compassion. A rise in mindfulness, which aids nurses in managing stress at work and building resilience, further underscores an increase in nurses' acceptance of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings also highlight how crucial it is to encourage self-compassion in individuals and offer them emotional support at such times, especially when there is a significant risk factor for mental health, such as COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With reference to the film Inside Out, we show how Christian eschatology helps us understand the personal experience of grieving loss, generated by capital's demands for labor hypermobility and its resultant disjunctures in a person's biography. Inside Out cinematically portrays, in seemingly unremarkable moments, an inbreaking of a redemptive eschatological moment. We organize our case around two eschatological themes, those of judgement and death. The first section links a person's affective experience, the structures that generate those experiences, and the last things; we make our case using Merleau-Ponty's account of the intervolved body and Affect Theory's relationship to Foucauldian power. The second section investigates what becomes of loss and restoration when they are refracted eschatologically, using Guardini's idea of biographical death, Critical Theory's conception of the Messianic, and Bonaventure's conception of the convergence of opposites. We ultimately propose that, seen in the light of the last things, grieving over loss and its opposite, the restoration of what was lost, converge into one and the same thing. A third section will circle back to Inside Out and highlight the contours of the restoration of that which was lost in light of the two eschatological themes above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child and family social workers routinely make professional judgements involving significant legal and moral questions (e.g. whether a child has been abused) and more 'everyday' issues (e.g. will the child be re‐referred again if we close the case now?) Yet the world is capricious, and we rarely know with certainty what is going to happen in future or the likely impact of our different choices. Given the consequences of their judgements and decisions, it is imperative that social workers are provided with the best possible support. This paper reports a proof‐of‐concept study of a set of interventions to improve the judgemental accuracy of social workers: (i) a survey to identify respondents with above‐average existing abilities, (ii) training sessions on cognitive debiasing and (iii) structured group working and (iv) three methods for aggregating individual judgements. Findings indicate that it is possible to measure the accuracy of social work judgements in relation to case‐study materials and retrospective questions, while the feedback about the training was largely positive. Any future studies should aim to recruit a more diverse set of respondents, test judgemental accuracy in relation to prospective judgements and explore what types of questions would be most helpful for real‐world decision‐making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before he originated the field of philosophy for children, Matthew Lipman spent nearly twenty years teaching at Columbia University and its affiliated colleges under the tutelage of the American philosopher Justus Buchler. In those years Lipman’s scholarship focused on Buchler’s naturalist metaphysics, which was informed by Buchler’s scholarship on the philosophy of Charles Peirce. In this essay I relate Lipman’s relationship with Buchler, summarise Buchler’s theory of human judgement, and indicate key parts of that theory that influenced Lipman’s own theory of judgement and multidimensional thinking. I then discuss the pedagogical turn Buchler made with his theory, including his conception of classroom discussion as a mode of ‘community of query,’ which became the prototype for Lipman and Ann Margaret Sharp’s theory of ‘community of inquiry’ as a protocol of classroom dialogue and a paradigm of philosophical practice and democratic decision-making.

In the digital age, social media has a significant impact on consumer perceptions. This business communication study examines the linguistic strategies used to express and repair negative electronic word of mouth (eWOM) in Hong Kong’s luxury hotel sector. The data, which were collected from travel forums, consist of 17,344 words from online hotel reviews (11,647 words) and responses (5,697 words) made by the visitors and senior hotel management of 18 five-star hotels. Using systemic functional linguistics as a framework, this study analyses the logical relations that exist between expectant and concessive conjunctions, as well as the evaluative judgment resources present in an appraisal system. The analysis focuses on the poor service standards framed in the complaints and how the hotel management responds to such situations differently, particularly with respect to repairing customer expectations. This study also examines how loyal fans and frequent travellers present their customer identity when dealing with service-related issues. By developing an understanding of how luxury hotels manage customer complaints, repair customer relationships, and protect their brand reputation through dynamic interactions, this study can provide valuable communication insights for the hotel sector.

This sequential explanatory research aims to determine the academic risk-taking of tenth graders. The result of the study was the basis of the proposed intervention plan to improve their confidence, support, and motivation to take risks in their academics. A mixed-method sequential explanatory design was used, involving 103 tenth graders in one of the public schools in Cluster I Schools Division of Pampanga. The study revealed that fear of failure, lack of support and motivation, discouragement, judgment, and low self-esteem are why they are not taking risks in their academics. Moreover, the study discovered that this is why the participants struggle with their academic curriculum and have less interest in academics. It affects the participant's behaviour and the school's performance. Even though it is difficult to feel supported because of the environment that they have and how their relationships with the people around them actually work, the findings eventually shed light on the factors that contribute to the student's level of academic risk-taking. They need the support and motivation of their families and friends, encouragement to have high self-esteem and to be motivated to take risks without worrying about failure, and the willingness to take risks despite the difficulties that they may encounter so that they will achieve their goals of having good grades and boost their confidence to try new things beyond their capabilities. Therefore, the researchers made an intervention plan to address and improve the student's academic risk-taking behavior. Recommendations included providing better equipment, comprehensive trainings on crisis communication, news writing and cybersecurity, fostering organizational collaboration, and recruiting specialists. Finally, a Course Instructional Guide for Public Affairs Officers was developed and proposed for adoption and implementation to hone their effectiveness in promoting the PCG's mission and functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The court order is the final act of judgement, represents the corollary of the court activity. The effects of the court order are clearly stated: release of the court, res judicata, binding power, probative force, obligatoriness and bindingness. The most important effect of the court order is res judicata. The res judicata exception may be invoked by the court or by the parties at any stage of the trial, even before the second appeal court. In our opinion, if the res judicata authority was invoked before the first court and was rejected, and the defendant who would have had the interest to invoke the way of resolution did not promote the main appeal or incident in order to avoid the final judgment regarding this solution, it is no longer possible to invoke it by the second appeal court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been much handwringing about artificial intelligence’s application to law. Much of it regards AI’s potential incompatibility with restrictions on the unauthorized interpretation of law. However, the arguments commonly offered in defence of these restrictions fail to justify curtailing a technology that promises to narrow the ‘justice gap’ and deliver us to a more egalitarian future. Despite this failure, however, I contend that utopian visions of ‘robot lawyers’ nevertheless cast a dystopian shadow, as the increased use of AI encroaches on the space of human judgement. At stake in this encroachment, I contend, is the possibility of jurisgenesis, the interpretive activity by which law’s material power and normative meaning are bound. Preserving this possibility, I conclude, requires that discussions of law and AI must include not only scholars of law and of machine learning, but also humanists, who concern themselves with the connection between our law and our humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key digested message This article explores the role of intuition in judgement and decision-making in assessment and selection and proposes that the shift towards statistically-driven approaches has led to the dismissal of intuition with negative consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how fake news, variously described as misinformation, disinformation, malinformation, and post-truth threatens our pluralistic democratic life. We ask, how does fake news function in constructing a world of meaning that destabilises the conditions under which we are able to render valid political judgements in democratic life? Using the 1992 R v Zundel Supreme Court Case from Canada to explore the free speech question, and Hannah Arendt's distinction between fact and opinion, we argue that fake news uses the malleability of language to displace fact with opinion. This displacement threatens democracy in two ways. First, fake news functions by deploying language in such a way that it is built on refuting its own ability to produce factual knowledge, and in the process the world becomes one of opinion treated axiomatically. Second, as a consequence, it renders judgement impossible because the only information that counts is opinion, whereas judgement corresponds to the public character of factual knowledge. This displacement produces a pseudo-reality where we can imagine that only people like us live here, that is, people who share our own opinions. This is a world that Hannah Arendt and Hans Jonas might characterise as thoughtless. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a discourse approach, this study examines interpersonal meanings and judgmental resources constructed in academic assessment reports and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Fifth Version (WISC-V) results. This research opens fresh avenues for analyzing the linguistic and cognitive elements of a gifted child's early performance. The target child is a gifted student with a Fluid Reasoning score of 132 (98th percentile). In-depth English text analysis was performed on his eight academic report cards from the playgroup, prenursery, kindergarten, first two years of primary school, and one WISC-V test. The appraisal system serves as the study's theoretical foundation, providing an interpersonal analysis of how behavior is evaluated and judged in the areas of capacity, normality, tenacity, veracity, and propriety. The findings indicate that when teachers' observations and the WISC-V are integrated, a gifted student's cognitive abilities and academic performance strengths and weaknesses can be revealed comprehensively. The alignment of teacher evaluations in the areas of languages, mathematics and science, as well as work habits and social attitudes and WISC-V test results, is also examined. This study contributes to the understanding of the behavioural patterns of gifted student and the implications for their education development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Taiwan Journal of East Asian Studies is the property of National Taiwan Normal University, College of International Studies & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Assessing exemplars as a formative activity is thought to promote students' learning. This study aimed to investigate dental students' ability to judge the quality of composite restorations' exemplars depicted in photographs and their impact on students' preclinical skills. Materials and Methods: In a non‐randomised controlled crossover trial with two intervention arms, 92 undergraduates in their first preclinical course self‐enrolled in into the intervention group (A1‐INT) or control group (B1‐CT). The intervention group assessed photographic images of composite restorations before restoring an ivorine premolar with composite while the control group restored the same tooth without assessing the photographic exemplars. Intervention and control groups were swapped 3 days later in a second iteration (B2‐INT, A2‐CT). Data were analysed in SPSS® version 27 using nonparametric tests. Results: Students who did not complete all activities in the study were excluded. Therefore, 57 out of the 92 student participants were included in the study analysis. No significant differences were observed between intervention and control groups' ability to assess quality of photographic exemplars or restoring a tooth in both iterations. Conclusion: Students were able to identify the quality of composite restorations in photographic exemplars. It appears that assessing photographic exemplars did not have an immediate impact on students' ability to restore a tooth with composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on ten semi-structured interviews with mothers about their maternal selfie practices in order to explore how they use and navigate the form in relation to their motherhood identities and experiences. Whilst work on the form is still emerging, we examine the claim that maternal selfies offer space for a uniquely subjective expression/depiction of motherhood. As part of this, we explore how discussions of their selfie practices – and appraisals of the cultural circulation of the maternal selfie – resist and (re)produce discourses on acceptable digital and cultural paradigms of motherhood. The themes which emerged from these data were 1) the maternal selfie as empowerment, 2) authenticity as regulatory discourse and 3) the risks of negative affect. In drawing on work on neoliberal and intensive mothering frames, the article examines how the increasing emphasis (in digital cultures in particular) on displaying the complex realities of motherhood are implicated within the surveillance and self-surveillance of maternal visibility in ways which may (further) delimit the possibilities for maternal self-expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social workers routinely make judgements and decisions as part of their everyday practice. The nature and quality of these can have a significant and long‐lasting impact on the children and families concerned. In this paper, we present an analysis of more than 20 000 judgements (n = 21 193) made by social workers (n = 586) in relation to case vignettes, based on a series of anonymized referrals (n = 12) to social services in England. We do so to ascertain how accurately the social workers were able to predict subsequent actions, events and outcomes, and to calculate the ratio of true positives to false positives at various decision thresholds. We find that the social workers' predictions were more accurate than chance in relation to all but one of the referrals, albeit at the cost of a high rate of false positive errors. We consider these findings in relation to what appears to be a general lowering of the threshold for child protection interventions in England in recent years and in relation to who suffers the injustice of false positive errors in child and family social work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationship between common sense and taste in the history of aesthetic thought. “Common sense” guarantees the communication of tastes through different modalities. It can either facilitate agreement among individuals, fostering mutual understanding and envisaging a universal aesthetic community, or provoke disagreement. In the former scenario, common sense is literally common to everyone, while in the latter case, it implies diversity and dissensus. By associating the concept of taste with judgement and the sensible (Arendt and Rancière), we scrutinize some contemporary political interpretations of Kantian aesthetics. Through this analysis, we illustrate that common sense is intertwined with certain metaphysical assumptions that not only hinder its claims of universality but also introduce structural paradoxes within the system of aesthetic judgment. In the last section of the article, we explore these paradoxes, proposing another communicability beyond the confines of the judgment of taste or subjective limitations.

This paper approaches fictional telecinematic discourse from a perspective of inter-character negative evaluation in a specific context. The paper adapts a categorisation for interpersonal negative judgements and uses it to analyse instances of negative evaluation where participation in career practices are negotiated between the marital couple of Lucy and Ricky Ricardo in the classic sitcom I Love Lucy. A recurring theme in the show, Lucy’s desire to star in show business and Ricky’s attempts to thwart her ambitions have been discussed as both a representation of domestic containment typical to Post-War gender roles as well as an example of early feminist representation in televised sitcoms. The analysis reveals three intertwined facets of containment: Moral judgements condemning the oppressive behaviour of restricting Lucy’s access to career opportunities, moral judgements condemning the subversion of authority, and moral judgements of fairness condemning the distribution of social resources.

How to prioritise multiple objectives is a common dilemma of daily life. A simple and effective decision rule is to focus resources when the tasks are difficult, and divide when tasks are easy. Nonetheless, in experimental paradigms of this dilemma, participants make highly variable and suboptimal strategic decisions when asked to allocate resources to two competing goals that vary in difficulty. We developed a new version in which participants had to choose where to park a fire truck between houses of varying distances apart. Unlike in the previous versions of the dilemma, participants approached the optimal strategy in this task. Three key differences between the fire truck version and previous versions of the task were investigated: (1) Framing (whether the objectives are familiar or abstract), by comparing a group who placed cartoon trucks between houses to a group performing the same task with abstract shapes; (2) Agency (how much of the task is under the participants' direct control), by comparing groups who controlled the movement of the truck to those who did not; (3) Uncertainty, by adding variability to the driving speed of the truck to make success or failure on a given trial more difficult to predict. Framing and agency did not influence strategic decisions. When adding variability to outcomes, however, decisions shifted away from optimal. The results suggest choices become more variable when the outcome is less certain, consistent with exploration of response alternatives triggered by an inability to predict success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the digital age, social media has a significant impact on consumer perceptions. This business communication study examines the linguistic strategies used to express and repair negative electronic word of mouth (eWOM) in Hong Kong’s luxury hotel sector. The data, which were collected from travel forums, consist of 17,344 words from online hotel reviews (11,647 words) and responses (5,697 words) made by the visitors and senior hotel management of 18 five-star hotels. Using systemic functional linguistics as a framework, this study analyses the logical relations that exist between expectant and concessive conjunctions, as well as the evaluative judgment resources present in an appraisal system. The analysis focuses on the poor service standards framed in the complaints and how the hotel management responds to such situations differently, particularly with respect to repairing customer expectations. This study also examines how loyal fans and frequent travellers present their customer identity when dealing with service-related issues. By developing an understanding of how luxury hotels manage customer complaints, repair customer relationships, and protect their brand reputation through dynamic interactions, this study can provide valuable communication insights for the hotel sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social workers routinely make decisions and formulate care plans in the course of their work with children and families. These decisions and care plans are based at least in part on the professional judgement of the worker. An important component of judgemental quality is the extent to which explicit or implicit forecasts about the likelihood of different future actions and events are made with accuracy. In this article, we report an analysis of 21,193 forecasts made by 581 child and family social workers in England about the likelihood of different future actions and events following referrals to children's services. We found that the more likely social workers said an action or event was to happen (as the forecast likelihood increased towards 100 per cent), the more often it occurred. However, we also found that social workers tend to over-estimate the likelihood of almost all specified future actions and events. Social workers were most accurate when forecasting something to be very unlikely , and less accurate when they forecast something to be likely or very likely. We consider these findings in relation to false positive and negative errors in child protection, and the theory of judgemental rationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses girls and young women's experiences of spatial forms of judgement in the public spaces of their local areas. It posits the feminist question: what is the relationship between judgement, gender, youth, and the material realities that make up the public realm? Findings are derived from two seven-week long peer research projects on public space and gender with 13 individuals aged 16–27 who identified as young women from Trowbridge, Crewe, and London (UK). We suggest that young women do not only experience judgement interpersonally but as a physical material reality that permeates their daily lives on various scales from the objects that compose the public realm – a bench; to delineated spaces – a playground; to whole networks of spaces – the high street. Through these three scales, we argue that physical manifestations of judgement – far from being innocuous or subtle – shape the geographies that young women occupy and their affective experiences of public space. These experiences should not be viewed as totalising, however; young women navigate such realities and in many cases adopt techniques to overcome them. Using an intersectional feminist perspective, our paper argues that gender is not only inherent to the built environment but constituted through its material realities. We respond to both a recent push amongst feminist academics to draw attention to the inequalities wrought in the physicality of place; and a longstanding neglect within urbanism, planning, design, and feminism to address meaningfully youths, especially young women, and their experiences of – and exclusions from – public space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the prophecy of Zephaniah, the fate of Judah and that of foreign nations in the purposes of God are intertwined, both in regard to judgement and salvation. Judah needs to learn from God's dealings with the nations. God's verdict and judgement on the nations (1.14–18; 2.4–15) are lessons for sinful Jerusalem, which is under the same threat (2.1–3; 3.1–8). Likewise, but more positively, and this is the focus of the present article, cultic unfaithfulness in contemporary Judah (1.4–6) is set in contrast to the prospect of future cultic devotion to Y hwh by the nations of the world (2.11b; 3.9–10). The prediction of God's favourable dealings with the nations of the world is a salutary lesson to the Judahites and should motivate them to reform the cult and faithfully serve Y hwh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues that the history of rhetoric is a crucial resource for illuminating the theoretical importance of emotion in, for instance, reasoning, reading, knowing, acting, and judging. Taking its cue from two recent histories of rhetoric – Rita Copeland's Emotion and the History of Rhetoric in the Middle Ages (2021), and Benedict Robinson's Passion's Fictions from Shakespeare to Richardson (2021), which together trace thirteen centuries of the history of rhetoric, this essay reads these histories with one eye on their theoretical significance. It does so by extracting five theoretical vignettes concerning the role and value of emotion based on Copeland's and Robinson's histories of rhetoric: (1) emotional invention; (2) emotional style; (3) emotional knowledge; (4) emotional action; and (5) emotional judgement. In reading history in this way, i.e. for its theoretical significance, the essay seeks to carve out a middle space between theory and history, and thus offer a way of doing theoretically-minded history or historically-responsive theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary on Daniel Stader's recent article, “Algorithms Don't Have a Future: On the Relation of Judgement and Calculation” develops and complicates his argument by suggesting that algorithms ossify multiple kinds of prejudices, namely, the structural prejudices of the programmer and the exemplary prejudices of the dataset. This typology at once suggests that the goal of transparency may be impossible, but this impossibility enriches the possibilities for developing Stader's concept of reflected prejudiced use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about the opposite of judgement and calculation. This opposition has been a traditional anchor of critiques concerned with the rise of AI decision making over human judgement. Contrary to these approaches, it is argued that human judgement is not and cannot be replaced by calculation, but that it is human judgement that contextualises computational structures and gives them meaning and purpose. The article focuses on the epistemic structure of algorithms and artificial neural networks to find that they always depend on human judgement to be related to real life objects or purposes. By introducing the philosophical concept of judgement, it becomes clear that the property of judgement to provide meaning and purposiveness is based on the temporality of human life and the ambiguity of language, which quantitative processes lack. A juxtaposition shows that calculations and clustering can be used and referred to in more or less prejudiced and reflecting as well as opaque and transparent ways, but thereby always depend on human judgement. The paper clearly asserts that the transparency of AI is necessary for their autonomous use. This transparency requires the explicitness of the judgements that constitute these computational structures, thereby creating an awareness of the conditionality of such epistemic entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of customary marriage in Algerian society has raised problems since colonization and continues till today. and evolved with the development of society, its types and causes varied, and the opinions of scholars in its judgment varied between permissible or forbidden, However, customary marriages concluded in accordance with the provisions of the Islamic Sharia and fulfilled its elements and conditions a valid marriage that resulting all its effects, provided that it is proved by a judicial judgement and by the methods of proof which approved by law. The issue of establishing a customary marriage when one of the spouses is missing is more complex requires proof of the state of lost which requiring a judicial judgement. And then prove the fact of the marriage, which takes a long time to dissipate the evidence, thereby reducing the chance of proof., In view of the absence of legal texts regulating to proof customary marriage in general and proof of customary marriage of the missing person in particular , these cases remain pending in the courts, the rights are lost and the genealogy may be mixed.

Can ‘Dasein’, of Heideggerian memory, be the basis of a new ‘vision of penalty’? The recovery of the necessary knowability of the essence of the human being, in the assessment that can be made in a criminal trial, would open up, or at least remind us of, what should be the way forward in order to identify a method that would make both the offender and the magistrate fully involved in the trial, in the time it takes to pass sentence. In this context, it would be more than plausible to assume that issues such as awareness, understanding and involvement of the offender are not just formally valid words, but take on a deeper meaning, even on a substantive level. And perhaps it is precisely trial time, in these terms, that could represent the juncture in which both the offender and the magistrate discover each other in their authenticity.

İslâm hukukunda Hz. Peygamber'in sözleri kadar fiilleri de önemlidir. Bu fiillerden hangilerinin hüküm ifade ettiği ve bu hükmün mahiyetinin ne olduğu meselesi fıkıh usûlü tarihi boyunca tartışılmıştır. Vücûb, nedb ve ibâha yanında tevakkuf da savunulmuştur. Bütün taraflar görüşlerini aklî delillerin yanı sıra naklî delillerle de kanıtlamaya çalışmışlardır. Her dönemin usûlcüleri, Hz. Peygamber'in fiillerinin hükmü konusunda kendilerine intikal eden ilmî mirası değerlendirmiş, bazen görüşler arasında tercih yapmış bazen de yeni görüşler ortaya atmışlardır. Yedinci yüzyıla gelindiğinde büyük bir ilmî birikim ortaya çıkmıştır. Tahkik çağı olarak adlandırılan ve önceki ilmî birikimin detaylı ve mezhepler üstü bir araştırma ve incelemeyle yeniden üretildiği bu dönemin en önemli usûlcülerinden biri olan Âmidî (ö. 631/1233), kendisine intikal eden görüşleri tahlil etmiş, bu görüşlerin delillerini incelemiş, yeni görüşler ortaya koymuş ve bunları aklî delillerle müdafaa etmiştir. Ayrıca karşıt görüşleri savunanların argümanlarına da cevap vermeye çalışmıştır. Bu çalışmada Âmidî'nin konuya bakışı, benimsediği görüşleri nasıl temellendirdiği ve karşıt görüşleri savunanların iddialarına nasıl cevap verdiği tasvir yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir.

Abstract Background Assessment of trainee performance in the workplace is critical to ensuring high standards of clinical care. However, some supervisors find the task to be challenging, and may feel unable to deliver their true judgement on a trainee’s performance. They may ‘keep MUM’ (that is, keep mum about undesirable messages) and fail to fail an underperforming trainee. In this study, we explore the effect of discomfort on assessors. Methods Using a survey method, supervisors of trainees in the Australasian College of Dermatologists were asked to self-report experiences of discomfort in various aspects of trainee workplace assessment and for their engagement in MUM behaviours including failure to fail. Results Sixty-one responses were received from 135 eligible assessors. 12.5% of assessors self-reported they had failed to fail a trainee and 18% admitted they had grade inflated a trainee’s score on a clinical performance assessment in the previous 12-month period. Assessors who reported higher levels of discomfort in the clinical performance assessment context were significantly more likely to report previously failing to fail a trainee. The study did not reveal significant associations with assessor demographics and self-reports of discomfort or MUM behaviours. Conclusions This study reveals the impact of assessor discomfort on the accuracy of assessment information and feedback to trainees, including as a contributing factor to the failure to fail phenomenon. Addressing assessor experience of discomfort offers one opportunity to impact on the complex and multifactorial issue that failure to fail represents.

The notion of acquaintance is one of the pillars of Russell's philosophy and it remains at the center of work in the philosophy of mind and language. Russell's development of his theory of acquaintance was influenced by Brentano and Meinong. In this paper I will trace this Austrian Influence on the development of Russell's theory of acquaintance through two phases; one before and one after Russell introduced the multiple relation theory of judgement in 1907. I will use Brentano's view of the distinction between judgement and presentation to highlight problems with Russell's theories of acquaintance in both phases. In doing so I will give special attention to Russell's notion of experiencing together that plays a foundational role in the second phase. The paper concludes by recommending to Russell that he returns to Brentano's original ideas about judgement and presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If religious education aims to respond in a meaningful manner to contemporary apocalyptic interpretations, it needs clarity on its own theological positions. Such a point of view shall be formulated in this article: The specific of Christian apocalypticism will here be described as a distinct allocation of present and future hope. Although Christian apocalypticism anticipates God's intervention in the present, the hope that arises from this is not directed towards the present situation, but to the transcendent future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Cook Wilson is increasingly recognized as an important predecessor of ordinary language philosophy. He emphasizes the authority of ordinary language in philosophical theorizing. At the same time, however, he circumscribes the limits of that authority and identifies cases in which it threatens to mislead us. My aim is to consider in detail one case where, according to Cook Wilson, ordinary language has mislead philosophical theorizing. Judgement was one of the core notions of the logic, epistemology, and philosophy of mind of Cook Wilson's time. Cook Wilson rejects this notion, in the form developed by his contemporaries, in part because it is based on a problematic analogy between ordinary language and the thoughts expressed in that language. Cook Wilson's discussion of judgement also highlights the extent to which Cook Wilson was critical of, but also responsive to, his contemporaries. In addition, variants of the language-thought analogy Cook Wilson opposes continue to feature in twenty-first century epistemology and philosophy of mind. Cook Wilson's criticism of the analogy thus raises questions about recent work as well as the theories of his contemporaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]