Search

The offender always seeks to obliterate the features of his crime and not to leave any trace through which it can be inferred and the most important thing facing the criminal investigator in this case is to work to prove the facts and save what has been seen and collected at the place of committing the crime in all details and the union of all legal procedures about it as of paramount importance un detecting the crime and holding the offender accountable, using the scientific method and modern techniques with reliance on the efficiency of these investigators in dealing  with the criminal consequences that are later formed evidence of the involvement of the offender in the commission of the crime .

espanolEste estudio se centra fundamentalmente en el nuevo derecho de acceso a los elementos esenciales para impugnar la legalidad de la detencion policial y en la afeccion de algunas de las garantias constitucionales relacionadas con el. Las garantias del detenido de caracter penal previstas en el art. 17 de la Constitucion Espanola de 1978 (CE) y desarrolladas fundamentalmente en la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal (LECrim), hasta las reformas de 2015, no se acomodaban plenamente a la normativa mas reciente de la Union Europea (UE). Mediante las LLOO 5/2015, de 27 de abril y 13/2015, de 5 de octubre, surgieron algunas discrepancias en la interpretacion y aplicacion de alguna de ellas, especialmente en relacion con el nuevo derecho de acceso a los elementos de las actuaciones esenciales para impugnar la legalidad de la detencion frente al acceso al atestado previo a la declaracion del detenido en sede policial. Estas situaciones controvertidas han sido atendidas por la Comision Nacional de Coordinacion de Policia judicial (CNCPJ), Fiscalia General del Estado (FGE) y el Tribunal Constitucional (TC). EnglishThis study focuses mainly on the new right of access to the essential elements to challenge the legality of police arrest and on the affection of some constitutional guarantees related to it. The guarantees of the criminal arrested provided for in art. 17 Spanish Constitution of 1978 (EC) and developed fundamentally in the Criminal Procedure Law (LECrim), until the 2015 reforms, did not fully comply with the most recent regulations of the European Union (EU). Though LLOO 5/2015, of April 27 and 13/2015, of October 5, some discrepancies arose in the interpretation and application of some of them, especially in relation to the new of access to the elements of the essential actions for challenge the legality of the arrest against access to the report before to the arrestee’s statement at the police headquarters. These controversial situations have been addressed by the National Commission for the Coordination of the Judicial Police (CNCPJ), the State Attorney General’s Office (FGE) and the Constitutional Court (TC).

In the events such as fire, accident, injury or crime, the injured may need urgent help. The request for help by technological communication systems from the relevant institutions is called an emergency call. Emergency calls, which are used to provide quick and easy access to public services that require immediate intervention. While emergency call services aim to protect fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals, these services can also contribute to prevention of events that may harm many people. An important part of requests made to emergency call centers(ECC) consists of crime reports concerning law enforcement. In addition, since emergency calls are managed from a single center, notifications can also be made for emergencies related to public services that fall under the scope of administrative law. It is considered that if all reports, including crime reports, are managed from an ECC according to same procedure, it may constitute a violation of basic provisions regarding crime reporting. In this study, procedures regarding crime reporting in ECC, which were not covered in the doctrine, were examined in terms of the basic provisions regarding judicial law enforcement activities, and the special cases to be observed regarding crime reports were discussed in five subjects., Yangın, kaza, yaralanma, suç gibi olaylar yaşandığında zarar görenler acil yardıma ihtiyaç duyabilmektedir. Doğrudan zarar gören kişiler veya acil durumdan haberdar olan üçüncü kişilerin, ilgili kamu kurumlarından teknolojik haberleşme sistemlerini kullanarak yardım talep etmesi acil çağrı olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Ülkemizde kolluk, sağlık ve itfaiye gibi derhal müdahale gerektiren kamu hizmetlerine hızlı ve kolay erişim sağlamak için kullanılan acil çağrılar, valiliklere bağlı acil çağrı merkezlerinden yönetilmektedir. Acil çağrı hizmetleri kişilerin temel hak ve hürriyetlerini korumayı hedeflediği gibi bu hizmetler, çok sayıda kişiye zarar verebilecek olayların önlenmesine de katkı sağlayabilmektedir. Acil çağrı merkezlerine yapılan taleplerin önemli bir kısmını, kolluğu ilgilendiren suç ihbarları oluşturmaktadır. Buna ek olarak acil çağrıların tek merkezden yönetildiğinden dolayı yangın, kaza, afet gibi suç dışında kalan idare hukuku kapsamında kalan idari kolluk faaliyetleriyle ve kamu hizmetleriyle ilgili acil durumlar için de ihbar yapılabilmektedir. Suç ihbarları dahil tüm ihbarların tek merkezden aynı usule göre yönetilmesi durumunda suç ihbarına ilişkin temel hükümlere aykırılık oluşturabileceği değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada öğretide ele alınmamış olan acil çağrı merkezlerinde suç ihbarıyla ilgili yapılan işlemler, adli kolluk faaliyetlerine ilişkin temel hükümler açısından incelenmiş olup suç ihbarlarıyla ilgili gözetilmesi gereken özel durumlar beş konuda ele alınmıştır.

Governments and majoritarian political formations often present police violence as nationalist media spectacles, which marginalize the rights of the accused and normalize the discourse of majoritarian nationalism. In this study, we explore the public discourse of how the State and political actors repeatedly labeled a college-going student Ishrat Jahan, who died in a stage-managed police killing in India in 2004, as a terrorist. We draw from Derrida's ethics of unconditional hospitality to show that while police violence is aimed at constructing safety for the cultural majority, in reality, it reveals discourses of anxiety and precariousness. The unethicality of police violence lies in the enlargement of recognition in vicariously blaming the person who has been killed for being involved in several terror attacks. We show that police violence is premised on the temporal structure of majoritarian nationalism, the prevalence of gender inequity, and the call to breach the secular framework of law.

This paper examines the organization and role of the National Anti-corruption Commission as an anti-corruption institution in Cameroon and the extent to which it can successfully fight corruption. It was carried out by comparing it with other anti-corruption institutions. A qualitative research method was adopted to analyze the case in this study. This study holds that the Commission is not independent as it is directly responsible to the Head of State. It contends that its independence and the way of appointing its members should be reviewed to fight corruption. It should equally be decentralized and given Judicial Police powers.

Afetler geçmişten günümüze tarihin her döneminde yaşanmıştır. 21. yüzyıldan itibaren özellikle nüfusun hızla artması ve teknolojinin gelişmesi ile birlikte küresel çapta doğal ve insan (teknolojik) kaynaklı afetlerin sayısı da geçmişten günümüze kadar artarak devam etmiştir. İnsanlığın ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda yaptığı faaliyetler, doğal ve insan kaynaklı afetlerin artmasına neden olmuştur. KBRN ajanları, verdikleri zararlar ile toplumlar üzerinde derin izler bırakan olaylar olup hava, su ve toprak yolu ile çevreye yayılarak ekosistemde yol açtıkları tahribatın yanı sıra insan sağlığı üzerinde uzun vadeli zararlara neden olmaktadır. Özellikle savaş ve terör olaylarında KBRN ajanlarının potansiyel tehlikelerinden korunmak için her geçen gün KBRN olaylarına karşı alınacak tedbirler ve bilinmesi gereken güncel bilgiler afet yönetiminin önemini artırmaktadır. KBRN kaynaklı zararlar meydana geldiğinde günlük yaşamı olumsuz etkileyeceğinden afet yönetimi içerisinde değerlendirilmektedir. Bu maddeler için afet öncesinde, esnasında ve sonrasında yapılması gereken çalışmalar, canlıların yaşamlarını ve çevreyi korumada oldukça önemlidir. KBRN olayının başladığı andan itibaren yapılacak olan tüm müdahale faaliyetleri etkin bir planlama ile mümkündür. Bu nedenle ülkemiz ve dünya ülkeleri, yaşamış oldukları acı deneyimlerden yola çıkarak kendi afet yönetim sistemlerini oluşturmuştur. Dolayısıyla alınacak tedbirler bölgeden bölgeye farklılık göstermektedir. KBRN olaylarına müdahale edebilmesi beklenen ve istenen ilk ekipler, kamu kurumları ve paydaşlarıdır. KBRN tehlikesi içeren ve oldukça fazla yaşanan bu olaylar, çok kurumlu bir müdahale gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada herhangi bir KBRN ajanından kaynaklanan tehlikelerle mücadelede yer alabilecek gerek ulusal gerekse uluslararası oluşturulmuş olan yapılanmalar ve faaliyetleri ile bu kapsamda oluşturulmuş mevzuatların gelişimi incelenmiştir. İncelenen literatür çalışmalarında; KBRN ve toksikolojik afetler ile ilgili oluşturulmuş yapılanmalar konusunda ulaşılan çalışmaların çoğunda genel olarak varılan sonuç; KBRN ajanları, bu maddelere maruz kalma, kontaminasyon ve KBRN olaylarına özel hazırlık ve müdahale gereksinimlerine vurgu yapılmaktadır. Ülkemizde ve dünya ülkelerinde kurumsal yapılanmalar ile ilgili çalışmalara çok az rastlanmakta ve çoğu çalışmada afet yönetimi sistemi ile ilgili çalışmalara ağırlık verildiği dikkat çekmektedir. Tez çalışmamızda olduğu gibi, adli tıp ve adli bilimler öncülüğünde alan çalışmaları yapılarak, uygulamalara ve literatürlere büyük katkı sunulacağını düşünmekteyiz. Disasters have occurred in every period of history from the past to the present. Since the 21st century, especially with the rapid in crease in population and the development of technology, the number of natural and human (technological) induced disasters on a global scale has continued to increase from the pastto the present day. His activities in accordance with theneeds of humanity have led to an increase in natural and human-caused disasters. CBRN agents are events that leave deep traces on societies, causing long-term damage to human health as well as the damage they cause to theeco system by spreading to the environment by air, water and soil. The measures to be taken and the up-to-date informations that need to be know nagainst the potential dangers of CBRN agents, especially in wars and terrorist incidents, are increasing he importance of disaster management day by day. It is evaluated in disaster management because it will negatively affect daily life when CBRN-induced damages occur. For these substances, the work that needs to be done before, during and after a disaster is very important in protecting the lives of living beings and the environment. All intervention activities that will be carried out from the moment the CBRN incident begins are possible with effective planning. For this reason, our country and the countries of the world have created the irown disaster management systems based on the bitter experiences they have experienced. Therefore, the measures to be taken vary from region to region. The first teams that are expected and requested to be able to intervene in CBRN event sare public institution sand their stake holders. These events, which contain a danger of CBRN and ocur quite a lot, require multi-institutional intervention. In this study, the structures and activities that have been established both nationally and internationally that may be involved in combating the dangers caused by any CBRN agent and the development of legislation created in this context have been examined. Inreviewed literary studies; in most of the studies on the structures created in relation to CBRN and toxicological disasters, the general conclusion was reached; theem phasis is placed on special preparation and response requirements for CBRN agents, exposure to these substances, contamination, and CBRN events. There are very few studies on institutional structures in our country and in the countries of the world, and it is worth noting that most studies focus on studies on the disaster management system. As in our thesis, we think that by conducting field studies under the leadership of forensic medicine and forensic sciences, a great contribution will be made to the practice and the literature.

This paper analyses the legal and practical implementation of the right to be heard and be represented of children in criminal proceedings, both in the framework of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and in the context of Estonian and Cambodian legal systems. Estonia has been chosen as a model state of EU by which also the EU principles are reflected. Particularly, this paper provides a comparative analysis of the implementation of a child’s right to be heard and be represented in Estonia and Cambodia by examining the legal standards concerning children’s right to be heard and be represented enshrined under the CRC together with the regulations and policies of each respective country, and, to a smaller extent, how the principles of the CRC are reflected in EU law and policies. Examples of actual practices in Estonia and Cambodia are discussed to understand whether both countries are compliant with the principles of the CRC. This paper suggests that Estonia and Cambodia both acknowledge their human rights obligations regarding children’s rights, and their legal regulations and policies are in accordance with the CRC principles. However, there remain gaps in the implementation of these policies and regulations in both countries. This view is justified by the analysis of the performance of judicial professionals, including judicial police, lawyers, prosecutors and judges. While critically analyzing the challenges, this article also suggests changes to address the problem.

Le 7 avril 1919, la police judiciaire près les parquets est instituée en Belgique. Présentée comme la solution aux carences de la police judiciaire, elle est rapidement oubliée par le monde politique, et particulièrement par les parlementaires en charge de voter les finances qui lui sont allouées. La PJP ressort en effet du budget du ministère de la Justice et particulièrement des tribunaux de première instance : de ce fait, les moyens budgétaires qui lui sont affectés sont noyés dans des chiffres qui occultent sa réalité financière. De surcroît, le monde politique semble nier ses spécificités en assimilant le système de rémunération de ses effectifs à celui des autres agents et fonctionnaires de l’État. Cette contribution a pour ambition d’analyser en quoi la construction des budgets du ministère de la Justice et des barèmes occulte les réalités policières et participe, par cet aveuglement, à un mouvement de revendication sociale au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. On April 7, 1919, the judicial police at the public prosecutor's office was established in Belgium. Presented as the solution to the shortcomings of the judicial police, it was quickly forgotten by the political world, and particularly by the parliamentarians in charge of voting the finances allocated to it. The judicial police at the public prosecutor's office is indeed part of the budget of the Ministry of Justice and particularly of the courts of first instance: as a result, the budgetary means allocated to it are drowned in figures that hide its financial reality. Moreover, the political world seems to deny its specificities by assimilating the remuneration system of its staff to that of other agents and civil servants of the State. This contribution aims to analyze how the construction of the budgets of the Ministry of Justice and of the scales obscures the realities of the police and participates, through this blindness, in a movement of social demands in the aftermath of the Second World War. El 7 de abril de 1919 se creó en Bélgica la policía judicial en la fiscalía. Presentada como la solución a las carencias de la policía judicial, fue rápidamente olvidada por el mundo político y, en particular, por los parlamentarios encargados de votar los fondos destinados a ella. En efecto, la policía judicial forma parte del presupuesto del Ministerio de Justicia y, en particular, de los tribunales de primera instancia: por ello, los medios presupuestarios que se le asignan están ahogados en cifras que ocultan su realidad financiera. Además, el mundo político parece negar sus especificidades asimilando el sistema de remuneración de su personal al de otros agentes y funcionarios del Estado. Esta contribución pretende analizar cómo la construcción de los presupuestos y las escalas salariales del Ministerio de Justicia oscurece las realidades policiales y, a través de esta ceguera, participa en un movimiento de reivindicación social tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Am 7. April 1919 wurde in Belgien die Kriminalpolizei bei den Staatsanwaltschaften eingeführt. Sie wurde als Lösung für die Mängel der Kriminalpolizei angepriesen, wurde aber von der Politik und insbesondere von den Parlamentariern, die für die Bewilligung der ihr zugewiesenen Finanzen zuständig waren, schnell vergessen. Die Kriminalpolizei fällt unter den Haushalt des Justizministeriums und insbesondere der erstinstanzlichen Gerichte, so dass die ihr zugewiesenen Haushaltsmittel in Zahlen untergehen, die ihre finanzielle Realität verschleiern. Darüber hinaus scheint die Politik ihre Besonderheiten zu verleugnen, indem sie das Gehaltssystem ihrer Mitarbeiter mit dem der anderen Staatsbediensteten und Beamten gleichsetzt. Dieser Beitrag soll analysieren, inwiefern die Konstruktion der Haushalte des Justizministeriums und der Tarife die polizeilichen Realitäten verschleiert und durch diese Blindheit an einer sozialen Forderungsbewegung nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg teilhat.

El objetivo propuesta en esta investigación consiste, en realizar un análisis estadístico de la percepción que tienen los agentes encubiertos de la ciudad de Cartagena sobre las funciones legales que tienen en nuestro país. La metodología empleada fue la de la investigación socio jurídica y aplicada para el derecho, y las técnicas de recolección de la información fueron las primarias ya que se aplicaron encuestas sociales en agentes encubiertos de la ciudad de Cartagena para establecer su percepción sobre las funciones de los agentes infiltrados en Colombia, además se utilizaron fuentes secundarias como la ficha bibliográfica que permiten realizar un análisis de contenido a libros, capítulos de libros y artículos científicos que nos permiten establecer el estado de la discusión sobre las funciones de los agentes encubierto. Hallamos que los análisis estadísticos de las encuestas sociales aquí esbozadas científicamente son útiles en su incorporación en el derecho, que como disciplina que está en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales, requiere de un cambio epistemológico radical que incorpore los conceptos de totalidad indeterminación y movimiento a los enfoques jurídicos sociales (texto-contexto).

This article aims to identify, verify and examine the documents of the Women's Police Station (DDM) of the Judicial Police of Marilia city in the perspective of a cross-sectional study in the quantitative modality using the thematic analysis technique, carried out based on police reports of violence against women (BO), in order to reveal the magnitude of violence through a qualitative approach, contributing to the advancement in the understanding of this complex phenomenon that lacks effective health interventions. The analysis portrayed women vulnerability factors and relationships of inequality across their attackers, as well as the coercive behaviors and control. Death threats occur under different conditions and forms, physical assaults are degrading, and verbal assaults, moral damage, intimidation, persecution and injuries are also evident. Violence that generates insecurity and fear in women who seek in the police report a right that should be irrevocable life. It is understood that it is essential to articulate preventive intersectorial actions and promotion of health in order to break the violence cycle.

The debate on the change of model in the pre-trial phase of criminal proceedings from the traditional investigative function attributed to the Judges in accordance with the model proposed by the Criminal Procedure Act of 1882, to that of an Investigating Prosecutor subject, in terms of the intervention of fundamental rights, to a Judge of Guarantees, involves a series of reflections which, among others, they range from a historical consideration of the model, an analysis of the current situation, together with the European map of references and, finally, the hypothetical design of this function with the collateral demands of its budgetary cost, changes in the judicial organization, the debate on the Judicial Police model and profound changes in terms of the Organic Statute of the Public Prosecutor's Office.

RESUMEN El artículo tiene como objetivo discutir el rol de la Policía desde el cruce entre la antropometría, el detectivismo y la Policía Judicial en Colombia a principios del siglo XX. Con base en material inédito de archivo, prensa y revistas de la época, se reconstruye el caso de la deportación de Emilio Napoleón Ravalletty, un migrante francés, sospechoso de robo y presuntamente indocumentado. Dada la confluencia entre las políticas raciales de migración, las nociones de seguridad y los imaginarios de peligrosidad social, se analizan las prácticas de registro antropométrico, la construcción de prueba como ejercicio detectivesco y la administración de justicia a cargo de la Policía. Con este acercamiento se evidencian, primero, las estrategias con las cuales se fabrica la noción de sujeto pernicioso; segundo, cómo el prejuicio es objeto de racionalización; y, tercero, la fragilidad del límite entre positivo y falso positivo como parte constitutiva de la prevención y la anticipación. ABSTRACT The objective of the article is to discuss the role of the police from a perspective that combines anthropometrics, detective work, and the Judicial Police in Colombia at the beginning of the 20th century. On the basis of unpublished archival materials, as well as newspapers and magazines of the period, the article reconstructs the case of the deportation of Emilio Napoleón Ravalletty, a French migrant, allegedly undocumented and suspected of robbery. Given the convergence of racial migration policies, notions of security, and imaginaries of social danger, it analyzes the anthropometric record practices, the construction of evidence as part of investigative detective work, and the administration of justice by the Police. This approach evinces, firstly, the strategies used to create the notion of pernicious subject; secondly, the manner in which prejudice is rationalized; and thirdly, the fragility of the boundary between positive and false positive, as a constitutive element of prevention and anticipation. RESUMO O artigo tem como objetivo discutir o papel da Polícia a partir do cruzamento entre a antropometria, o detetivismo e a Polícia Judicial na Colômbia no início do século XX. Com base em material inédito de arquivo, imprensa e revistas da época, reconstrói-se o caso da deportação de Emilio Napoleón Ravalletty, um migrante francês suspeito de roubo e supostamente não documentado. Dada a confluência entre as políticas raciais de migração, as noções de segurança e os imaginários de perigo social, analisam-se as práticas de registro antropométrico, a construção de prova como exercício detetivesco e a administração de justiça a cargo da Polícia. Com essa aproximação, evidenciam-se, primeiro, as estratégias com as quais a noção de sujeito pernicioso é fabricada; segundo, como o preconceito é objeto de racionalização, e terceiro, a fragilidade do limite entre positivo e falso positivo, como parte constitutiva da prevenção e a antecipação.

Este artículo rastrea la emergencia, ascenso y declive del aparato policial encargado del control de drogas dentro del Departamento de Salubridad Pública (DSP, después Secretaría de Salubridad y Asistencia, SSA) entre 1917 y principios de la década de 1960. El artículo examina los orígenes y cambios organizacionales del aparato policial de Narcóticos, las prácticas de sus agentes en el ejercicio de la regulación de las leyes de la época y las razones de su lenta –pero progresiva– pérdida de importancia hacia inicios de la década de los años cuarenta en favor de la Policía Judicial anclada en la Procuraduría General de la República, el Ejército, así como de otras policías locales. Así, este artículo presenta –a partir de un estudio de caso– el cambio de paradigma con que el Estado mexicano modificó gradualmente su interpretación del problema de las drogas, mismo que pasa de estar asociado a temas relativos a la salud pública a ser codificado en términos de seguridad.La principal base documental del artículo es el Archivo Histórico de la Secretaría de Salud (AHSSA), sitio en el que se conservan los informes de labores de la Policía de Narcóticos del DSP, así como los registros de su personal.

The inferential or preliminary investigations stage means those measures that the judicial police officers and their agents take in searching and investigating crimes to find out the perpetrators and how it occurred and attribute it to them. It is a stage prior to a public lawsuit and therefore it is a precedent for judicial work, and therefore it should be legitimate, because of that it should not be exercised by those who were not empowered by law to perform it, just as it is not permissible for judicial police officers and their agents exceeding the limits of the powers assigned to them and obliged to use legitimate means. and he initial investigation stage occupies a special importance that it is the stage on which all phases of the public., L'étape des enquêtes déductives ou préliminaires désigne les mesures que les officiers de police judiciaire et leurs agents prennent pour rechercher et enquêter sur les délits afin de découvrir les auteurs et comment ils se sont produits et de les attribuer. Il s'agit d'une étape antérieure à un procès public et, par conséquent, c'est un précédent pour le travail judiciaire, et donc il devrait être légitime, car il ne devrait pas être exercé par ceux qui n'étaient pas habilités par la loi à l'exécuter, tout comme il est pas autorisé pour les officiers de police judiciaire et leurs agents dépassant les limites des pouvoirs qui leur sont attribués et obligés d'utiliser des moyens légitimes. autorisés à inspecter ces délits, soit en élargissant la juridiction régionale du police.   &nbsp

A lo largo del presente trabajo se analiza, por un lado, la evolución de la Policía Judicial y de su intervención en el proceso penal en cuanto órgano auxiliar de la Administración de Justicia, y, por otro lado, como la mayor atribución de competencias ha llevado a nuestros Tribunales a admitir como prueba pericial los informes emitidos por los funcionarios policiales que intervienen en la investigación y que, a diferencia de los informes emitidos por la Brigada de Policía Científica, no se basan en datos científicos o técnicos sino en conocimientos prácticos, con la problemática que de ello se deriva. Asimismo se analiza el contenido del ALECrim de 2020 en torno a esta materia. This article analyzes the evolution of the Judicial Police and his intervention in the criminal process, first, as an auxiliary of the administration of justice and, second, as the greater attribution of competences has led our Courts to admit as expert evidence the reports issued by the police officers involved in the investigation and which, unlike the reports issued by the Scientific Police Brigade, are not based on scientific or technical data but on knowledge practical, with the problems that derive from it. Likewise, the content of the ALECrim 2020 is analyzed on this matter.

The debate on the change of model in the pre-trial phase of criminal proceedings from the traditional investigative function attributed to the Judges in accordance with the model proposed by the Criminal Procedure Act of 1882, to that of an Investigating Prosecutor subject, in terms of the intervention of fundamental rights, to a Judge of Guarantees, involves a series of reflections which, among others, they range from a historical consideration of the model, an analysis of the current situation, together with the European map of references and, finally, the hypothetical design of this function with the collateral demands of its budgetary cost, changes in the judicial organization, the debate on the Judicial Police model and profound changes in terms of the Organic Statute of the Public Prosecutor's Office. El debate sobre el cambio de modelo en la fase de instrucción del proceso penal pasando de la tradicional función instructora atribuida a los jueces conforme al modelo propuesto por la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal de 1882, al de un fiscal investigador sujeto, en cuanto a intervención de derechos fundamentales, a un juez de garantías, implica un conjunto de reflexiones que, entre otras, van desde una consideración histórica del modelo, un análisis de la situación actual, junto con el mapa europeo de referencias y, finalmente, el hipotético diseño de esa función con las exigencias colaterales de su coste presupuestario, los cambios en la organización judicial, el debate sobre el modelo de Policía Judicial y profundos cambios en cuanto al Estatuto Orgánico del Ministerio Fiscal.

The concern of this study is to reflect on the managerial autonomy of the judicial police, more specifically with regard to political disagreements from the Executive Branch, regarding the functional exercise of the body. This article aims to analyze the need to grant administrative, financial and functional autonomy to the Federal and Civil police for the purposes of implementing the principles of the Democratic Rule of Law. To this end, a qualitative research was carried out, through the bibliographic survey of books, magazines and electronic articles by authors such as Ferrajoli (2010), Barros Filho (2011), Castro (2015), Garcez (2016), among others, seeking to emphasize that considering that police investigation is an essential function of justice, the State must guarantee the means for it to take place in an impartial and ethical manner. As a result, it appears that it will be impossible to preserve the good performance of the judicial police as long as it remains vulnerable to political, social and economic pressures, and the 1988 Federal Constitution should be amended so that both the autonomy of that and the functional independence of the police chief are ensured. La preocupación de este estudio es reflexionar sobre la autonomía gerencial de la Policía Judicial, más específicamente en lo que se refiere a los desacuerdos políticos del Poder Ejecutivo, en cuanto al ejercicio funcional del órgano. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la necesidad de otorgar autonomía administrativa, financiera y funcional a la Policía Federal y Civil a los efectos de implementar los principios del Estado Democrático de Derecho. Para ello, se realizó una investigación cualitativa, mediante el relevamiento bibliográfico de libros, revistas y artículos electrónicos de autores como Ferrajoli (2010), Barros Filho (2011), Castro (2015), Garcez (2016), entre otros, buscando Destacar que considerando que la investigación policial es una función esencial de la justicia, el Estado debe garantizar los medios para que ésta se desarrolle de manera imparcial y ética. Como resultado, parece que será imposible preservar el buen desempeño de la policía judicial mientras siga siendo vulnerable a las presiones políticas, sociales y económicas, y la Constitución Federal de 1988 debe ser enmendada para que tanto la autonomía de ésta como la independencia funcional del jefe de policía están asegurados. A preocupação deste estudo é refletir sobre a autonomia gerencial da polícia judiciária, mais especificamente no que se refere aos desmandos políticos provenientes do Poder Executivo, quanto ao exercício funcional do órgão. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a necessidade de que seja concedida a autonomia administrativa, financeira e funcional às polícias Federal e Civil para fins de efetivação dos princípios do Estado Democrático de Direito. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, através do levantamento bibliográfico de livros, revistas e artigos eletrônicos de autores como Ferrajoli (2010), Barros Filho (2011), Castro (2015), Garcez (2016), entre outros, buscando enfatizar que haja vista que a investigação policial é uma função essencial da justiça, o Estado deve garantir meios para que esta ocorra de maneira imparcial e ética. Como resultados, tem-se que será impossível preservar a boa atuação da polícia judiciária enquanto essa permanecer vulnerável às pressões políticas, sociais e econômicas, devendo a Constituição Federal de 1988 ser emendada para que tanto a autonomia daquela quanto a independência funcional do delegado de polícia sejam assegurados. A preocupação deste estudo é refletir sobre a autonomia gerencial da polícia judiciária, mais especificamente no que se refere aos desmandos políticos provenientes do Poder Executivo, quanto ao exercício funcional do órgão. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a necessidade de que seja concedida a autonomia administrativa, financeira e funcional às polícias Federal e Civil para fins de efetivação dos princípios do Estado Democrático de Direito. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, através do levantamento bibliográfico de livros, revistas e artigos eletrônicos de autores como Ferrajoli (2010), Barros Filho (2011), Castro (2015), Garcez (2016), entre outros, buscando enfatizar que haja vista que a investigação policial é uma função essencial da justiça, o Estado deve garantir meios para que esta ocorra de maneira imparcial e ética. Como resultados, tem-se que será impossível preservar a boa atuação da polícia judiciária enquanto essa permanecer vulnerável às pressões políticas, sociais e econômicas, devendo a Constituição Federal de 1988 ser emendada para que tanto a autonomia daquela quanto a independência funcional do delegado de polícia sejam assegurados.

Treball Final de Grau en Criminologia i Seguretat. Codi: CS1044. Curs acadèmic: 2019/2020 Las graves consecuencias que la operativa delincuencial conocida como blanqueo de capitales ocasiona a los Estados modernos la convierten en un objetivo de seguridad tanto nacional como de ámbito superior. Entre las prioridades en materia de seguridad europea del Ciclo Político de la UE 2018-2021, tras un estudio de amenazas, se estableció como una de las prioridades horizontales el blanqueo de capitales y la recuperación de activos. Por tal motivo las estrategias de reacción social frente al mismo son múltiples desde la prevención general y la especial. A las dificultades conceptuales de definir qué es blanquear capitales, por qué resulta necesaria la lucha contra el mismo y cuándo se está ante una infracción penal, que no administrativa, se unen otras de carácter operativo como las relacionadas con la investigación preprocesal y del aporte de prueba en el procedimiento penal. Tras definir el marco conceptual y normativo, el TFG abordará las formas habituales y tendencias actuales del blanqueo a fin de que, mediante el análisis de los “indicadores” de la actividad criminal, se desemboque en el diseño de métodos de investigación. A continuación se analizarán los distintos actores que en España pueden intervenir a la hora de iniciar la investigación del blanqueo de capitales, haciendo especial incidencia en los problemas que halla en este campo la policía judicial a la hora de luchar contra esta actividad criminal. Se tratará la metodología general, que, dentro de las garantías del Estado de Derecho, emplean las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado para la investigación de la delincuencia económica, así como sus escollos, límites, demandas y previsión de futuro. The serious consequences that the criminal operation known as money laundering causes to modern states make it a security objective both nationally and internationally. Among the priorities in European security of the EU Political Cycle 2018-2021, after a study of threats was established as one of the horizontal priorities money laundering and asset recovery. For this reason, there are multiple strategies for general and special prevention. In addition to the conceptual difficulties of defining what money laundering is, why it is necessary to fight against it and when it is a criminal offence, which is not administrative, there are others of an operational nature such as those related to pre-procedural investigation and the provision of evidence in criminal proceedings.After defining the conceptual and normative framework, the TFG will address the usual forms and current trends of laundering so that, through the analysis of the "indicators" of criminal activity, the design of investigation methods will be facilitated. Next, we will analyze the different actors that in Spain can intervene at the time of initiating the investigation of the money laundering, making special incidence in the problems that the judicial police finds in this field when fighting this criminal activity.The general methodology will be discussed, which, within the guarantees of the rule of law, is used by the State Security Forces and Corps to investigate economic crime, as well as its pitfalls, limits, demands and future prospects.

Treball Final de Grau en Criminologia i Seguretat. Codi: CS1044. Curs acadèmic: 2019/2020 En este trabajo se estudiará que es la Policía Judicial, como está organizada y como se regula en nuestro sistema jurídico, principalmente su labor en la investigación de los delitos y el descubrimiento de sus autores, en base a su función de auxiliares de los órganos jurisdiccionales y del Ministerio Fiscal. Esta labor será analizada estructurando el contenido atendiendo a sus funciones en la fase preprocesal y en la fase de instrucción realizando los actos de investigación a los fines indicados haciendo referencia a los más significativos algunos por afectar a los derechos fundamentales y otros por la frecuencia en su utilización. Así, como su intervención en la fase de enjuiciamiento haciendo hincapié en los criterios a seguir para la valoración de sus declaraciones e informes en el acto del juicio oral. Todo ello, sin olvidar su actuación con relación a las víctimas de los delitos y con los menores cuando son presuntos autores de hechos delictivos. In this work we will study what the Judicial Police is, how it is organized and how it is regulated in our legal system, mainly its work in the investigation of crimes and the discovery of their perpetrators, based on their role as auxiliary to the organs jurisdictional and the Public Prosecutor's Office. This work will be analyzed by structuring the content according to its functions in the pre-trial phase and in the investigation phase, carrying out the investigation acts for the indicated purposes, referring to the most significant ones, some for affecting fundamental rights and others for the frequency in their use, as well as their intervention in the trial phase, emphasizing the criteria to be followed for the evaluation of their statements and reports in the act of oral proceedings. All this, without forgetting their actions in relation to the victims of crimes and with minors when they are alleged perpetrators of criminal acts