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Constanţa is currently considered as one of the most important Romanian cities in economic and social terms. Constanta's economic activity can be seen as the result of specific natural resources (direct access to the Black Sea, littoral strip, climate conditions), as well as of the efforts to capitalize its natural and anthropic resources. This study is based on a meso-economic analysis of the evolution of several relevant indicators, which characterize the situation of the companies in Constanţa (Romania). The results obtained by data processing, representing the indicators from the financial and accounting balance sheets submitted by active companies in Constanţa in 2016 and 2017 highlight the main short-term trends in the economic activity of this city. In terms of data processing, quantitative statistical methods and the SPSS statistical software were used.

Tourism can bring a significant contribution to the development of every national economy, butalso of the European economy as a whole. Against this background, we consider it appropriate todiscuss the new challenges currently facing tourism in Europe, such as demographic change andconsumer behavior. This paper analyzes the age group structure of the resident tourists from 29 Europeancountries, in terms of the domestic trips taken in 2016. On the one hand, the quantitative results(obtained by processing the values of the indicator “number of tourists”, by the CFA method)highlight the size of the domestic tourist traffic and, on the other hand, they shape the touristprofile of each country, in terms of the size and share of each age category of tourists. Moreover,these results enrich the knowledge of the tourists’ behavior in terms of their age, representing auseful tool when structuring the domestic tourist supply.

The study of tourism activities involves the use of databases that provide information about thesize, evolution and structure of this economic and social activity. The statistical indicators specificto the domestic and international tourist traffic comply with these requirements; however, byprocessing them by certain statistical methods, there are provided more information of a differentnature. In this context, our paper points out that, by applying the CFA method, in processing adatabase for the "number of tourists" indicator, we can enrich our knowledge of the particularitiesrelated to the participation of each country (out of the 29 analyzed) in each age group, in terms ofdomestic tourism. By analyzing the structure of each age group of tourists, we can identifysimilarities and differences between the analyzed countries regarding the domestic travel demand;moreover, this analysis can also play a useful role in guiding the development of new tourismproducts and services, satisfying the residents’ specific needs.

The structure of the economic activity undertaken by the companies in Constanta city is different from that of any other locality in Romania. This is due to the existence of the largest Romanian port by the Black Sea on the territory of Constanta city, which is also a port by the Danube, via the Danube-Black Sea Canal. Moreover, Mamaia, the largest tourist resort on the Romanian seaside, belongs to Constanta city. Furthermore, in Constanta city other important economic operators from other fields of activity are conducting their business. The present study includes the analysis of the labor productivity evolution registered by the active companies in Constanta county in the years 2016-2017, based on the indicators from the financial accounting balance sheets. For data processing, we have used the SPSS statistical software and quantitative statistical methods. The interpretation of the results obtained can be useful to current and potential entrepreneurs in carrying out economic activities in those areas of activity where a higher efficiency of the work done by workers is achieved.

It is thought that tourism started to display a significant activity only towards the end of the nineteenth century. At the international level, its development has been almost explosive since the 1960s; therefore, the current period is characterized by a real revolution in travel. However, in most countries, tourism is characterized by a seasonal evolution. The objective of this paper is represented by the comparative analysis of the seasonality in the tourism activities from Romania and Bulgaria, with a reference to the average seasonality registered in the EU member countries. For the quantitative research carried out in this study, we processed a database consisting of the monthly values of “the total number of overnight stays” indicator, recorded between January 2005 and December 2016, using the moving average method, the seasonality coefficient and EViews 5. The results led to the formulation of comparative assessments regarding the seasonality in the tourism activities from Romania and Bulgaria and their situation compared to the average of the seasonality recorded in the EU.

In recent decades, although most tourists have made several trips during a year, the average length of their vacations has decreased. The tendency to reduce the average length of stay of tourists has been evident in many destinations around the world in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to conduct an analysis of how the average length of stay of tourists in the main categories of destinations in Romania has evolved over the last decade, providing details about the evolution regarding tourist destinations located in the Romanian Black Sea coastal area. Starting from the possible causes identified in this paper, of the almost continuous decrease in the average length of stay in these destinations, we consider it necessary to undertake more in-depth studies, to find out the causes of these developments, which will be the basis of future development and marketing strategies regarding the respective tourist resorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to bring a fresh perspective on current trends of global tourism by providing examples of best practice of costal tourism as key driver of sustainable regional development. Following the example of Balearic Region of Spain, the article is designed to contribute to a more sustainable approach to destination management. Tourism is one of the world's fastest growing industries and an important source of foreign exchange and employment, while being closely linked to the social, economic, and environmental well-being of many countries, beginning with small countries and ending with large geo-economic regions. Over the last years, sustainability became a top priority for many industries, including global travel and tourism, which accounts for between 8 and 11 percent of the world's emissions. Given its importance, tourism has the opportunity and responsibility to address many of the challenges faced by our societies while transforming itself to address its socio-economic impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourist traffic and the tourism sector have been felt globally, but to different extents, depending on the tourism regions and countries. In Romania, the decrease recorded in tourist traffic during the pandemic period has been severe, but within the limits of the average recorded in European Union Member States and with considerably different values, depending on the categories of tourist destinations in the country. The main challenge for Romania remains carrying out a large-scale promotion campaign on the foreign markets related to its tourist offer, given the modest results obtained so far in attracting foreign tourists, despite the tourism potential that it has. The post-COVID-19 period could represent a reset of tourism in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chambers of Commerce and Industry are organizations of businesspeople meant to represent and defend the interests of the entrepreneurs in a city, an area or a country. They are of considerable age and are found in almost every country of the world. In Constanța (Romania), the first Chamber of Commerce of the historical region Dobrudja was founded in 1880 and was operational until 1949, when all the territorial Chambers in Romania were dissolved by the communist regime. Later, after the change of political regime, in 1990, the Chamber was re-established, currently being known as Constanța Chamber of Commerce. This paper highlights a series of important events and contributions of this organization to the economic and social development of Dobrudja region. The analysis of a considerable number of documents from the archives made it possible to highlight some very interesting information regarding the activity of Constanța's "old" Chamber of Commerce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International tourism, worldwide, is in an unprecedented situation, the current crisis - the SARS CoV-2 pandemic being estimated to have a much stronger impact on the arrival of international tourists worldwide than the effects of the previous 3 crises which affected tourism (the SARS pandemic, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and the global economic crisis. Most countries have taken measures to restrict traffic, close borders, isolate their population, quarantine the infected people, and equip hospitals to fight this "invisible enemy". However, economic activities, including tourism, must be resumed. People are tired of restrictions, they want to travel, even if they have to follow new rules so as to coexist with the new virus. Depending on the epidemiological evolution and the measures taken, Romania can attract more tourists, Romanian and foreigners, especially to the seaside. However, the absence of adequate, measures, can lead to severe restrictions upon tourism activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Romanian seaside represents the area with the highest concentration of accommodation units in Romania. Of all the 17 Sea side touristic resorts and localities, the most famous is Mamaia, considered by many as being the "Pearl of the Romanian seaside". In August 2016, the resort made 110 years of existence. The purpose of this study is that, through a desk research, on some qualitative information on the economic and social activity of Constanta city, between the end of the XIXth century and beginning of the XXth century, to present some marketing activities that had a great impact on the creation and development of Mamaia resort and Mamaia brand. Our approach seeks to emphasize that, in a period during which, marketing was only appearing as a science in the economic developed countries, various documents recorded that in Constanta and Mamaia, there were carried out practical marketing activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of a broader analysis of the business environment in Constanta County in 2016 and 2017. The present study includes the dynamic analysis of two economic and financial indicators: the value added and the average number of employees registered and reported by the companies operating in the urban localities of Constanta County. The quantitative research carried out helps to identify the urban localities where the highest values of the analyzed indicators are concentrated, provides information about their hierarchy and importance in the economy of Constanta County. The results obtained from this study represent a database used to perform comparative analyses regarding the economic profile of urban localities (in terms of the indicators used), but also a starting point (for the managers of the companies and the decision-makers in the localities / county of Constanta) in terms of deciding the strategy for increasing the economic and financial performance, of adopting policies correlated with the current economic and social context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]