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1. Preliminary research of superstitious behavior in orienteering

Author

Bačanac Ljubica and Juhas Irina V.

Subjects
rituals, age, gender, competion experience, self-confidence, orienteering, Recreation. Leisure, GV1-1860
Abstract

Superstitious behaviors stem from athletes' need to reduce competitive pressure and uncertainty of outcome, as it gives them the illusion of control over a number of external factors (luck factors) that may affect their competitive result. This study aims to determine the presence of superstitious behavior, its relationship to age, gender, competitive experience and self-confidence of competitors, and adequacy of Bleak and Frederick scale (1998) use to our athletes. From the original Superstitious Rituals Questionnaire developed by Bleak and Frederic (1998), after translation into Serbian, four items were removed, and the question of confidence in one's own orienteering skills was added, and the respondents were allowed to list personal superstitious behaviors not mentioned in the questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed by 78 orienteers (45 men, 33 women), aged 10-70 years and with an average competitive experience of 15.2 years. Based on the obtained research results, it was determined that from 10 to 68% of Serbian orienteers use 15 out of a total of 41 superstitious rituals, that the average number of these rituals per respondent was small (M/SD = 5.38 +/-3.46), that their effectiveness assessed on a scale of 0-5 was low (2.88 +/-1.31), that no one used 6 rituals, and that a significant number of orienteering-specific rituals were listed that were not present in the applied questionnaire. There is a significant positive correlation between the number of uses of superstitious rituals and female gender (r=.25), and a negative one with age, competitive experience, and self-confidence in orienteering skills (r=-.40; -.38; -.39, respectively). The fact that Serbian orienteers practice a relatively small number of superstitious behaviors listed in the applied questionnaire, mentioning at the same time, other superstitious rituals that they usually consider necessary routines of pre-start preparation, indicate the need to construct a new superstitious behavior questionnaire specific to orienteering and our sports culture.

Published
2021
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2. Effects of an eight-week exercise program on parameters of the lipid profile of female students

Author

Juhas Irina, Skof Branko, Popović Dejana, Matić Milan, and Janković Nenad

Subjects
lipid profile, female, aerobic training, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Background: Increased lipid levels are one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of short-term (8 weeks) aerobic exercise of moderate to vigorous intensity on lipid profile in young healthy females. Methods: 27 female students (mean age 20.5 ± 1 year) completed 8 weeks of aerobic training that included two exercise sessions of continuous aerobic activity of moderate intensity (running 35-60 min) and one exercise session with interval training of vigorous intensity. Intervention aerobic capacity and lipid profile were examined before and after the exercise. Results: Exercise intervention has caused a decrease of low density lipoprotein levels per 9.8% (from 2.52 ± 0.47 to 2.27 ± 0.53 mmol/L; p < 0.001) and significant improvement of high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels per 22.7% (from 1.29 ± 0.24 to 1.59 ± 0.24 mmol/L; p < 0.001), total cholesterol/HDL ratio per 17.2 % and aerobic capacity (VO2 max) per 3.8 % (43.9 ± 3.7 to 45.56 ± 3.63 mLO2/kg/min). Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that a short-term aerobic exercise intervention of moderate to vigorous intensity may have significant effects on blood lipid profile in young healthy females.

Published
2020

3. Orienteering section as a form of extracurricular activities in physical education

Author

Vukadinović Nenad, Juhas Irina, and Kozoderović Jelena

Subjects
orienteering / methodics / school / competition, Recreation. Leisure, GV1-1860
Abstract

Extracurricular activities offer students the opportunity to learn and train sports not provided by curriculum of physical education. Staying active in nature in terms of the orientation movement is greatly beneficial for the development of mental and physical abilities. The aim of this paper is to present opportunities for the organizing orienteering section in elementary school. Descriptive method was applied to be shown plan and program of the section designed so that teachers of physical education in their schools provide implementation of orienteering section for 30 classes. The expected outcome of orienteering section is to enable students to independently perform at competitions. Training is done through the implementation of goals and objectives of sections, using methodological procedures with respect to the pupils' age, prior knowledge and the pace of overcoming the training. Plan and program section includes mastering the basic technique in orienteering, through theoretical and practical work. In working with students who are for the first time in orienteering, the main focus should be on reading the maps, and understanding the relationship between nature and maps. In primary schools there are possibilities to organize orienteering section, and there is a significant correlation with other subjects. The presented model provides the optimal level of theoretical and practical knowledge that students can apply in school competitions.

Published
2015
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4. The effect of two training models on the average changes in running speed in 2400m races

Author

Bolas Nikolaos, Juhas Irina, Janković Nenad, and Matić Milan

Subjects
athletics, middle distance, pace, Recreation. Leisure, GV1-1860
Abstract

Running at an even pace is, in both physical and tactical aspect, an essential factor when achieving good results in middle and long distance races. The appropriate strategy for running a tactically effective race starts by selecting the optimal running speed. Two models of training lasting for six weeks were applied on the group of subjects (N=43) composed of students from the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade. The aim of the study was to determine how the applied models of training would affect the deviations of running speed from the mean values in 2400m races when running for the best result and also, how the applied models of training would affect the improvement of aerobic capacities, showed through maximal oxygen uptake. The analysis of the obtained results showed that no statistically significant differences in the average deviations of running speed from the mean values in 2400m races were recorded in any of the experimental groups either in the initial (G1=2.44±1.74 % and G2=1±0.75 %) or the final measurements (G1=3.72±3.69 % and G2=4.57±3.63 %). Although there were no statistically significant differences after training stimulus in either final measurements, the subjects achieved better result, that is, they improved the running speed in the final (G1=4.12±0.48 m/s and G2=4.23±0.31 m/s) as compared with the initial measurement (G1=3.7±0.36 m/s and G2=3.84±0.38 m/s). The results of the study showed that in both groups, there was a statistically significant improvement in the final measurement (G1=56.05±6.91 ml/kg/min and G2=59.55±6.95 ml/kg/min) as compared to the initial measurement (G1=53.71±7.23 ml/kg/min and G2=54.58±6.49 ml/kg/min) regarding the maximal oxygen uptake so that both training models have a significant effect on this variable. The results obtained could have a significant contribution when working with students and school population, assuming that in the lessons of theory and practical teaching they are first educated and then, over a relatively extended period of time, are enabled to develop their own 'sense of space and time' with an aim to increase the efficiency of running in middle and long distance races, which in the end manifests itself through achieving better results.

Published
2014
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5. National marathon championships from 1930 in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia until 2010 in the Republic of Serbia

Author

Repić-Ćujić Vesna and Juhas Irina

Subjects
athletics, marathon, national championships, Recreation. Leisure, GV1-1860
Abstract

The worldwide appearance of marathon, as athletic discipline, resulted in organizing of National Championships as well. In the majority of countries, they occurred between the two world wars, same applying to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The goal of this research was to find, gather, reconstruct and critically analyze the data about national championships from 1930 to 2010. With regard to the time frame, depending on historical events, it was divided into following periods: 1. from the 1st National Championship in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1930 to 1939; 2. from the National Championship of DFY in 1949 to 1990; 3. from 1992 to 2003, when Serbia and Montenegro ceased to exist; 4. from 2003 to 2010. The first data mentioning national championship goes back to 1930. The idea, according to the found information, was initiated by the marathon runner Dimitrije Stefanovic. During the period from 1930 to the beginning of the World War II, ten marathon championships had been held, one of which took place in Belgrade. There were only few competitors, which was also common for the national championships of other countries. During the period from 1949 to 1991, marathon was mainly organized within the national championships together with other disciplines, and after that, it became part of mass marathons. The analysis of quality and quantity of marathon national championships showed a great diversity. The results and number of competitors participating in marathons as part of the national championships were affected by: politics, the way of organizing marathon races, important events' dates, and later on prize money paid by the organizers of mass marathons.

Published
2013
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6. The attitude of the faculty of sport and physical education students toward cross-country running

Author

Juhas Irina, Orlić Ana, Lazarević Dušanka, Janković Nenad, and Matić Milan

Subjects
teaching, connotative differential, running, Recreation. Leisure, GV1-1860
Abstract

The syllabus of the track and field subject at the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education includes cross-country running - running in nature. The main objective of this study was to determine the structure and intensity of students' attitude toward the cross-country running. Besides, the objective was to check the connection of the students' attitude towards the cross-country running and the achieved results of cross-country running, as well as of doing sport and recreational running. The sample comprised 69 students of the second year of studies who attended the cross-country running classes. For measuring the attitude toward the cross-country running, the Connotative differential instrument was used consisting of 15 pairs of opposite adjectives presented in a form of seven-part bipolar scale grouped into three dimensions: affective, cognitive and conative. This instrument was applied within an extensive questionnaire which included questions about doing sports, jogging, as well as the results of cross-country running at the end of the teaching period. The descriptive analysis has shown that students have a positive attitude of moderate intensity toward cross-country running, observed through all three dimensions of attitude. The correlation analysis between the dimensions of attitude toward cross country running and the results achieved at cross country running showed that the correlations are negative and statistically significant, suggesting that if the result of running is better, the students' attitude toward cross country running is more positive. Competitive sport is not connected with the quality of attitude toward cross-country running. The results obtained by the study give grounds for assuming that, given that attitudes are an important component of the motivational aspect of personality, it can be expected that the students' positive attitude toward cross country running would contribute to cross country running application in their future professional activity and encourage this form of physical activity.

Published
2011
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7. Effects of an eight-week exercise program on parameters of the lipid profile of female students

Author

Juhas, Irina, Juhas, Irina, Skof, Branko, Popović, Dejana, Matić, Milan, Janković, Nenad, Juhas, Irina, Juhas, Irina, Skof, Branko, Popović, Dejana, Matić, Milan, and Janković, Nenad

Abstract

Increased lipid levels are one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of short-term (8 weeks) aerobic exercise of moderate to vigorous intensity on lipid profile in young healthy females. 27 female students (mean age 20.5 ± 1 year) completed 8 weeks of aerobic training that included two exercise sessions of continuous aerobic activity of moderate intensity (running 35-60 min) and one exercise session with interval training of vigorous intensity. Intervention aerobic capacity and lipid profile were examined before and after the exercise. Exercise intervention has caused a decrease of low density lipoprotein levels per 9.8% (from 2.52 ± 0.47 to 2.27 ± 0.53 mmol/L; p < 0.001) and significant improvement of high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels per 22.7% (from 1.29 ± 0.24 to 1.59 ± 0.24 mmol/L; p < 0.001), total cholesterol/HDL ratio per 17.2 % and aerobic capacity (VO 2 ma x) per 3.8 % (43.9 ± 3.7 to 45.56 ± 3.63 mLO 2 /kg/min). The results support the hypothesis that a short-term aerobic exercise intervention of moderate to vigorous intensity may have significant effects on blood lipid profile in young healthy females., Uvod:Pove}ani nivo lipida je jedan od zna~ajnih faktorarizika za razvoj kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Cilj ovog istra `i -vanja je da se procene efekti kratkog (8 nedelja) aerobnogve`banja, umerenog do visokog intenziteta, na lipidniprofil.Metode:27 studentkinja (prose~ne starosti 20,5 ± 1 godi -na) je izlo`eno osmonedeljnom aerobnom ve`banju koje sesastojalo od treninga kontinuirane aerobne aktivnosti ume -renog intenziteta (tr~anje 35–60 min) dva puta nedeljno iintervalnog treninga visokog intenziteta jednom nedeljno.Lipidni profil je odre|en pre i posle programa ve`banja. Rezultati:Program ve`banja je doveo do smanjenja nivoa»lo{eg« holesterola za 9,8% (od 2,52 ± 0,47 na 2,27 ±0,53 mmol/L; p < 0,001), zna~ajnog pove}anja »dobrog«holesterola (HDL) za 22,7% (od 1,29 ± 0,24 na 1,59 ±0,24 mmol/L; p < 0,001), odnosa ukupnog holeste -rola/HDL za 17,2% i pobolj{anja aerobnog kapaciteta(VO2 max) za 3,8% (od 43,9 ± 3,7 na 45,56 ± 3,63mLO2/kg/min). Zaklju~ak:Rezultati istra`ivanja podr`avaju hipotezu dakratkotrajno aerobno ve`banje od umerenog do visokogintenziteta ima zna~ajan uticaj na lipidni profil mladih,zdravih, `enskih osoba.

Published
2020

9. Развој атлетике на параолимпијским играма под утицајем нових технологија

Author

Stefanović, Đorđe, Mijatović, Slađana, Juhas, Irina, Mihajlović, Ilona, Plakona, Eleni K., Stefanović, Đorđe, Mijatović, Slađana, Juhas, Irina, Mihajlović, Ilona, and Plakona, Eleni K.

Abstract

Научно-технолошка револуција базирана на убрзаним друштвеним променама је допринела популаризацији и развоју Параолимпијског покрета, односно, врхунског спорта особа са инвалидитетом. Тежња ка остваривању све бољих резултата у врхунском спорту има за потребу да се улажу велики материјални и нематеријални ресурси. Напредак технологије и преданост спортиста постигли су то да некада недостижни резултати данас буду стварност. На Параолимпијским играма, као и на Олимпијским играма, од свих спортова, атлетске дисциплине привлаче највећи број спортиста и гледалаца. На атлетским такмичењима учествују и мушкарци и жене у свим категоријама инвалидитета. Проблем који се односи на развој атлетике на Параолимпијским играма под утицајем нових технологија није био предмет научних истраживања до сада. Највећи број истраживања у области спортских активности особа са инвалидитетом се односи на тренажни део у складу са степеном инвалидности. Питања која се односе на утицај нових технологија на развој атлетике на Параолимпијским играма захтевају одговарајуће научне одговоре. Чињеница је да је визија развоја Параолимпијског покрета у будућности у директној спрези са развојем нове технологије. У циљу постигнућа што бољих резултата ових спортиста, поред квалитетног тренажног процеса, отворена је могућност за побољшање квалитета њихових помагала. Квалитет помагала којима се служе спортисти са инвалидитетом се развијао и усавршавао паралелно са самим Параолимпијским покретом. Захваљујући провајдерима протетичких и ортопедских помагала и техничкој сервисној подршци, ови спортисти могу да се усредсреде на само такмичење. Предмет истраживања се односи на феномен атлетике која постоји у програму Параолимпијских игара – на настанак и развој атлетике под утицајем нових технологија...

Published
2016

10. Comparative analysis of competition in athletics for children aged 7 to 14 years in Sserbia, Croatia and Slovenia

Author

Juhas, Irina, Matić, Milan, Babić, Vesna, Branko Škof, Doupona Topič, Mojca, and Kajtna, Tanja

Subjects
children sport's, track and field, competition systems
Abstract

Children’s sport is the foundation for establishing and developing high-performance athletes. Sports system that deals with its future keeps raising quality of children’s sport. Competition is the driving force of each sport, and athletics with its various disciplines offers children an opportunity to highlight their skills and desire to compete. In the area of children growing up it is necessary to “free out” and develop motor skills, encourage creativity and social interactivity, to direct the children’s interests and create conditions for a human world of children’s sports. The children’s first experience in track and field should originate from game and it is necessary to establish a program of athletic competitions for children, different from the adult competition program. The paper gives a comparative analysis of different national systems of athletic competition for children aged 7 to 14 years. The aim was to identify similarities and differences between the competition systems in Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia and to determine its compliance with the basic postulates and principles of working with children this age. The analysis indicated that systems of children’s athletics aged 7 to 10 years are based on play and fun. Competitions for children aged 11 to 14 sports have most similarities with the system of competition for adults, while the system in Slovenia is linked to the school system. These systems have been adjusted enabling the successful execution of the set tasks in accordance with the age characteristics. Most similarities were found in reducing the distance, then the type of equipment used in the competition according to age categories, and not insisting on the highest technical requirements (eg, long jump of the zone). Analyzing and comparing the system of track and field competitive activities should lead to finding the optimal way for the development of athletics.

Published
2013

12. THE MOST COMMON ERRORS IN ORIENTEERING AND THEIR RELATION TO GENDER, AGE AND COMPETITION EXPERIENCE.

Author

Juhas, Irina, Baĉanac, Ljubica, and Kozoderović, Jelena

Subjects
ORIENTEERING training, PHYSICAL training & conditioning, ORIENTEERING, ORIENTEERING techniques, CROSS-country running competitions, CONTESTS
Abstract

Copyright of Facta Universitatis: Series Physical Education & Sport is the property of Facta Universitatis, Series Physical Education & Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2016

13. THE EFFECT OF TWO TRAINING MODELS ON THE AVERAGE CHANGES IN RUNNING SPEED IN 2400M RACES.

Author

Bollas, Nikolaos, Juhas, Irina, Janković, Nenad, and Matić, Milan

Subjects
RUNNING speed, RUNNING training, LONG-distance running, MIDDLE distance running, AEROBIC capacity, OXYGEN consumption
Abstract

Copyright of Physical Culture / Fizicka Kultura is the property of University of Belgrade - Faculty of Sport & Physical Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2014
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14. SPECIFICITY OF SPORTS TRAINING WITH WOMEN.

Author

Juhas, Irina

Subjects
WOMEN & sports, PHYSICAL training & conditioning, TRAINING of women athletes, WOMEN'S sports, PHYSICAL education for women
Abstract

An increasing number of new physical activities, the emergence of new disciplines and female participation in disciplines that, until recently, were only mate, has become a daily practice. Female participants is growing in number and is more evident, so the question of whether women's sports training has certain peculiarities, has been naturally imposed. Despite an increased number of researches on a female sample. the male samples are still dominant. Mechanical identification of men and women can cause more harm than good. especially in professional sport. Based on previous research, it can be said that the overall maximum ability of an adult woman is 70 - 90% of the overall maximum capacity of an adult male, which primarily stems from the morpho-functional characteristics. The woman has a lower maximal speed, strength, speed power component, endurance, much better flexibility and agility, greater accuracy and precision of movement, compared to the average man. The strength of any muscle group in women is on average less than alien the same age. Although women have lower power, adaptation to strength training in women is not different, so there is no reason why female athletes would not apply the same methods as men. Sports training increases maximal oxygen consumption among women in the same way as in men. Today sports training enables women to run and achieve results in the long and the longest distance, as well as men. In fact, the last two decades of research have pointed to similar training methods, training responses, physiological requirements, both men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011

15. Развој атлетике на параолимпијским играма под утицајем нових технологија

Author

Plakona, Eleni K., Stefanović, Đorđe, Mijatović, Slađana, Juhas, Irina, and Mihajlović, Ilona

Subjects
Параолимпијске игре, нове технологије, track and field, Paralympic Games, new technologies, резултат, orthopedic aids, ортопедска помагала, атлетика
Abstract

Научно-технолошка револуција базирана на убрзаним друштвеним променама је допринела популаризацији и развоју Параолимпијског покрета, односно, врхунског спорта особа са инвалидитетом. Тежња ка остваривању све бољих резултата у врхунском спорту има за потребу да се улажу велики материјални и нематеријални ресурси. Напредак технологије и преданост спортиста постигли су то да некада недостижни резултати данас буду стварност. На Параолимпијским играма, као и на Олимпијским играма, од свих спортова, атлетске дисциплине привлаче највећи број спортиста и гледалаца. На атлетским такмичењима учествују и мушкарци и жене у свим категоријама инвалидитета. Проблем који се односи на развој атлетике на Параолимпијским играма под утицајем нових технологија није био предмет научних истраживања до сада. Највећи број истраживања у области спортских активности особа са инвалидитетом се односи на тренажни део у складу са степеном инвалидности. Питања која се односе на утицај нових технологија на развој атлетике на Параолимпијским играма захтевају одговарајуће научне одговоре. Чињеница је да је визија развоја Параолимпијског покрета у будућности у директној спрези са развојем нове технологије. У циљу постигнућа што бољих резултата ових спортиста, поред квалитетног тренажног процеса, отворена је могућност за побољшање квалитета њихових помагала. Квалитет помагала којима се служе спортисти са инвалидитетом се развијао и усавршавао паралелно са самим Параолимпијским покретом. Захваљујући провајдерима протетичких и ортопедских помагала и техничкој сервисној подршци, ови спортисти могу да се усредсреде на само такмичење. Предмет истраживања се односи на феномен атлетике која постоји у програму Параолимпијских игара – на настанак и развој атлетике под утицајем нових технологија...

Published
2016

16. The modern sprint model

Author

Babić, Vesna, Čoh, Milan, Dopsaj, Milivoj, and Juhas, Irina

Subjects
sprint stride, biomechanics, technique, kinematic, Bolt
Abstract

The modern sprint model is conceived on the basis of a biomechanical study of the world’s fastest runner Usain Bolt. We analysed the kinematic structure of the double running stride in the phase of maximum sprint velocity in the zone between 80 and 90 m. The parameters of the sprint stride technique were established using the 2-D kinematic analysis and the APAS software (Ariel Dynamics Inc., San Diego, CA. The recordings were made with two synchronised Casio 300 video cameras operating at the frequency of 300 Hz. The analysed space was calibrated using the measurement frame of the following dimensions: 1 m x 1 m x 2 m. The 15-segment model of the sprinter was digitized and defi ned with 18 reference points. A high level of biomechanical rationality of the sprint stride was established. The stride length was 2.72 m, the frequency 4.35 Hz, the horizontal speed of the centre of gravity 11.69 m·s-1, the duration of the contact phase 0.086 s, the duration of the fl ight phase 0.145 s and the vertical amplitude of the centre of gravity 0.049 m. The ratio between the braking phase and the acceleration phase was 37:63%. Th e vertical ground reaction force was 4106 kN. The results of the study showed a high efficiency of the stride technique, which was manifested in the parameters of the ground reaction force, the stride length and frequency, the angle velocity of individual segments and the low level of velocity reduction in the braking phase.

Published
2013

17. Povezanost izvođenja judo bacanja s primenjenim uglom u zglobu kolena

Author

Spasić, Miodrag, Martić, Emina, Perasović, Ivan, Dopsaj, Milivoj, Juhas, Irina, and Kasum, Goran

Subjects
judo, kut u kolenu, ipon seoi nage, tsuri goshi, MB-Ruler
Abstract

Istraživanje je provedeno u skladu s ciljem, tj. izračunati su koefi cijenti korelacije između ocene izvedbe i ugla u zglobu kolena za vreme bacanja (elemenata) ipon seoi nage i tsuri goshi. Niske vrednosti koefi cijenata korelacije (0, 04 za ipon seoi nage i 0, 17 za tsuri goshi) predstavljaju gotovo nikakvu međusobnu zavisnost primenjenog ugla u zglobu kolena s ocenom eksperata za to bacanje kod oba elementa. Razlog tome je što je postizanje posmatranog ugla samo jedna u nizu kretnji koje tvore oba primenjena judo elementa i ne može se posmatrati odvojeno bez praćenja ostalih delova, kako bi se na temelju njega pretpostavio ishod izvedbe, barem kod ispitanika koji su participirali u ovom istraživanju. Ipak, ovim istraživanjem utvrđeno je kako je računalni alat MB-Ruler dobar merni instrument za merenje ugla u određenom zglobu. Buduća istraživanja ove problematike trebalo bi provesti uz aktivan otpor ukea i (po mogućnosti) uzimajući u obzir više prediktora od samog ugla u zglobu kolena.

Published
2012

18. Differences between girls and boys in kinematic parameters of sprinter's running

Author

Babić, Vesna, Blažević, Iva, Čoh, Milan, Dopsaj, Milivoj, Juhas, Irina, and Kasum, Goran

Subjects
sprintersko trčanje, kinematički parametri, djeca, sprinter’s running, kinematic parameters, children
Abstract

Sprinting is a cyclic motor activity which consists of repetitive running steps and the horizontal speed of the sprinter’s step is a product of the length and frequency of the step. The main aim of this research is to determine diff erences between girls and boys of a younger school age in kinematic parameters of running at maximum speed (the frequency of steps, the length of steps, the duration of the contact and the fl ight)and the results in 50 metre running. Method: The sample of examinees consisted of 150 male and female pupils from the fi rst and second form of a primary school in Pula (70 male and 80 female pupils). The average male pupils’ age was 8.12±0.63, their height was 133.56±7.66 centimetres, and their body mass was 31.42±8.05 kilogrammes. The average female pupils’age was 8.08±0.61, their height was 132.05±6.44 centimetres, and their body mass was 29.91±7.25 kilogrammes. The sample of variables consisted of variables used for determining the kinematic parameters of the sprinter’s running in the phase of the maximum speed (the frequency of steps, the length of steps, the duration of the contact and the fl ight) and the 50-metre running time. The kinematic parameters of the sprinter’s running in the phase of maximum speed have been collected by applying the Opto jump technology (Microgate, Italy) which was set on the segment between the 15th and the 35th metre, on a length of 20 metres. The 50-metre running time has been measured by the system for electronic measuring. The basic descriptive parameters have been worked out, while the differences between girls and boys have been analyzed by the univariant analysis of variance and discriminant analysis. The length of steps is a variable for which there are not statistically signifi cant diff erences between boys and girls although girls achieve averagely higher values. The duration of the contact is longer for girls for 6.6 percent compared to boys, while the length of fl ight is longer for 10 percent. On average, girls have a 7.2 percent lower frequency of steps when compared to boys. Boys achieve higher values for the 50 metre running time variable, while boy’s average running time is 4.8 percent faster compared to girls. The obtained results confirm former knowledge according to which boys achieved better results in 50-metre running time, a higher frequency of steps, a shorter duration of the fl ight phase and a shorter contact of the foot with the ground, while girls achieve averagely higher values of the length of steps.

Published
2012

19. RAZLIKE SMJERA ŠUTIRANJA SPRAM POLOŽAJA IZBAČAJNE RUKE U RUKOMETU

Author

Burger, Ante, Rogulj, Nenad, Foretić, Nikola, Jelaska, Igor, Bjelanović, Luka, Dopsaj, Milivoj, Juhas, Irina, and Kasum, Goran

Subjects
Rukomet, izbačaj, šutiranje
Abstract

Rukomet je jedna od najsloženijih igara s loptom koju karakterizira precizno defi niran cilj, bogatstvo prirodnih oblika kretanja, različitost kretnih struktura , naglašeno situacijsko sučelja vanje igrača (kontaktni sport) te potreba za kreativnom i organiziranom provedbom tehničko-tak tičkih elemenata u situacijskim uvjetima. Razinu pojedinačnog napada odnosno njegovih segme nata, kao pretpostavljenoj osnovnoj strukturalnoj jedinici igre, moguće je izolirati u odnosu na tri kriterija: determiniranost pravilima, prostorno – vremensku autonomnost i preciznu ciljnu usmje renost (Rogulj, 2009). Nadalje, istraživane su razlike između učestalosti i uspješnosti šuta u odnosu na uspješnost momčadi (Apitzs i sur. 1997, Taborsky 2008), utjecaj elemenata taktike na uspješnost te utjecaj varijabli završnice napada na završni rezultat utakmice (Srhoj i sur. 2001, Rogulj i sur. 2004, Rogulj i sur. 2009). Na temelju dobivenih rezultata izolirana su 3 ključna kumulativna parametra momčadske izvedbe: učinkovitost šuta, prekid napada zbog tehničke greške i učinkovitost napada. Upravo u navedenim varijablama razlikovale su se prve 4 momčadi od ostalih ekipa na turniru. Iz svega navedenog vidljivo je kako situacijska učinkovitost predstavlja vrlo važan parametar promatranja rukometne igre te kao takva zauzima sve veće mjesto kod rukometnih eksperata u ana liziranju i pripremi taktike za svoje momčadi. Novija istraživanja su sve kompleksnija i preciznija u donošenju zaključaka koji mogu biti od presudne važnosti kod pripreme utakmica. Utvrđeno je u dosadašnjim istraživanjima kako varijable situacijske učinkovitosti u velikoj mjeri određuju ishod rukometne utakmice (Foretić i sur. 2010, Rogulj, 2009). U određivanju konačnog rezultata rukomet ne utakmice najveću prognostičku kvalitetu imaju varijable završnih akcija napada (Rogulj, 2001). Nedvojbeno je da uspješnost udaraca na gol direktno utječe na tijek rezultata i fi nalni ishod utakmice (Rogulj, 2001).

Published
2012

20. RAZLIKE U SMJERU I UČINKOVITOSTI ŠUTIRANJA IZMEĐU MUŠKOG I ŽENSKOG VRHUNSKOG RUKOMETA

Author

Foretić, Nikola, Burger, Ante, Rogulj, Nenad, Bolanča, Tanja, Dopsaj, Milivoj, Juhas, Irina, and Kasum, Goran

Subjects
Rukomet, šutiranje, prvenstvo
Abstract

U suvremenom sportu struktura parametara natjecateljske aktivnosti baza je za komparativne analize kvalitete sportaša i momčadi, što je posebno važno, za racionalno planiranje i programi ranje procesa sportske pripreme. Zato je nužno precizno oblikovati profi l individualne strukture pokazatelja situacijske učinkovitosti pojedinog igrača i/ili cijele momčadi. Za ekspertne trenere i znanstvenike-praktičare je pored navedenog nužno znati vrednovati pokazatelje situacijske učinko vitosti i ukupne stvarne kvalitete igrača (Foretić i sur. 2011). Brojnost objekata, kompleksna struk tura kretanja, raznolikost pozicija i situacija te gotovo neograničeni varijabilitet strateških rješenja zahtijevaju kvalitetan pristup analizi sportske igre i dekompoziciji igre na manje dijelove.Situacijski elementi igre predstavljaju pokazatelje tehničko-taktičke aktivnosti u natjecateljskim uvjetima koji su precizno opisani pravilima igre, a pogodni za promatranje, registraciju i statističku evidenciju. (Rogulj, 2000). U ovom radu koristiti će se samo standardni pokazatelji situacijske učinkovitosti koji se na utakmicama registriraju za svaku ekipu. Raščlambom igre na razinu situacijskih pokazatelja u natjecateljskim uvjetima, pokušat će se utvrditi da li postoji značajna razlika između parametara situacijske učinkovitosti između ženskog i muškog vrhunskog rukometa u cilju doprinosa boljem razumijevanju sadržaja i strukture rukometne igre unutar različitih spolova. Za pretpostaviti je da spolne razlike uvjetuju način igre čiji se ishod i spolna divergentnost može pratiti parametrima situacijske učinkovitosti. Stoga je i cilj ovog rada utvrditi i objasniti razlike u smjeru i učinkovitosti šutiranja između muškog i ženskog vrhunskog rukometa

Published
2012

21. Utjecaj antropometrijskih karakteristika i motoričkih sposobnosti na aerobnu idržljivost učenika četvrtih razreda osnovne škole

Author

Pejčić, Aleksandra, Trajkovski Višić, Biljana, Zebić, Ognjen, Kasunić, Marijana, and Koprivica, Vladimir i Juhas, Irina

Subjects
antropometrijske karakteristike, motoričke sposobnosti, aerobna izdržljivost, učenici, utjecaj
Abstract

U uvodnom dijelu rada predstavljamo dosadašnja razmišljanja o utjecaju tjelesne aktivnosti na razvoj relevantnih antropoloških obilježja djece. Cilj ovog rada bio je provjeriti utjecaj antropometrijskih i motoričkih sposobnosti na aerobnu izdržljivost učenika 4. razreda osnovne škole u Primorsko-goranskoj županiji na uzorku od 1058 učenika (540 dječaka i 518 djevojčica). Uzorak varijabli činilo je 11 testova koje se primjenjuju u školstvu u Republici Hrvatskoj. Regresijskom analizom utvrđivan je utjecaj 4 antropometrijskih i 6 motoričkih varijabli na 1 varijablu aerobne izdržljivosti. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da kod dječaka i djevojčica primijenjeni sustav prediktorskih (antropometrijskih i motoričkih) varijabli ima statistički značajan utjecaj na kriterijsku (aerobna izdržljivost) varijablu. Kod dječaka najveći utjecaj na varijablu Trčanje 3 minute imaju varijable tjelesna masa, skok udalj s mjesta, podizanje trupa i pretklon trupa, dok kod djevojčica najveći utjecaj imaju varijable taping rukom, skok udalj s mjesta, poligon natraške i izdržaj u visu zgibom. Dobiveni rezultati kod dječaka i djevojčica, učenika četvrtih razreda osnovne škole pokazali su da u ispoljavanju izdržljivosti u trčanju sudjeluju motoričke sposobnosti oblikovane na integralnoj osnovi, s tim, što eksplozivna snaga nogu u trčanju predstavlja dominantnu motoričku sposobnost kod oba spola. Dječaci rezultate u aerobnoj izdržljivosti trčanjem postižu najčešće na račun eksplozivne i repetitivne snage, a djevojčice na temelju brzine frekvencije pokreta, koordinacije tijela i izdržljivosti u snazi, s obzirom da posjeduju optimalnija morfološka obilježja.

Published
2010

22. Influence of some kinematic parameters to the pole vault results

Author

Gudelj, Ines, Zagorac, Nebojša, Babić, Vesna, Juhas, Irina, and Koprivica, Vladimir

Subjects
athletics, case study, polevault, kinematics prametres, atletika, skok s motkom, kinematički parametri
Abstract

The basic goal of this research is to determine the relation between 12 kinematics parameters (prediction group) and results affirmation (reached height) in pole vault. We will try to determine deviations of kinematics parameters values in the initial and final measurements. Measurements have been conducted in identical conditions (the lenght of approach, grip to the pole, firmness of the pole, number of jumps) and in the interval of 7 months. Both measurements have been conducted through 3 practise competitions (every 5 days)in which the examinee has made 24 jumps. Pause between jumps was 5 to 7 minutes, lenght of the approach 12 running steps, pole grip 4, 10 ; firmness 18.5. Measurement has been made on one examenee, Croatian junior representative (18 years old male, 181 cm tall, 72 kg).The results have been collected using 3 cameras (50 Hz ; 1/1000 sec) and analysed with APAS system and statistics 7.0. Digitalisation, 3D transformation, filtration of data, calculation of kinematics parameters, descriptive statistics and regression analysis have all been made/calculated. Accomplished values of kinematics parameters in the final measurement differ from the values accomplished in the initial measurement. In both cases the results of regression analysis indicated thet there is a significant multiple connection between prediction variables and resultinf efficacy in pole vault which can be refered to the level of advancement in technique. Both in the first measurement (Zagorac and ass, 2008) and in the second measurement, only one parameter appeared as a relevant index of efficacy in pole vault (M% - maximum bending of the pole). It can be concluded that relations between predictions and criteria remained the same in both cases. A higher result efficacy has been accomplished in the second measurement due to the better over-all preparation of the jumper and appropriate technical embracement of parts of the jump as well as the whole pole vault technique. Considering that there is a limit for maximum result achievement in this discipline, it is recommended that these case studies are repeated with altered characteristics when registrating parameters of the jump (higher pole, increased firmness, higher grip, longer approach).

Published
2009

23. Utjecaj antropometrijskih karakteristika i motoričkih sposobnosti na aerobnu izdržljivost učenika četvrtih rezreda osnovne škole

Author

Pejčić, Aleksandra, Trajkovski Višić, Biljana, Zebić, Ognjen, Kasunić Marijana, Juhas, Irina, and Koprivica, Vladimir

Subjects
aerobna izdržljivost, antropometrija, motoričke sposbnosti, regresijka analiza
Abstract

In the introductory part of the work so far, we present thinking about the impact of physical activity on the development of relevant anthropological characteristics of children. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of anthropometrical and motor abilities on the aerobic endurance of 4th grade elementary school students in Primorje-Gorski kotar County on a sample of 1058 students ( 540 boys and 518 girls ). The sample of variables consisted of 11 tests which are applied in education in Republic of Croatia. With the regression analysis, was formulated the influence of 4 anthropometrical and 6 motor variables to 1 variable of aerobic endurance. The results obtained show, that the boys and girls of the predictive (anthropometrical and motor) variables has a statistically significant impact on the criterion (aerobic endurance) variable. In boys, the biggest impact on the variable „3 MINUTES RUN“ have variables: body weight, long jump from one place, body lifting, body bending, while girls have the biggest impact of variables in hand taping, long jump from one place, polygon ( backwards ) and withstand in higher knuckle. The results obtained for boys and girls, of 4th grade elementary school students showed that the expression of resistance in participate running motor skills, formed the basis of the integral, with which explosive leg power in running shows dominant motor ability in both sexes. The results for boys in aerobic endurance in running are often achieved at the expense of explosive and repetitive strength, and girls results on the speed of the frequency of movement, body coordination and strength in the force, considering that they have the optimal morphological characteristics.

Published
2009

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