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Purpose The goal of this paper is to investigate the relationships between consumers’ value perceptions, satisfaction and involvement, and, ultimately, their effects on behavioral intentions in the contexts of alternative golf (AG) and traditional golf (TG). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from potential golfers who had visited AG facilities in the past 12 months. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Findings The findings of this study indicated that perceived value is a key element of developing satisfaction and promoting involvement, which resulted in visitors’ behavioral intentions toward AG and TG. In addition, satisfaction and involvement were found to sequentially mediate these relationships, and gender had a moderating effect on the relationship between AG and TG behavioral intentions. Practical implications This study theoretically contributes to the literature by proposing an extensive research model that attempted to capture the connection between AG and TG intentions and the sequential mediating effects of satisfaction and involvement. The strong connection between AG and TG found in this study suggest practical implications for managers, marketers and sales personnel for both AG and TG. Originality/value AG is defined as a non-traditional way to play golf that focuses more on entertainment and leisure activities. AG facilities are highly experiential spaces that include both golf and hospitality elements. The popularity of AG has increased in recent years with mostly anecdotal evidence of its influence on TG. This study empirically tested the role of AG in increasing the TG population.

Purpose This paper aims to propose and test a conceptual model of theme park experiences by investigating the relationships among brand experience, self-congruity, flow and brand-related outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from guests who had visited a theme park in the past 12 months. Confirmatory factor analysis, consisting of second-order factor analysis and structural equation modeling with the incorporation of alternative model testing, was employed. Findings The findings revealed that theme park customers’ internalization of brand experience influenced their attitudinal and behavioral tendency with regard to the brand through self-congruity and flow. Practical implications This study provides strategies for theme park designers and marketers under pressure to create a desired experiential setting that motivates visitors to engage in activities through various brand stimuli. Well-designed theme parks can create an optimal state of focus and attention, immersing visitors to the extent that they lose their sense of time and place, affecting their attitude and behavior toward the theme park brand. Originality/value Theme parks provide a highly experiential, immersive and personally relevant experience with brand elements. Very few studies have attempted to investigate the consequences of theme park experience from the theoretical perspective of customers’ connection with the brand. This study proposed and validated a conceptual model to capture how theme park experience influenced visitors’ commitment to and active engagement with theme park brands through the mechanisms of self-congruity and flow.

This study suggests that building long-term relationships between a cruise brand and its passengers through brand experience is more important than the standard offerings. This study applies the fr...

The number of review websites has increased within the past years since more people rely on online reviews to help their decision-making process. Previous studies have either focused on the attributes of the content posted on review websites (i.e., reviews) or customers’ behavior concerning their selection of review website on which to post reviews. This study, however, extends the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to investigate the factors that influence individuals’ restaurant review website adoption behaviors to read reviews and make dining decisions. In addition, this study will look at the differences in individuals’ perceptions of various restaurant review websites (i.e., Yelp vs. others). The findings revealed the role of influential factors on individuals’ review website adoption and dining decisions as well as the differences in proposed structural relationships among various restaurant review websites.

Cardiac

The current diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) mostly relies on clinical rating scales related to motor dysfunction. Given that clinical symptoms of PD appear after significant neuronal cell death in the brain, it is required to identify accessible, objective, and quantifiable biomarkers for early diagnosis of PD. In this study, a total of 20 patients with idiopathic PD and 20 age‐matched patients with essential tremor according to the UK Brain Bank Criteria were consecutively enrolled to identify peripheral blood biomarkers for PD. Clinical data were obtained by clinical survey and assessment. Using albumin‐depleted and immunoglobulin G‐depleted plasma samples, we performed immunoblot analysis of seven autophagy‐related proteins and compared the levels of proteins to those of the control group. We also analyzed the correlation between the levels of candidate proteins and clinical characteristics. Finally, we validated our biomarker models using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We found that the levels of BCL2‐associated athanogene 2 (BAG2) and cathepsin D were significantly decreased in plasma of patients with PD (P = 0.009 and P = 0.0077, respectively). The level of BAG2 in patients with PD was significantly correlated with Cross‐Culture Smell Identification Test score, which indicates olfactory dysfunction. We found that our biomarker model distinguishes PD with 87.5% diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.875, P

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the antecedents and consequences of romantic brand love in the luxury hotel context. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from guests who had stayed at a luxury hotel within the past year and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings The findings indicate that uniqueness and hedonic values are a prerequisite of evoking closeness and passionate feelings toward hotel brands, resulting in guests’ advocacy and willingness to pay a premium price. Practical implications This study provides practical implications for luxury hotel marketers by introducing a new angle to understand brand love and suggesting desirable post-consumption behaviors through creating romantic love relationships between guests and hotel brands. Originality/value Research on the multidimensional aspects of luxury value is limited. This study proposes a conceptual model to investigate which luxury values enable guests to fall in love with brands and influence future behavior decisions and identifies opportunities for managerial benefits relating to consumers who are not traditional or frequent visitors to hotels.

This study investigates how brand authenticity perceptions, impression in memory, lifestyle-congruence, and brand love interrelate with one another. It also examines the moderating effect of the need for uniqueness in the luxury hotel setting. Empirical data was collected from 412 American guests of different luxury hotel brands. The findings indicate that brand authenticity is a critical determinant of impression in memory, lifestyle-congruence, and brand love. Brand authenticity’s relationships with impression in memory, lifestyle-congruence and brand love do not differ between high and low uniqueness perceivers. This study’s findings could help managers understand perceived authenticity better as a key factor that positions luxury hotel brands and influences business performance.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the theory and implementation of dual branding. The authors explore whether dual branding is a positive choice for two hotel brands belonging to the same firm and operating under the same roof, in this case, a Wyndham and a Wyndham Garden branded property. Design/methodology/approach A case study methodology was employed. In-depth interviews were conducted with managers regarding their decisions and implementation of a dual branding strategy. Findings The authors reveal the organizational, operational, technical, marketing, financial, economic and technological challenges experienced before, during and after the dual branding transition. Moreover, they reveal the results of the implementation and its consequences to the hotel and its customers. A conceptual model is presented with the goal of assisting and facilitating the investigation, analysis, choice and implementation of dual branding by hoteliers. Originality/value The present research expands the existing body of knowledge, bridges the theory and practice of branding in the lodging sector, advances dual branding theory and provides insightful implications for scholars and managers alike.

Here, we introduce a reusable bifunctional polyester/aluminum (PET/Al) air filter for the high efficiency simultaneous capture and inactivation of airborne microorganisms. Both bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis were collected on the PET/Al filter with a high efficiency rate (∼99.99%) via the electrostatic interactions between the charged bacteria and fibers without sacrificing pressure drop. The PET/Al filter experienced a pressure drop approximately 10 times lower per thickness compared with a commercial high-efficiency particulate air filter. As the Al nanograins grew on the fibers, the antimicrobial activity against airborne E. coli and S. epidermidis improved to ∼94.8% and ∼96.9%, respectively, due to the reinforced hydrophobicity and surface roughness of the filter. Moreover, the capture and antimicrobial performances were stably maintained during a cyclic washing test of the PET/Al filter, indicative of its reusability. The PET/Al filter shows great potential for use in energy-efficient bioaerosol control systems suitable for indoor environments.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of overall satisfaction in the relationship between active participation and consumer behaviors that benefit hotels. It also addresses the importance of active members in estimating the effectiveness of online brand communities in social media marketing. Design/methodology/approach This study used a convenient sampling method to collect data from individuals who were or currently are members of hotel Facebook pages. The empirical data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings The findings indicate that active members are likely to be satisfied with community participation and developed positive behaviors that benefit hotel Facebook pages, specifically willingness to promote the community to others and modify purchasing and information-searching behaviors. Practical implications This study provides practical implications for Facebook marketers of hotels. It emphasizes the value of Facebook pages as an effective marketing tool for hotels. Marketers are advised to identify members’ needs, create special offerings that accommodate those needs, and effectively communicate and share information with members in order to increase the level of satisfaction of members of online communities. Originality/value The importance of active participation and satisfaction for creating positive behaviors other than loyalty among members of hotel Facebook pages has been under-addressed. This study extends the existing research model of community participation in consumer-brand relationships by using satisfaction, community promotion, and behavioral changes to highlight the benefits of hotel Facebook pages.

Amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an oncogenic driver found in approximately 25% of breast cancer. Despite the arsenal of HER2-directed therapies available to patients, more than 50% of patients with HER2 amplification eventually develop central nervous system (CNS) metastases over the course of their disease indicating a clear medical need for brain penetrant therapies in this patient population. ORIC-114 is a brain penetrant, orally bioavailable, irreversible small molecule inhibitor that was designed to target exon20 insertions in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2. ORIC-114 is highly selective for the EGFR/HER2 family of receptors, reducing the risk for off-target kinase liabilities. In biochemical assays, ORIC-114 displayed low nanomolar potency on HER2. To explore the application of ORIC-114 in the HER2-amplified tumor setting, a cell viability screen was performed against a panel of human breast cancer lines containing both HER2-amplified and non HER2-amplified cell lines. ORIC-114 demonstrated greater than 100-fold enhanced cellular potency on HER2-amplified cancer cell lines relative to non-amplified cancer cell lines. Notably, ORIC-114 cellular EC50s in HER2-amplified breast cancer cell lines were below 30 nM and more potent than both lapatinib and tucatinib, two FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. ORIC-114 was designed to incorporate physicochemical properties suitable to cross the blood-brain barrier and has exhibited good brain penetration across multiple preclinical species. To further investigate the brain penetrant attributes of ORIC-114 in the context of HER2-positive breast cancer with brain metastases, key features were assessed relative to tucatinib, which has demonstrated clinical efficacy in this setting. In contrast to tucatinib, ORIC-114 displayed minimal impact on efflux transporters as it was only a weak substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and was not a substrate for breast cancer associated protein (BCRP) in vitro. In addition, ORIC-114 demonstrated superior in vivo brain penetration relative to tucatinib as measured by free brain-to-plasma ratio in mouse. Consequently, ORIC-114 free brain concentrations in rodents were greater than tucatinib, even when the active metabolites of tucatinib were considered. Taken together, these data further establish ORIC-114 as a selective, irreversible, and brain penetrant EGFR/HER2 inhibitor, making it a promising therapeutic candidate for development in patients with HER2-positive tumors including those with CNS metastases. A Clinical Trial Application for ORIC-114 is anticipated in the second half of 2021. Citation Format: Melissa R. Junttila, Jason E. Long, Robert Warne, Sunghwan Kim, Younho Lee, Hwan Kim, Juhee Kang, Jiyoon Seok, Jihye Yoo, Youngyi Lee, Dong-Hyuk Seo Seo, Jung Beom Son, Daekwon Kim, Hwan Geun Choi, Nam Doo Kim, Tatiana Zavorotinskaya, Chelsea Chan, Matthew Panuwat, Jessica Sun, Jae H. Chang, Lori S. Friedman. ORIC-114, an orally bioavailable, irreversible kinase inhibitor, has superior brain penetrant properties and enhanced potency in preclinical studies of HER2-positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2021 Oct 7-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2021;20(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P234.

Drawing from the extended technology acceptance model, we develop and test a model that links the perceived characteristics of mobile guide system to visitor satisfaction toward mobile guide system...

The Rocky Mountain Foothills lie along the eastern margin of the Rocky Mountain fold-thrust belt. The area has been the focus of extensive research aimed at locating oil and gas fields with the potential to be used as CO2 storage traps. In this study, we use a seismic line from the Canadian Rockies to interpret the geologic structures along a cross-section parallel to the tectonic transport direction. We then compare our results with those of previous studies. The section was restored using the MOVE software (manufactured by Midland Valley Exploration Ltd.). The primary objectives of this work are: (1) to conduct a stratigraphic and structural interpretation of a 2D seismic profile; and (2) to conduct a cross-sectional restoration of the structures in order to validate the seismic interpretation in terms of CO2 storage candidates. Additional data sources include maps of the surface geology, which show that the age of horizons decrease from west to east, and stratigraphic and structural profiles derived from well logs. The results of our structural restoration indicate a detachment fault between the foreland and hinterland. This fault is responsible for the cutting and subsequent upwards and eastwards movement of a stratum located between the basement and the Late Devonian formation. Large thrust faults are responsible for the deformation of strata (through both folding and faulting) in the foreland basin. As a result of continuous eastward tectonic stress, the strata from Jurassic have deformed, forming a duplex system in the middle of the section and resulting in the uplift of the upper part of the section. Following surface erosion, this uplifted area became exposed during the Tertiary Period. The high shortening rate (53%) detected through structural restoration is consistent with the thin-skinned tectonic model.

Brand loyalty is believed to be a sustainable advantage for theme parks. Since theme parks represent a man-made environment purposefully built for specialized market segments, studying factors that lead to brand loyalty for theme park products is of strategic importance. These factors have yet to be identified in the current literature, however. Recognizing the potential influence of self-congruity and flow in the theme park consumption experience, and thus its influence on loyalty, the current study investigated the effect of these constructs on visitor attitude and loyalty towards a theme park brand. The results revealed that both self-congruity and flow are the antecedents of visitor attitude and brand loyalty. The theoretical contributions of this study, as well as managerial implications concerning image projection, branding strategy, and park experience design, are discussed.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to incorporate third-party certification to test a theoretical model that demonstrates the effects of third-party certification on perceived food quality, perceived service quality, and trust and the effects of these factors on word of mouth (WOM) intentions in the context of luxury restaurants. It also investigates the moderating roles of attention to social comparison information (ATSCI) and the education level. Design/methodology/approach An online survey sent to customers who are patronizing luxury restaurants in the US 317 empirical data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling. Findings Third-party certification facilitated patrons’ positive evaluation of food and service quality. In addition, this positive evaluation fostered trust in the restaurant. Finally, ATSCI and the education level had significant moderating effects on the relationship between third-party certification and patrons’ trust in the restaurant. Originality/value This study proposes risk-reducing effect of third-party certification on the luxury-restaurant business. Third-party certification is employed as a mechanism for communicating restaurant quality in food and service to patrons. Both stakeholders and patrons in the restaurant industry can obtain benefits from the third-party certification because it minimizes uncertainties and information asymmetries in luxury restaurants’ quality and service, and thus generating likelihood of WOM intentions.

This study aims to integrate cognitive appraisal theory (CAT) and script theory with the bridging role of recollective memory and storytelling. CAT includes travelers’ subjective judgments and emotions, while script theory includes recollection, storytelling, and consequent behavior. The relationships between the constructs included in these two theories as they relate to the luxury cruise trip experience were assessed. Based on a literature review, 14 theoretical hypotheses were derived and a structural equation model was developed. The proposed hypotheses were tested using data collected from 300 luxury cruise passengers. The findings confirmed the successful integration of the two theoretical aspects. The study provides guidance to cruise industry practitioners in developing managerial and marketing strategies. The results enrich the theoretical body of CAT and script theory.

With the increase of tourists to many destinations, the local lodging industry sector is facing intense challenges. The reassurance of name-brand accommodation helps travelers feel more at ease in a new environment and guarantee them a positive lodging experience. This study examines how travelers’ experiences with name-brand hotels influence their attachment to, knowledge of, and trust in brand names. Specifically, brand experience was identified as a holistic concept, incorporating sensory, affective, behavioral, and intellectual aspects. The results show the significant, positive relationships between brand experience and brand-related variables (brand knowledge, brand attachment, and brand trust). This study provides a foundation for future research investigating tourists’ lodging choices and suggests strategies for hotel brand managers.

This study aimed to examine differences in attitudes and behavioral intentions toward low-fat or low-calorie menu items depending on customers’ gender and past experiences, as well as identify contributors for behavioral intentions. Independent t-test revealed that female customers and customers who had eaten healthful low-fat or low-calorie menu items in the past had more positive attitudes and behavioral intentions toward those menu items. Also, hierarchical regression analysis showed that attitudes toward taste and healthfulness, and past experience consuming those menu items were significant contributors in forming behavioral intentions. In particular, attitudes toward healthfulness had the greatest impact on behavioral intentions.

This study examines (1) which cruise experience induces the recollection of the cruise trip, (2) the role of recollection in cruisers' future behaviors, and (3) the moderating roles of photo purchases and interactions with other cruisers in the formation of recollection. This study analyzed an empirical data collected from 300 luxury cruisers. The results indicate that four dimensions of cruise experiences (education, entertainment, aesthetics, and escapism) generated the cruiser's recollection. In addition, photo purchases and interactions with other cruisers had significant moderating effects on the relationship between education and recollection. Finally, a cruiser's recollection enhanced behavioral intentions.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of members’ active participation in customer–brand relationships, considering brand trust and brand commitment in an online community context. It also investigates the moderating effect of monetary sales promotions in building and maintaining customer–brand relationships.Design/methodology/approach– This study is based on an online survey sent to Facebook users who have been engaging with restaurants’ brand pages on Facebook. The empirical data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling.Findings– Results revealed that members who actively participated in activities on restaurant, Facebook fan pages were likely to feel that the brands were trustworthy and developed commitment toward the brands. The moderating effect of monetary sales promotions between active participation and brand trust was supported. In particular, active participation was more likely to generate brand trust for members who had less interest in monetary sales promotions on restaurant Facebook fan pages.Practical implications– This study provides practical implications for restaurant marketers on the applications of Facebook as a branding tool. Marketers are advised to identify active members who can contribute to the maintenance of the community by encouraging active communication and engaging in marketing activities. As active participants are critical to the success of a restaurant Facebook page, marketers are encouraged to develop marketing strategies that can generate members’ interest and increase participation in a marketing campaign.Originality/value– Although Facebook has been widely used to improve customer–brand relationships in the food service industry, research on the effect of an online community scares. The study proposes a conceptual model to examine the role of active participation in customer–brand relationships and the role of monetary promotions in enhancing customer–brand relationships. Management and marketing strategies for practitioners in the food service industry are suggested.

This study examined how individual health values influence interest in healthy foods, positive outcome expectations, hedonic expectations, and behavior intentions. A total of 1188 valid questionnaires were collected from customers who had consumed healthy menu items at casual dining restaurants. The results indicated that health value was the key element that inspired customer interest in healthy eating and aroused hedonic and positive outcome expectations, which in turn enhanced intentions to purchase healthy food items. Restaurant managers are advised to establish creative marketing strategies to motivate customer interest in healthy menu items and emphasize benefits of their healthy food items. Future studies can extend the scope of research by examining differences in geographical areas or demographic profiles.

Given the growing number of hotel brands, improving consumer experience has become an increasingly important area of interest to industry practitioners. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between hotel guests' brand experience, knowledge and loyalty to name-brand hotels. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling with the incorporation of a second-order factor analysis were employed to achieve the research goals. The findings indicate that brand experience was represented as a holistic concept with sensory, affective, behavioral and intellectual aspects. While brand experience influences brand loyalty, its impact is partially mediated by brand knowledge. This is a pioneer study that combines consumer experience with branding in the hospitality industry and offers practical suggestions to facilitate hotel managers in their development of effective branding strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Although recent studies have focused on the role of well-being in tourism, there is limited knowledge about its specific contribution for marketing practitioners. This study focuses on how cruise companies can develop a solid relationship with their passengers by examining four dimensions of experiential value and their impact on well-being and passengers' value co-creation behavior. Experiential value consists of four dimensions: playfulness, aesthetics, consumer return on investment, and service excellence. A structural equation model delineating relationships among experiential value, well-being, and value co-creation was developed and tested with 292 luxury cruise passengers. Well-being was found to play a significant role in linking the theoretical concepts of experiential value and value co-creation, with brand prestige playing a moderating role.

Purpose – This paper aims to empirically examine how five different brand equity dimensions of a festival brand (i.e. awareness, image, quality, value and loyalty) are inter-related. Specifically, this study aims to examine the impact of brand awareness on perceived brand image, perceived brand quality and perceived value; the impact of perceived brand image on perceived brand quality and brand loyalty; and the impact of perceived brand quality on perceived value and brand loyalty. Design/methodology/approach – The conceptual model was tested with an onsite sample of a public festival referred to as the VEISHEA (Veterinary Medicine, Engineering, Industrial Science, Home Economics and Agriculture) festival, which is located in a Midwestern college-town. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to reach the goals of the study. Findings – The findings revealed that improving attendees’ awareness is a keystone in promoting brand quality perceptions, increasing perceived value and creating favorable brand image. Perceptions of quality on brand loyalty were stronger than any other effect, pointing out the need for superior quality. These findings confirmed that a public festival which does not require visitor admission fees can increase visitors by utilizing branding strategies, as has been done with other types of festivals. Research limitations/implications – This research was conducted at a public festival. Further study should be conducted at other festivals/events. Analysis of antecedents such as advertising and promotions in the brand equity creation process will provide further important information. Practical implications – This study provides guidance for practitioners to manage festival brands properly and develop strategies (e.g. communications and promotions) which reinforce the intangible asset of brand equity. Originality/value – This is the first study that applies the brand equity concept to the setting of public festivals. This application to a new context contributes to the body of knowledge of brand equity theory.

This study investigated restaurant customers’ intent to choose healthful (e.g., low-fat or low-calorie) menu items using the value–attitude–behavior model. The sample was comprised of customers who had previously consumed these types of healthful items at a casual dining restaurant. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data. Results revealed that customers’ health values had a positive effect on attitudes and behavioral intentions and that customers’ attitudes toward low-fat or low-calorie menu items positively influenced behavioral intentions. However, attitudes toward taste of healthful menu items exerted a greater impact on behavioral intentions to choose, recommend, and spread a positive word-of-mouth about those menu items. To meet customers’ desire, restaurants should continue to focus on great-tasting healthful foods.

The purposes of this study were (1) to examine the impact of environmental and non-environmental cues on patrons’ emotional responses and (2) to examine the influence of emotions on patrons’ behavioral intentions, as moderated by motivational orientation and hedonism. Based on a thorough literature review, 11 theoretical hypotheses were proposed and a structural model was developed. The model was then tested using data collected from 379 actual luxury restaurant patrons residing in the United States. According to the results of data analysis, it was revealed that both environmental and non-environmental cues induce patrons’ arousal in the luxury restaurant setting; however, environmental cues have a stronger impact on arousal than do non-environmental cues. More importantly, among the various environmental cues, ambient conditions were found to be the most powerful element that drives patrons’ arousal. Data analysis also revealed the positive effect of arousal on pleasure and the positive effect of pleasure on behavioral intentions. Thus, it can be interpreted that arousal is a required condition in inducing patrons’ pleasure. The moderating roles of motivational orientation and hedonism were also supported. Theoretical and practical implications based on the findings are discussed in the latter part of the study.

Facebook has been widely recognized as a popular contemporary trend in marketing. Using a Facebook fan page can help a firm successfully establish and maintain positive consumer–brand relationships by offering special benefits to members who “like” the fan page on their Facebook accounts. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between four benefit components (functional benefits, social–psychological benefits, hedonic benefits, and monetary benefits) obtained by fan page members and members’ community participation, brand trust, and brand commitment. The results of data analysis revealed that fan page members are more likely to visit restaurant Facebook fan pages when they obtain social–psychological and hedonic benefits from their interactions on the pages. Because members can develop strong trust and commitment toward restaurant brands through active participation on Facebook fan pages, this study provides a practical foundation for future research investigating Facebook as a marketing tool and suggests brand management strategies for use in online communities.

This study used image congruity theory to understand customer loyalty in name-brand coffee shops in Korea. The authors developed and tested a structural model that links image congruity (self-congruity and functional congruity) and brand loyalty components (cognitive, affective, and conative loyalty). The elaboration likelihood model was used to understand the information processing underlying the structural model. The results showed that self-congruity significantly influences both cognitive and affective loyalty in the central route of persuasion. Functional congruity significantly influences cognitive loyalty in the peripheral route of communication. This study suggests promotional strategies for the marketers of name-brand coffee shops in Korea.

The goals of this study were (1) to identify the optimal facets of communication style for customer-oriented service employees and (2) to examine the ways in which the customer-oriented service employee (COSE) induces luxury restaurant patrons’ dedicational behaviors. Customer dedicational behaviors are defined as ‘a set of active and positive customer voluntary behaviors towards a business induced by high relationship quality’. Based on the existing body of communication literature, nine types of communication styles were derived. Theoretical relationships between the nine communication styles and the COSE also were developed via literature review, and causal relationships between the COSE and three different types of consumer dedicational behavior styles were subsequently suggested. By integrating the derived theoretical hypotheses, a conceptual model was proposed and then tested utilizing data collected from 527 luxury restaurant patrons. The results of data analysis revealed that five types of communication styles (attentive, friendly, impression leaving, open, and relaxed) bear a positive impact on COSE, while one communication style (contentious) bears a negative impact. It was also found that the customer-oriented service employee plays a critical role in inducing three types of dedicational behaviors in consumers: enhancement, cooperation, and advocacy. The key theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed in the latter part of this article.

During the past decade, an increasing number of coffee-shop customers in Korea prefer to patronize name-brand coffee shops. This study applied image congruity theory to explain the Korean preference phenomena. The authors investigated the impacts of image congruities (self-congruity and functional congruity) on customer attitude and repurchase intention, and identified the moderating effect of prior visit experience. The survey sample is 401 customers who visited the 13 name-brand coffee shops in the city of Seoul's Myeong-dong commercial district. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the validity of the conceptual model. The results revealed that both self-congruity and functional congruity are the antecedents of customer attitude and repurchase intention. Furthermore, functional congruity has more impact on customer attitude among experienced customers than among those with less visit experience. The marketers of name-brand coffee shops in Korea are advised to design the strategies of brand positioning and marketing segmentation from a new angle. Further studies can be further conducted among customers in boarder geographical areas, including small cities and rural areas in Korea.

In order to benefit from CSR (corporate social responsibility) activities, companies need to adopt appropriate advertising strategies that can positively influence consumers’ purchase decisions while generating favorable attitudes toward the company. Advertising certain products or services triggers the feeling of hope and creates specific goals that consumers aim to achieve. In this study, we distinguish between two types of hope—promotion hope versus prevention hope, and examine their impact in the context of CSR. Results from an experimental study reveal that the impact of CSR activities on consumer attitudes and behavioral intentions depends on the type of hope. When the ad portrayed a message inducing prevention hope, an altruistic CSR activity was more effective than a strategic CSR activity. Conversely, the impact of the two CSR activities did not differ in the promotion ad context.

Exhibitors participate in tradeshows for various reasons. Building a network of contacts at a tradeshow has become a critical factor in the determination of the show's success in addition to being considered a cost-effective way of achieving an exhibitor's goals. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between social value, company size, prior experience, and behavioral intentions, such as willingness to pay and intention to return in the tradeshow context. The findings of this study revealed that social value positively affects exhibitors’ satisfaction, intentions to return, and willingness to pay. Large companies and inexperienced exhibitors showed higher willingness to pay for their exhibition booths and exhibition activities, whereas small companies and experienced exhibitors showed higher intention to return to a show in the future. The findings of this study can be utilized by tradeshow organizers to aid in establishing effective strategies to attract and retain exhibitors to their...

This exploratory study aimed to determine the role of acculturation on the dining-out behavior of Koreans living in the United States. Ethnic minorities are increasing in numbers and they represent a potentially lucrative market for the foodservice industry. To target this clientele, it is essential to determine their purchasing behaviors and the factors that influence their behavior in order to design suitable marketing strategies. The results of this study showed that scores on the acculturation scale correlated with the dining-out behavior of Koreans. Level of acculturation was related to length of stay in the United States, age, visa status and presence of children in the household which in turn influenced the dining-out behavior of Koreans. With the increasing cultural diversity of consumers, future studies investigating the relationship between acculturation and consumer behavior will continue to garner attention.

International audience; Providing visitors with unique and memorable experiences is believed to be a competitive advantage of theme parks. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of theme park visitors’ experiences on their recollection-based memories, satisfaction, and loyalty using the foundation of script theory. Surveys were collected from visitors at the Fantasilandia theme park in Santiago, Chile. The findings indicated that satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between experience and recollection, and that both satisfaction and recollection influenced loyalty behaviors. The study is anticipated to provide theme park managers with effective strategies for the design of attractions and activities, as well as for the development of marketing techniques.