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Production planning and control (PPC) requires human decision-making in several process steps like production program planning, production data management, and performance measurement. Thereby, human decisions are often biased leading to an aggravation of logistic performance. Exemplary, the lead time syndrome (LTS) shows this connection. While production planners aim to improve due date reliability by updating planned lead times, the result is actually a decreasing due date reliability. In current research in the field of production logistics, the impact of cognitive biases on the decision-making process in production planning and control remains at a silent place. We aim to close this research gap by combining a systematic literature review on behavioral operation management and cognitive biases with a case study from the steel industry to show the influence of cognitive biases on human decision-making in production planning and the impact on logistic performance. The result is the definition of guidelines considering human behavior for the design of decision support systems to improve logistic performance.

The seminal works on Base of the Pyramid (BOP) markets encourage companies to explore untapped low-income markets and to alleviate poverty by providing affordable products and services. The transition to second generation BOP strategies has centred on the integration of local consumers across value chain activities. This integration presents challenges both for firms and for low-income consumers due to the nature of informal BOP markets, severe institutional voids and lack of local knowledge of firms. In this context, little is known about the motivational drivers of firms to integrate BOP consumers in value creation activities and the impact on different performance dimensions, namely economic, social and ecological. This study adopts the perspective of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) and investigates drivers and performance outcomes of BOP consumer integration. For this purpose, we develop a theoretical framework and test it empirically by employing a unique dataset of 142 enterprises which provide basic products and services to low-income markets. Our findings provide empirical support for the claim that BOP consumer integration enhances economic, social and ecological performance. MSMEs in our sample engage consumers mainly due to a strong intrinsic motivation to drive social impact rather than a pragmatic motivation to overcome information asymmetries. While studies of multinationals entering BOP markets almost exclusively report the need for cross-sector partner collaboration, our findings suggest that this may not be the case for MSMEs.

The implementation of different types of knocked down (xKD) supply chains have been one main element of the internationalization strategies of automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The original plants in the industrialized home markets create handling kits that are imported by the oversea plants where the kits can be easily assembled in high quality despite lacking qualification of local workforce and without a local supplier base. Over time, the global manufacturing networks mature and the oversea plants increasingly overtake value-adding processes and integrate local suppliers. However, typically the supply chain management and design are not adapted to this maturing process and the supply chains are characterized by high inventories and long lead times. In this research, we develop an integrated framework to align the global manufacturing network and xKD supply chains in order to improve the logistics performance and to exploit cost potentials by means of a six-fold cross-case study of globally operating automotive OEMs.

This study investigates the impact of Industry 4.0 technologies on supply chain risks and examines which factors moderate this relationship. Drawing on a database of 300 Industry 4.0 projects all around Germany, the study explores empirically how Industry 4.0 technologies are employed to address various sources of various risks within production and supply chains. In this context, not only relevant technologies, existing risk factors and intended benefits are explored, but also factors that affect the relationship between these elements. Therefore, this paper shed light on the question which technologies are suitable and applicable for which user groups in which situations.

The unawareness of production planners about the interaction of key performance indicators (KPIs) in manufacturing systems and misinterpretations of system states often leads to problems when they try to improve them. Exemplary, the lead time syndrome (LTS) represents one of these counterproductive actions. While planners aim to improve due date reliability by planned lead time adjustments, the result is often an aggravation of due date reliability. The underlying reason is that human perception and decision-making process can be biased. Despite its potential to improve the logistic performance, the meaning and the effects of cognitive biases on the decision-making processes in production planning and control were out of scope of recent investigations in the field of production logistics. The aim of this research is to create a starting point to close this research gap by the development of a heuristic framework identifying relevant decision making situations, the potentially active cognitive biases and the potential impact on logistics performance; for this, we combine the research streams of production planning and control (PPC), behavioral supply chain management and psychology.

This research aims to highlight the benefits of sharing financial resources in supply chain networks. By modifying a resource sharing scheme that is used successfully by Eastern African Masaai tribes to support other herders in case of an unexpected loss of cattle to a resource sharing system for supply chains as described by Hao et al (2015). The so-called Osotua-based resource sharing model has proven to increase the overall cattle herd size and that is therefore favorable to support other and even rival herders in critical situations. We implement the Osotua-based resource sharing model into a bankruptcy propagation model based on Battiston et al. (2007). We can show that there is a substantial increase of the network’s overall health when using the Osotua-based supply chain resource sharing. Additionally, we explore the effects of the number of partners in a network willing to share resources as well as the effects of increasing network complexity.

Manufacturing systems exhibit two types of synchronization phenomena: logistics and physics. Quantifying synchronization measures for both types have been suggested and it has been shown that both types of synchronization are correlated to the logistics performance of the manufacturing system. Previous studies have indicated that structural properties of the manufacturing network might be central influencing factors triggering synchronization emergence. Synchronizability is a network property widely studied in the complex networks field. It is a common measure to evaluate the stability of synchronization in networks based on its structural properties. The aim of this paper is to explore synchronizability in manufacturing for the first time in order to better understand the impact of structural properties of a network on the emerging synchronization phenomena. We apply a multi-method investigation by triangulating a profound literature analysis, a two-stage discrete-event simulation study and an empirical data analysis of feedback data from industrial practice. Our findings show that synchronizability relates positively to physics and negatively to logistics synchronization. Based on these findings we present first considerations towards a synchronization-oriented design and control of manufacturing systems.

The Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations recognize and promote inter- and intra-dependencies between the economic, social and ecological dimensions, emphasize the inclusion of local communities in the development processes and the need for sustainable consumption and production. To achieve these goals, interdisciplinary and collaborative efforts are needed. Frugal innovation emerges as a paradigm challenging traditional innovation pathways which may have the potential to bring together different stakeholders’ efforts to achieve sustainable development goals. This systematic literature review analyzes current research linking the concepts of frugal innovation and sustainable development. The aim is to highlight approaches and conditions in which frugal innovations can drive sustainable development, especially in relation to different types of private sector actors. Based on the content analysis of current studies, we formulate shortcomings of existing research and develop a research agenda with the aim to bring the two research streams closer.

Traditionally, the capacity dimensioning step within the manufacturing system design process takes a known and fixed distribution of production flow across path alternatives to derive capacity dema...

Institutional barriers and constraints in developing countries require new supply chain models where economic, social and ecological aspects are integrated. Sustainable supply chain management discourse has focused on ecological aspects and neglected social issues, while Base of the Pyramid studies have neglected ecological considerations. This study links the sustainable supply chain management discourse with insights from Base of the Pyramid studies in order to suggest an integrated sustainability perspective. This work adopts a multiple case study design based on secondary data analysis in order to investigate supply chain concepts of 18 successful products and develop sustainable supply chain models in the areas of sourcing, making and delivering. Findings suggest that by employing localized and simplified approaches, companies targeting low-income markets can overcome existing local institutional barriers. We conclude that employing simplified and localized approaches to supply chains and simultaneously integrating local communities in the value creation activities can serve as success factors. Therefore, by linking sustainable supply chain with the Base of the Pyramid strategies discourse, we fill an important research gap in the literature. From a practitioner's perspective, the derived supply chain models serve as best practices for managers of multi-national companies, local entrepreneurs, non-governmental organizations and political institutions designing, operating and regulating supply chains for low-income markets.

Sustainable innovations are inventions providing an essential progress concerning social, economic and ecological concerns. The emergence of Base of the Pyramid markets and the growing importance of the developing economies as new sources of frugal innovations has attracted the interest of scholars and practitioners. Frugal innovation is an inclusive approach to innovation that maximizes value for customers, shareholders, and society – while significantly reducing the use of financial and natural resources in developing countries. Reverse innovations are frugal products and services successful in developing markets that make their way back to industrialized countries by creating new market segments. Therefore, both concepts are crucial for facing sustainability challenges in developing countries and may also lend insights to business models in industrialized countries. As the relationship between frugal and reverse innovation and sustainability remains largely unexplored in the literature, this study aims to fill in this gap and answer the research question: How can frugal and reverse innovation strengthen sustainable development, and how can business models in this context be systemized and described? Employing a multiple case study design, a total of 59 frugal products and services were investigated from a business models and sustainability strategy perspective from June 2014 until June 2015. The direction of innovation was distinguished between (a) from developing countries to developing countries, (b) from industrialized countries to developing countries, (c) from industrialized countries to industrialized countries, and (d) from developing countries to industrialized countries with the purpose to find differences between different directions of innovation and economies. Findings show that entrepreneurs and companies offering frugal and reverse products and services manage to combine the business model elements in an insightful manner and create economic, social and environmental value.

This paper reports results of a survey examining the impact factors for shippers to implement risk prevention activities. A regression analysis illustrates the relations between risk and quality related impact factors and the shippers’ ability to implement risk prevention activities. The study identifies the corporate risk culture and product vulnerability as main impact factors for the implementation of prevention activities in transportation. This paper will be beneficial for transportation managers considering the implementation of risk prevention activities in the transportation field, and will support further empirical research in the transportation management and supply chain risk management research area.

The term ‘synchronization’ in manufacturing refers to the provision of the right components to the subsequent production steps at the right moment in time. It is widely assumed that synchronization is beneficial to the logistics performance of manufacturing systems. However, it has been shown that synchronization phenomena can be detrimental to systems in which they emerge. To study if synchronization phenomena also occur in and affect manufacturing systems’ performance, a formal quantification and holistic understanding of the types of synchronization phenomena emerging in manufacturing are needed. This article aims to fill this research gap by developing synchronization measures for manufacturing systems, applying these measures to real-world production feedback data and utilising them to test the assumption about synchronization’s beneficial effect on logistics performance. We identify two distinct synchronization types occurring in manufacturing systems, logistics and physics synchronization, and show...

International journal of physical distribution and logistics management 49(5), 575-598 (2019). doi:10.1108/IJPDLM-01-2018-0042, Published by Proquest, [S.l.]

Research and Innovation in Manufacturing: Key Enabling Technologies for the Factories of the Future - Proceedings of the 48th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems / Edited by Roberto Teti 48th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems, CIRP CMS 2015, Ischia, Italy, 24 Jun 2015 - 26 Jun 2015; Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, Procedia CIRP 41, (2016). doi:10.1016/j.procir.2015.08.105, Published by Elsevier, Amsterdam [u.a.]

The aim of production planning and control is to ensure the achievement of the logistic targets of high due date reliability, low lead times, high capacity utilization, and low WIP levels, while maintaining productivity and quality targets. If order due dates are missed, a common intuitive reaction of production planners is to adjust planned lead times. How often and to what extent updates are reasonable has previously been unclear because, while trying to improve the logistic target achievement, planned lead time adjustments may actually cause an opposite effect, which is known as the Lead Time Syndrome (LTS) of Manufacturing Control [1] . Previous research on the LTS interactions has shown that the line of argumentation of the LTS is valid [2] . Knollmann et al. showed by means of mathematical modeling, control-theoretic simulation and case study research that planned lead time adjustments lead to a short-term increase in lead time variation, thus to an increase in lateness variation and to a decrease in due date reliability [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] . The authors suggest to choose update frequency depending on the ratio of latency period and the update frequency (the period between two consecutive adjustments) as the misbalance of these two parameters turns out to be the main trigger of the LTS. Selcuk investigated the LTS by means of queuing theory in an independent approach [6] , [7] , [8] . The authors concluded that planned lead time adjustments lead to an increase in process variability, thus to high WIP levels and long lead times. However, they suggest to reduce update frequency, to decrease process variability and thus to avoid LTS. This conclusion is not in line with the conclusions drawn from the research presented by Knollmann et al.. Therefore, this paper compares the different research approaches methodologies and discusses how the different research methodologies impact the conclusions drawn for practice application. This comparison provides further insights into LTS research and indicates further research fields.

Manufacturers continuously face the challenge of driving down costs while being subjected to increasingly globalized market pressures to shorten production lead times and increase delivery reliability. The early prediction of the expected logistics performance of single production orders as well as for the entire manufacturing system is a pivotal strategic corporate activity. However, companies frequently find themselves struggling to foresee and integrate operational dynamic effects related to production orders into production planning decisions. Such dynamic interdependency effects between orders in close temporal and spatial neighbourhoods can have an impact on logistics performance. In this research, we introduce an index measure that quantifies the spatial and temporal relation of production orders and investigate dynamic effects of production order interdependencies using real production feedback data and derive first results for the improvement of the prediction of logistics performance in an early production planning stage as well as for the configuration of production planning and control.

Adjusting planned lead times when order due dates are missed is an intuitive reaction, but these adjustments can be counterproductive when inherent order lead time instability endangers achievement of logistic targets. In this paper, dynamic models are used to characterize lead time instability in two approaches to work system lead time adjustment. Minimum damping is calculated as a function of lead time adjustment parameters. Industrial data are used to illustrate how the approach provides guidance in selecting production planning and control parameters, with the goal of ensuring stability as a key dynamic foundation for satisfying work system logistic performance targets.

The future of manufacturing and logistics is currently envisioned under many names: Industry 4.0, Manufacturing 2.0, Physical Internet, etc. They share the vision of distributing control tasks to “smart” machines and products to attain higher flexibility, adaptability, and, in the light of increasingly complex and dynamic environmental conditions, higher logistic performance. The flip-side of such systems under distributed control is the rise of “myopic” (short-sighted) decision making, leading to system nervousness and loss of performance. Designing manufacturing (control) systems for distributed control hence is a significant challenge: With the system performance becoming an emergent property of the interplay of various decision making entities, system designers become conductors of societies of cyber-physical systems, seeking to balance the desirable traits of distributing control while limiting the negative effects of myopic decision making. In this contribution, we set out to help manufacturing system designers to better understand myopic behavior and the design decisions that are known to affect it. Our contribution can serve as a design aid for planners of distributed control systems by structuring the solution space of design decisions to control myopic behavior. By pointing to examples from various research streams, we provide guidance for system designers, seeking to maximize the performance of distributed production control systems.

Capacity dimensioning in production systems is an important task within strategic and tactical production planning which impacts system cost and performance. Traditionally capacity demand at each worksystem is determined from standard operating processes and estimated production flow rates, accounting for a desired level of utilization or required throughput times. However, for distributed production control systems, the flows across multiple possible production paths are not known a priori. In this contribution, we use methods from algorithmic game-theory and traffic-modeling to predict the flows, and hence capacity demand across worksystems, based on the available production paths and desired output rates, assuming non-cooperative agents with global information. We propose an iterative algorithm that converges simultaneously to a feasible capacity distribution and a flow distribution over multiple paths that satisfies Wardrop's first principle. We demonstrate our method on models of real-world production networks.

Elementary flux modes (EFMs) are a concept from Systems Biology, where they serve as an indicator of component relevance in metabolic networks. An elementary flux mode is a functionally relevant, non-decomposable path through a given network. In this paper, we apply elementary flux mode analysis to manufacturing systems, with the aim of using the number of EFMs as a predictor for resource significance in the manufacturing system. For this, we formulate a network representation of a manufacturing process, which allows us to define the manufacturing equivalent of a stoichiometric matrix to draw an analogy between metabolic and manufacturing systems. This, in turn, allows the computation of EFMs, which we conduct in a case-study for a real manufacturing system. We further show that the change of EFMs under resource breakdown is a good indicator of the average order lateness in the manufacturing system. In this way, EFMs provide insight into the relationship of network structure and function in manufacturing.

The topic of supply network disruption recovery has started to receive great attention within the academic as well as the business world. This is due to increasingly complex supply networks and the rise of natural and man-made disasters in quantity and severity. In this paper, the topic is approached in an interdisciplinary bio-inspired way. The transferability of biological self-healing principles to the recovery of supply network disruptions is analysed and first propositions are derived. A single case study of the Japanese microcontroller company Renesas Electronics is analysed with regard to the developed propositions. A strategically important plant of Renesas was severely damaged by the triple disaster in Japan in 2011 which led to a disruption of the company's supply network. Five out of six propositions regarding the transferability of biological self-healing are, at least partly, proven. Furthermore, the importance of close collaboration within a network of suppliers, customers and competitors is emphasized. The results make further research in this academically still underdeveloped field promising, especially with regard to implications and strategies for supply chain risk managers.

Technology transfer has been identified as a means for poverty alleviation for decades. Nevertheless, technology transfer projects from industrialized to developing countries have failed repeatedly. Technology transfer projects within the development cooperation area comprise various challenges under economic, environmental, social, institutional and technical dimensions. Inappropriate technology, operation and maintenance issues and lack of socio-cultural entrenchment of the transferred technologies are the most often cited reasons for project failure. Scholars argue that transfer methodologies are more important than the technology itself and it should incorporate aspects and methods from various disciplines such as project management, production, marketing and business innovation in order to ensure sustainable technology transfer and poverty alleviation. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework which outlines the main challenges and transdisciplinary solution approaches for the sustainability of technology transfer projects for poverty alleviation in developing countries from practical and theoretical perspectives. The methodological design consists of literature review combined with experts’ interviews with specialists in technology transfer projects around the world from a specialized NGO. The findings reveal best practices and problems from a highly advanced technology transfer organization in terms of localized technical solutions and agile integrated planning approaches. Yet, the social and institutional aspects remain largely complex and difficult to solve. The recommended transdisciplinary approaches include sustainable business model development, frugal re-engineering methods and agile project management.

Automotive die manufacturers face the constant challenge of producing qualitative products while having to reduce costs. However, cost reduction measures are rather insignificant during the actual manufacturing process as the most important cost-impacting decisions are taken during the design phase. Cost estimation methods attempt to determine the production cost already in the design phase; the cost can be broken down and therefore the plan times of manufacturing processes can be pre-calculated, thus enabling early capacity decisions. Many researchers have been focusing for decades on developing efficient cost estimation methods. Yet their scarce access to cost information meant that most of the developed methods could not be evaluated with real data and thus their implementation in practice being challenged. This paper reviews and classifies cost estimation methods and investigates the accuracy of the estimate based onpractical application in 190 cases. The overall aim is to determine the accuracy level of the studied methods in practice and therefore identify their application fields.

2nd CIRP Robust Manufacturing Conference (RoMac 2014) / Edited by Katja Windt 2nd CIRP Robust Manufacturing Conference, RoMac 2014, Bremen, Germany, 7 Jul 2014 - 9 Jul 2014; Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, Procedia CIRP 19, 33-38 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.procir.2014.04.077, Published by Elsevier, Amsterdam [u.a.]

The fourth chapter aims at the development of a conceptual research framework and the development of propositions on the performance integrated integration of CT into SC concepts. The conceptual framework illustrates the relevant interdependencies between the elements of the SC concepts, the CT concepts as well as integrative measures and instruments with regard to SCP.

According to McKelvey (1999), modelling and simulation can be understood as the primary scientific process if the given research problem is too complex or too costintensive for empirical observation or the application of mathematical modelling approaches.

The third chapter addresses the meaning of CT as an element of SC concepts. It clarifies the position and the meaning of the CT concept for SCP. Therefore, the relationship between the procurement, production and distribution concepts and the embedded and linking transport concept is worked out. In particular, the relevant cause-andeffect relationships between the elements of the sub-concepts and the elements of the CT concept are identified.

Combined transport (CT) is increasingly gaining the interest of policymakers, the general public, production and retailing companies as well as third party logistics providers (3PLs). As the combination of rail and road transport, CT is perceived as a feasible approach to deal with changing supply chain performance (SCP) requirements and the latest problems in road transport. Today, supply chain (SC) activities are evaluated not only according to cost, time and quality, but also performance requirements in terms of flexibility, reliability and sustainability.

The second chapter concretises the problem formulation and discusses different theoretical approaches to support the problem solving. First, the practical problem formulation of SC integration is analysed in detail (section 2.1). Second, the problem formulation is complemented with insights from specific fields of SCM and transport research.

This thesis addresses the question, of how CT can be integrated into SC concepts with regard to the target system of SCP (main research question Q0). The thesis was able to develop an approach for the structured description of SCP requirements regarding the embedded and linking transport concepts (research question Q1). Additionally, a conceptual framework for the description of cause-and-effect relationships between the elements of SC and CT concepts was developed (research question Q2).

Synchronization as a dynamic process has found applications in many fields. However, it remains unclear how this phenomenon relates to manufacturing systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the conditions for emergence of synchronization and its effects on the wide spectrum of production logistics performance objectives. Using queueing theory as the underlying methodology for deductive modeling of manufacturing systems, we run computer simulations on networks of queueing systems and investigate synchronization measurements in relation to system parameters and performance indicators. Our initial findings suggest that different types of manufacturing systems display different synchronization behaviors and that periodically driven systems with deterministic arrival and service rates display higher synchronization in comparison to stochastic ones. Further, we show that intrinsic physics synchronization is correlated to capacity utilization, throughput times and WIP levels, suggesting the co-activity of operations is related to highly utilized systems, while external physics synchronization is anticorrelated to throughput times and WIP levels, suggesting that higher efficiencies emerge with workstation repetitive behavior.