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Background: Unlike atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial flutter (AFl) is thought to be relatively refractory to pharmacological cardioversion (PC), but the evidence is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and efficacy of the PC of AFl with amiodarone in comparison to AF. Materials and methods: This retrospective study covered 727 patients with urgent consult for AF/AFl in a high-volume emergency department between 2015 and 2018. AFl was diagnosed in 222 (30.5%; median age: 68 (62; 75) years; 65.3% men). In a nested case-control study, 59 control patients with AF, matched in terms of age and sex with 60 AFl patients, were subject to PC with amiodarone. The primary endpoint was return of sinus rhythm confirmed using a 12-lead ECG. Results: The AFl population had a median CHA2DS2-VASc score of 3 (2; 4) and episode duration of 72 h (16; 120). In the AFl cohort, 36% of patients were initially subject to PC, 33.3% to electrical cardioversion (EC) and 40.5% to catheter ablation. In comparison to the AF group, the AFl patients required a longer hospitalization time, had a higher rate of EC (p < 0.001) and less frequent use of PC (p < 0.001) and, lower left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.001) and more pronounced cardiovascular risk factors. The efficacy of PC with amiodarone was significantly lower in AFl than AF group (39% vs. 65%, relative risk (RR) 0.60, p = 0.007). Conclusions: AFl patients shared a greater burden of comorbidities than AF patients, while the efficacy of PC in AFl was low. Patients should be initially managed with primary electrical cardioversion.

INTRODUCTION: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) populations with hereditary cancer syndromes face unique barriers to care and thus may not be accessing appropriate cancer screening or risk-reducing procedures. Our objective was to evaluate health care utilization of TGD patients with hereditary cancer syndromes. This includes counseling received, cancer screenings conducted, and risk-reducing procedures performed. METHODS: A case series of TGD patients (N = 11) with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (n = 9) or Lynch syndrome (n = 2) who received care within Kaiser Permanente Northern California between 2009 and 2019. RESULTS: All patients received counseling and prophylactic options. Three patients (27%) completed all recommended screening, 6 (54%) had partial screening, 1 (9%) received no screening, and 1 (9%) did not require any screening. Six (55%) underwent a risk-reducing procedure. DISCUSSION: This case series highlights that despite all the study participants being appropriately counseled by practitioners about their risk of cancer, screening, and prophylactic options, in many cases, the screening received was partial or absent. Relatively few completed all the recommended screenings based on their clinical risk factors. CONCLUSION: Many of the TGD patients with hereditary cancer syndromes in this cohort did not complete all the recommended cancer screening. This can be an area of focus in order to improve the quality of care provided to this vulnerable population.

In Auseinandersetzungen aus internationalen Geschäftsbeziehungen besteht die grösste Herausforderung nicht darin, Mediationen erfolgreich durchzuführen, sondern darin, die Streitparteien überhaupt für den Versuch einer Mediation zu gewinnen. Es stellt sich mithin die Frage, was zu tun ist, dass der Wirtschaftsmediation auch in Europa vermehrt Beachtung geschenkt wird. Ein möglicher Lösungsansatz ist die häufigere Verwendung von Streitbeilegungsklauseln in internationalen Verträgen mit flexiblen Mediationskomponenten während des Schiedsverfahrens. Verschiedene solche Kombinationsmöglichkeiten von Mediation und Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit werden in diesem Artikel beleuchtet. Dabei ist ein Aspekt besonders hervorzuheben: Die besten Ergebnisse können in einem kombinierten Streitbeilegungsverfahren nur mit einer personellen Trennung der Rollen der Mediator*in und Schiedsrichter*in erreicht werden.

There are a handful of programmes in higher education that offer students a joint international study programme and research shows that students have certain levels of anxiety when starting studyin...

Virtual networking opportunities are becoming increasingly important as alternatives or add-ons to offline conferences to lower the academic carbon footprint and make academia more inclusive. Virtu...

Presented here is the transcript of a BBC radio broadcast by Elizabeth Anscombe that was recorded in May 1953 – the month when Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations appeared in England for the first time. In her radio talk, Anscombe provides some biographical and philosophical background for reading the Philosophical Investigations. She addresses the importance of the Tractatus and of the literary qualities of Wittgenstein’s writing. Anscombe warns that it would be fruitless to adopt slogans from Wittgenstein without insight. She also calls it a misunderstanding to think that Wittgenstein had championed something like the Ordinary Language Philosophy as it was practised at the time of the recording.

Im Kontext der in Kapitel V.1 zunachst dargestellten Asthetisierung des Lehrberufs wird in Kapitel V.2 die der Arbeit zugrunde liegende Forschungsfrage beantwortet, was das atmospharische Lehrvermogen im Hinblick auf die Gestaltung einer positiven Unterrichtsatmosphare beinhaltet. Im Rahmen des entwickelten Konzepts fur Lehrende werden diesbezuglich nicht nur die einzelnen Bereiche genannt, sondern die Verbalisierung dient gleichzeitig auch – uber die Bewusstmachung – zur Herausbildung dieses Vermogens. Das Konzept enthalt somit sowohl eine aufzeigende sowie, damit einhergehend, eine bewusstseinsbildende und weiterfuhrend eine befahigende Komponente. Kapitel V.3 beschaftigt sich abschliesend mit der Erwerbbarkeit des atmospharischen Vermogens.

„Wir leben dauernd in Atmospharen, wir werden durch Atmospharen bestimmt und bestimmen sie selbst.“ (Bohme, 2007, S. 39) Im Kontext der neuen Asthetik sind Atmospharen (gr. atmos: dt. Dampf, Dunst, Hauch und gr. sphaira: dt. Kugel (Adelung, 2014a, S. 225)) bei Gernot Bohme damit zunachst einmal eins: Alltagserscheinungen.

Im vorliegenden Teil werden Theorie und Praxis und somit asthetische beziehungsweise atmospharische und unterrichtspraktische Inhalte miteinander in Beziehung gesetzt sowie gedanklich weiterentwickelt. Kapitel III.1 fuhrt hin zum Begriff der Unterrichtsatmosphare, welcher in Kapitel III.2 im Hinblick auf einige grundlegende (und zunachst nichtwertende) Merkmale beschrieben wird. Kapitel III.3 beschaftigt sich mit moglichen (Mit-)Erzeugenden von Unterrichtsatmospharen, bevor schlieslich in Kapitel III.4 eine Wertung hinsichtlich einer positiven Unterrichtsatmosphare unter Bezugnahme auf Literatur unter anderem aus (Musik)Padagogik und aktueller Unterrichtsforschung vorgenommen wird.

Dem methodischen Vorgehen der Arbeit liegen Begrifflichkeiten und Sichtweisen zugrunde, die in Kapitel IV.1 zunachst erlautert werden. Kapitel IV.2 beinhaltet daran anknupfend die Beschreibung des Untersuchungssdesigns im Hinblick auf Datenerhebung und -aufbereitung sowie allgemeiner Merkmale. Abschliesend folgt in Kapitel IV.3 eine Darstellung angewandter Gutekriterien zur Uberprufung der Wissenschaftlichkeit der Untersuchung.

In cancer care, where patients and their families experience significant emotional distress and patients have to deal with complex medical information, patient centeredness is an important aspect of quality of care. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of patients' trust in their oncologists and patients' enablement on changes in health-related quality of life of colon cancer patients during follow-up care. We conducted a prospective study in a representative sample of private practices of German oncologists (N = 44). Patients (N = 131) filled out a standardized questionnaire prior to their first consultation (T0), directly after the first consultation (T1) and after two months (T2). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Significant associations were found between trust in physician and changes in physical functioning between T1 and T2, and between trust in physician and patient enablement. Patient enablement is significantly associated with changes in physical functioning between T1 and T2. The results underline the importance of building a close and trustful patient-physician relationship in the oncology encounter. A central mechanism of the association between the quality of the relationship and health outcomes seems to be patient enablement. To enable patients to cope with their situation by making them understand their diagnosis, treatments, and side effects can impact health-related quality of life in physical domains.

Mangroves are increasingly being recognised for the important ecosystem services they provide, including carbon fixation, shoreline protection and fisheries habitats. In addition, they provide typical forest goods such as timber and firewood; harvesting these can cause forest degradation and loss. In Kenya, a large proportion of the rural population cook using firewood on traditional, inefficient three-stone fires. Although harvesting mangrove wood is illegal, the high poverty rate, absence of alternative fuels and lack of law enforcement mean it is likely to remain widespread, with consequent pressure on the forests. The use of three-stone fires has been associated with high levels of indoor air pollution, causing adverse health impacts. The current project aimed to determine a baseline of wood usage and health burden caused by indoor air pollution at a mangrove dependent community in Gazi Bay, southern Kenya. Basic information about fuel usage and perceived health problems related to indoor air pollution was collected using a questionnaire. Wood usage patterns were recorded for 28 days to establish the average daily wood consumption and main species used. Passive diffusion tubes were used to assess CO concentrations over 24 hours. Particulate pollution for the size fraction PM2.5 was measured during cooking using a DustTrak aerosol monitor. Mean daily per capita wood consumption was 1.2 kg although this varied significantly depending on household size, with larger households using less per capita wood. The mangrove Rhizophora mucronata made up 10% of wood used and people spent, on average, 22 hours per month collecting wood. The mean 24-hour CO concentration was 5.9ppm. The average level of PM2.5 during cooking was 10 mg/m3 respectively. Chronic exposure at those levels is expected to cause significant health impacts of the kinds indicated by symptoms reported from the questionnaires. Improved cookstove introduction in Gazi is recommended as feasible as participants showed not only interest in improved cookstoves and awareness of the health implications from indoor air pollution, but also were willing to invest financially in improved cookstoves.

The aim of this exploratory study was to examine how the working conditions and job stress of private practice oncologists (PPOs) affect their interaction with patients. Data for the study were collected through semi-structured interviews with PPOs selected based on purposeful sampling criteria. The data were evaluated using content analysis. Factors perceived by PPOs to influence their level of stress and patient care were some of their own personal characteristics as well as working conditions both within and outside their practices. Apart from being able to name specific stressors (e.g., dysfunctional organisational workflow and interruptions during medical encounters), the oncologists also mentioned individual and organisational resources (e.g., professional experience, well-educated nurses and good work organisation) for coping with job stress and improving interaction with patients. Within this study, we identified some obstacles on the individual and organisational level for good patient care, as working conditions which might lead to time pressure and stress, which subsequently have an impact on quality in patient care (e.g., less time for personal issues during patient consultations). Future stress research should conduct a more in-depth investigation of these and other interventions at both the individual and organisational levels in order to improve patient care.

Objective Little is known about how organizational factors influence the patient–physician interaction. This study investigates the relationship between physician workload in hospitals and breast cancer patients’ perceptions of the support provided by physicians. Methods Data from 1844 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients treated in 35 breast cancer center hospitals in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia in 2010 were combined with data from 348 physicians from the same hospitals. Multilevel logistic regression models were calculated using 31 hospitals with complete patient and physician data. Patients’ perceptions of physician support were studied in relation to physician workload in hospitals. Results Breast cancer patients perceived themselves as receiving less support from physicians when treated in hospitals where physicians reported working more overtime hours and having less time for patient care. Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence of the association between the hospital work environment and physicians’ ability to support patients. Future studies should investigate the extent to which physicians’ interaction performance can be modified through hospital-level interventions aimed at managing workload. Practice implications By approaching the problem of physician staffing in hospitals and investing in the hospitals’ working conditions, health policy and hospital management could create conditions conducive to better patient–physician interaction.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a transformational leadership style on employee well-being.Data for the study were taken from an on-line survey of all employees from six German companies in the information and communication technology sector. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions.Analysis of data from a total of 318 employees (response rate 58.4%) revealed a significant relationship between transformational leadership and employee well-being (P = 0.00; OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.22). A higher degree of perceived transformational leadership is associated with greater well-being.The results of this study suggest that a transformational leadership style, which both conveys a sense of trust and meaningfulness and individually challenges and develops employees, also has a positive effect on employee well-being.

Background Depression is the leading cause of disability and high costs worldwide. One possibility for preventing depression in the workplace, which has received little consideration so far, is the promotion of a successful balance between work and personal life. The aim of this study was to investigate employees' negative and positive work–home interaction and their association with depressive symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the micro- and nanotechnology sector in Germany. A stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using data from N = 213 employees. Results The results suggest that while negative work–home interaction is associated with an increased risk for depressive symptoms, positive work–home interaction is correlated with a lower risk. Neither positive nor negative interaction in the home-to-work direction demonstrated a significant association with depressive symptoms. Conclusion When attempting to prevent mental illnesses, such as depression, it is important to develop strategies aimed at reducing conflict between work and personal life and promoting a positive exchange between these two domains. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:590–598, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

BackgroundThe health services sector is focusing increasingly on the concept of quality management to assure a high-standard and patient-centred care. The successful implementation of quality management in hospitals requires quality emphasis of all team members. Research has shown that aspects of organizational culture in hospitals are related to the quality of care.ObjectiveTherefore, the aim of this study is to determine the relationship between social capital as aspect of organizational culture and the level of quality emphasis.DesignA cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in German hospitals. Data of 959 nurses were collected in a standardized postal survey.ResultsIn logistic regression analysis three independent variables are significantly associated with quality emphasis: professional experience, social capital, and male gender. Social capital is the central predictor of quality emphasis explaining 27% of the variance in the model.ConclusionOur results underline the importance of s...

Objective: This study examines the association between social capital at work and depressive symptoms in employees. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were collected through an online survey with the full population of employees from six companies in the German information and communication technology sector (response rate: 58.4%). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: Results of data from a total of 328 employees suggest that, after controlling for sociodemographic factors, health awareness, and job strain, lower levels of perceived social capital at work are associated with the experience of depressive symptoms (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.64–0.90). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that characteristics of high social capital at work, such as an established environment of trust and a sense of common values and convictions, could be an essential resource for preventing depressive disorders.

Background: Psychosocial factors attract interest in investigating the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Design This study aimed to examine the impact of critical life events on the development of myocardial infarction in smokers and ex-smokers. We hypothesized that critical life events increase the risk of the disease. Methods: Data were taken from the Cologne Smoking Study (CoSmoS), a retrospective multicentre case-control study that examines which psychosocial factors may lead to a higher risk for smokers and ex-smokers of suffering from a myocardial infarction. Our sample consisted of n = 278 myocardial infarction participants and control participants. Both groups had a history of smoking. Logistic regression was used in the analysis. Results: The study results of the smoking and ex-smoking participants showed that sociodemographic data like gender and age have an effect on the development of myocardial infarction. Physical activity seems to offer protection aganist myocardial infarction. Final, the unexpected result that the experience of at least one critical life event seems to have a positive effect on health and so lowers the risk of myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Socio-demographic data and physical activity have an effect on the development of myocardial infarction. Participants with experience of critical life events appear to be strengthened after the events and possess adequate resources to protect their health.

KOWALSKI C., WEBER R., JUNG J., ANSMANN L. & PFAFF H. (2011) European Journal of Cancer Care21, 205–212 In-house information about and contact with self-help groups in breast cancer patients: associated with patient and hospital characteristics? The number of breast cancer patients who are informed about and have contact with patient self-help groups (SHGs) during their hospital stay varies across hospitals. The aim of this study is to investigate which patient and hospital characteristics contribute to these differences. Multilevel regression analysis was applied, using data on hospital characteristics and data from a patient survey, which catalogued the disease and socio-demographic characteristics of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, and recorded if they were informed about and had contact with SHGs during their hospital stay. Data from 2639 patients from 82 hospitals were analysed. The odds of being informed about SHGs were significantly lower if patients were treated at a teaching hospital. Patients aged 40 to 59 years significantly more often reported that they were informed about SHGs than patients aged 60 to 69 years. Patients with the highest education certificates significantly more often reported that they both were informed about and have had contact with SHGs. These results suggest that in teaching hospitals, information provided to patients about SHGs is reduced. Furthermore, patients are differentially given information about SHGs and have different levels of contact with SHGs, based on their age and education.

Aim of the study Worksite health management (WHM) can positively influence employee health and performance. However, it has not yet been comprehensively implemented in companies. This study aims to identify the role of organisational structures in the implementation of WHM. Methods In this cross-sectional study, data were collected on the companies' WHM and the organisational structure. Out of 522 randomly selected companies within the German information technology and communication (ITC) sector, one managing director for each company was being questioned through telephone interviews. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results The results of the study reveal that the implementation of WHM is positively correlated with a large company size (OR 2.75; 95%-CI 1.10-6.88) and with the existence of an employee representation (OR 2.48; 95%-CI 1.54-3.98). Other structural characteristics, such as the employment of a company physician, the percentage of temporary workers as well as the staff's age and sex distribution do not seem to have a significant impact on the implementation of WHM. Conclusions The results indicate that the implementation of WHM can only be explained to a certain degree by organisational structures. However, the findings highlight the fact that companies with few structural resources are in particular need of tailored support when implementing WHM.

Objective This study examines the association between perceived social capital and health promotion willingness (HPW) of companies from a chief executive officer's perspective. Methods Data for the cross-sectional study were collected through telephone interviews with one chief executive officer from randomly selected companies within the German information and communication technology sector. A hierarchical multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results Results of the logistic regression analysis of data from a total of n = 522 interviews suggest that higher values of perceived social capital are associated with pronounced HPW in companies (odds ratio = 3.78; 95% confidence intervals, 2.24 to 6.37). Conclusions Our findings suggest that characteristics of high social capital, such as an established environment of trust as well as a feeling of common values and convictions could help promote HPW.

In Cannabis sativa, Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-A (Delta9-THCA-A) is the non-psychoactive precursor of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta9-THC). In fresh plant material, about 90% of the total Delta9-THC is available as Delta9-THCA-A. When heated (smoked or baked), Delta9-THCA-A is only partially converted to Delta9-THC and therefore, Delta9-THCA-A can be detected in serum and urine of cannabis consumers. The aim of the presented study was to identify the metabolites of Delta9-THCA-A and to examine particularly whether oral intake of Delta9-THCA-A leads to in vivo formation of Delta9-THC in a rat model. After oral application of pure Delta9-THCA-A to rats (15 mg/kg body mass), urine samples were collected and metabolites were isolated and identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and high resolution LC-MS using time of flight-mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) for accurate mass measurement. For detection of Delta9-THC and its metabolites, urine extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The identified metabolites show that Delta9-THCA-A undergoes a hydroxylation in position 11 to 11-hydroxy-Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-A (11-OH-Delta9-THCA-A), which is further oxidized via the intermediate aldehyde 11-oxo-Delta9-THCA-A to 11-nor-9-carboxy-Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-A (Delta9-THCA-A-COOH). Glucuronides of the parent compound and both main metabolites were identified in the rat urine as well. Furthermore, Delta9-THCA-A undergoes hydroxylation in position 8 to 8-alpha- and 8-beta-hydroxy-Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-A, respectively, (8alpha-Hydroxy-Delta9-THCA-A and 8beta-Hydroxy-Delta9-THCA-A, respectively) followed by dehydration. Both monohydroxylated metabolites were further oxidized to their bishydroxylated forms. Several glucuronidation conjugates of these metabolites were identified. In vivo conversion of Delta9-THCA-A to Delta9-THC was not observed.

Bisher fehlte in Deutschland ein valides Messinstrument zur patientenbasierten Erfassung von Raucherentwohnungsmasnahmen durch Primararzte. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es daher, die im Rahmen der CoSmoS-Studie entwickelte „SmoCess-GP- (Smoking Cessation-General Practitioner-)Skala“ psychometrisch zu evaluieren. Die Untersuchung erfolgte anhand einer Stichprobe der CoSmoS-Studie mit n=127 rauchenden Patienten. Die psychometrische Evaluation wurde mittels exploratorischer Faktoren- und Reliabilitatsanalyse durchgefuhrt. Zur Bewertung der Konstruktvaliditat wurden bivariate Korrelationen verwendet. Fur die „SmoCess-GP“-Skala wurde eine eindimensionale Losung ermittelt, welche 64,6% der Gesamtvarianz erklart. Cronbachs α betragt 0,68. Ein positiver Zusammenhang der Skala ergab sich mit dem Merkmal Nikotinabhangigkeit (r=0,266, p

We report the case of attempted suicide with amlodipine, chlorthalidone and mefenamic acid and subsequent medical intensive care measures which resulted in total recovery of a 42-year-old male. After admission to the medical intensive care unit the intoxicated patient was deeply hypotensive and needed fluid replacement, dobutamine and norepinephrine. Additionally insulin and calcium gluconate were given. Since hypotension persisted and the patient developed oliguria, terlipressin was applied and finally showed an effect on blood pressure and on urinary output. A volume overload of 7 L in the first 24 h resulted in a pulmonary edema. The patient was started on non-invasive ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and frusemide was added to the therapy with good success. Quantitative determination of amlodipine in plasma samples was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The highest amlodipine concentrations was measured in the plasma sample collected approximately 8 h after ingestion of the drug, and was 393 microg/L. Four days later, it was possible to stop the treatment with catecholamines, at that time the amlodipine plasma concentration had declined to 132 microg/L, still tenfold higher than therapeutic (5-18 microg/L). Elimination half-life of amlodipine is approximately 55 h. After 6 days in the intensive care unit the patient was transferred to psychiatric treatment. Intensive care management and plasma levels in this intoxication case are compared to data from literature on other cases.

Objective The purpose of this paper is to describe the theoretical development and initial validation of the newly developed Work-Life Balance Culture Scale (WLBCS), an instrument for measuring an organizational culture that promotes the work-life balance of employees. Methods In Study 1 (N=498), the scale was developed and its factorial validity tested through exploratory factor analyses. In Study 2 (N=513), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to examine model fit and retest the dimensional structure of the instrument. To assess construct validity, a priori hypotheses were formulated and subsequently tested using correlation analyses. Results Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a one-factor model. Results of the bivariate correlation analyses may be interpreted as preliminary evidence of the scale's construct validity. Conclusion The five-item WLBCS is a new and efficient instrument with good overall quality. Its conciseness makes it particularly suitable for use in employee surveys to gain initial insight into a company's perceived work-life balance culture.

To examine the relationships among employees' emotional exhaustion, positive and negative work-home interaction, and perceived work-life balance culture in companies.Data for this study were collected through online surveys of employees from companies in the micro- and nanotechnology sectors (N = 509). A structural equation modeling analysis was performed.A company culture perceived by employees as supportive of their work-life balance was found to have both a direct negative effect on emotional exhaustion and an indirect negative effect meditated by negative work-home interaction. In addition, whereas negative work-home interaction associated positively with emotional exhaustion, positive work-home interaction had no significant effect.The direct and indirect relationship between work-life balance culture and emotional exhaustion has practical implications for health promotion in companies.

SUMMARY This study takes a first step toward examining the relationship between organizational characteristics and the perceived attitude toward health promotion in companies from the perspective of chief executive officers (CEOs). Data for the cross-sectional study were collected through telephone interviews with one CEO from randomly selected companies within the German information and communication technology (ICT) sector. Multivariate logistic regression analysis (LRA) was performed, and further LRA was conducted after stratifying on company size. LRA of data from a total of n ¼ 522 interviews found significant associations between the attitude toward health promotion and the company’s market position, its number of hierarchical levels, the percentage of permanent positions and the percentage of employees with an academic education. After stratification on company size, the association between the attitude toward health promotion and both market position and the percentage of employees with an academic education was still present in small companies. There were no significant relationships between the attitude toward health promotion and the structural characteristics of medium-sized and large companies. The preliminary results of the study indicate that a perceived attitude toward health promotion in companies can be explained, to a certain degree, by the intraorganizational characteristics analyzed. Our key findings highlight that efforts toward establishing a positive attitude toward health promotion should focus on small companies with a lower market position and a greater number of employees with a lower education level.