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Evaluate the influence of maternal consumption of safflower oil on reflex maturation, memory and offspring hippocampal oxidative stress.Two groups were formed: control group (C), whose mothers received a standard diet, and Safflower group (SF), whose mothers received a normolipidic diet with safflower oil as lipid source. Treatment was given from the 14th day of gestation and throughout lactation. To evaluate newborn development, the reflex ontogeny indicators between the 1st and the 21st days of life were evaluated; to assess memory, from the 42nd day of life on these animals were examined on open field habituation and novel object recognition test. Following behavioral analysis, the animals were anesthetized and decapitated. Hippocampus was rapidly dissected. In the hippocampal tissues, we evaluated the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH).SF offspring showed delayed maturation of reflexes and improvement of novel object recognition in short-term and long-term (p 0.05). Safflower oil decreases lipid peroxidation evaluated by MDA levels (p 0.001) and increases antioxidant defenses as shown by SOD, CAT, GST and GSH levels (p 0.05). In our study, the composition of flavonoids present in the oil was not evaluated. Furthermore, in a future study, the effect of maternal consumption on female offspring should be verified.Maternal intake of safflower oil could: (1) change neonate reflex parameters, (2) promote improvement of cognitive development in adolescence (3) improve antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic defenses in the hippocampus.

In this study, we evaluate the technological, nutritional, and bioactivity effects on goat-milk yogurt of adding different concentrations of xique-xique flour: 1.0% (XY1%) and 2.0% (XY2%). The goat-milk yogurts (stored under refrigeration) also contained Limosilactobacillus mucosae CNPC007 (an autochthonous strain). The XY1% and XY2% treatments presented greater intensity in terms of color (yellow), and greater luminosity (L*) during storage than the control yogurt (CY). Up to the 14th day of storage, the XY1% and XY2% treatments presented greater viscosity values as well. During storage, as in any fermentation process, a reduction in lactose (hydro- lysis) was observed, with a greater release of simple sugars glucose and galactose and a concomitant increase in the lactic acid content. The PCA confirmed that these behaviors were more evident from the 14th day of the XY1% treatment, and on the 28th day in XY2% treatment. After 28 days of storage, XY2% presented higher counts of L. mucosae CNPC007, with higher mineral, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoid contents, as well as greater antioxidant activity (by FRAP). Xique-xique flour can be used to produce goat-milk yogurt without negatively affecting its technological characteristics, adding both nutritional and functional value to the product. Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T11:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1-s2.0-S0023643822001001-main.pdf: 1832619 bytes, checksum: 5249ad790e928ebe3258c7b36cd33d60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of red onion peel extract using ultrasound extraction. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH, inhibition of β-carotene, ABTS and FRAP....

This study tested the hypothesis that naturally and industrially produced trans-fatty acids can exert distinct effects on metabolic parameters and on gut microbiota of rats. Wistar rats were randomized into three groups according to the diet: CONT-control, with 5% soybean oil and normal amount of fat; HVF-20% of hydrogenated vegetable fat (industrial); and RUM-20% of ruminant fat (natural). After 53 days of treatment, serum biochemical markers, fatty acid composition of liver, heart and adipose tissue, histology and hepatic oxidative parameters, as well as gut microbiota composition were evaluated. HVF diet intake reduced triglycerides (≈ 39.39%) and VLDL levels (≈ 39.49%). Trans-fatty acids levels in all tissue were higher in HVF group. However, RUM diet intake elevated amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (≈ 14.7%) compared to CONT, but not to HVF. Furthermore, RUM intake led to higher concentrations of stearic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in all tissue; this particular diet was associated with a hepatoprotective effect. The microbial gut communities were significantly different among the groups. Our results show that ruminant fat reversed the hepatic steatosis normally caused by high fat diets, which may be related to the remodelling of the gut microbiota and its anti-inflammatory potential.

Our study evaluates the impacts of maternal consumption of different levels of CLA during pregnancy and lactation on physical and metabolic changes in the rat progeny. Three groups were formed: control (CG) - diet without CLA; CLA1 - diet containing 1% CLA; and CLA3 - diet containing 3% CLA. Murinometry, body fat collection, biochemical analysis, glycemic curves, liver fat amount, and fatty acid profiles of the liver were studied. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by the Tukey test (p < 0.05). The CLA3 group presented highest body weight, feed intake and BMI (p < 0.05). The retroperitoneal fat, epididymal fat, and body fat index were higher in the CLA1 and CLA3 groups (p < 0.05) but no difference was observed for mesenteric fat. Yet in contrast, the experimental groups presented lower abdominal circumference and glycemic curves when compared to the CG (p < 0.05). CLA1 and CLA3 groups presented higher values of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05), yet no difference was found in serum triglycerides or LDL. The CLA3 group presented less n-3, n-6, total PUFA, and arachidonic acid in liver fat (p < 0.05). The CLA1 and CLA3 groups were higher in total MUFA in the liver fat. In conclusion, CLA when consumed during gestation and lactation increased: tolerance to glucose, HDL, and the body fat index in the offspring. Only the CLA3 group presented reduced total PUFA, n-3, n-6 and arachidonic acid in the offspring's liver.

Depression and anxiety disorders may have physiological and behavioral effects that may be linked to heart disease or, more broadly, to metabolic conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemias. The present study had as objective to evaluate the repercussion of lipid emulsion induced by a high fat lipid emulsion (EATG) using modified methodology on the behavioral parameters and memory of adult wistar rats. The animals were divided into two groups: Control Group - GC (n = 10) and dyslipidemic group - GCD (n = 8). The GCD group was treated with EATG, via gavage 1mL / 100 g of weight, for two weeks, after induction received standard commercial diet for another 4 weeks. The GC was submitted to the same gavage condition, distilled water being administered in the same proportion. We analyzed biochemical parameters, visceral fats, anxiety parameters using the open field test and the Labyrinth in High Cross and for short term memory evaluation; the object recognition test was performed using the open field apparatus. As for the effect of the protocol inducing dyslipidemia, it was observed that treatment with EATG with partial substitution of cholesterol by egg yolk was able to induce dyslipidemia. Regarding the results in the open field test, no parameter presented statistical difference and in the high cross maze test only the rearing parameter presented statistical difference. In the recognition of objects when comparing the groups, there was no statistical difference. Therefore, such results demonstrate that the new methodology was able to induce dyslipidemia but was not able to induce changes in the anxiety and memory behavior of the animals. Los trastornos de depresión y ansiedad pueden tener efectos fisiológicos y de comportamiento que pueden estar relacionados con enfermedades del corazón o, más ampliamente, con afecciones metabólicas, como la obesidad, el síndrome metabólico y la dislipidemia. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto de la dislipidemia inducida por una emulsión de lípidos con alto contenido de grasa (EATG) utilizando una metodología modificada sobre los parámetros de comportamiento y la memoria de las ratas wistar adultas. Los animales se dividieron en dos grupos: Grupo de control - CG (n = 10) y Grupo dislipidémico - GCD (n = 8). El grupo GCD se trató con EATG, a través de una sonda de 1 ml / 100 g de peso, durante dos semañas, después de la inducción, recibieron una dieta estándar comercial durante otras 4 semanas. GC se sometió a la misma condición de sonda, con agua destilada administrada en la misma proporción. Se analizaron parámetros bioquímicos, grasas viscerales, parámetros de ansiedad y memoria a corto plazo. Con respecto al efecto del protocolo inductor de dislipidemia, se observó que el tratamiento con EATG con reemplazo parcial de colesterol por yema de huevo pudo inducir dislipidemia. En cuanto a los resultados en la prueba de campo abierto, ningún parámetro mostró diferencia estadística y en la prueba de laberinto elevado más solo el parámetro de crianza mostró diferencia estadística. En el reconocimiento de objetos al comparar grupos, no hubo diferencia estadística. Por lo tanto, tales resultados demuestran que la nueva metodología fue capaz de inducir dislipidemia, pero no fue capaz de inducir cambios en el comportamiento de ansiedad y memoria de los animales. Transtornos de depressão e ansiedade podem ter efeitos fisiológicos e comportamentais que podem estar ligados à doença cardíaca ou, mais amplamente, às condições metabólicas, como obesidade, síndrome metabólica e dislipidemias. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a repercussão da dislipidemia induzida por uma emulsão lipídica de alto teor de gordura (EATG) utilizando metodologia modificada sobre os parâmetros comportamentais e memória de ratos wistar adultos. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo Controle – GC (n =10) e grupo dislipidêmico – GCD (n= 8). O grupo GCD foi tratado com EATG, via gavagem 1mL/100g de peso, durante duas semanas, após indução receberam dieta padrão comercial por mais 4 semanas. GC foi submetido à mesma condição de gavagem, sendo administrada água destilada na mesma proporção. Foram analisados parâmetros bioquímicos, gorduras viscerais, parâmetros de ansiedade e memória a curto prazo. Quanto ao efeito do protocolo indutor da dislipidemia, observou-se que o tratamento com EATG com substituição parcial de colesterol por gema de ovo foi capaz de induzir a dislipidemia. Quanto aos resultados no teste de campo aberto nenhum parâmetro apresentou diferença estatística e no teste de labirinto em cruz elevado apenas o parâmetro rearing apresentou diferença estatística. No reconhecimento de objetos quando comparados os grupos, não houve diferença estatística. Portanto, tais resultados demonstram que a nova metodologia foi capaz de induzir dislipidemia, mas não foi capaz de induzir alterações no comportamento de ansiedade e memória dos animais.

A geleia é um produto muito apreciado pelos brasileiros sendo considerada uma alternativa para o aproveitamento de frutas. Objetivou-se através desta pesquisa a elaboração de geleia de frutos de mandacaru e maracujazeiro amarelo e avaliar as condições microbiológicas. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Microbiologia da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Para elaboração da geleia tipo extra, utilizou-se a proporção frutos:açúcar de 50:50, acrescentando-se 40% de água. Para tanto, os frutos foram batidos num liquidificador com água, peneirados, e ao suco foi acrescentado o açúcar, sendo levado ao fogo baixo (180 ±1 °C). A verificação do ponto de geleia teve como base o teor de sólidos solúveis (62%). A determinação dos parâmetros microbiológicos seguiu metodologia recomendada pela American Public Healh Association e os parâmetros de controle de qualidade. A geleia de mandacaru e maracujazeiro amarelo é um produto oriundo do processamento da polpa do maracujá e do fruto integral do mandacaru. Para as análises da qualidade microbiológica verificou-se ausência de Salmonella sp., contagem de coliformes totais e termotolerantes < 3 NMP/g e valores < 1 x 104 UFC/g para contagem de bactérias aeróbias e mesófilas, encontrando-se, assim, dentro do limite de tolerância estabelecido pela Legislação RDC n° 12, de 02 de Janeiro de 2001 . Conclui-se que o método de preparo é de fácil execução e de baixo custo, sendo uma alternativa em potencial a valorização dos ingredientes locais e regionais. A geleia foi tratada em condições ideais de higiene, atestando, boa qualidade microbiológica para ser utilizada com segurança.

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) is characterized by a deregulated immune response. Probiotics are able to modulate the intestinal microbiota and regulating inflammatory responses. This study evaluated the effect of pretreatment of Lactobacillus rhamnosus EM1107, isolated (EM1107) or added to goat cheese (LRC), on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. EM1107 or LRC had a protective effect on intestinal inflammation, with the improvement of disease activity index and macroscopic damage caused by inflammation. It also reduced myeloperoxidase, TNF-α, IL-1β colonic levels and improved oxidative stress. The histological evaluation confirmed the beneficial effect in colonic tissue preservation. Intestinal immunohistochemical analysis revealed down-regulation of IL-17, NF-κB p65, MMP-2, MMP-9, and iNOS expression, up-regulation of SOCs-1, ZO-1 and MUC-2, which are important intestinal mucosal barrier proteins. These results suggest that Lactobacillus rhamnosus EM1107 alone or added to goat cheese exerts a preventive effect against acetic acid-induced damage and may be an alternative to human IBD.

Phyllanthus niruri L. (Phyllanthaceae) is a plant used in traditional medicine, mainly to treat kidney stones. However, the effects of maternal exposure to P. niruri remain poorly explored.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of administration of aqueous extract of P. niruri (AEPN) during pregnancy and lactation, in maternal toxicity, reflex maturation, and offspring memory.Pregnant rats were divided into three groups (n = 8/group): Control (vehicle), AEPN 75, and AEPN 150 (each respectively treated with P. niruri at a dose of 75 and 150 mg/kg/day). The animals were treated via intragastric gavage during pregnancy and lactation. Weight gain, feed intake, and reproductive performance were analyzed in the mothers. In the offspring, the following tests were performed: Neonatal Reflex Ontogeny, Open Field Habituation Test and the Object Recognition Test in adulthood.Maternal exposure to AEPN did not influence weight gain, feed intake, or reproductive parameters. In the offspring, anticipation of reflex ontogenesis (time of completion) was observed (p 0.05). During adulthood, the AEPN groups presented decreases in exploratory activity upon their second exposure to the Open Field Habituation Test (in a dose-dependent manner) (p 0.05). In the Object Recognition Test, administration of the extract at 75 and 150 mg/kg induced significant dose-dependent improvements in short and long-term memory (p 0.05).Administration of the AEPN accelerated the reflex maturation in neonates, and improved offspring memory while inducing no maternal or neonatal toxicity.

Macaíba palm seed kernel is a source of lipids and phenolic compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of macaíba palm seed kernel on anxiety, memory, and oxidative stress in the brain of health and dyslipidemic rats. Forty rats were used, divided into 4 groups (n = 10 each): control (CONT), dyslipidemic (DG), kernel (KG), and Dyslipidemic kernel (DKG). Dyslipidemia was induced using a high fat emulsion for 14 days before treatment. KG and DKG received 1000 mg/kg of macaíba palm seed kernel per gavage for 28 days. After treatment, anxiety tests were carried out using the Open Field Test (OFT), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), and the Object Recognition Test (ORT) to assess memory. In the animals’ brain tissue, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total glutathione (GSH) were quantified to determine oxidative stress. The data were treated with Two Way ANOVA followed by Tukey (p

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades antioxidantes dos extratos da flor e da folha de malvavisco. Os antioxidantes sintéticos podem causar malefícios à saúde humana, por isso, há uma crescente busca por fontes de antioxidantes naturais. Os extratos foram obtidos por agitação por 15 minutos, a 40 ºC, utilizando-se álcool de cereais 60% e, a partir do extrato, foram determinados os teores de fenólicos totais, flavonoides totais e a atividade antioxidante, pelos métodos de FRAP, ABTS e IC50. Os resultados indicam que os extratos da flor e da folha de malvavisco são ricos em compostos fenólicos totais e flavonoides totais, além de se manifestarem como potentes antioxidantes. Conclui-se, assim, que os extratos de malvavisco são uma alternativa promissora de substituição dos antioxidantes sintéticos.

A espécie Phyllanthus niruri possui uma variedade de propriedades farmacológicas, que são favoráveis ao desenvolvimento e à inovação de novos fármacos e medicamentos. Portanto, objetivou-se realizar um estudo comparativo, a partir do mapeamento científico e tecnológico, por meio da análise de patentes e de artigos científicos relacionados à P. niruri. Os resultados apontaram o Japão como o maior depositante de patentes, enquanto a Índia é detentora do maior número de artigos publicados. Em comparação a outros países, o Brasil apresentou elevada produção científica e baixa produção tecnológica. O maior percentual de depósitos de patentes e de publicações científicas contemplam o uso da P. niruri como medicinal. As aplicações das patentes compreendem ainda o uso da planta como ingrediente ativo em preparações cosméticas e em produtos para higiene pessoal. Conclui-se que, apesar da P. niruri ser uma espécie de importante relevância medicinal, o Brasil possui apenas interesse científico.

Transtornos de depressao e ansiedade podem ter efeitos fisiologicos e comportamentais que podem estar ligados a doenca cardiaca ou, mais amplamente, as condicoes metabolicas, como obesidade, sindrome metabolica e dislipidemias. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a repercussao da dislipidemia induzida por uma emulsao lipidica de alto teor de gordura (EATG) utilizando metodologia modificada sobre os parâmetros comportamentais e memoria de ratos wistar adultos. Os animais foram distribuidos em dois grupos: Grupo Controle – GC (n =10) e grupo dislipidemico – GCD (n= 8). O grupo GCD foi tratado com EATG, via gavagem1mL/100 g de peso, durante duas semanas, apos inducao receberam dieta padrao comercial por mais 4 semanas. O GC foi submetido a mesma condicao de gavagem, sendo administrada agua destilada na mesma proporcao. Foram analisados parâmetros bioquimicos, gorduras viscerais, parâmetros de ansiedade utilizando o teste de campo aberto e Labirinto em Cruz Elevado e para avaliacao de memoria a curto prazo; foi realizado o teste de reconhecimento de objetos usando o aparato do campo aberto. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o T-test para Comparacao entre os grupos, sendo considerado p

Goat fat is one of the best sources of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a fatty acid which has health benefits. However, though CLA is generated in ruminants, CLA consumption is limited to meats and milk products. This study aimed to replace vegetable fat with goat milk fat enriched with CLA. From differing fat sources, four cookie recipes were developed: CVF-vegetable fat cookies; CB-butter cookies; CG-goat milk fat cookies without CLA; CGCLA-goat milk fat cookies with CLA. The cookies were evaluated using physical (color and texture), physical-chemical parameters (lipids, proteins, total sugars, fiber, ash, moisture and Aw), consumer testing (n = 123), and lipid profiles. The CGCLA presented higher values in the color parameters. The highest and the lowest scores obtained for hardness were respectively 5.54 (CB) and 2.21 (CVF). Lipids and total sugars varied inversely; the highest percentages of lipids were in the CVF and CG samples which obtained lower total sugar content. There were no differences in acceptance or preference for the four formulations. The goat cream formulations (CG and CGCLA) were as well accepted as the CFV formulation. For lipid profiles, CFV presented the highest percentage of trans-fatty acids (TFA) at 16.76%. CGCLA presented 70% more CLA than either CB or CG, certifying that CGCLA presents CLA in relevant quantities, even after cooking. The CGCLA presented higher levels of CLA, and in this study it was verified that goat milk cream enriched with CLA can be used in producing cookies, adding functional and nutritional properties, and offering another alternative(s) to produce food from goat milk fat.

Objetivo: A valiar os efeitos da suplementacao com o oleo de cartamo sobre a composicao corporal, e bioquimica de ratos exercitados. Metodos: Quarenta ratos machos foram divididos em quatro grupos: controle sedentario, controle exercitado, oleo de cartamo sedentario e oleo de cartamo exercitado. O exercicio realizado foi de corrida em esteira durante quatro semanas. Foi aferido a murinometria dos animais, o consumo, proteina, gordura da carcaca, gordura hepatica, gordura abdominal e parâmetros bioquimicos. As analises estatisticas foram feitas utilizando o teste Anova seguido de Tukey, com p < 0,05. Resultados: O grupo oleo de cartamo exercitado obteve respostas positivas com relacao aos parâmetros avaliados, como reducao no consumo, peso, indice de massa corporal, gordura abdominal e total. O grupo oleo de cartamo sedentario obteve maior percentual de gordura hepatica (P

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of roasted Cashew nuts consumption on biochemical and murinometric parameters in dyslipidemic rats receiving lipid supplementation. Young male rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (n = 10). The Control group (CONT) was treated with water, the Dyslipidemic group (DL) received a high fat content emulsion throughout the experiment, and the Dyslipidemic Cashew Nuts group (DLCN) received the same high fat content emulsion throughout the experiment, yet was treated with Cashew nuts. Body parameters, biochemical, hepatic and fecal fatty acid profiles were all evaluated. The levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in the DL and DLCN groups as compared to the control group. DLCN and CONT presented no difference in HDL levels. DLCN presented higher glycemia levels than the other groups. There was reduction of body fat in DLCN as compared to other groups, but with higher accumulations of liver fat. DLCN presented a reduction in saturated hepatic fatty acids of 20.8%, and an increase of 177% in relation to CONT; there was also a 21% in increase DL for ω9 fatty acids in comparison to CONT. As for fecal fatty acids, there was a lower concentration of polysaturates in DLCN as compared to the other groups. The data showed that the consumption of Cashew nuts by the dyslipidemic animals treated with a hyperlipidic diet induced greater accumulations of liver fat and worsened glycemic levels, despite having reduced visceral fats and increased fecal fat excretion.

Objetivou-se com a pesquisa, elaborar iogurte caprino prebiótico adiciona de geleia da polpa do fruto de mandacaru e do maracujá e, posteriormente, realizar análises físicas e físico-químicas. Foram processados 2 tratamentos de iogurtes caprinos adicionados de 15% de geleia de mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru) e maracujá (Passiflora edulis Sims.), a citar: IC (Iogurte Caprino Controle), adicionado da cultura starter Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophillus e IPREB (Iogurte Caprino Prebiótico), adicionado da fibra prebiótica oligofrutose (FOS), além da cultura starter. Os tratamentos foram submetidos a análises físicas e físico-químicas, o processamento dos iogurtes foi realizado em triplicata, os quais foram analisados nos tempos 1, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias de armazenamento refrigerado (4 ±1 °C). Diante dos dados analisados, os iogurtes apresentaram propriedades físicas e físico-químicas adequadas ao produto. Para alguns parâmetros, houve influência da cultura utilizada; da fibra e da geleia, com destaque para os parâmetros de Acidez, pH e Lactose. Os resultados deste estudo apresentaram uma incorporação bem sucedida (cultura, FOS e geleia), como ingredientes a serem inseridos num novo produto lácteo caprino.

A manga (Mangífera indica L.) é uma fruta tropical bastante apreciada por suas características sensoriais, no entanto, é um alimento extremamente perecível, e parte de sua produção é destinada à indústria processadora de produtos. Nesse processamento são produzidas toneladas de resíduos, os quais são ricos em diversos nutrientes, mas que em sua maioria, são descartados, tornando-se um contaminante ambiental. Uma forma de contornar esse problema é o aproveitamento integral desses componentes que podem ser adicionados em produtos já tradicionalmente consumidos, como o iogurte. Assim, objetivou-se elaborar diferentes formulações de iogurte adicionado de farinha do resíduo da manga, bem como avaliar as características sensoriais dos produtos elaborados. Inicialmente os resíduos da manga foram secos em estufa de circulação de ar a 60°C/ 24 horas e após foi elaborado a farinha. Posteriormente, foram elaboradas diferentes formulações de iogurte: IC (0% da farinha do resíduo da manga), IM5% (0,5% da farinha do resíduo da manga) e IM10% (1,0% da farinha do resíduo da manga). A análise sensorial foi realizada através de teste de aceitação utilizando a escala hedônica de 9 pontos e teste de intenção de compra. Perante os resultados, pode-se observar que o IC obteve aceitabilidade superior a 80% para todos os atributos avaliados, enquanto que a amostra IM5% evidenciou índice de aceitabilidade superior a 74% e o IM10% apresentou índice de aceitabilidade acima de 62% para os atributos apreciados. Neste contexto, constatou-se que, sensorialmente, o IM5% apresentou boa aceitação, se mostrando uma alternativa viável para agregar valor nutricional ao iogurte.

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is an oleaginous fruit source of fatty acids with high levels of neuroprotective phytocomplexes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of reflex and somatic maturation, fatty acid profiles in the brain, and memory in different stages of life in the offspring of dams supplemented with avocado pulp and oil during gestation and lactation. The dams were randomly divided into three groups (n = 15 pups/group), and recieved by gavage supplementation: control group (CG)–distilled water; Avocado Oil (AO)−3,000 mg avocado oil/kg animal weight, and Avocado Pulp (AP)−3,000 mg avocado pulp/kg animal weight. We performed the following tests: Analysis of Somatic Development and Ontogeny of Postnatal Reflex (T0 to T21), the Open Field Habituation Test and the Object Recognition Test (ORT) in the adolescent (T45) and adult (T90) phases. The cerebral fatty acids content was evaluated at times T0, T21, T45, and T90. The results were analyzed using the statistical program GraphPad Prism and significant statistics were considered when p < 0.05. Acceleration of reflex maturation and reflex ontogeny was observed in the offspring of AO and AP fed dams, with the results being more pronounced in the pulp fed group (p < 0.05). All groups presented a decrease in the ambulation parameter in the second exposure to the Open Field Habituation Test, at T45 and T90 (p < 0.05). In the ORT, the AO and AP offspring presented memory improvements in the short and long term in the adult and adolescent phases (p < 0.05). The results of the brain fatty acid profiles presented higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content in the AO and AP groups at T21, T45, and T90. The docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) content was higher at T21 (AO and AP), at T45 (AO and AP), and at T90 (AP) (p < 0.05). The arachidonic acid (ARA) content was higher at T45 (AO and AP), and at T90 (AO) (p < 0.05). Maternal supplementation with avocado oil and pulp anticipates reflex maturation and somatic postnatal development, and improves memory during the adolescent and adult phases.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of a diet with goat milk fat supplemented with physical training on markers of oxidative stress in the brain and anxiety behavior in rats. Adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10 per group): control sedentary (CON) and exercised (CON-EX) groups, goat milk fat sedentary (GM) and exercised (GM-EX) groups, goat milk fat enriched with CLA sedentary (GM-CLA) and exercised (GM-CLA-EX) groups. The exercised groups were submitted to treadmill running during four weeks. Anxiety parameters were evaluated with the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in the brain. Compared to the CON and GM groups, the GM-CLA group (p < 0.05), in which the animals were treated with goat milk fat with an increased CLA content, showed higher rearing. All exercised animals presented an increase in grooming when compared to sedentary animals. The number of entries in the open arms and time spent in the open arms was higher in sedentary groups (p < 0.05). MDA levels in the brain were lower in the GM group when compared to those in the CON group (p < 0.05). MDA increased in exercised animals (p < 0.05). GM and GM-CLA groups showed a significant elevation in the GSH levels in the brain. Goat milk fat, however, showed a potential effect on the reduction of oxidative stress, which was associated with a reduction in anxiety behavior. However, this beneficial effect was reversed when exercise was involved.

The oil extracted from Mauritia flexuosa (buriti) is rich in vitamin A, tocopherols and unsaturated fatty acids. This study evaluated the retinol status, blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, food efficiency rates (FERs), food conversion rates (FCRs) and murine anthropometric parameters of Wistar rats fed cookies made with buriti oil (BOC). The content of β-carotene and monounsaturated fatty acids in the cookies was enhanced (p0.05) using buriti oil. Rats fed BOC showed an increase (p0.05) in serum and hepatic retinol levels compared to rats fed cookies made with soy oil (SOC - control). Rats fed BOC showed lower (p0.05) total and LDL cholesterol than the control; however, no changes in blood glucose levels or murine anthropometric parameters were observed. Serum retinol contents showed a strong correlation (r0.8) with hepatic retinol, and both groups of rats showed moderate correlations (r0.60.5) with FERs, FCRs and weight gain. Taken together, these results indicated that buriti is an alternative to increase vitamin A in baked goods, particularly in cookies. Intake of BOC improves lipid profiles and retinol status without affecting blood glucose in young rats.

Buriti oil contains nutrients such as essential fatty acids and vitamins, which are directly involved with neonates' development. However, the refining process of this oil can change its nutrient profile. This study investigated the effects of maternal consumption of Buriti oil (crude or refined), on reflex and somatic development and retinol levels in neonatal rats. Thirty-six Wistar male neonate rats born from mothers who consumed diet with 7% lipids during gestation and lactation were used. Rats were randomized into three groups: rats receiving diet added of soybean oil (control-CG), crude Buriti oil (CB) and refined Buriti oil (RB). Offspring weight, tail length, reflex ontogeny and somatic maturation were assessed during lactation. At the end of the experiment, serum and liver retinol concentrations were measured. Animals from CB and RB groups showed delayed onset of palm grasp, righting reflex and cliff avoidance reflexes compared to the control group (CG). However, animals from RB group showed anticipation of auditory startle compared to those from BC group. Regarding somatic maturation indicators, animals from RB group showed delayed eye opening and eruption of superior and inferior incisors in relation to control and anticipation in the auditory conduit opening in relation to CB group. Rats from CB and RB groups showed higher serum and liver vitamin A contents. Buriti oil delays physical parameters and reflex maturation and increases serum and liver retinol deposition among neonatal rats.

In vitro studies have been carried out to establish the nutritional differences between crude and refined vegetable oils, however, the impact of the consumption of these foods on metabolism, in particular the effect of buriti oil, needs to be further evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical and murine parameters and the vitamin A and E status in young rats fed with diets supplemented with crude or refined buriti oil. The animals (n = 30) were randomized into three groups receiving diet added of soybean oil (control), crude buriti oil (CBO) and refined buriti oil (RBO) for 28 days. Rats fed with diet added of refined buriti oil (RBO) showed reduced total cholesterol (up to 60.27%), LDL (64.75%), triglycerides (55.47%) and enzyme aspartate transaminase (21.57%) compared to those fed with diet added of crude oil. Serum and hepatic retinol and tocopherol were higher by two to three times in CBO and RBO groups compared to the control group, but no differences were observed for murine parameters. The results indicate that buriti oil is an important source of the antioxidant vitamins A and E, and refined buriti oil is suggested as alternative to improve the lipid profile of healthy rats.

Essential fatty acids, being indispensable during the stages of pregnancy, lactation and infancy influence the transmission of nerve impulses and brain function, and cashew nuts are a good source of these fatty acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cashew nut consumption on reflex development, memory and profile of fatty acids of rat offspring treated during pregnancy and lactation. The animals were divided into three groups: Control (CONT), treated with 7% lipid derived from soybean oil; Normolipidic (NL) treated with 7% lipids derived from cashew nuts; and Hyperlipidic (HL) treated with 20% lipids derived from cashew nuts. Reflex ontogeny, Open-field habituation test and the Object Recognition Test (ORT) were assessed. The profile of fatty acids in the brain was carried out when the animals were zero, 21 and 60days old. Accelerated reflex maturation was observed in animals treated with cashew nuts (p

O pão é um produto amplamente consumido desde os tempos mais remotos, por isso diversos estudiosos buscam criar novas formulações que lhes confiram mais sabor e qualidade nutricional através do reaproveitamento integral dos alimentos. A graviola é rica em sais minerais, como cálcio, potássio, magnésio e vitaminas (A, B e C). Assim, objetivou-se elaborar pães de forma adicionados de diferentes concentrações da farinha do resíduo da graviola, bem como avaliar as características sensoriais dos produtos elaborados. Inicialmente as cascas da graviola foram secas em estufa de circulação de ar a 60° durante 24 horas e após foi obtida a farinha. Em seguida, foram elaboradas diferentes formulações de pães de forma: PFC (0% de farinha do resíduo da graviola), PF10% (10% de farinha do resíduo da graviola) e PF20% (20% da farinha do resíduo da graviola). A análise sensorial foi realizada através do teste afetivo com escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos e teste de intenção de compra. Diante dos resultados, inferiu-se que na análise sensorial, a amostra PFC obteve aceitabilidade superior a 80% para todos os atributos avaliados, enquanto que o pão PF10% apresentou índice de aceitabilidade superior a 73% e o pão PF20% alcançou índice de aceitabilidade acima de 66% para todos atributos apreciados. Diante disso, constatou-se que é possível substituir parcialmente a farinha de trigo por farinha do resíduo da graviola na produção de pães tipo forma, visto que o PF10% não teve a sua aceitabilidade afetada em razão a adição da farinha.

Goat milk is source of different lipids, including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). CLA reduces body fat and protect against cardiovascular diseases. In the present study fat from goat milk naturally enriched with CLA was used. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups that received during a 10 week diet with different lipid sources: soybean oil (CON), coconut oil (CO) and goat milk fat naturally enriched with CLA (GM-CLA). We evaluated the effects of a GM-CLA on biochemistry parameters--high density lipoprotein (HDL), triacylglycerol (TAG), TAG/HDL ratio, total cholesterol and glucose, body weight and histopathological aspects of the intestine and liver. GM-CLA increased body weight from the second to the fifth week of the experiment compared to CON. Feed intake differed between the CON group and GM-CLA early in the first to third week of the experiments and later between the ninth and tenth week. The CLA-diet group showed increased levels of HDL, reduced levels of TAG and TAG/HDL ratio and no effect on LDL, but enhanced total cholesterol. Serum glucose of the GM-CLA group showed no difference from the control group. Thus, a GM-CLA diet promoted growth in young rats and acted as protector of cardiovascular function, but further studies are still needed to clarify these effects.

RESUMO Nos últimos anos, tem-se observado um aumento no consumo de alimentos diet e light por adolescentes ou por aqueles que estão à procura de uma alimentação com baixo teor calórico, surgindo, assim, diversos edulcorantes, como o aspartame. Porém, seu consumo ainda gera polêmica, devido a muitos dados contraditórios e inconclusivos. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de aspartame sobre ingestão alimentar, parâmetros físicos, bioquímicos e histopatológicos em 18 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar, com cinco semanas de vida (ratos jovens), tratados durante 21 dias. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo controle (GC) - tratados com água destilada por gavagem, e o grupo aspartame (GA) - tratados diariamente com 2mL/100g/dia de aspartame. Todos os animais receberam ração comercial (Essence(r)) e água ad libitum. O controle da ingestão alimentar foi registrado semanalmente. Foram aferidos os parâmetros físicos por meio da análise do peso corporal, da circunferência toráxica, da circunferência abdominal, do comprimento vértice-cóccix, da gordura abdominal total e do cálculo do índice de massa corporal; os parâmetros bioquímicos foram analisados por meio da glicemia, da lipoproteína de alta densidade e dos triglicerídeos; além de tais análises, foi realizado o estudo histopatológico do fígado. Durante todo o experimento, os ratos tratados com aspartame apresentaram um aumento significativo no peso corpóreo e na ingestão alimentar quando comparados ao grupo controle. Não houve diferença nas demais análises tanto físicas, quanto bioquímicas e histopatológicas comparando-se o GA com o GC (P

During gestation and lactation, maternal lipid metabolism switches to a catabolic state. These changes seem to be mainly conducted by insulin resistance and an increase of circulating estrogens. On the other hand, risks of modifying maternal dietary fat intake during pregnancy and/or lactation are not yet completely established. To evaluate how the consumption of safflower oil during pregnancy and lactation may interfere with glucose and lipid metabolism, we used (n=10) primiparous female rats fed with two different diets according to the AIN-93G:(1)Control (CG) receiving a diet with 7% of soybean oil and (2)Safflower Group (SG) fed the 7% safflower oil diet. Diets were offered from the 14th day of gestation until the end of lactation. The weaning rats were anesthetized and then euthanized after 12 hours of fasting. Blood samples were collected and the levels of plasma glucose were measured using an ACCU-Chek® glucometer; total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol were evaluated by Labtest® enzy...

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of lipids from goat milk containing conjugated linoleic acids on body weight and reflex ontogeny of neonatal rats treated during the prenatal and suckling periods.MethodsThree groups were studied: soybean oil (S), coconut oil (C), and goat milk lipids (GM). Reflex maturation (palm grasp, righting reflex, cliff avoidance, vibrissae placing, negative geotaxis, auditory startle, and free-fall righting) as well as body weight evolution were recorded during lactation.ResultsData demonstrated that the lipids from goat milk accelerated body weight evolution as well as all the reflex maturation investigated (P < 0.05).DiscussionThe supply of goat's milk offered to Wistar rats during pregnancy and lactation provided a variety of fatty acids necessary to accelerate the development of offspring.