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Students designed posters for the sociology course Crime, Justice, and Rebellion and the design course Experimental Typography. The sociology class situated crime and criminal justice reform in relation to family, peers, community, and institutions. In the design course, students looked to historical examples of protest art and were challenged to communicate issues of social, cultural, and political relevance through poster design. Students considered the promise and limitations of sociology and design through reflections. Some posters engage with ideas from assigned readings while other posters represent original student research. Student poster designs advocate for social justice and criminal justice reform.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify the barriers and enablers that Health Care Workers (HCWs) in Papua New Guinea experienced in swabbing for COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional multi-methods study: a qualitative scoping exercise and a telephone survey. The target population was COVID-19-trained HCWs from all provinces of Papua New Guinea. A descriptive analysis of survey responses was conducted alongside a rapid qualitative analysis of interviews and open-ended survey questions. RESULTS: Four thematic areas were identified: human resources, logistics, HCW attitudes and community attitudes. The survey response rate was 70.3% (407/579). Commonly reported barriers to COVID-19 swabbing were insufficient staff trained (74.0%, n = 301), inadequate staffing in general (64.9%, n = 264), insufficient supply of personal protective equipment (60.9%, n = 248) and no cold chain to store swabs (57.5%, n = 234). Commonly reported enablers to swabbing were community awareness and risk communication (80.8%, n = 329), consistent and sufficient supplies of personal protective equipment (67.8%, n = 276), increased surge workforce (63.9%, n = 260) and having a fridge to store swabs (59.7%, n = 243). CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive community and HCW engagement strategy combined with innovations to improve the supply chain are needed to increase COVID-19 swabbing in Papua New Guinea to reach national testing targets. Investments in increasing numbers of frontline workforce, consistent supplies of PPE, swabs, transport medium, cold boxes and ability to make ice packs, in addtion to establishing regular tranport of specimens from the facility to the testing site will strengthen the supply chain. Innovations are needed to address these issues.

This article examines small scale green spaces developed on underutilised land in the inner city, looking at the ways in which familiar domestic outdoor design characteristics have been used for placemaking in what is essentially a commercial setting. Using case studies situated in Adelaide, South Australia, this research explores both the development and characteristics of small commercial or community inner city green spaces, how they have aided revitalisation through imaginative treatments of leftover spaces, and the integration of stories and nostalgia in place creation. One of the potential benefits of nurturing such small scale green interventions in our cities are the impacts on wellbeing, not only for those who are resident in the city, but also for those who work there, study in or visit the city. The focus of the article is an investigation of how three case studies – a café, a bar and a community garden – have brought a sense of home into the commercial centre of the city, specifically in terms of the placemaking and urban design moves that have been employed. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of drinking water quality verification monitoring as a means of improving preventive measures on drinking water quality management in r...

Refereed/Peer-reviewed At the turn of the twentieth century, town planning and public health ideals coalesced, with health and environmental reformers working in concert to promote goals of healthy and sanitary towns for all. Focussing on South Australia, this article demonstrates how pulmonary tuberculosis lay at the heart of many strategies suggested by doctors, sanitarians, architects, and advocates for the nascent town planning profession. Tuberculosis, as the biggest killer of that era, had no cure, so prevention and treatment relied on behavioural and environmental interventions. Light, air and space were central to treatment regimens, with the trio also forming the basis for the environmental planning qualities put forward by town planning reformers who hoped to create a preventative environment. Reformers believed they could achieve healthier living conditions and help conquer tuberculosis through the means of housing improvement, slum clearance, open space provision and street layout with all of these combining in garden city and suburb design. This article explores the work of health and town planning advocates in South Australia in order to uncover just how much the fight against tuberculosis influenced the beginnings of the crusade for town planning.

This paper explores some of the public health ideas which were expressed in South Australian architecture in the early twentieth century with a focus on their physical manifestation in residential building types. In particular, the incorporation of sleepouts and sunrooms and the elaboration of these spaces from enclosed verandah to purpose-designed room for exposure to fresh air and sunshine will be discussed. The exterior space of the sundeck or rooftop terrace will also be examined in relation to healthy open-air living. Utilising a historical interpretive method three case studies drawn from South Australia in the 1930s will be examined in detail. These buildings are the Yelland Residence, Hyde Park by Keith Yelland (1936); an apartment building complex, ‘Retten’, at Glenelg, (1938), by Harold T. Griggs; and the Hardy residence, at Netherby, (1938), by Russell S. Ellis. Primary archival material, including architectural drawings, specifications, and correspondence, has been drawn upon and contextualised using published contemporary sources on both health and architecture. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Pediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) require adequate anticoagulation to combat hemostatic activation. Heparin is used to bind and catalyze antithrombin III (ATIII) that works to inhibit clot formation. To dose heparin, a weight-based (WB) or patient-specific concentration-based (PSCB) method can be used. The WB protocol calculates the dose based on the patients’ weight and uses an activated clotting time (ACT) test to ensure anticoagulation. The ACT has limitations during CPB especially for pediatric patients who have immature hemostatic systems. The PSCB method predicts the patients’ response to heparin by projecting a heparin dose–response (HDR) curve. Some investigators have found benefit to using the PSCB method but further investigation into how well the HDR predicts the heparin response is needed. A literature review was conducted for studies that looked at heparin management strategies in pediatric CPB patients between 1992 and 2020. Articles that focused on pediatric physiology, heparin management strategies, and anticoagulation were included. Articles older than 1990 were excluded. The literature review highlights that utilizing the PSCB approach more adequately anticoagulated patients. The WB protocol was found to have several flaws due to its reliance on the ACT, especially in infants. The results show that further investigation is needed to understand why there is benefit to using the PSCB approach. Observing the association between the HDR curve and subsequent heparin concentrations could determine how accurately it predicts the patients’ response to heparin and why there is benefit to using this method.

IntroductionCOVID-19 vaccines are now being distributed to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with global urgency surrounding national vaccination plans. LMICs have significant experience implementing vaccination campaigns to respond to epidemic threats but are often hindered by chronic health system challenges. We sought to identify transferable lessons for COVID-19 vaccination from the rollout of three vaccines that targeted adult groups in Africa and South America: MenAfriVac (meningitis A); 17D (yellow fever) and rVSV-ZEBOV (Ebola virus disease).MethodsWe conducted a rapid literature review and 24 semi-structured interviews with technical experts who had direct implementation experience with the selected vaccines in Africa and South America. We identified barriers, enablers, and key lessons from the literature and from participants’ experiences. Interview data were analysed thematically according to seven implementation domains.ResultsParticipants highlighted multiple components of vaccination campaigns that are instrumental for achieving high coverage. Community engagement is an essential and effective tool, requiring dedicated time, funding and workforce. Involving local health workers is a key enabler, as is collaborating with community leaders to map social groups and tailor vaccination strategies to their needs. Vaccination team recruitment and training strategies need to be enhanced to support vaccination campaigns. Although recognised as challenging, integrating vaccination campaigns with other routine health services can be highly beneficial if well planned and coordinated across health programmes and with communities.ConclusionAs supplies of COVID-19 vaccines become available to LMICs, countries need to prepare to efficiently roll out the vaccine, encourage uptake among eligible groups and respond to potential community concerns. Lessons from the implementation of these three vaccines that targeted adults in LMICs can be used to inform best practice for COVID-19 and other epidemic vaccination campaigns.

This study describes 47 presentations of suspected leptospirosis in general practice in New Zealand. Our primary aim was to assess the laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis in these patients, by comparing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and culture results.Patients suspected of leptospirosis were recruited from general practices in the Waikato (n=17) and Wairoa (n=30) between August 2011 and June 2015. Blood and urine samples were tested for leptospirosis at two diagnostic laboratories and one research laboratory using PCR tests, MAT and culture.Forty-seven patients were recruited for this study: 37 during the acute phase of the illness (within 10 days of symptom onset) and 10 after the acute phase. Eleven of the acute phase patients (11/37, 30%) and two of the later phase patients (2/10, 20%) returned positive leptospirosis test results. The 11 acute phase leptospirosis positive patients had the following positive diagnostic tests: PCR and paired MAT (+/- blood culture) (n=3), PCR only (+/- blood culture) (n=4), paired MAT only (n=3) and blood culture only (n=1). Urine PCR (performed only on Wairoa patients) was the only positive test for two of these patients.About a quarter of farm workers and meat workers presenting to general practice with flu-like symptoms will have leptospirosis, but they will not be diagnosed unless appropriately tested, and then they may only test positive for some of the tests available. To increase the likelihood of making a diagnosis, clinicians should order multiple laboratory tests, including blood and urine PCR and a paired MAT.

This article explores the area of born-digital design records and visual literacy with an aim of demystifying these records and empowering archivists to appraise, describe, preserve, and provide access to them. It does so in a stepwise manner, guiding the archivist or researcher through the process of preparing, opening, viewing, exploring, and understanding these files. While at first the technical aspects of born-digital design records, such as computer-aided design (CAD) and building information modeling (BIM), can seem challenging, archivists should not be deterred. The article introduces crucial historical context and a methodology for unpacking the contents of born-digital design records, which together enable archivists to better see and decipher their significance and meaning. Also discussed are records creators, software preferences, processing workflows, and the visual interpretation of rendered images and the software interfaces. This then leads to a discussion around how to contextualize and understand the built form being communicated through drawings and models. The article also points to the array of teaching tools and interest groups that support archivists who wish to learn about the design community's practices, with the aim of lowering the barrier to engagement with these records. Visual literacy should be recognized as a vital skill, useful both in understanding these records and in decision-making around retention and preservation, so that stories of the places and people they reflect can be told.

Background: Poor clinical outcomes are noted in pts with TNBC who do not achieve a pathologic complete response (pCR). We characterized peripheral immune subsets and the role of minimal residual disease (MRD) detection via ctDNA in pts who participated in the OXEL study. Methods: OXEL (Opdivo® -XELoda ®) is a recently completed phase II open-label 3-arm randomized study of nivolumab (nivo), capecitabine (cape) or the combination as adjuvant therapy (tx) for pts with residual TNBC after appropriate neoadjuvant chemo. Residual disease was defined as ≥ 1.0 cm of primary tumor and/or nodal involvement. Eligible pts had completed definitive local tx. Pts were randomly assigned to nivo 360 mg iv q3wks x 6 (arm A); cape 1250mg/m2 po bid D1-D14 q3 wks x 6 (arm B); nivo 360mg iv q3wks + cape 1250mg/m2 po bid D1-D14 q3 wks x 6 (arm C). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and ctDNA were assessed at baseline (D1 of cycle 1), 6, and 12 wks and at time of recurrence, if applicable. PBMCs were stained with 30 markers and analyzed by flow cytometry to identify changes in 158 immune cell subsets at 6 wks, as a percent of total PBMCs. RaDaRTM, a deep sequencing based, tumor-informed personalized assay was utilized to detect the presence of ctDNA in plasma. Distant disease-free survival (DDFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-Rank test was used to compare DDFS and OS according to baseline MRD results. All pts will be followed for distant recurrence and survival for 3 yrs. Here we report the translational endpoints of the OXEL study. Clinical endpoints according to treatment received will be reported in a future analysis. Results: 45 pts were enrolled between 8/2018 and 6/2021. 29 (64%) were Caucasian and 14 (31%) were African American. Mean age at enrollment was 51 [+/- 12]. 93% of pts received a taxane-anthracycline containing neoadjuvant tx. 15 pts were randomized to each arm. DDFS probability at 1-yr and 2-yrs was 0.71 (+/- 0.07) and 0.66 (+/- 0.08) respectively. At 12 mos of median follow up, 13/45 pts (29%) experienced distant recurrence, none had local recurrence. 43 pts were evaluated for PBMC subsets. Changes in PBMC subsets at 6 wks were different amongst the arms; in arm A, reductions in NK subsets, including a 33% reduction in CD56dimCD16- cells, were observed, while in arm B, increases in naïve CD4+ T cells (+45%) and CD73+CD8+ T cells (+12%) and reductions in ki67+CD8+ T cells (-48%) were noted. In arm C, increases were observed in conventional dendritic cells (+36%), effector memory ki67+CD4+ T cells (+46%), and CD56dimCD16- NK cells (+29%). 33 pts underwent successful MRD analysis. 12/33 (36%) pts were MRD+ at baseline. 2/12 pts MRD+ at baseline subsequently cleared MRD, with undetectable ctDNA on future time points; neither patient has had recurrence to date. The remaining 10/12 MRD+ pts (83%) have experienced distance recurrence. 21/33 (64%) pts were ctDNA negative at baseline; 20/33 remained negative for all follow up timepoints. 10/11 pts experiencing distant recurrence were MRD+ at baseline, compared to 1/11 pt who became MRD+ at wk 6 post initiation of tx. At 12 mos of median follow-up, baseline MRD+ testing was significantly associated with an inferior DDFS ( p Citation Format: Filipa Lynce, Candace Mainor, Xue Geng, Greg Jones, Ilana Schlam, Hongkun Wang, Ute Feger, Renee Donahue, Nicole Toney, Caroline Jochems, Jeffrey Schlom, Christopher Gallagher, Rita Nanda, Deena Graham, Erica M Stringer-Reasor, Neelima Denduluri, Julie Collins, Asma A Dilawari, Ami Chitalia, Shruti Tiwari, Raquel Nunes, Rebecca Kaltman, Katia Khoury, Margaret Gatti-Mays, Sandra M Swain, Heather A. Parsons, Paula Pohlmann, Claudine Isaacs. Peripheral immune subsets and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients (pts) with residual triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) treated with adjuvant immunotherapy and/or chemotherapy (chemo): The OXEL study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD9-02.

The Architecture and Landscape of Health explores buildings and landscapes that were designed to treat or prevent disease in the era before pharmaceuticals and biomedicine emerged as first line treatments. Written from an architectural perspective, it examines the historical relationship between health and place through the emergence of dedicated therapeutic building types from the late eighteenth to the early twentieth century, a time when the environment was viewed as integral to the health of both the individual and the population.This book provides an overview of ideas surrounding health and place and their impact on architecture and designed landscapes. Different therapeutic buildings and places are examined, including public parks, asylums, sanatoria, leprosaria, quarantine stations, public baths and healthy homes. Each chapter outlines the medical context, common therapies, a history of buildings designed in response to these, and an examination of how such places were perceived to have functioned. Illustrated using geographically and temporally diverse examples, the book includes designs drawn from locations across the world including Europe, the Americas, Africa, Australia and Asia.The Architecture and Landscape of Health identifies and examines moments in the conversation between health and design, and is a timely look back on the resultant buildings and places, offering insights which could inform the design of therapeutic places of the future. An ideal read for researchers, academics and upper-level postgraduate students interested in architecture, and architectural history, particularly relating to healthcare design and medical history.

Ocean data are expensive to collect. Data reuse saves time and accelerates the pace of scientific discovery. For data to be re-usable the FAIR principles reassert the need for rich metadata and documentation that meet relevant community standards and provide information about provenance.Approaches on sensor observations, are often inadequate at meeting FAIR; prescriptive with a limited set of attributes, while providing little or no provision for really important metadata about sensor observations later in the data lifecycle.As part of the EU ENVRIplus project, our work aimed at capturing the delayed mode, data curation process taking place at the National Oceanography Centre’s British Oceanography Data Centre (BODC). Our solution uses Unique URIs, OGC SWE standards and controlled vocabularies, commencing from the submitted originators input and ending by the archived and published dataset. The BODC delayed mode process is an example of a physical system that is composed of several components like sensors and other computations processes such as an algorithm to compute salinity or absolute winds. All components are described in sensorML identified by unique URIs and associated with the relevant datastreams, which in turn are exposed on the web via ERDDAP using unique URIs.In this paper we intend to share our experience in using OGC standards and ERDDAP to model the above mentioned process and publish the associated datasets in a unified way. The benefits attained, allow greater automation of data transferring, easy access to large volumes of data from a chosen sensor, more precise capturing of data provenance, standardization, and pave the way towards greater FAIRness of the sensor data and metadata, focusing on the delayed mode processing.

This chapter seeks to improve cultural and linguistic competence by focusing on how organizations and systems can further equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) practices to ensure access to treatment and improve outcomes for diverse populations. The chapter begins with an introduction to the concepts and definitions of equity, diversity, inclusion and cultural competence, and then explains the importance of understanding racism and trauma. Strategies to address structural racism and historical trauma are provided, with the goal of educating service providers and program developers, using the concepts of cultural humility and sensitivity. The chapter also identifies examples of skills necessary to best serve youth and their families who have limited language proficiency, those who are deaf or hard of hearing, youth that identify as LGBT, and youth with a co-occurring developmental/intellectual and behavioral health disability. Program strategies and recommendations for these populations are provided. Finally, the chapter reviews what other child-serving systems (e.g., child welfare, juvenile justice) have done to address EDI, and how best practices can be adopted broadly when working with diverse youth and families who have unique needs.

This chapter and book begins with a family member story about the birth of the Building Bridges Initiative (BBI) at the original summit in 2006, and how the “parent and youth takeover” of the meeting changed the dynamic and created “a day of reckoning” that resulted in residential and community providers present committing to values and principles that subsequently became the BBI Joint Resolution. The chapter also provides background and context for the current work, including the recently passed Family First Prevention Services Act (FFPSA), and recommendations for how to use this volume to stimulate discussion, dialogue and innovation.

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of effective financing options for states, counties, and providers to implement the Building Bridges Initiative (BBI) framework and best practices needed to achieve sustained positive outcomes for youth and families receiving residential intervention. The authors conceptualize the residential transformation to come as “the new frontier” and provide readers with a detailed multi-page BBI Best Practice Fiscal Strategies Check List. The checklist is a compilation of the actions or strategies that leaders can use to create sustained positive change consistent with BBI. The Family First Prevention Services Act of 2018, which is a significant tool for child welfare programming, is reviewed in detail. Additional funding strategies for oversight agencies and provider agencies along with specific examples of strategy implementation are also discussed. Besides funding options for residential intervention, funding to promote alternatives to residential treatment and short-term placements is also considered. The authors predict the vastness of the new frontier will yield many more fiscal strategies that have yet to be conceived.

Papua New Guinea (PNG) faces a critical shortage of human resources to address pressing public health challenges arising from an increasing burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. PNG is an independent State in the Pacific and home to 8.2 million people. Resource and infrastructure constraints due to the country’s challenging geography have made it difficult and expensive to deliver health services and implement health programmes. The National Department of Health and its partners developed a field epidemiology training programme of Papua New Guinea (FETPNG) to strengthen the country’s public health workforce. The training programme covers field epidemiology competencies and includes the design, implementation and evaluation of evidence-based interventions by Fellows. From 2013 to 2018, FETPNG graduated 81 field epidemiologists. Most FETPNG graduates (84%) were from provincial or district health departments or organisations. Many of their intervention projects resulted in successful public health outcomes with tangible local impacts. Health challenges addressed included reducing the burden of multi-drug resistant-tuberculosis (TB), increasing immunisation coverage, screening and treating HIV/TB patients, and improving reproductive health outcomes. FETPNG Fellows and graduates have also evaluated disease surveillance systems and investigated disease outbreaks. Early and unwavering national ownership of FETPNG created a sustainable programme fitting the needs of this low-resource country. A focus on designing and implementing effective public health interventions not only provides useful skills to Fellows but also contributes to real-time, tangible and meaningful improvements in the health of the population. The graduates of FETPNG now provide a critical mass of public health practitioners across the country. Their skills in responding to outbreaks and public health emergencies, in collecting, analysing and interpreting data, and in designing, implementing and evaluating public health interventions continues to advance public health in PNG.