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2. Disaster preparedness for charge nurses: A program evaluation

Author

Rae Becker, Julie Moody, and Joan Sevy Majers

Subjects
Program evaluation, Civil defense, Charge nurses, MEDLINE, Disaster Planning, Disasters, Surveys and Questionnaires, 0502 economics and business, medicine, Humans, 050207 economics, Child, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, 050208 finance, Emergency management, business.industry, Task force, 05 social sciences, Civil Defense, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Disaster response, Nursing, Supervisory, Disaster preparedness, Emergency Medicine, Medical emergency, business, Psychology, Safety Research, Program Evaluation
Abstract

Over the last 3 years at a large, midwestern, pediatric hospital, there have been near disaster events, a few of which required transfer or evacuation of patients. The responses from the inpatient units to these events have varied greatly and can be traced back to communication, knowledge, comfort level, and effectiveness of the charge nurses on the nursing units. A task force was formed to understand the variation in their disaster response procedures and to standardize disaster response procedures. Respondents included the bedside, clinical leadership, managers of patient services, emergency preparedness management, and senior leadership. This resulted in the creation of a tabletop simulation exercise for use by inpatient charge nurses within the institution. The results indicated that participants reported higher levels of self-reported knowledge, confidence, and effectiveness regarding the disaster preparedness on their units (p < 0.001). The program was effective, with feedback from participants indicating the need for more frequent and/or department specific education.

Published
2021
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3. Comprehensive orientation and socialisation

Author

Shoba Sookraj-Bahal, Anne Levington, Colin Taylor, Julie Moody, and Lynn Quinlivan

Subjects
Orientation (mental), Process (engineering), Learning environment, Pedagogy, medicine, Identity (social science), Anxiety, Element (criminal law), medicine.symptom, Psychology, Sense of belonging, Clinical learning
Abstract

This chapter explores key to students’ ability to embrace learning opportunities is a sense of belonging and socialisation into the learning environment team. In order for orientation to occur effectively there has to be an element of socialisation. Socialisation in nursing is about developing a professional identity. Orientation and socialisation are far-reaching in their impact on how learners perceive that they are welcomed and supported in placement areas and provides an important foundation for their learning. Orientation and socialisation has a significant impact in helping students to decrease anxiety and improve their confidence and working relationship with staff. Socialisation is a long-term process which students experience throughout their academic and practice education as well as upon qualifying. For students to be socialised appropriately to a clinical learning environment area, several key elements need to be routinely considered, namely: a structured and meaningful orientation with a positive attitude and ward culture which embraces learners.

Published
2019
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4. A systematic review of electrical stimulation for pressure ulcer prevention and treatment in people with spinal cord injuries

Author

Sue E. Dyson, Liang Q. Liu, Julie Moody, Michael Traynor, and Angela Gall

Subjects
Pressure Ulcer, medicine.medical_specialty, Modalities, business.industry, Alternative medicine, Psychological intervention, Reviews, Electric Stimulation Therapy, medicine.disease, Spinal cord, law.invention, Cohort Studies, medicine.anatomical_structure, Randomized controlled trial, law, Physical therapy, Humans, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business, Prospective cohort study, Spinal cord injury, Spinal Cord Injuries, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Cohort study
Abstract

Electrical stimulation (ES) can confer benefit to pressure ulcer (PU) prevention and treatment in spinal cord injuries (SCIs). However, clinical guidelines regarding the use of ES for PU management in SCI remain limited.To critically appraise and synthesize the research evidence on ES for PU prevention and treatment in SCI.Review was limited to peer-reviewed studies published in English from 1970 to July 2013. Studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, prospective cohort studies, case series, case control, and case report studies. Target population included adults with SCI. Interventions of any type of ES were accepted. Any outcome measuring effectiveness of PU prevention and treatment was included. Methodological quality was evaluated using established instruments.Twenty-seven studies were included, 9 of 27 studies were RCTs. Six RCTs were therapeutic trials. ES enhanced PU healing in all 11 therapeutic studies. Two types of ES modalities were identified in therapeutic studies (surface electrodes, anal probe), four types of modalities in preventive studies (surface electrodes, ES shorts, sacral anterior nerve root implant, neuromuscular ES implant).The methodological quality of the studies was poor, in particular for prevention studies. A significant effect of ES on enhancement of PU healing is shown in limited Grade I evidence. The great variability in ES parameters, stimulating locations, and outcome measure leads to an inability to advocate any one standard approach for PU therapy or prevention. Future research is suggested to improve the design of ES devices, standardize ES parameters, and conduct more rigorous trials.

Published
2014
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5. A Quantitative, Pooled Analysis and Systematic Review of Controlled Trials on the Impact of Electrical Stimulation Settings and Placement on Pressure Ulcer Healing Rates in Persons With Spinal Cord Injuries

Author

Liang, Liu, Julie, Moody, and Angela, Gall

Subjects
Pressure Ulcer, Wound Healing, Humans, Sedentary Behavior, Electric Stimulation, Spinal Cord Injuries
Abstract

Pressure ulcers (PrUs) are among the most common secondary complications following spinal cord injury (SCI). External electrical current applied to a wound is believed to mimic the body's natural bioelectricity and to restart and stimulate endogenous electrical fields to promote wound healing. A systematic review was conducted to critically appraise and synthesize updated evidence on the impact of electrical stimulation (ES) versus standard wound care (comprising cleansing, dressing, nutrition, and debridement as necessary) and/or sham stimulation on PrU healing rates in persons with SCIs. Medline, Embase, the Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central were searched using the terms spinal cord injury, electrical stimulation, and pressure ulcer in free text and MESH terms. Publications were limited to peer-reviewed, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs (CCTs) published in English from 1985 to 2014. The methodological quality of the RCTs was evaluated using the Jadad scale; CCTs were assessed using the Downs and Black tool. Pooled analyses were performed to calculate the mean difference (MD) for continuous data, odds ratio (OR) for dichotomous data, and 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 8 trials were reviewed - 6 RCTs and 2 CCTs included a total of 517 SCI participants who had at least 1 PrU. The number of patients per study ranged from 7 to 150 and the number of wounds from 7 to 192. Comparison models included ES irrespective of current type and placement of electrodes against sham/no ES (7 trials), ES delivered by electrodes overlaid on the ulcer versus sham/no ES (4 trials), ES delivered by electrodes placed on intact skin around the ulcer versus sham/no ES (4 trials), ES delivered by electrodes overlaid on the wound bed versus placed on intact skin around the ulcer (1 trial), ES with pulsed current versus sham/no ES (6 trials), ES with constant current versus sham/no ES (2 trials), pulsed current ES versus constant current ES (1 trial), number of PrUs closed (2 trials), and incidence of PrU worsened by ES versus sham/no ES (2 trials). The overall quality of studies was moderate; 2 trials were rated as good quality, 2 were poor quality, and 4 were moderate. Evidence showed ES increased the rate of PrU healing in patients with SCI (MD 4.97, 95% CI 1.97-7.98, P = 0.00; N = 7 studies and 559 ulcers), and a higher proportion of ulcers healed (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.17-6.14, P = 0.02; N = 2 studies and 226 ulcers). The data suggest pulsed current ES increased the healing rate (MD 6.27, 95% CI 2.77-9.78, P = 0.0005; N = 6 studies and 509 ulcers) more than constant current (MD 4.50, 95% CI 1.19-10.18, P = 0.12; N = 2 studies and 200 ulcers). In addition, wounds with electrodes overlaying the wound bed seemed to heal ulcer faster than wounds with electrodes placed on intact skin around the ulcer. Future preclinical, in vivo models and clinical trials examining the impact of electrodes configuration for PrU healing are warranted.

Published
2016

6. The National Lung Screening Trial: Overview and Study Design

Author

Natalie Cunningham, Michael Khalili, John Waltz, Ralph Weiben, Deb Gurtner, Linda DeAlmeida, Sanjay Gupta, Sharon Maxfield, Crissy Kibic, Kathleen DeWitt, David DeMets, Walter Allen Bowman, Robert Epstein, Mia Burkhard, Stephen J. Swensen, Hattie Cromwell, Kianoush Rezai, Steadman Sankey, Lisa Scott Wasson, Rita Musanti, Tamim Malbari, Joy Ferola, Qimei He, Patty Trapnell, Melba Francis, Sam Quattlebaum, Joanice Thompson, Ana Birofka, Robin Griggs, Elizabeth Johnson, Margaret R. Spitz, Nicole Richardson, Yuting Liang, Lawrence G. Hutchins, Mirjana Tecmire, Lila Camara, James J. Navin, Eileen Frost, Diane Romano, Carrie Petkus, Eric J. Berns, Pei Jan P Lin, Steve D. Uttecht, Marian Acerra, Lawrence R. Ragard, Leo P. Lawler, Christopher M. Rogers, Alan Lee Goodwin, L. Ellen Martinusen, Melissa Ford, Michael T. Fisher, Beverly Powell, Cindy Lin, Jamie Downs, Brent Fodera, Bonita Wohlers, Michael Brangan, Peggy Bradley, Todd B. Burt, Susan Allen, Shiva Borgheian, Mingying Zeng, Thomas Riley, Danielle Gherardini, Steven Shiff, Olivia Campa, Wahied Gendi, Fang F. Xu, Ivana K. Kazda, Anne Chung, Briar Doi, Helen Price, Maria Vlachou, Alan Morgan, Simone Vuong, Pierre P. Massion, Darcy Watson, Debbie William, Esther Nakano, Karen Broski, David Creed, Melanie Bvorak, Lakisha Hawkins, Gladys Hino, Raymond Dauphinais, Michele Sallas, Helene Shiratori, Venus Brown, Denise Brooks, Heather Porter, Ilana F. Gareen, Tracy Lee, Melissa Cates, Kyle Turner, Tiffanie Hammond, Margaret Paquette, Lorraine Kerchum, Barbara Lewis, Douglas J. Reding, Thomas E. Hartman, Cathy Longden, Melissa Laron, Reza Abaya, Beborah Robertson, J W Semenkovich, Christine Holland, Hugh McGinley, Chani Montalbo, Karen Zubena, Vanessa Ralda, Adam C. Stein, Jennifer Ott, Lawrence M. Kotner, Jing Lee, Arnold Ssali, Michael Young, Quinn A. DeMordaunt, Linda V. White, Steve Dubinett, Pearl Chan, Roxana Phillips, Mallory Kolich, Brent B. Nelson, Phi Do, Jill Spivak, Angele LaFleur, Kesha Smith, Elayne Weslowsky, Patricia Nieters, Maurice LeBlanc, Satinder Singh, Lonna Matthews, Quentin McMullen, Karen Lappe, Sharon Longacre, Cindy Cobb, Jane A. Zehner, Michael Teepe, Pamela M. Marcus, Kathleen Bow, Wendy Francis, Mary Gemmel, Robert S. Fontana, Linda Jurjans, Barbara Ginther, Jonathan B. Clapp, Monica Richel, Scott F. Pickering, Brenda Edwards, Kendrick Looney, Randy Marshall, Roni Atkins, Danielle Wicks, Julie Peterson, Dcanna Cape, Albert J. Cook, Jerry Brekke, Louisa Turner, Larry Stoller, Mark B. Salerno, Bavid E. Midthun, Mark Delano, Minnetta Belyea, Deborah Greene, Jonathan Goldin, Terry Lewis, Virginia Fischer, Andrea Chapman, Shari Jordan, Deb Warren, Demetria Johnson, Rekha Khatri, Lisa Sirianni, Guillermo Geisse, Michael A. Fuchs, Kanya Kumbalasiri, Jeremy J. Erasmus, Vicki Shambaugh, Denise Boyles, Sarah Hallsky, Anna Nanovski, Jill Heinz, Mollie King, Kay Vydareny, Olga Soukhanova, Patricia Rueweler, Perry G. Pernicano, Regina Rendas-Baum, Phyllis Pirotte, Russell Harris, Neil Argyle, Miyoung Kim, June Krebsbach, Audrey Gallego, Sheila Wein, Mukesh F. Karwat, Karla Myra-Bloom, Pamela Byrnes, Mitchell D. Schnall, Hector Ahumada, Eric Sanchez, Donna DesMarais, Julie Maderitz, Cindy Lavergne, Lori Kirchoff, Patricia C. Sanders, Elizabeth Thielke, Michael Sullivan, Jennifer Gaegler, Janet Manual, Jennifer R. Heinz, Ray Zisumbo, Diane C. Strollo, Candace Mueller, Irene Mahon, Brenda Delfosse, Carolyn M. Johnson, William E. Grizzle, Merideth Stanley, Sylvan Green, Pamela Harvey, Lindsay Richardson, Brenda K. Brewer, Philip Costello, Deanna Zapolski, John Worrell, Jeffrey G. Schragin, David S. Alberts, Edward L. Korn, Tamara Owens, Hank Brastater, Kay Mathiesen-Viergutz, Mark Broschinsky, Paul W. Spirn, Grace Isaacs, John S. Waltz, Mitch Goodsitt, Christi Newton-Foster, Sharlene Snowden, Barbara Voight, Gail Bizer, Kathy McDonough, William Huynh, Eduard Van Stam, Robert A. Carlson, Mike Florzyk, Paula M. Jacobs, Joan Fuller, Mauren Grunenwald, Ann Bangerter, Jacksonville, Adriane Andersen, Tess Thompson, Kenneth Nowers, Stephanie Helwi, Martin J. Edelman, Emmanuel Omoba, Rubenia Flores, Kevin T. White, Patrick W. Wolfe, Michael Milacek, Sharon Gard, Brandon B. Bigby, Cynthia H. McCollough, Andrew Burnside, Sheryl L. Ogden, Maisha Pollard, Thomas K. Pilgram, Sydney Laster, Claudia J. Kasales, Bruce W. Turnbull, Cheri Haselhuhn, Laura N. Myers, Jean Jacobsen, Melissa Love, Gavin D. Watt, Cheryl Love, Gerald F. Abbott, Susanne Kozakowski, Jerry L. Montague, Cynthia Hill, Neil F. O'Donnell, Anna Sear, Thomas M. Beck, Jean Wegner, Chrispina Wray, Edward M. Brown, Louise Ledbetter, Karen Bellware, Julie Moody, Noel Bahr, Matthew T. Freedman, Thomas Hensley, John E. Madewell, Leanne Hadfield, David R. Maffitt, Lisa Cottrell, John J. Warner, Deborah Graham, Krystal Arnold, Alejandra Reyes, Kristin Lieberman, Derek Omori, Donna Garland, Mike Burek, Mel Johnson, Judith Harkins, Martha Fronheiser, M. Y. M. Chen, Dawn Simmons, Kathleen Voight, Aaron O. Bungum, Marianne Rice, Lakeshia Murray, Tami Krpata, Donna Sammons, Leslie Kmetty, Catherine Duda, Carissa Krzeczkowski, Anne Nguyen, Richard H. Lane, Cynthia Mack, Loren C. Macey, Eddy Wicklander, Kelly McDaniel, Sue Zahradka, Hassan Bourija, Cristina Farkas, Jincy George, Renae Kiffmeyer, Wendell Christie, Catherine Engartner, John Crump, Mimi Kim, Carol Steinberg, Reginald F. Munden, Deb Kirby, Jo Ann Stetz, Barbara O'Brien, Sally Tenorio, Laura Multerer, Carlotta McCalister-Cross, Jessica Silva-Gietzen, Tamara Saunders, Harvey Glazer, Cam Vashel, Maria Oh, Rodkise Estell, Steven M. Moore, Tara Riley, Grant Izmirlian, D. Claire Anderson, James Burner, Steven Peace, Phil Hoffman, Angela Del Pino, Brian Irons, Carlos Jamis-Dow, John K. Lawlor, Edward F. Patz, Jay Afiat, Amber Barrow, Bawn M. Beno, Melissa S. Fritz, Lynn Coppage, Scott J. Sheltra, Tim Swan, Jerry Bergen, Charlie Fenton, Eric Deaton, Marilyn J. Siegel, Korinna Vigeant, Kerry Engber, Sarah Merrill, Buddy Williams, Kimberly Stryker, Bradley S. Snyder, Christina Romo, Andrea Hugill, Michael J. O'Shea, Linda White, Gail Fellows, Yasmeen Hafeez, Joe Woodside, Shauna Dave Scholl, Philip C. Prorok, Sharon Carmen, Kelly Hatton, Steven V. Marx, Sooah Kim, Robert Kobistek, Dawn Thomas, Lea Momongan, Chris Steward, Kari Bohman, Holly Bradford, Bradley S. Sabloff, Phillip Peterson, William C. Black, Lisa Pineda, James G. Ravenel, Karen Taylor, Beverly Trombley, Mona N. Fouad, Amber McDonald, Lauren J. Ramsay, Lisa Harmon, Jeffrey Geiger, David L. Spizarny, Jeffrey S. Klein, Xizeng Wu, Heather Tumberlinson, Joy Espiritu, Gina Varner, Dawn Fuehrer, Eric A. Hoffman, Sheila Moesinger, Nina Wadhwa, Steve King, Patricia Lavernick, Paola Spicker, Timothy R. Church, Cheryl Whistle, Sheila Greenup, Patricia Fantuz, Stephanie Levi, Peter Balkin, Mary E. Johnson, Johanna Ziegler, Susan Hoffman, Kathy L. Clingan, Craig Kuhlka, Maria Marchese, Lawrence F Cohen, Cylen Javidan-Nejad, Wilbur A. Franklin, Kevin J. Leonard, Tim A. Parritt, Jade Quijano, Kathleen Poler, Jennifer Rosenbaum, Xiuli Zhang, Christine Brown, Terri David-Schlegel, Susan M. Peterson, James R. Jett, Kenneth W. Clark, Edward P. Gelmann, Arthur Migo, Patricia Fox, Lori Hamm, Janie McMahon, Darlene Guillette, Robert C. Young, Patty Beckmann, Jerome Jones, Nikki Jablonsky, Roberta Yoffie, Heather L. Bradley, Darlene Higgins, Francine L. Jacobson, Christine B. Berg, Mark Bramwitt, Constantine N. Petrochko, Karen Stokes, Jennifer Rowe, Kathy McKeeta-Frobeck, Brenda Sleasman, Courtney Bell, Dave Tripp, Saundra S. Buys, Susan Walsh, Jo Rean D. Sicks, Richard G. Barr, Kirk Midkiff, Tom Caldwell, Elisabeth A. Grady, Subbarao Inampudi, Marilyn Calulot, Paul A. Kvale, Alice DuChateau, Kathy Berreth, Ruth Holdener, Katie Kuenhold, Thomas E. Warfel, David P. Naidich, Mandie Leming, Fraser Wilton, Leanne Franceshelli, Kathleen McMurtrie, Elaine Bowman, Donald F. Bittner, Helen Kaemmerer, Merri Mullennix, Adelheid Lowery, Andrew Karellas, Jenny Hirschy, Kate Naughton, Ashley B. Long, Kristin M. Gerndt, Kathleen Young, Richard M. Schwartzstein, Wendy Smith, Joseph Aisner, Shane Ball, Kathleen Krach, Cathy Mueller, Virginia May, Christopher Blue, Marsha Lawrence, Ronald S. Kuzo, Colleen McGuire, Alisha Moore, Sara Cantrell, Christie Leary, Pamela Allen, Maryann Trotta, Clifford Caughman, Peggy J. Gocala, Brian Mullen, Janan Alkilidar, Maryann Duggan, Lin Mueller, Alesis Nieves, Fenghai Duan, Frederick Olson, Edwin G. Williams, Jo Ann Hall Sky, Grant Izmirilian, Peggy Joyce, Judy Preston, Cristine Juul, Julianne Falcone, Bruce Neilson, Fla Lisa Beagle, Beth Evans, Jamie Mood, Janet Bishop, Jean Tsukamoto, Vivien Gardner, Gillian Devereux, Minesh Patel, Sally Fraki, Celia Stolin, Ami Lyn Taplin, Stephenie Johnson, Saeed Matinkhah, Jenna Bradford, Sanjeev Bhalla, Charles Jackson, Julie Haglage, Darlene R. Fleming, Allie M. Bell, Paul A. Bunn, Gail Orvis, Andrew J. Bierhals, Julie Ngo, Belores K. Prudoehl, Elaine N. Daniel, Peggy Olson, Paul F. Pinsky, Glenna M. Fehrmann, Aras Acemgil, Andrea Hamilton-Foss, Leeta Grayson, Smita Patel, Scott Emerson, Carl J. Zylak, James R. Maxwell, Jennifer Fleischer, Suzanne Smith, Jacqueline R. Sheeran, Alan Williams, Scott Gaerte, John Fletcher, Sonya Clark, Nancy Gankiewicz, Stuart S. Sagel, Jason Spaulding, Nancy E. Hanson, Nicole Fields, Richard D. Nawfel, Dinakar Gopalakrishnan, Margaret Oechsli, Susan Wenmoth, Isabelle Forter, Elizabeth Morrell, Jessica Rider, Letitia Clark, Michael Woo, Cynthia A. Brown, Camille Mueller, Mark T. Dransfield, Lois M. Roberts, Anne Randall, Eduard J. Gamito, Carrie O'Brien, Carolyn Palazzolo, Julie Schach, Robert Falk, Melissa Hudson, Jennifer Garcia Livingston, Cynthia L. Andrist, Tammy Fox, Elliott Drake, Tanya Zeiger, Renee Metz, Kevin Thomas, Neha Kumar, Elizabeth Couch, Beborah Bay, Mei Hsiu Chen, Jason Bronfman, Philip Dennis, Deb Engelhard, Pamela McBride, Daniel Kimball, Amy Haas, Pamela M. Mazuerk, Marlea Osterhout, Venetia Cooke, Tina Taylor, Amy St.Claire, Joe Hughes, Becky McElsain, Beverly Brittain, Michele Adkinson, Paige Beck, Martha Maineiro, Paula R. Beerman, Jackie Seivert, Mary M. Pollock, Donald Corle, Tina Herron, Marcella Petruzzi, Natalie F. Scully, Kenneth A. Coleman, Jennifer Yang, Debra Loria, Wendy Moss, Alan Brisendine, Cheryl M. Lewis, Dalphany Blalock, Lonni Schultz, Douglas Bashford, Nora Szabo, David Shea, Amanda Devore, Karen Schleip, Judy Netzer, Barry Clot, Gerald M. Mulligan, Nancy E. Krieger Black, David Schultz, Jim Pool, Craig E. Leymaster, Kathryn Rabanal, Kay Bohn, Tara Berg, Marisol Furlong, Stacey Mitchell, Donna Biracree, Laura Jones, Cassie Olson, Robin Stewart, Jeremy Pierce, Marilyn Bruger, Valene Kennedy, Stephanie Davis, Colin O'Donnell, Glenn A. Tung, Shannon Wright, William Lake, Sharon Jones, Vincent Girardi, Brad Benjamin, Veenu Harjani, Drew A. Torigian, Kevin Edelman, Sue Frederickson, Paul E. Smart, Michelle Wann Haynes, D S Gierada, Glenn Fletcher, Rosalie Ronan, Patricia Ann Street, Eleace Eldridge-Smith, Lynly Wilcox, Cindy Lewis-Burke, La Tonja Davis, Rachel Black Thomas, Dawn Shone, Evangeline Griesemer, Tim Budd, Lindsey Dymond, Marlene Semansky, Amy Rueth, Constantine Gatsonis, Kay H. Vydareny, Usha Singh, Amy Lita Evangelista, Angelica C. Barrett, Bethany Pitino, Shirley Wachholz, Angela M. Williams, Sandra Fiarman, Karen Luttrop, David Chellini, Michael Bradley, Helen Fink, Aaron Zirbes, Roger Inatomi, Joon K. Lee, Heather Bishop Blake, Lisa Woodard, Craig Hritz, Sarah Neff, Aine Marie Kelly, Deborah Harbison, Baigalmaa Yondonsambuu, Amy Lloyd, Christine Gjertson, Erin Cunningham, Angelee Mean, June Morfit, Ping Hu, William Thomas, Jazman Brooke, Paul Marcus, Jeremy Gorelick, Erin Lange, William Stanford, Denise R. Aberle, Lena Glick, Annabelle Lee, Ian Malcomb, Deanna L. Miller, Mary Mesnard, Jacqueline Jackson, Jhenny Hernandez, Desiree E. Morgan, Howard I. Jolies, Jacquie Marietta, Teresa Lanning, Debra Rempinski, Amanda C. Davis, Karen Mathews Batton, Mahadevappa Mahesh, Erik Wilson, Deana Nelson, Sharan L. Campleman, William Manor, Julie Sears, Howard Mann, E. David Crawford, Carl Krinopol, Greg Gambill, Margo Cousins, Rex C. Yung, Sangeeta Tekchandani, Thomas Vahey, Ann D. McGinnis, Kimberly Nolan, Kaylene Crawford, Kelli P. Rockwell, Dana Roeshe, Fred W. Prior, Kari Ranae Kramer, Heidi Nordstrom, Frank Stahan, Shawn Sams, Cherie Baiton, Joy Tani, Thomas J. Watson, Angela Cosas, Diane Kowalik, Pritha Dalal, Ann Jolly, Jeanine Wade, Laura Bailey, Julie Varner, Glen K. Nyborg, Christopher Toyn, David Gemmel, Susanna N. Dyer, Laurie Amendolare, Mary Ellen Frebes, Judy Ho, Adele Perryman, John Keller, D. Sullivan, George Mahoney, Scott Cupp, Linda L. Welch, Peter Greenwald, Robert Sole, Marcello Grigolo, Caroline Chiles, Patricia Sheridan, Deborah M. Chewar, Vijayasri Narayanaswami, Susan Blackwell, Suzanne B. Lenz, Alphonso Dial, Melvin Tockman, Carolyn Hill, John Stubblefield, Catherine E. Smith, Judith Lobaugh, Rosa M. Medina, Jackie Meier, Nandita Bhattacharjee, Robert Tokarz, Lisa Clement, Nancy Caird, Cindy Masiejczyk, Patricia Shwarts, Laura Springhetti, Sandra Schornak-Curtis, Edwin F. Donnelly, Patricia Tesch, Laurie Rathmell, Pamela K. Woodard, Edward A. Sausville, David R. Pickens, Kylee Hansen, Paulette Williams, Barbara Ferris, Rachel L. McCall, Nicole M. Carmichael, Dawn Whistler, Ramachandra Chanapatna, Glynis Marsh, Mary Wiseman, Tony DeAngelis, L. Heather, Vicki Prayer, Robin Laura, Priscilla Bland, Gregory W. Gladish, Amy Garrett, Kelly McNulty, Daniel J. Pluta, Mylene T. Truong, Serelda Young, Crista Cimis, Gordon Jacob Sen, Rhonda Rosario, Anthony B. Miller, Edward Hunt, Juanita Helms, Jill K. Bronson, Jeff Yates, Ginette D. Turgeon, Bo Lu, Nancy Fredericks, Pam Senn, Ryan Pena, Hakan Sahin, Mary Lynn Steele, Jill E. Cordes, Noel Maddy, R. Adam DeBaugh, Hope Hooks, Zipporah Lewis, Robert L. Berger, Shani Harris, Natalie Gray, Jennifer Kasecamp, Elizabeth King, Jacinta Mattingly, Hrudaya Nath, Kathy Torrence, Christine Cole Johnson, Sara Mc Clellan, Kalin Albertsen, Kim Sprenger, Ryan Norton, Jody Wietharn Kristopher, Linda Warren, Byung Choi, Casey O'Quinn, Mark K. Haron, Chris J. Jennings, Karen Robinson, Joan Molton, Dorothy Hastings, Robert I. Garver, Christopher J. Cangelosi, Jeannette Lynch, Peter Ohan, Angela Campbell, Dawn Mead, Miriam Galbraith, Divine Hartwell, Natalya Portnov, Gene L. Colice, Andetta R. Hunsaker, Analisa Somoza, Todd Risa, Daniel C. Sullivan, Karthikeyan Meganathan, Tammy DeCoste, Peter Zamora, Richard M. Fagerstrom, Iiana Gareen, Phyllis J. Walters, Barbara L. Carter, Alem Mulugeta, Rob Bowman, Kavita Garg, Andrea Franco, Mary Adams Zafar Awan, Edward Reed Smith, Rachel Phillips, Michelle Aganon-Acheta, Fred R. Hirsch, Peter Jenkins, Pamela Taybus, Joy Knowles, Karen M. Horton, Cheryl Spoutz-Ryan, Sarah Landes, William G. Hocking, Laura B. Schroeder, Erini Makariou, Jered Sieren, Kaylene Evans, Erin Nekervis, Brenda Polding, Tonda Robinson, Joel L. Weissfeld, Terry J. Sackett, Michael F. McNitt-Gray, Leslie Dobson, Raymond Weatherby, Randell Kruger, Revathy B. Iyer, Mary Krisk, Anthony Levering, Susan Collins, Alison Schmidt, William M. Hanson, Patricia Schuler, Karen Glanz, Morgan Ford, Beatrice Trotman-Bickenson, Richard Guzman, Paul Koppel, Judith K. Amorosa, Meredith Slear, Dayna Love, Carol Vaughn, Kellyn Adams, Celeste Monje, Garry Morrison, Sherri Mesquita, Paul Cronin, Tony Blake, Constance Elbon-Copp, Robert A. Clark, Felix Mestas, Erich Allman, Armen Markarian, Cheryl Souza, Karen O’Toole, Elliot K. Fishman, Karen Augustine, Jane Hill, Bonnie Kwit, Ralph Drosten, Susan Foley, Stacy E. Smith, Angie Bailey, Jennifer Bishop Kaufmann, Shelly Meese, Phillip M. Boiselle, Howard Morrow, Thomas D. Hinke, Barry Edelstein, Erin Schuler, William C. Bailey, Donna Letizia, David S. Gierada, Frederick J. Larke, Robin Haverman, Sarah Baum, Sally Hurst, Richard L. Morin, Ben Dickstein, William Russell, J. Anthony Seibert, Sophia Sabina, Mary Alyce Riley, Michael A. Taylor, Katherine BeAngelis, Robert A. Hawkins, Fernando R. Gutierrez, Amie Welch, Heather Lancor, George Armah, James Blaine, Eric Henricks, Joel Dunnington, Carole Walker, Laura Motley, Melody Kolich, Bruce J. Hillman, David W. Sturges, Mindy Lofthouse, Amy Warren, Michael Black, Mark Kolich, Lisa A. Holloway, Shannon M. Pretzel, Susan Shannon, Yassminda Harts, Dallas Sorrel, Lance A. Yokochi, Diana Wisler, Arthur Sandy, Roberta Clune, Shirley Terrian, Shalonda Manning, Bradley Willcox, Thomas J. Payne, James L. Tatum, Dale Brawner, Sandy Morales, Rodolfo C. Morice, Amy Vieth, Emily Jewitt, Chelsea O'Carroll, Theresa C. McLoud, John E. Langenfeld, Chris H. Cagnon, Lisa B. Hinshaw, Gena Kucera, Helena R. Richter, Drew Torigian, June McSwain, Courtney Eysmans, Vinis Salazar, David Spizarny, Mary Kelly-Truran, Mark Whitty, Henry Albano, Connie L. Sathre, William R. Geiser, Barnett S. Kramer, Marianna Gustitis, Gordon C. Jones, Neil E. Caporaso, Timothy Welsh, Roger Tischner, Ana Maria Mendez, Dominick A. Antico, Cathy L. Bornhorst, Carla Chadwell, Stephanie Pawlak, Kelli M. West, Joe V. Selby, Randall Kruger, Jodi Hildestad, Elaine Freesmeier, Nicole Rivas, Andrew Goodman, Naima Vera-Gonzalez, Stuart Lutzker, Eric M. Hart, Melanie Yeh, Shane Sorrell, Deb Multerer, Sharon Jacoby, Debbie Gembala, Elizabeth Fleming, Myrle Johnson, Michael J. Flynn, Frank Tabrah, Martin L. Schwartz, Deanna Mandley, Brad Siga, Guillermo Marquez, Jeffrey Koford, Victoria Jenkins, Janice Pitts, Constantine A. Gatsonis, Natalie Baptiste, Edith M. Marom, Gina Sammons, Anne Burrough, Martha Ramirez, Jack Cahill, Carl Jaffe, Linda Heinrichs, Aura Cole, Paul Rust, Alon Coppens, Gregg Hamm, Lisa Conklin, Kathleen A. Robbins, Carleaner Williams, Gwen Chalom, Winston Sterling, Colleen Hudak, Lea Matous, Ella A. Kazerooni, Denise Kriescher, David A. Lynch, Liz Bolan, Jacob Wolf, Jonathan G. Goldin, Roberta Quinn, L. A. Schneider, Kathleen A. Murray, Erica Sturgeon, Jennifer Avrin, Michelle T. Biringer, Mark Hinson, Cynthia Reiners, Brian Chin, Amy Brunst, Ann M. Lambrecht, Katherine Lohmann, Jennifer Bacon, Ulander Giles, Diane Shepherd, William T. Corey, Timothy Cosgrove, Lana C. Walters, Nancy Kadish, Hilary C. Nosker, Christine D. Berg, Thomas Payne, Jackie Becker, Kanistha Sookpisal, Lyn Seguin, Todd R. Hazelton, Roy Adaniya, James Fisher, Annmarie Walsh, Shirleen Hyun, Laura Stark, Kenneth Hansen, Carolyn Nelson, Martin Tammemagi, Mary A. Wolfsberger, Barry H. Gross, Valentina Ortico, Marge Watry, Jeff Childs, Gabe Herron, Loretta Thorpe, Lisa Damon, Evanthia Papadopoulos, Denise Moline, Voula E. Christopoulos, John D. Minna, Tony Jones, Mitchell Machtay, Michael Plunkett, Melissa Laughren, Luis Zagarra, Adam Leming, Eda Ordonez, Chris Howell, Marissa Peters, Wendy Mosiman, Joanne Gerber, Alfonso Lorenzo, Barbara L. McComb, Laura Hill, Gale Christensen, Hanna Comer, Carmen Guzman, Kathy Taylor, Misty Oviatt, Malcolm King, Lily Stone, Rex Welsh, Bernadette Pennetta, Cristina Raver, Jan E. Hyder, Stephanie Clabo, Peggy Lau, Jacqueline Fearon, Patricia Pangburn, Pamela Dow, William K. Evans, Victor De Caravalho, Mike Wirth, Brooke Johnson, Meridith Blevins, Lisa H. Gren, Sharon L. Kurjan, James P. Evans, Kirk E. Smith, Donna King, John A. Worrell, Mindy S. Geisser, Philip F. Judy, Richard Barr, Sue Misko, Stanley R. Phillips, Jillian Nickel, Christine M. McKey, Joe Austin, Donna Hartfeil, Laura Young, Shovonna White, Alexis K. Potemkin, Anthony Boulos, Tawny Martin, Karen Kofka, Heather McLaughlin, Matthew K. Siemionko, Melissa Houston, Angela Lee Rowley, Adys Fernandez, Murray Backer, Jagdish Singh, Mary Weston, Nancy Payte, Charles Apgar, John K. Gohagan, Jeff Fairbanks, Wylie Burke, David Chi, Michael Nahill, Kevin DeMarco, Karen Patella, Beverly Rozanok, Carol M. Moser, Nicole Matetic Mac, Karen Boyle, Dinah Lorenzo, Elanor Adkins, Phyllis Olsson, Amanda M. Adams, Sujaya Rao, K.E. Jones, Polly Kay, D. Lynn Werner, John B. Weaver, Sally Anne Kopesec, Jennifer Frye, Victoria Chun, Cathy Francow, Cheri Whiton, Jo Ann Nevilles, Andrew Bodd, Barbara Galen, Sabrina Chen, Cindy Cyphert, Stephen M. Moore, Petra J. Lewis, Shanna Nichols, Mareie Walters, Thea Palmer Zimmerman, Warren B. Gefter, Peter Dubbs, Ann Reinert, Holly Washburn, Renee MacDonald, Boleyn R. Andrist, Dianalyn M. Evans, Marvin Flores, Tricia Adrales-Bentz, Claudine Isaacs, Regina C. MacDougall, Greg M. Silverman, Nichoie Cadez, Lynne Bradford, Rochelle Williams, Angela M. McLaughlin, Ellen Sandberg, Cheryl Crozier, Robert Mayer, Richard P. Remitz, Sheron Bube, Leroy Riley, Vish Iyer, Sophie Breer, Stephen Baylin, Anna Boyle, Shannon Williams, Kristen Keating, Martin M. Oken, Gerald L. Andriole, Bruce E. Hubler, Eric T. Goodman, David Engelhart, Bonna Au, Brianne Whittaker, Tricia Hoffa, Eng Brown, Tammy Wolfsohn, Denise L. Foster, Barry H. Cohen, Linda Galocy, Matthew T. Bee, Jacqueline Matuza, Leslie Henry, Katherine Meagher, Mona Fouad, Beth McLellan, Troy Cook, John Sheflin, Lilian Villaruz, Marcella Moore, Brandy Mack-Pipkin, Vanessa Graves, Ryan Weyls, William T. Herbick, Geoffrey McLennan, Lynn Hoese, Janise Webb, Terrie Kitchner, Michele Lee, Robert T. Greenlee, Charles C. Matthews, Nicole Spiese, Jeffrey Heffernon, Dianna D. Cody, Patricia Blair, Kathy Garrett, Michael A. Sullivan, and Loretta Granger

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Mortality rate, medicine.disease, law.invention, Quality-adjusted life year, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, National Lung Screening Trial, Radiology, Overdiagnosis, business, Lung cancer, Lung cancer screening, Mass screening
Abstract

The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) is a randomized multicenter study comparing low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) with chest radiography in the screening of older current and former heavy smokers for early detection of lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Five-year survival rates approach 70% with surgical resection of stage IA disease; however, more than 75% of individuals have incurable locally advanced or metastatic disease, the latter having a 5-year survival of less than 5%. It is plausible that treatment should be more effective and the likelihood of death decreased if asymptomatic lung cancer is detected through screening early enough in its preclinical phase. For these reasons, there is intense interest and intuitive appeal in lung cancer screening with low-dose CT. The use of survival as the determinant of screening effectiveness is, however, confounded by the well-described biases of lead time, length, and overdiagnosis. Despite previous attempts, no test has been shown to reduce lung cancer mortality, an endpoint that circumvents screening biases and provides a definitive measure of benefit when assessed in a randomized controlled trial that enables comparison of mortality rates between screened individuals and a control group that does not undergo the screening intervention of interest. The NLST is such a trial. The rationale for and design of the NLST are presented.

Published
2011
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7. Earthling dreams in black and white: space, representation and US racial politics in ‘The space traders’

Author

Julie Moody-Freeman

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Oppression, media_common.quotation_subject, Critical race theory, Gender studies, Space (commercial competition), Racial politics, Racism, Representation (politics), White supremacy, Anthropology, Sociology, Plot (narrative), media_common
Abstract

This article examines Trey Ellis's re-adaptation of Derrick Bell's ‘The space traders’ and argues that contrasting philosophy and aesthetics in the literary and visual works reveal what Houston Baker has termed ‘generational shift’. The varying versions of ‘The space traders’ are examined for their distinct approaches to challenging racism and for theorising about whether it is even possible to end racial oppression in the United States. That both the fiction and teleplay imagine the prospect of whites trading blacks to space aliens as a solution to ending America's social and economic ills reflects the scholars' and artists' indictments of white supremacy in the United States. However, the divergences in plot, character and dialogue suggest intergenerational rifts. The contrasting effect is that Ellis's aesthetic choice to highlight complexion centres audiences' focus on intra-racial divisions of African Americans based on colour. Ellis's focus on black intra-racial conflicts moves the critique away from...

Published
2009
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8. The genre of science fiction and the black imagination

Author

Julie Moody-Freeman and Sandra Jackson

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Literature, Literary fiction, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Popular culture, Art, Science fiction fandom, Diaspora, Anthropology, Mainstream, Fantasy, business, media_common, Techno-thriller
Abstract

This special issue contains contributions that critically examine works in literature and film of the Black and African Diaspora as well as mainstream media and popular culture that seek to engage ...

Published
2009
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9. Zee Edgell: novelist as historian/activist (re)imagining nation

Author

Julie Moody-Freeman

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Power politics, Anthropology, Body politic, Patriarchy, Ethnic group, Gender studies, Historiography, Sociology, Colonialism, Decolonization, Nationalism
Abstract

This article examines the specifically gendered ways in which Zee Edgell (re)writes Belizean history to challenge patriarchy and imperialism in her novels. Contextualizing this study with socio‐historical research on Belize as well as personal interviews with Zee Edgell, it argues that Edgell challenges a postcolonial body politic, which replicates patriarchal colonial policies that marginalize and oppress Belizeans of all ethnicities. Edgell's novels expose the muted history of slavery and colonization in Belize, and they re‐imagine how this shaped the development of the colony and independent nation. In addition, her depictions of the decolonization movement document the muted history of women's activism in Belize. Thus, her novels challenge nationalist historiography and identify Belizean women's instrumental role in the nation‐building process in colonial and postcolonial Belize. Her depictions of women's community activism redefine hierarchical power politics, provide a paradigm for activist struggle...

Published
2009
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