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1. Monoterpene Chemical Speciation with High Time Resolution Using a FastGC/PTR-MS: Results from the COV3ER Experiment on Quercus ilex

Author: Sandy Bsaibes, Felix Piel, Valérie Gros, François Truong, Florence Lafouge, Raluca Ciuraru, Pauline Buysse, Julien Kammer, Benjamin Loubet, and Michael Staudt
Subjects: FastGC, PTR-MS, monoterpenes, Quercus ilex, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract: Monoterpenes (MTs) represent an important family of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in terms of amount and chemical diversity. This family has been extensively studied using gas chromatography (GC) and proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). Upon recent advances with Fast Gas Chromatography (FastGC), it was also commercialized with proton transfer reaction-time of flight-mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) instruments. The combination of both techniques showed promising results in the near real-time separation of isomers, with the need of further improvements. In this study, a FastGC prototype was coupled to a conventional PTR-MS (PTR-QuadMS). Extensive laboratory experiments were performed, in order to test the system’s performance and to optimize its operational parameters for MT separation. The detection limit was determined to be around 0.8–1.7 ppbv, depending on the MT. The system was afterwards deployed during a three-week field campaign in a mixed holm oak (Quercus ilex) forest known for its important MT emissions. MTs were measured in the incoming and the outgoing air of dynamic enclosures installed on the branches of four different trees. Three chemotypes of holm oak trees could be distinguished showing consistently different proportions of the emitted MTs throughout the measurement campaign: pinene-type, myrcene-type and limonene-type. Measurements showed a systematic diel variation in emissions typical of light and temperature-dependent, de novo-synthesized VOCs. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the FastGC/PTR-MS system for continuous measurements from dynamic chambers in the field, whereas further improvements would be necessary to lower the detection limit for ambient air measurements.
Published: 2020
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2. Characterization of Total OH Reactivity in a Rapeseed Field: Results from the COV3ER Experiment in April 2017

Author: Sandy Bsaibes, Valérie Gros, François Truong, Christophe Boissard, Dominique Baisnée, Roland Sarda-Esteve, Nora Zannoni, Florence Lafouge, Raluca Ciuraru, Pauline Buysse, Julien Kammer, Lais Gonzaga Gomez, and Benjamin Loubet
Subjects: oh reactivity, biogenic vocs, crm-ptrms, ptrqi-tofms, crops, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract: Croplands remain poorly studied ecosystems in terms of total hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity, especially when compared to forests. As part of the COV3ER project, total OH reactivity (ROH), defined as the total loss rate of OH due to its reaction with reactive species in the atmosphere, was characterized in a rapeseed field (Grignon, France) during the blooming season in April 2017. Measurements were performed in a dynamic chamber as well as in ambient air using the Comparative Reactivity Method (CRM). Complementary measurements of organic (including a proton transfer reaction quadrupole ion−time of flight mass spectrometry, PTRQi-ToFMS) and inorganic compounds were also performed in order to calculate the expected OH reactivity and evaluate the missing fraction. Measured ROH varied diurnally in the dynamic chamber (mROHchamber) with maxima around 20 to 30 s−1 at midday and minima during dark hours, following the variability of the enclosed branch VOCsrapeseed, which is light- and temperature-dependent. Oxygenated VOCs were the major compounds emitted by the rapeseed crop. However, in terms of contribution to OH reactivity, isoprene accounted for 40% during the daytime, followed by acetaldehyde (21%) and monoterpenes (18%). The comparison between mROHchamber and calculated ROH (cROHchamber) exhibited little or no difference during dark hours, whereas a maximum difference appeared around midday, highlighting a significant missing fraction (46% on average during daytime) mainly related to biogenic temperature- and/or light-dependent emissions.
Published: 2020
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3. Presence of siloxanes in the ambient air of urban Paris during the ACROSS field campaign

Author: Rulan Verma, Sebastien Perrier, Vincent Michoud, Claudia Di Biagio, Aline Gratien, Lelia Hawkins, Barbara D'Anna, Julien Kammer, Anne Monod, Christopher Cantrell, Christian George, and Matthieu Riva
Abstract: Cyclic volatile methyl Siloxanes (cVMS) are a group of silicon-based organic compounds of anthropogenic origin that are found ubiquitously in the ambient air. They find wide application in many industrial, automotive products, consumer, and personal care products such as paints, solvents, adhesives, cosmetics, polymers, etc. About 90% of the environmentally released cyclic siloxanes diffuse directly into the atmosphere. They are high–production volume chemicals with some having an annual production rate of 45 to 227 thousand tons worldwide. Siloxanes have been observed in both urban and rural areas. Among the different siloxanes emitted into the atmosphere hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) are of great importance due to their subsequent concentrations. It should be mentioned that siloxanes are not readily biodegradable which means they can persist in the environment for a long duration. The D4 species has already been identified as a potential persistent organic pollutant (PoPs). D4 and D5 are very persistent and bioaccumulative and have evinced or potential hazards to both humans and the environment.Taking advantage of the Vocus proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VOCUS PTR–TOF–MS) the D3, D4, and D5 species were measured in real-time downtown Paris in the June–July 2022 period. The measurements were performed during the ACROSS (Atmospheric ChemistRy Of the Suburban foreSt) field campaign at the urban site located at Université Paris Cité (48.83°N, 2.38°E) sampling at about 25 m above the ground level. The data collected during the summer 2022 showed that the mean concentrations were 0.099±0.009, 0.045±0.009, and 0.131±0.089 ppb for D3, D4, and D5, respectively. A strong diurnal cycle was observed for the different siloxanes. Concentrations for the D5 siloxane peaked in the morning with an averaged maximum of 0.298± 0.119 ppb while the 25th and the 75th quantile are 0.221 and 0.377 ppb, respectively. In the afternoon concentrations show a minimum value, followed by a slight increase during the night. The D5 is the most abundant siloxane species and shows the strongest diurnal cycle compared to the other two identified siloxanes. Observations during the campaign and the potential reaction products and sources of siloxanes will be discussed in this work.KEYWORDS: Siloxanes; Cyclic Siloxanes; D3,D4 and D5; Ambient Air; PoPs; ACROSS; HR- Mass Spectrometry; VOCUS PTR-Tof
Published: 2023

4. In situ VOC measurements in the center of Paris under local biogenic influence ( Spring- Summer 2022)

Author: Carmen Kalalian, Valérie Gros, Leïla Simon, Vincent Douet, Aurélien Faucheux, Christophe Boitel, Nathalie Bocquet, Julien Kammer, Barbara D'anna, Jean-Eudes Petit, Olivier Favez, Juliette Leymarie, and Christophe Boissard
Abstract: It is generally acknowledged that urban vegetation improves the environmental quality of cities around the world as they can provide ecosystem services like mitigation of urban heat island effect, and capture of atmospheric pollutants by the leaf surfaces. However, vegetation is also a source of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC), that can be targets of oxidants produced from chemical interactions with anthropogenic atmospheric pollutants. Such oxidation phenomena trigger the formation of secondary pollutants like ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). As part of the sTREEt (Impact of sTress on uRban trEEs and on city air quality) project, the present work aims to (i) characterize the ambient gaseous composition in the center of Paris (Town Hall) impacted by a local biogenic source (an urban garden and street trees) and subjected to significant anthropogenic contributions (mainly traffic), and (ii) estimate the contribution of BVOC (vs Anthropogenic VOC) and ultimately their impact on the ambient air quality (O3, SOA). A field campaign took place in Paris city center, from June 8th to July 6th, 2022, notably including a heat wave period on June 17th and 18th (with temperature up to 37°C). The experimental set-up comprised continuous measurements of VOC (using PTR-ToF-MS), NOx (as traffic tracer), aerosol chemical composition (using ACSM) and meteorological parameters (i.e., temperature, wind, light irradiation). VOCs speciation (including terpenes) was also performed off-line based on cartridges analyses for selected days. Results are presented and compared here with measurements at a suburban site at the SIRTA-ACTRIS facility (20 km SW of Paris). The overall VOC concentrations at the town hall site were higher than at the SIRTA site. Furthermore, isoprene and monoterpenes were mainly of anthropogenic origin, with a diurnal variability and a strong correlation with traffic markers (NOx and aromatic VOC). However, during the heat wave, the concentrations of isoprene and monoterpenes increased and showed a different variability than that of the traffic markers. The concentration of isoprene became very significant with levels around 6 ppb (comparable to the SIRTA site), due to the increase in the biotic component, which may promote the formation of ozone. On the other hand, the moderate increase in monoterpene concentrations (0.1 to 0.7 ppb), due as well to the increase in the biotic component, could contribute significantly to the SOA formation. Thus, assuming a near future increase in the frequency and intensity of heat waves, the contribution of the biogenic source to the ambient air quality may be even more important in urban areas with strong anthropogenic contributions.
Published: 2023

5. Formation of secondary organic aerosol from sitka spruce emissions

Author: Hayley Furnell, Julien Kammer, Astrid Wingler, Kieran Kilcawley, David Mannion, and John Wenger
Abstract: Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted from a wide range of trees and plants undergo oxidation reactions in the atmosphere to produce secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which has direct and indirect effects on climate, and is accountable for a large proportion of climate uncertainties. The composition and yield of SOA is determined by the precursor BVOCs, which depends on the emission profile of the plant. In Ireland forestry is dominated by Sitka spruce (Picea Sitchensis), the emissions of which are not well characterised. The goal of this study is to identify the BVOC emissions from Sitka spruce, and to assess their SOA formation potential.To characterise the emission profile of Sitka spruce, 4-year old trees were housed in a plant growth chamber under controlled environmental conditions and the emissions monitored on-line with a time-of-flight chemical ionisation mass spectrometer (ToF-CIMS), and off-line with thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The atmospheric reactions of the VOCs emitted by the Sitka spruce were investigated by oxidising them with hydroxyl (OH) radicals in an atmospheric simulation chamber. BVOC oxidation and gas-phase product formation was monitored by ToF-CIMS. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was used to track particle formation and growth, and the SOA composition was determined with the use of a filter inlet for gas and aerosols (FIGAERO) fitted to the ToF-CIMS.Over 60 different BVOCs were identified in the Sitka spruce emissions, with oxygenated species accounting for over 50% of them. The most abundant compound identified was piperitone, C10H16O an oxygenated monoterpene. Other compounds prevalent in the emissions included isoprene and monoterpenes, such as myrcene and β-phellandrene. During oxidation experiments the decay of the Sitka spruce emissions was observed with the ToF-CIMS in C6H6+ mode, while the formation of oxidised gas products was observed in I- mode. The most prevalent gas-phase product was C5H6O3. Analysis of the gas-phase oxidation products indicated that the oxidation of multiple BVOCs led to their formation. Particle formation and growth commenced quickly after the OH reaction was initiated. The composition of the SOA showed C6H8O6 as the dominant species, but the majority of the products had formulas in the range #C7 – 15 and #O5 - 8. Analysis of both gas and particle phase chemistry has been performed to determine the SOA formation potential of Sitka spruce BVOC emissions.
Published: 2023

6. Aerosol complex refractive index retrieval in the Paris urban area and its forested surroundings during the ACROSS field campaign: variability and constraint for direct radiative effect estimation in regional models

Author: Ludovico Di Antonio, Claudia Di Biagio, Matthias Beekmann, Aline Gratien, Paola Formenti, Astrid Bauville, Antonin Bérge, Joel Ferreira de Brito, Mathieu Cazaunau, Servanne Chevaillier, Barbara D’Anna, David Owen De Haan, Olivier Favez, Cecile Gaimoz, Olivier Garret, Leila N. Hawkins, Julien Kammer, Brigitte Language, Franck Maisonneuve, Griša Močnik, Anne Monod, Gael Noyalet, Diana Pereira, Sebastien Perrier, Jean-Eudes Petit, Drew Pronovost, Véronique Riffault, Sydney Riley, Matthieu Riva, Marwa Shahin, Guillaume Siour, Brice Temime-Roussel, Chenjie Yu, Pascal Zapf, Gilles Foret, Jean-François Doussin, Christopher Cantrell, and Vincent Michoud
Abstract: The complex refractive index (CRI) is one of the key parameter driving aerosol spectral optical properties and direct radiative effects (DRE). Its value and spectral variation under different conditions, such as anthropogenic− and biogenic−dominated environments and anthropogenic−biogenic mixing situations, remains not fully understood. As a consequence, oversimplified representations of aerosol optical properties are generally used in climate models. Therefore, measurements of aerosol CRI in different environments and their inclusion in models are needed. The field observations from the ACROSS campaign, performed in June-July 2022 in the Ile de France region, are used in this study to deepen the knowledge of aerosol optical properties, aiming to improve the aerosol representation in the CHIMERE model and provide the best constraint for DRE simulations. Measurements obtained both at the Paris city center and the Rambouilllet rural forest sites during ACROSS are considered, in order to explore the CRI variability from anthropogenic−dominated to biogenic−dominated environments, including anthropogenic−biogenic mixing situations. The CRI retrievals at seven different wavelengths, performed by combining the Mie theory with optical and size distribution measurements, are representative of different atmospheric conditions, aerosol loadings as well as type and chemical compositions. In fact, the June-July 2022 period was characterized by highly diversified weather conditions: 1) two strong heatwaves, promoting SOA build-up and favoring the export of the Paris pollution plume towards the forest site; 2) Saharan dust events transported from the upper atmosphere to the ground; 3) biomass burning episode; 4) periods with reduced anthropogenic influence. The CRI retrievals under these different conditions and their link to particulate chemical composition is investigated. Hence, the CRI dataset presented here constitutes a unique dataset from which models can benefit to validate and constrain simulations and DRE estimations, under both urban and biogenic emissions influence. These data, in conjunction with those from the aircraft observations during ACROSS, are used to initialize and perform sensitivity studies on the aerosol DRE, using the CHIMERE−WRF coupled model, the OPTSIM model for the aerosol optical properties and the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for GCMs (RRTMG).Keywords: Complex refractive index, direct radiative effect, aerosol mixing, urban, forest
Published: 2023

7. Analysis of Emissions from Cattle Slurry using Time of FlightChemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (TOF-CIMS)

Author: Emma Galloway, Adrien Gandolfo, Julien Kammer, and John Wenger
Abstract: The use of animal-based fertilizers in the forms of manure and slurry is widespread throughout Europe. The process of spreading manure and slurry results in large emissions of greenhouse gases as well as inorganic gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The non-methane VOCs emitted from manure and slurry are not well characterized, even though they are expected to result in the formation of important secondary pollutants such as ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). In this study, we conducted an initial small-scale laboratory measurement of VOCs emitted by cattle slurry using a Time of Flight Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometer. Dry purified air was passed through a small chamber containing the slurry and into the instrument, which was operated using both C6H6+ and I- as reagent ions in order to detect a large range of oxygenated and hydrocarbon VOCs. Using the I- reagent ion, a number of low molecular weight carboxylic acids were detected, along with some phenolic compounds and hydrogen disulfide. A much larger number of compounds was detected using the C6H6+reagent ion, including the same phenolic compounds and a range of nitrogen-containing species. The timescales of the emitted species showed considerable variation, with some, e.g. hydrogen disulfide, being very intense and short-lived, and others, e.g. phenol, being continuously emitted at a roughly constant rate for several hours. Further work is currently underway to understand the factors controlling the nature of these emissions, their reactivity and SOA formation.
Published: 2023

8. New Particle Formation at a Mixed Peri-Urban and Agricultural Site

Author: Julien Kammer, Leila Simon, Raluca Ciuraru, Jean-Eudes Petit, Florence Lafouge, Pauline Buysse, Sandy Bsaibes, Ben Henderson, Simona M. Cristescu, Brigitte Durand, Olivier Fanucci, Francois Truong, Valerie Gros, and Benjamin Loubet
Subjects: History, Polymers and Plastics, Business and International Management, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Published: 2022

9. Effect of senescence on biogenic volatile organic compound fluxes in wheat plants

Author: Christophe Boissard, Benjamin Loubet, Lais Gonzaga Gomez, Jean-Christophe Gueudet, Raluca Ciuraru, Florence Lafouge, François Truong, Julien Kammer, Valérie Gros, Sandy Bsaibes, Brigitte Durand, Céline Decuq, Olivier Fanucci, Olivier Zurfluh, Pauline Buysse, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, BVOC, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Eddy covariance, Development stage, Crop, 01 natural sciences, Reaction rate, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Flux (metallurgy), PTR-Qi-Tof-MS, Volatile organic compound, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, chemistry.chemical_classification, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Dynamic chamber, Acetaldehyde, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Mass spectrum, Composition (visual arts), 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Exchanges of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) between plants and the atmosphere are likely to vary, in amount and composition, between different plant species but also for a single plant during its development. However, the effect of plant development stages, including senescence, on BVOC exchanges remains poorly investigated, especially in the case of crop plants. We investigated the BVOC exchange patterns for wheat plants, the most grown crop species worldwide, during seed maturation, senescence and after harvest. Fluxes were measured online, in situ, at the plant scale by combining automated chambers and a Proton Transfer - Reaction Quadrupole ion guide - Time of Flight - Mass Spectrometer (PTR-Qi-Tof-MS). The high resolution and sensitivity of this method enabled the measurement of a large mass spectrum of compounds emitted at very small amounts, allowing a precise characterization of BVOC exchanges. We found that the overall BVOC emissions increased twofold during the senescence stage compared to the maturation stage. Methanol was found to be the most emitted compound (49-60% of the overall flux on a molar basis) followed by acetone (7.5-8.2% of the overall flux on a molar basis) during each developmental stage investigated. Acetaldehyde was another major emitted compound contributing mainly during late senescence to the overall flux (9.7%). When normalized for temperature and light conditions, most BVOC emissions increased during senescence, showing a clear effect of senescence on BVOC exchanges. Chamber emissions were comparable to whole ecosystem fluxes measured at the same site by eddy covariance the previous year. The OH reactivity of the emitted compounds was evaluated based on known reaction rate constants and was the largest during the first senescence stage, peaking at 12 s(-1) in the chambers. The results of this study show the need for considering plant phenology when computing BVOC emissions from crops.
Published: 2021

10. Atmospheric reactivity of biogenic volatile organic compounds in a maritime pine forest during the LANDEX episode 1 field campaign

Author: Eric Villenave, Vincent Michoud, Nadine Locoge, Julien Kammer, Stéphane Sauvage, Mohamad Al Ajami, Sebastien Batut, Sandy Bsaibes, Aline Gratien, Thierry Léonardis, Pierre-Marie Flaud, Valérie Gros, Emilie Perraudin, Sebastien Dusanter, François Truong, Kenneth Mermet, Jean-François Doussin, Manuela Cirtog, Christophe Hecquet, Coralie Schoemaecker, Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-10-LABX-0045,COTE,COntinental To coastal Ecosystems: evolution, adaptability and governance(2010)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, Linalool, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Isoprene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Trace gas, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Myrcene, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Pinus pinaster, Camphene, Environmental science
Abstract: Trace gas measurements were performed during the LANDEX (the LANDes EXperiment) Episode 1 field campaign in the summer 2017, in one of the largest European maritime pine forests (> 95% Pinus pinaster) located in southwestern France. Efforts have been focused on obtaining a good speciation of 20 major biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs, including pinenes, carenes, terpinenes, linalool, camphene, etc.). This was made possible by the development of a new and specific chromatographic method. In order to assess the role of BVOCs in the local gas phase chemistry budget, their reactivity with the main atmospheric oxidants (hydroxyl radicals (OH), ozone (O3) and nitrate radicals (NO3)) and the corresponding consumption rates were determined. When considering the OH reactivity with BVOCs, isoprene and linalool accounted for 10-47% of the OH depletion during daytime, and monoterpenes for 50-65%, whereas monoterpenes were the main contributors during the night (70-85%). Sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes were the main contributors to the ozone reactivity, especially β-caryophyllene (30-70%), with a maximum contribution during nighttime. Nighttime nitrate reactivity was predominantly due to monoterpenes (i.e. 90-95%). Five specific groups have been proposed to classify the 19 BVOCs measured in the forest, according to their reactivity with atmospheric oxidants and their concentrations. The total amount of BVOCs consumed under and above the forest canopy was evaluated for 7 BVOCs (i.e. isoprene, α-pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, limonene + cis-ocimene and Δ3-carene). The reactivity of atmospheric oxidants and BVOCs at a local level are discussed in order to highlight the compounds (BVOCs, other VOCs), the atmospheric oxidants and the main associated reactive processes observed under the canopy of a maritime pine forest.
Published: 2021

11. Volatile organic compound fluxes over a winter wheat field by PTR-Qi-TOF-MS and eddy covariance

Author: Jean-Christophe Gueudet, Florence Lafouge, Sandy Bsaibes, Raluca Ciuraru, Benjamin Loubet, Letizia Abis, Christophe Boissard, Nora Zannoni, Pauline Buysse, Valérie Gros, Brigitte Durand, Roland Sarda-Esteve, Olivier Zurfluh, Julien Kammer, François Truong, Michael Staudt, Lais Gonzaga-Gomez, Olivier Fanucci, Céline Decuq, Dominique Baisnée, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie (grant no. COV3ER, 1562C0032) R2DSADEME projects DICOV (grant no. 1662c0020) AGRIMULTUPOL (grant number 1703C0012)., ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), and European Project: 674911,H2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015,IMPACT(2016)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_classification, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, Atmospheric methane, Air pollution, Eddy covariance, medicine.disease_cause, chemistry.chemical_compound, Flux (metallurgy), Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, Volatile Organic Compound, Air Pollution, Environmental chemistry, medicine, Environmental science, Volatile organic compound, Winter wheat field, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Isoprene
Abstract: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contribute to air pollution through the formation of secondary aerosols and ozone and extend the lifetime of methane in the atmosphere. Tropospheric VOCs originate to 90 % from biogenic sources on a global scale, mainly from forests. Crops are also a potentially large yet poorly characterized source of VOCs (30 % of the VOC emissions in Europe, mostly oxygenated). In this study, we investigated VOC fluxes over a winter wheat field by eddy covariance using a PTR-Qi-TOF-MS with high sensitivity and mass resolution. The study took place near Paris over a 5-week period and included flowering, crop maturity and senescence. We found a total of 123 VOCs with fluxes 3 times above the detection limit. Methanol was the most emitted compound with an average flux of 63 µg m−2 h−1, representing about 52 % of summed VOC emissions on a molar basis (36 % on a mass basis). We also identified ethanol, acetone, acetaldehyde and dimethyl sulfide among the six most emitted compounds. The third most emitted VOC corresponded to the ion m/z 93.033. It was tentatively identified as furan (C6H4O), a compound not previously reported to be strongly emitted by crops. The average summed VOC emissions were about 173 ± 6 µg m2 h−1, while the average VOC depositions were about 109 ± 2 µg m−2 h−1 and hence 63 % of the VOC emissions on a mass basis. The net ecosystem flux of VOCs was an emission of 64 ± 6 µg m−2 h−1 (0.5 ± 0.05 nmol m−2 s−1). The most deposited VOCs were identified as hydroxyacetone, acetic acid and fragments of oxidized VOCs. Overall, our results reveal that wheat fields represent a non-negligible source and sink of VOCs to be considered in regional VOC budgets and underline the usefulness and limitations of eddy covariance measurements with a PTR-Qi-TOF-MS.
Published: 2021

12. Supplementary material to 'Volatile organic compound fluxes over a winter wheat field by PTR-Qi-TOF-MS and eddy covariance'

Author: Benjamin Loubet, Pauline Buysse, Lais Gonzaga-Gomez, Florence Lafouge, Raluca Ciuraru, Céline Decuq, Julien Kammer, Sandy Bsaibes, Christophe Boissard, Brigitte Durand, Jean-Christophe Gueudet, Olivier Fanucci, Olivier Zurfluh, Letizia Abis, Nora Zannoni, François Truong, Dominique Baisnée, Roland Sarda-Estève, Michael Staudt, and Valérie Gros
Published: 2021

13. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of VOCs emitted from cellulose acetate movie films by PTR-ToF-MS

Author: François Truong, Leila Simon, Bertrand Lavédrine, Christophe Boissard, Anne-Laurence Dupont, Julien Kammer, Anne-Laure Soulié, Valérie Gros, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Archeology, Resolution (mass spectrometry), Formic acid, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Cellulose acetate, 02 engineering and technology, Conservation, Mass spectrometry, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Acetic acid, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Acetone, Vinegar syndrome, Movie film, Cellulose, Spectroscopy, PTR-ToF-MS, 010401 analytical chemistry, Acetaldehyde, VOCs, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Chemistry (miscellaneous), 0210 nano-technology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: International audience; tCellulose acetate (CA) has been widely used since the second half of the 20th century as a transparent support for photographs and movie films in order to replace the flammable cellulose nitrate. Over time, hydrolysis occurs and the deacetylation of the CA produces acetic acid (AA), a well-known phenomenon in film archives, the so-called “vinegar syndrome”. However, beside AA, other off-gassing compounds maybe present, and very few studies have been devoted to their quantitative and qualitative assessment. Proton Transfer Reaction “Time-of-Flight” Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) combines high sensitivity with high mass resolution for real-time detection of multiple Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). This technique was used to evaluate the air composition from 41 films dated from the second half of the 20th century, which showed different degradation levels (ranked using A-D strips®: level 0–1.5). More than 100 VOCs were detected, and their distribution was different from one film to another. AA was the most abundant VOC in 27 film cans. In others, it was either N,N dimethylformamide (DMF), butanol, acetaldehyde, acetone or formic acid. This study shows that PTR-MS is a powerful tool to monitor in real-time, and non-invasively, objects degradation in a museum environment via the quantitative and qualitative analysis of their VOCs emissions, and that this can be used for hierarchical cluster analysis classification.
Published: 2020

14. Characterization of gaseous and particulate phase organic compounds during a winter-time air pollution event

Author: Elena Gomez Alvarez, Niall O'Sullivan, Julien Kammer, John C. Wenger, and Stig Hellebust
Subjects: Phase (matter), Event (relativity), Air pollution, medicine, Environmental science, Winter time, Particulates, medicine.disease_cause, Atmospheric sciences
Abstract: AbstractAtmospheric particles are known to cause adverse health effects and premature deaths in European cities. To improve air quality, a detailed understanding of particle sources is thus essential in order to reduce their emissions. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) produced from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds emitted by anthropogenic sources such as road vehicles and solid fuel combustion is an important air pollution source in urban areas. It is demonstrated that SOA contribute significantly to the atmospheric particle loading, and could even be the major contributor at specific locations. Yet, state of the art models are still not able to reproduce SOA formation despite recent advances. Clearly, further work is needed to improve our understanding of the processes related to SOA formation.In this context, a field campaign has been conducted at a monitoring station in Cork City, Ireland during winter 2019 (26th January to 8th February). The chemical composition of organic compounds in both gas and particle phases was investigated online using a Time-of-Flight Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometer (ToF-CIMS) coupled with a Filter Inlet for Gases and Aerosols (FIGAERO). PM2.5 concentration, ozone and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were also monitored during the campaign, as well as meteorological parameters. Finally, air mass backward trajectories were computed using the HYSPLIT model.A strong night-time air pollution event was observed during the field campaign, characterized by PM2.5 concentrations up to 180 µg m-3. Using iodide as reagent, the FIGAERO-ToF-CIMS detected hundreds of ions simultaneously in gas and particulate phases. Among the identified compounds were a range of well-known atmospheric tracers of solid fuel burning, including phenolic compounds such as guaiacol and catechol, and numerous oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs). A number of nitrated aromatic compounds were also detected. In this work, the gas/particle partitioning of some of these key compounds has been investigated to provide information on phase transfer of solid fuel emissions over time. The thermograms produced by the FIGAERO analysis are also used to determine the volatility of the species detected. Finally, the FIGAERO-ToF-CIMS data is used to explore the extent to which oxidation of the gaseous emissions by the nitrate radical (NO3) leads to the formation of nitrated compounds in the particulate phase. This work thus provides unique insights into the night-time oxidation processes that can lead to SOA formation from anthropogenic sources. AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by the Irish Research Council (GOIPG/2017/1364) and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (EUROCHAMP-2020, grant no. 730997; Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 751527).
Published: 2020

15. Measuring Air Pollutant Concentrations and Fluxes

Author: Cristian Focsa, Jean-François Doussin, Dominique Baisnée, Nora Zannoni, Gaëlle Uzu, Roland Sarda-Esteve, Christian George, Stéphane Sauvage, Valérie Gros, Nathalie Redon, Eric Villenave, Benjamin Loubet, Gaëlle Dufour, Cathy Clerbaux, Denis Petitprez, Julien Kammer, Audrey Fortems-Cheiney, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Mathieu Cazaunau, Raluca Ciuraru, Maurice Millet, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Melynda Hassouna, Patricia Laville, Etienne Quivet, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS - CNRS), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carole Bedos, Sophie Génermont, Jean-François Castell, Pierre Cellier (eds), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Concentration, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Air pollution, Eddy covariance, O3, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Emission, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Pesticides, Deposition, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Air pollutant concentrations, Reactivity, Global warming, VOCs, 15. Life on land, Particles, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, NH3, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Spatial variability
Abstract: International audience; Estimating agriculture’s contribution to air pollution and global warming is needed to understand and limit its impacts on the environment and climate. It is equally important to estimate the capacity of agricultural practices to mitigate these emissions and to characterize atmospheric deposition and the impacts of air pollutants on agroecosystems. This chapter presents methods for measuring air pollutant concentrations, their fluxes at the soil-vegetation-atmosphere interface, and emissions from livestock facilities. Methods for measuring air concentrations are described with a focus on compounds emitted from or impacting agriculture (including forests): ammonia, nitrogen oxides, pesticides, volatile organic compounds including methane, abiotic and biotic particles, and ozone. The main methods for measuring emission and deposition fluxes of air pollutants between terrestrial surfaces, especially agroecosystems, and the atmosphere are described with a specific focus on the eddy covariance method as well as on emissions from livestock buildings. Then the general principles of source apportionment methods for estimating emissions spatial variability are presented. To address the questions on atmospheric chemistry, the methods used for measuring the reactivity of atmospheric compounds are presented. Finally, an insight is given on the developments of measurement methodologies to address new compounds and improve the sensors’ sensitivity and response time as well as provide estimates of spatial variability of concentrations and fluxes at larger scales.
Published: 2020

16. Characterization of particulate and gaseous pollutants from a French dairy and sheep farm

Author: Benjamin Loubet, Florence Lafouge, Brigitte Durand, Varunesh Chandra, Rachid Benabdallah, Julien Kammer, Oliver Fanucci, Céline Decuq, Nicolas Bonnaire, Pauline Buysse, Dominique Baisnée, Simona M. Cristescu, Jean-Eudes Petit, Raluca Ciuraru, François Truong, Ben Henderson, Sandy Bsaibes, Valérie Gros, Roland Sarda-Esteve, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Department of Molecular and Laser Physics [Nijmegen], Institute for Molecules and Materials [Nijmegen], Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen], ANAEE-France for the PTR-Qi-TOF-MS funding. The French Environment and Energy Management Agency ADEME for the funding through the AgriMultiPol program (17-03 C0012)., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Radboud University [Nijmegen]-Radboud University [Nijmegen]
Subjects: VOC emissions, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, Residence time (fluid dynamics), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ammonia, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Air quality index, Chemical composition, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, PTR-Qi-TOF-MS, Gaseous pollutants, Agriculture, Particulates, Pollution, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Air quality, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Carbon dioxide, Environmental science, Molecular and Laser Physics
Abstract: International audience; Agricultural activities highly contribute to atmospheric pollution, but the diversity and the magnitude of their emissions are still subject to large uncertainties. A field measurement campaign was conducted to characterize gaseous and particulate emissions from an experimental farm in France containing a sheep pen and a dairy stable. During the campaign, more than four hundred volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were characterized using an original combination of online and off-line measurements. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3) were the most concentrated compounds inside the buildings, followed by methanol, acetic acid and acetaldehyde. A CO2 mass balance model was used to estimate NH3 and VOC emission rates. To our knowledge, this study constitutes the first evaluation of emission rates for most of the identified VOCs. The measurements show that the dairy stable emitted more VOCs than the sheep pen. Despite strong VOC and NH3 emissions, the chemical composition of particles indicates that gaseous farm emissions do not affect the loading of fine particles inside the farm and is mainly explained by the low residence time inside the buildings. The experimental dataset obtained in this work will help to improve emissions inventories for agricultural activities.
Published: 2020

17. Experimental study of the formation of organosulfates from $\alpha$-Pinene oxidation. 2. Time evolution and effect of particle acidity

Author: Julien Kammer, Pierre-Marie Flaud, Emmanuel Geneste, Sylvie Augagneur, Houssni Lamkaddam, Geoffroy Duporté, Emilie Perraudin, Eric Villenave, Edouard Pangui, Hélène Budzinski, Aline Gratien, Jean-François Doussin, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CNRS-INSU is also acknowledged for supporting the CESAM chamber as a national instrument, ANR-13-BS06-0002,COGNAC,Impact de la chimie des biradicaux organiques atmosphériques sur la genèse d'aérosols(2013), European Project: 228335,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2008-1,EUROCHAMP-2(2009), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Anions, Aerosols, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Pinene, Ammonium sulfate, 010304 chemical physics, Acidity, Inorganic chemistry, Oxides, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Particle, Volatile organic compounds, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Organosulfate
Abstract: International audience; The present work is an extensive laboratory study of organosulfate (OS) formation from the reaction of α-pinene oxidation products or proxies with acidified ammonium sulfate aerosols in three different acidity conditions (NH$_4$)$_2$SO$_4$ 0.06 M; (NH$_4$)$_2$SO$_4$/H$_2$SO$_4$ 0.06 M/0.005 M; (NH$_4$)$_2$SO$_4$/H$_2$SO$_4$ 0.03 M/0.05 M). The kinetics of the reactions of $\alpha$-pinene, $\alpha$-pinene oxide, isopinocampheol, pinanediol, and myrtenal with ammonium sulfate particles were studied using a quasi-static reactor. The reaction of $\alpha$-pinene oxide with the highly acidic ammonium sulfate particles was determined to be 7, 10, 21, and 24 times faster than for isopinocampheol, $\alpha$-pinene, pinanedial, and myrtenal, respectively, for an OS precursor concentration of 1 ppm and after 1 h reaction time. The effective rate coefficients for OS formation from $\alpha$-pinene oxide were determined to be 2 orders of magnitude higher in highly acidic conditions than for the two other acidity conditions. For $\alpha$-pinene oxide reactions with highly acidic ammonium sulfate particles, OS formation was observed to increase linearly with (i) the time of reaction up to 400 min ($r^2$= > 0.95) and (ii) α-pinene oxide gas-phase concentration. However, OS formation from $\alpha$-pinene oxide reactions with slightly acidic or pure ammonium sulfate particles was limited, with a plateau ([OS]max = 0.62 ± 0.03 $\mu$g) reached after around 15–20 min. Organosulfate dimers (m/z 401 and m/z 481) were detected not only with highly acidic particles but also with slightly acidic and pure ammonium sulfate particles, indicating that oligomerization processes do not require strong acidity conditions. Dehydration products of organosulfates ($m/z$ 231 and $m/z$ 383) were observed only under highly acidic conditions, indicating the key role of H$_2$SO$_4$ on the dehydration of organosulfates and the formation of olefins in the atmosphere. Finally, this kinetic study was completed with simulation chamber experiments in which the mass concentration of organosulfates was shown to depend on the available sulfate amount present in the particle phase ($r^2$ = 0.96). In conclusion, this relative comparison between five organosulfate precursors shows that epoxide was the most efficient reactant to form organosulfates via heterogeneous gas–particle reactions and illustrates how gas–particle reactions may play an important role in OS formation and hence in the atmospheric fate of organic carbon. The kinetic data presented in this work provide strong support to organosulfate formation mechanisms proposed in part 1 ( J. Phys. Chem. A 2016, 120, 7909−7923).
Published: 2019

18. Variability of OH reactivity in the Landes maritime Pine forest: Results from the LANDEX campaign 2017

Author: Thierry Léornadis, François Truong, Emilie Perraudin, Pierre-Marie Flaud, Mohamad Al Ajami, Christophe Hecquet, Sebastien Batut, Nadine Locoge, Kenneth Mermet, Sandy Bsaibes, Stéphane Sauvage, Valérie Gros, Sebastien Dusanter, Coralie Schoemaecker, Julien Kammer, Eric Villenave, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Canopy, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Pine forest, Temperate forest, Stratification (water), biology.organism_classification, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atmospheric instability, Pinus pinaster, Environmental science, Relative humidity, Gas chromatography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Total OH reactivity measurements were conducted during the LANDEX intensive field campaign in a coniferous temperate forest located in the Landes area, south-western France, during July 2017. In order to investigate inter-canopy and intra-canopy variability, measurements were performed inside (6 m) and above the canopy level (12 m), as well as at two different locations within the canopy, using a Comparative Reactivity Method (CRM) and a Laser Photolysis-Laser Induced Fluorescence (LP-LIF) instrument. The two techniques were intercompared at the end of the campaign by performing measurements at the same location. Volatile organic compounds were also monitored at both levels with a proton transfer-time of flight mass spectrometer and online gas Chromatography instruments to evaluate their contribution to total OH reactivity, with monoterpenes being the main reactive species emitted in this Pinus pinaster Aiton dominated forest. Total OH reactivity varied diurnally, following the trend of BVOCs of which emissions and concentrations were dependent on meteorological parameters. Highest levels of total OH reactivity were observed during nights with a low turbulence (u* ≤ 0.2 m/s) leading to lower mixing of emitted species within the canopy and thus an important vertical stratification, characterized by a strong concentration gradient. By comparing the calculated OH reactivity from contributions of individually measured compounds to the measured OH reactivity, a discrepancy was seen at both heights mainly related to ambient temperature during day-time. It highlights that missing OH sinks could be due to temperature-dependent missing primary emissions or secondary products linked to a temperature-enhanced photochemistry. During night-time hours, atmospheric stability and relative humidity played a key role in the missing reactivity. Lower turbulence showed to be favourable for night-time chemistry, inducing a higher missing OH reactivity. Humid surfaces may have represented an additional sink for oxygenated compounds, escaping de facto total OH reactivity, and leading to lower or no missing OH reactivity.
Published: 2019

19. Supplementary material to 'Variability of OH reactivity in the Landes maritime Pine forest: Results from the LANDEX campaign 2017'

Author: Sandy Bsaibes, Mohamad Al Ajami, Kenneth Mermet, François Truong, Sébastien Batut, Christophe Hecquet, Sébastien Dusanter, Thierry Léornadis, Stéphane Sauvage, Julien Kammer, Pierre-Marie Flaud, Emilie Perraudin, Eric Villenave, Nadine Locoge, Valérie Gros, and Coralie Schoemaecker
Published: 2019

20. Mesures des concentrations et des flux de polluants atmosphériques

Author: Benjamin Loubet, Dominique Baisnee, Mathieu Cazaunau, Audrey Fortems-Cheiney, Raluca Ciuraru, Cathy Clerbaux, Jean-Francois Doussin, Gaelle Dufour, Cristian Focsa, George, C., Valérie Gros, Melynda Hassouna, Jean Luc Jaffrezo, Julien Kammer, Patricia Laville, Wahid Mellouki, Maurice Millet, Denis Petitprez, Etienne Quivet, Nathalie Redon, Roland Sarda-Estève, Stéphane Sauvage, Gaëlle UZU, Eric Villenave, Nora Zannoni, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bedos, C., Génermont, S., Castell, J.F., Cellier, P., Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS - CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Durivault, Anaïs
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Published: 2019

21. Ozone production in a maritime pine forest in water-stressed conditions

Author: D. Garrigou, Julien Kammer, Eric Lamaud, Pierre-Marie Flaud, Eric Villenave, Emilie Perraudin, J.M. Bonnefond, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Daytime, ozone production, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Water stress, Pine forest, Eddy covariance, Growing season, 010501 environmental sciences, maritime pine, Residual, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, ozone fluxes, chemistry.chemical_compound, Flux (metallurgy), chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, eddy covariance, Environmental science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; During two growing seasons of a maritime pine stand, in 2014 and 2015, ozone (O-3) fluxes have been determined using the eddy covariance (EC) method and compared to the outputs of a big-leaf O-3 deposition model including stomatal, cuticular and soil pathways. The model developed in this study generally allowed to properly reproduce the measured ozone deposition. Ozone fluxes showed a strong reduction during two water stressed periods in September 2014 and July 2015. The model partly explain this fall due to the reduction of stomatal deposition. Despite this stomatal closure, measured O-3 fluxes presented systematically lower negative values than the model outputs, and sometimes even positive values around midday during periods marked by strong water stress. In other words, the difference between observed and modelled O-3 fluxes (hereinafter referred to as the residual O-3 flux) is systematically positive on daytime during these water-stressed periods. This positive residual flux traduced the existence of an O-3 source below the flux measurement level, responsible for positive fluxes that counterbalance deposition fluxes. We developed an O-3 production module based on a terpene emission algorithm and an OH concentration proxy, to try to explain the observed ozone production. As this parametrisation allowed us to reproduce well the daily and inter-daily dynamics of the residual O-3 flux, it confirms that the latter actually resulted from O-3 production processes. This ozone production is here highlighted for the first time using O-3 fluxes measurements by the EC method. The chemical reactions possibly involved in O-3 production processes in this maritime pine forest have been discussed and different mechanisms are proposed, based on peroxy radicals chemistry or stress-induced BVOCs.
Published: 2019

22. Comparative study of biogenic volatile organic compounds fluxes by wheat, maize and rapeseed with dynamic chambers over a short period in northern France

Author: Brigitte Durand, Julien Kammer, Olivier Zurfluh, Raluca Ciuraru, Alain Fortineau, Olivier Fanucci, Sandy Bsaibes, Jean Christophe Gueudet, Benjamin Loubet, Christophe Boissard, Pascal Duprix, François Truong, Céline Decuq, Pauline Buysse, Florence Lafouge, Valérie Gros, Lais Gonzaga Gomez, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), region Ile-de-France (DIM R2DS, Developpement soutenable Reseau francilien de Recherche stir le Developpement Soutenable) 1656, ADEME (COV3ER) 1562C0032, ANR 11-INBS-0001, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: BVOC, Atmospheric Science, volatile organic compound, Rapeseed, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], rapeseed, 010501 environmental sciences, maize, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, wheat, biogenic volatile organic compound, Volatile organic compound, Relative humidity, Isoprene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, chemistry.chemical_classification, VOC, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, PTR-MS, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Photosynthetically active radiation, Environmental chemistry, automated dynamic chamber, Environmental science
Abstract: Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) are mainly emitted from vegetation. However there is still little information on BVOC exchanges with crops. In this study we measured fluxes of BVOC from wheat, maize and rapeseed crops near Paris at the plant level during a full-week period for each species. We used dynamic automated chambers coupled to a Proton Transfer Reaction, Quadrupole ion guide, Time of Flight mass spectrometer (PTR-Qi-Tof-MS) instrument for online measurements of BVOC. Our results confirm the hypothesis that many unexplored compounds contribute to BVOC exchanges between crops and the atmosphere, although for all plant species methanol was dominating the emissions (55–85% of the sum of the BVOC exchanges fluxes on a mass basis) followed by acetone and acetaldehyde. The 10 most exchanged compounds, excluding methanol, contributed more than 50% of the summed fluxes and the 100 most exchanged contributed to more than 90%. The summed BVOC emission and deposition presented large interspecies variations, but limited intra-species variability, with a summed net flux of 0.11 ± 0.02 μgBVOC gDW−1 h−1 for maize, 1.5 ± 0.7 μgBVOC gDW−1 h−1 for wheat, and 9.1 ± 2.4 μgBVOC gDW−1 h−1 for rapeseed. The 10 most emitted compounds were mostly emitted during the day and were correlated with both photosynthetically active radiation and temperature and anti-correlated with relative humidity. This study provides the first evaluation so far of the biosphere-atmosphere fluxes for several BVOC. In particular we provide a first evaluation of standard emission factor for isoprene and monoterpene for wheat and rapeseed at their respective growth stages. This study is however limited to a week period at a given stage for each species and at the plant level.
Published: 2019

23. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) reactivity related to new particle formation (NPF) over the Landes forest

Author: Pierre-Marie Flaud, Eric Villenave, A. Chazeaubeny, Julien Kammer, Eric Lamaud, Raluca Ciuraru, Emilie Perraudin, Emmanuel Geneste, K. Le Menach, Hélène Budzinski, J.M. Bonnefond, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), and AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, 010501 environmental sciences, Landes forest, 01 natural sciences, Gas phase, chemistry.chemical_compound, Foret, Cloud condensation nuclei, BVOCs, Air quality index, Field campaign, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Changement climatique, Atmosphere, Diurnal temperature variation, Particulates, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, chemistry, Landes - France, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Monoterpenes, Environmental science, Nighttime NPF, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Oxidation products
Abstract: International audience; Atmospheric particles play a major role in both air quality and climate change. Formation of secondary particles in the atmosphere has been observed over many different environments and is believed to provide up to half of the atmospheric cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at a global scale. However, high uncertainties are still remaining in the description of mechanisms involved in new particle formation (NPF). Especially, more evidences of the implication of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in NPF from field studies are still needed. To investigate this question, two field campaigns have been set up during July 2014 and July 2015, in the French Landes forest (south west of France). Summer 2015 was characterized by a strong hydric stress, whereas summer 2014 was rainy. In 2015, frequent nocturnal NPF was observed, reaching a frequency of occurrence of similar to 55% of the nights, while only one event was observed in 2014. In July 2015, monoterpene mixing ratios (dominated by alpha- and beta-pinene) were higher, mostly due to high ambient temperatures and drought. A focus was made on the 2015 field campaign, where NPF was mostly observed. The mean diurnal variation of the ratio between alpha- and beta-pinene mixing ratios highlighted in-canopy reactivity of monoterpenes with ozone in the early night. This hypothesis was reinforced by the increasing gas phase levels of pinonaldehyde and nopinone, the main first-generation products arising from alpha- and beta-pinene ozonolysis, at night, before NPF started. It strongly suggests that monoterpene oxidation further generated very-low volatility gases involved in NPF. This finding is also supported by the high concentrations of the SOA traditional biogenic tracers, e.g. pinic and pinonic acids, quantified in the particulate phase. The role of BVOCs in NPF is thus highlighted, as well as the importance of nighttime NPF.
Published: 2020

24. Impact of parameterization choices on the restitution of ozone deposition over vegetation

Author: Aurélie Le Morvan-Quéméner, Patrick Stella, Eric Lamaud, Benjamin Loubet, Isabelle Coll, Erwan Personne, Julien Kammer, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Laboratoire inter-universitaire des systèmes atmosphèriques ( LISA ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère ( ISPA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine ( Bordeaux Sciences Agro ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Université Paris Saclay, and Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires ( SADAPT )
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Stomatal conductance, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Air pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Ozone dry deposition, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, 11. Sustainability, medicine, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, Pollutant, Vegetation, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], 15. Life on land, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, 13. Climate action, CHIMERE
Abstract: Ozone is a potentially phyto-toxic air pollutant, which can cause leaf damage and drastically alter crop yields, causing serious economic losses around the world. The VULNOZ (VULNerability to OZone in Anthropised Ecosystems) project is a biology and modeling project that aims to understand how plants respond to the stress of high ozone concentrations, then use a set of models to (i) predict the impact of ozone on plant growth, (ii) represent ozone deposition fluxes to vegetation, and finally (iii) estimate the economic consequences of an increasing ozone background the future. In this work, as part of the VULNOZ project, an innovative representation of ozone deposition to vegetation was developed and implemented in the CHIMERE regional chemistry-transport model. This type of model calculates the average amount of ozone deposited on a parcel each hour, as well as the integrated amount of ozone deposited to the surface at the regional or country level. Our new approach was based on a refinement of the representation of crop types in the model and the use of empirical parameters specific to each crop category. The results obtained were compared with a conventional ozone deposition modeling approach, and evaluated against observations from several agricultural areas in France. They showed that a better representation of the distribution between stomatal and non-stomatal ozone fluxes was obtained in the empirical approach, and they allowed us to produce a new estimate of the total amount of ozone deposited on the subtypes of vegetation at the national level.
Published: 2018

25. LANDEX – Linking in canopy volatile organic compound reactivity to nocturnal new particle formation

Author: Julien Kammer, M Flaud, P., Jean-Marc Bonnefond, Didier Garrigou, Perraudin, E., Eric Lamaud, Eric VILLENAVE, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2016

26. Remobilisation des radionucléides sous forme d’aérosols primaires et secondaires par vent faible à partir de couverts naturels (projet REMORA) : une nouvelle voie de transfert vers l’atmosphère

Author: Maro, D., Aulagnier, C., Jean-Marc Bonnefond, Yves Brunet, Barbara D'Anna, Frédéric Delmas, M Flaud, P., Floriani, M., Didier Garrigou, Hébert, D., Julien Kammer, Laguionie, P., Eric Lamaud, Morillon, M., Perraudin, E., Pellerin, G., Solier, L., Villenave, E., Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), EDF CIDEN, Partenaires INRAE, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2016

27. LANDEX-Episode zero : First observations of secondary organic aerosol formation from the landes forest (France)

Author: Julien Kammer, M Flaud, P., Jean-Marc Bonnefond, Didier Garrigou, Perraudin, E., Eric Lamaud, Eric VILLENAVE, ProdInra, Migration, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience

28. Characterization of Total OH Reactivity in a Rapeseed Field: Results from the COV3ER Experiment in April 2017

Author: Raluca Ciuraru, Nora Zannoni, Benjamin Loubet, Sandy Bsaibes, Lais Gonzaga Gomez, Christophe Boissard, Valérie Gros, François Truong, Roland Sarda-Esteve, Florence Lafouge, Dominique Baisnée, Pauline Buysse, Julien Kammer, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Paris (UP), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, AgroParisTech, University College Cork (UCC), ADEMECOV3ER1562C0032, ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), European Project: 674911,H2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015,IMPACT(2016), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Rapeseed, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Analytical chemistry, Fraction (chemistry), 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), lcsh:QC851-999, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Reactivity (chemistry), biogenic VOCs, Isoprene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Acetaldehyde, CRM-PTRMS, crops, 3. Good health, chemistry, Hydroxyl radical, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, OH reactivity, PTRQi-ToFMS
Abstract: Croplands remain poorly studied ecosystems in terms of total hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity, especially when compared to forests. As part of the COV3ER project, total OH reactivity (ROH), defined as the total loss rate of OH due to its reaction with reactive species in the atmosphere, was characterized in a rapeseed field (Grignon, France) during the blooming season in April 2017. Measurements were performed in a dynamic chamber as well as in ambient air using the Comparative Reactivity Method (CRM). Complementary measurements of organic (including a proton transfer reaction quadrupole ion&ndash, time of flight mass spectrometry, PTRQi-ToFMS) and inorganic compounds were also performed in order to calculate the expected OH reactivity and evaluate the missing fraction. Measured ROH varied diurnally in the dynamic chamber (mROHchamber) with maxima around 20 to 30 s&minus, 1 at midday and minima during dark hours, following the variability of the enclosed branch VOCsrapeseed, which is light- and temperature-dependent. Oxygenated VOCs were the major compounds emitted by the rapeseed crop. However, in terms of contribution to OH reactivity, isoprene accounted for 40% during the daytime, followed by acetaldehyde (21%) and monoterpenes (18%). The comparison between mROHchamber and calculated ROH (cROHchamber) exhibited little or no difference during dark hours, whereas a maximum difference appeared around midday, highlighting a significant missing fraction (46% on average during daytime) mainly related to biogenic temperature- and/or light-dependent emissions.
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28 results on '"Julien Kammer"'

1. Monoterpene Chemical Speciation with High Time Resolution Using a FastGC/PTR-MS: Results from the COV3ER Experiment on Quercus ilex

2. Characterization of Total OH Reactivity in a Rapeseed Field: Results from the COV3ER Experiment in April 2017

3. Presence of siloxanes in the ambient air of urban Paris during the ACROSS field campaign

4. In situ VOC measurements in the center of Paris under local biogenic influence ( Spring- Summer 2022)

5. Formation of secondary organic aerosol from sitka spruce emissions

6. Aerosol complex refractive index retrieval in the Paris urban area and its forested surroundings during the ACROSS field campaign: variability and constraint for direct radiative effect estimation in regional models

7. Analysis of Emissions from Cattle Slurry using Time of FlightChemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (TOF-CIMS)

8. New Particle Formation at a Mixed Peri-Urban and Agricultural Site

9. Effect of senescence on biogenic volatile organic compound fluxes in wheat plants

10. Atmospheric reactivity of biogenic volatile organic compounds in a maritime pine forest during the LANDEX episode 1 field campaign

11. Volatile organic compound fluxes over a winter wheat field by PTR-Qi-TOF-MS and eddy covariance

12. Supplementary material to 'Volatile organic compound fluxes over a winter wheat field by PTR-Qi-TOF-MS and eddy covariance'

13. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of VOCs emitted from cellulose acetate movie films by PTR-ToF-MS

14. Characterization of gaseous and particulate phase organic compounds during a winter-time air pollution event

15. Measuring Air Pollutant Concentrations and Fluxes

16. Characterization of particulate and gaseous pollutants from a French dairy and sheep farm

17. Experimental study of the formation of organosulfates from $\alpha$-Pinene oxidation. 2. Time evolution and effect of particle acidity

18. Variability of OH reactivity in the Landes maritime Pine forest: Results from the LANDEX campaign 2017

19. Supplementary material to 'Variability of OH reactivity in the Landes maritime Pine forest: Results from the LANDEX campaign 2017'

20. Mesures des concentrations et des flux de polluants atmosphériques

21. Ozone production in a maritime pine forest in water-stressed conditions

22. Comparative study of biogenic volatile organic compounds fluxes by wheat, maize and rapeseed with dynamic chambers over a short period in northern France

23. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) reactivity related to new particle formation (NPF) over the Landes forest

24. Impact of parameterization choices on the restitution of ozone deposition over vegetation

25. LANDEX – Linking in canopy volatile organic compound reactivity to nocturnal new particle formation

26. Remobilisation des radionucléides sous forme d’aérosols primaires et secondaires par vent faible à partir de couverts naturels (projet REMORA) : une nouvelle voie de transfert vers l’atmosphère

27. LANDEX-Episode zero : First observations of secondary organic aerosol formation from the landes forest (France)

28. Characterization of Total OH Reactivity in a Rapeseed Field: Results from the COV3ER Experiment in April 2017

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28 results on '"Julien Kammer"'

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