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1. La misión franco-boliviana «Paleoambiente y Arqueología del río Guaquira-Tiwanaku (Bolivia)»: un estudio multidisciplinario de las interacciones entre las sociedades antiguas y el medioambiente

Author: Marc-Antoine Vella, Sofía Sejas, Karen Lucero Mamani, Luis Alejandro Rodríguez, Ramiro Bello Gómez, Claudia Rivera Casanovas, José Menacho Céspedes, Jaime Argollo, Stéphane Guédron, Élodie Brisset, Gregory Bièvre, Christelle Sanchez, Julien Thiesson, Roger Guérin, Katerina Escobar, Teresa Ortuño, and Paz Núñez-Regueiro
Subjects: Bolivia, Archaeology, Tiwanaku, Palaeoenvironment, Latin America. Spanish America, F1201-3799, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract: The Franco-Bolivian Mission “Palaeoenvironment and Archaeology of the Guaquira –Tiwanaku River” tries to restore the evolution of the landscape in contact with one of the most emblematic cultures of the Andes. The Tiwanakota culture developed on the shores of Lake Titicaca at the end of the second millennium BC and disappears between 1100 and 1200 AD following a drought that would have affected the entire Altiplano. In this essay we present the methodology and the work in progress. It is designed to allow scholars to better understand the interactions between the Tiwanakota culture and the immediate environment surrounding the monumental archaeological site.
Published: 2018
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2. Magnetic Viscosity for Cyclostratigraphic Logging of Argillaceous Sediment

Author: Alain Tabbagh, Emilia Huret, Julien Thiesson, and Bruno Galbrun
Subjects: Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Magnetic susceptibility (MS) is currently used as a directly representative proxy for the study of climatic variations, and for cyclostratigraphic studies. It depends on the concentration of magnetic minerals in the rocks, but does not allow identifying the magnetic minerals. In the case of argillaceous sediments, the paramagnetism of clay particles often plays a major role in determining the magnitude of their magnetic susceptibility, while the presence of ferrimagnetic iron oxides or sulfides cannot be assessedusing susceptibility measurements alone. Among the different methods that can be used to detect ferrimagnetic particles magnetic viscosity (MV) characterizing the delay corresponding to the acquisition or loss of induced magnetization, has the same advantages as MS. Itsmeasurement is direct, rapid and has been proven to be very efficient in detecting the presence of secondary ferrimagnetic minerals in soils. A MV measurement technique was tested on cores taken from a borehole, in Callovian-Oxfordian formations in the eastern Paris Basin (France) (Fig. 1). Although the MV values are very small, they have cyclic variations of which strongest values are found at the base of the Lower Oxfordian. These values, when correlated to MS,Gamma Ray (GR) and a sequential interpretation of a borehole drilled close-by are found to be associated with the maximum clay fraction in the core samples, a MS maximum, and a major transgression event. Consequently, a significant increase in ferrimagnetic minerals can be associated with this event.
Published: 2009
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3. New approach to evaluate the intensity of ancient human activities, based on organic matter characteristics using Rock-Eval® thermal analysis

Author: Marie-Liesse Aubertin, Oscar Pascal Malou, Manuel Arroyo-Kalin, Umberto Lombardo, Tiphaine Chevallier, Priscia Oliva, Frédéric Delarue, Julien Thiesson, Katell Quenea, David Sebag, and Geoffroy de Saulieu
Abstract: Archaeological anthrosols constitute a heritage of long-term carbon storage and soil fertility. Their anthropogenic features are affected by the type and intensity of ancient human activities. Human activities can follow a gradation of disturbance intensity, with lower intensity related to a weak human pollution of natural soil, and stronger intensity related to anthropogenic materials inputs (e.g. refuse pits). Soil properties are indeed deeply modified by the addition of objects (e.g. bones, ceramic) and of organic matter with distinct chemical composition and biological stability (e.g. charcoal). The aim of the study was to establish a new analytical approach to distinguish intensities of human activities, based on organic matter characteristics. To this end, we studied intertropical soil profiles (0-120 cm) from Cameroon, Brazil and Bolivia, with spatial or temporal intensity variations of human activities. We used standard compositional parameters (hydrogen index, HI, and oxygen index, OI) and advanced thermal parameters (I-index and R-index) from Rock-Eval® pyrolysis, as well as magnetic susceptibility, to characterize anthrosols.Results demonstrated the potential of Rock-Eval® pyrolysis parameters to identify human activities changes. First, the deviation of I-index (delta-I) between our samples and a reference value from natural sites informed about the intensity of human impacts, allowing for the distinction between artificial infilling of refuse pits and soil profiles with no or few human impacts. Second, positive HI:OI correlation established the importance of charcoal as main organic C source. The magnetic susceptibility informed about the presence of burnt soils in a Brazilian and one of the Bolivian sites. The combination of all these parameters, when represented with soil depth, allowed for the estimation of temporal changes in Brazilian and Bolivian sites. The topsoils were similar for all sites, relative to a low intensity of human activities or to the resumption of natural pedogenesis, thereby alleviating the effects of ancient human activities on organic matter characteristics. In contrast, the subsoils exhibited higher intensities of ancient human activities, with even higher values of intensities in Bolivian sites, thereby evidencing the long-term conservation of their effects on organic matter characteristics.To conclude, anthropogenic activities may durably affect organic matter characteristics in tropical sites, even after several centuries. Beyond being of interest for archaeological research, this new approach raises questions about the long-term consequences of our current human activities.
Published: 2023
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4. Optimisation of an ERT acquisition for soil-plant interaction in presence of biochar

Author: Marco D. Vasconez-Maza, Julien Thiesson, Roger Guerin, Frederic Delarue, Aida Mendieta, and Damien Jougnot
Abstract: In the mitigating strategies of human impact on environments, the biochar addition to shallow soil horizon represents a promising way among the existing Carbon Dioxide Removal technique. This study is part of a project that aims at evaluating the impact of the presence of biochar in soils on the growth of roots. Geophysical techniques are a good candidate for non-invasive investigation and field monitoring. Among the existing techniques, Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) has already shown great potential for detecting the presence and growth of roots in agricultural soils.In this study, our goal is to test whether ERT is able to track changes in root growth in a technosol. The field experiment takes place on a setup consisting of 20 plots of 2 meters by 3 meters where the first 0.3 meters were disturbed and for half of them biochar has been incorporated (ca. 2% wt.). As we are expecting 3D effect on this specific field (effects of the limits of the plot, effects of the roots), we design a numerical study to determine the best experimental setup for a 2D ERT profile using pyGIMLi, an open-source software library for geophysical inversion.We conducted several numerical simulations to determine the optimal dimensions of a meshed body, which was considered as a semi-infinite space, to simulate profiles of 48 and 96 electrodes separated by 0.1 meters. Field measurements on plots with and without biochar showed electric resistivity values of 45 ohm m and 56 ohm m, respectively, suggesting that ERT might be able to detect the biochar presence. Using this information, we focus our numerical simulations on a suitable configuration to assess the effect of biochar onto root growth.
Published: 2023
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5. Mapping Archaeological Features and/or Removing Disturbances

Author: Carole Fossurier, Alexandre Beylier, François-Xavier Simon, Alain Tabbagh, and Julien Thiesson
Subjects: Archeology, Electromagnetic system, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Archaeology, Signal, Computer Science::Databases, Geology
Abstract: – Effects of metallic bodies depend on the frequencies used in electromagnetic measurement. – Archaeological features in the vicinity of metallic artefacts can be mapped. – An electromagnetic system can be used to detect non-ferrous metallic features.
Published: 2021
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6. Electromagnetic Mapping of Pasargadae (Fars Province, Iran): Feedback from the 2017–2018 Fieldwork

Author: Christelle Sanchez, Julien Thiesson, Sébastien Gondet, Kourosh Mohammadkhani, ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-FRAL-0011,PARADISE,Les résidences achéménides et leurs 'paradis': archéologie du paysage entre Perse et Caucase(2016)
Subjects: Archeology, 060101 anthropology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 060102 archaeology, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Electromagnetic devices, 0601 history and archaeology, Center (algebra and category theory), 06 humanities and the arts, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Seismology, Geology
Abstract: – Recent geophysical data on the large Achaemenid center of Pasargadae in South Iran. – New data on the layout and geomorphology of the site. – Feedback focusing on the implementation of two GF Instruments CMD electromagnetic devices.
Published: 2021
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7. Magnetic and EMI prospection in a disturbed environment: the case of the Saint Brice/ Ecouen (Val d'Oise, France) pottery workshop

Author: Michel Dabas, Rémi Guadagnin, Danièle Lambert, Alain Tabbagh, Julien Thiesson, Archéologie et Philologie d'Orient et d'Occident (AOROC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, Pottery workshop, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Kiln, Remanent Magnetization, SAINT, 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Magnetic susceptibility, Prospection, Remanence, 0601 history and archaeology, Pottery, Archaeological feedback, Geology, magnetic and EM disturbances, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; – Detection of kilns within pottery workshops.– Comparison of EM and magnetic results.– Detection with EM disturbances.
Published: 2021
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8. Les Jardins de l’Archevêché in Bourges: How Geophysics Can Help to Evaluate the Archaeological Potential of Urban Land

Author: Audrey Burzawa, Ludovic Bodet, Camille Lanéelle, Amélie Laurent, Julien Thiesson, Mélanie Fondrillon, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, business.industry, Geomatics, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Geophysics, Urban land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Geotechnics, business, Geology, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Geophysical prospecting
Abstract: International audience; – How geophysical data can inform the archaeological potential of urban land.– How geophysical prospecting strategies can be adapted to urban contexts.– How geophysical prospecting setups and results can be constrained with geotechnics and geomatics
Published: 2021
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9. The Case for Considering Polarization in the Interpretation of Electrical and Electromagnetic Measurements in the 3 kHz to 3 MHz Frequency Range

Author: Damien Jougnot, B. Souffaché, Alexis Maineult, Alain Tabbagh, Julien Thiesson, Fayçal Rejiba, C. Finco, Cyril Schamper, Christian Camerlynck, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Spectral induced polarisation, Geophysical prospection, Effective permittivity, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Induced polarization, Electromagnetic induction, Computational physics, Geophysics, Intermediate frequency, Geochemistry and Petrology, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, [3 kHz–3 MHz] frequency range, Range (statistics), Electrical polarization, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Usually, in situ electrical polarization measurements (in geophysical prospection referred to as induced polarization or spectral induced polarization (SIP)) are carried out at frequencies below 1 kHz. These techniques have mainly been used for mining exploration, followed by a larger panel of environmental applications. However, in this ultra low and extremely low-frequency domain, the duration of each individual measurement is long, i.e., typically several tens of minutes for a single full SIP spectrum down to the mHz range. This restriction makes it unrealistic to implement high-density measurement mapping campaigns over large areas, which would otherwise be possible at higher frequencies. In the intermediate frequency range [3 kHz–3 MHz], laboratory studies of soil and rock samples have shown that they can be strongly polarized notably in the presence of clays, and this property has been confirmed by several in situ mapping experiments using electromagnetic induction in the time and frequency domains (FDEM and TDEM), as well as by an electrostatic method (often named capacitive-coupled resistivity or CCR). The present paper recalls these results in an effort to promote polarization measurements at intermediate frequencies and to emphasize the importance of measuring this phenomenon.
Published: 2021
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10. WG3_T2.3_Review if integration of methods

Author: Julien Thiesson and Nikos Papadopoulos
Abstract: Report exploringthe meaning and possibilities of data integration and to propose some path which can be taken by the SAGA group to go further.
Published: 2020
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11. La misión franco-boliviana «Paleoambiente y Arqueología del río Guaquira-Tiwanaku (Bolivia)»: un estudio mult

Author: Karen Lucero Mamani, Christelle Sanchez, Ramiro Bello Gómez, Elodie Brisset, Sofía Sejas, Teresa Ortuño, Roger Guérin, José Menacho Céspedes, Stéphane Guédron, Grégory Bièvre, J. Argollo, Katerina Escobar, Julien Thiesson, Paz Núñez-Regueiro, Claudia Rivera Casanovas, Luis Alejandro Rodríguez, and Marc-Antoine Vella
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: La mision franco-boliviana «Paleoambiente y Arqueologia del rio Guaquira-Tiwanaku» intenta restituir la evolucion del paisaje al contacto de una de las culturas mas emblematicas de los Andes. La cultura Tiwanakota se desarrollo en las orillas del Lago Titicaca al final del segundo milenio antes de nuestra era y desaparecio entre 1100 y 1200 d. C. tras una sequia que afecto el conjunto del Altiplano. Presentamos aqui la metodologia y los trabajos en curso en la cuenca hidrografica y que permitiran entender mejor las interacciones entre la cultura Tiwanakota y el medioambiente inmediato del sitio arqueologico monumental.
Published: 2018
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12. Characterization of buried cables and pipes using electromagnetic induction loop-loop frequency-domain devices

Author: A. Chevalier, Michel Dabas, Julien Thiesson, and Alain Tabbagh
Subjects: Materials science, Field (physics), Acoustics, Fast Fourier transform, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic induction, Conductor, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, EMI, Frequency domain, Sensitivity (control systems), Magnetic dipole, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The detection and characterization of buried cables and metal pipes has become a key component of field surveys carried out prior to excavation work on construction sites. The very high conductivity and magnetic permeability contrast between any buried cables/pipes compared with the soil makes electromagnetic induction (EMI) instruments very useful for their detection. We have developed a seminumerical method that can be used to model the responses of this type of target. A straight horizontal conductor is equivalent to a series of magnetic dipoles, the magnitude of which can be determined in the spectral domain and then converted back into the spatial domain through the use of an inverse fast Fourier transform. Simulations and case studies allow to establish rules of thumb for the estimation of (1) the nature of the metal: the in-phase response of magnetic cables is of the opposite sign from the conducting ones, (2) the sensitivity to the target characteristic: the influence of the cable/pipe diameter is greater than that of the metal properties, and (3) the depth of the cables. The simulations also underline the role of the coil configuration: Vertical coplanar and perpendicular responses allow a more precise location of the cable/pipe, whereas the horizontal coplanar response is less dependent on the orientation. As ground truth, a known electric cable buried at a depth of 0.5 and 0.002 m in diameter is determined at 0.56 m. The first field test is related to the detection of a buried military cable from World War I, between 2.5 and 3 m below the original ground level. The second field test is related to the detection of a water pipe 0.35 m deep. The modeling technique can be applied to all EMI prospecting methods, and thus it opens the way to the correction of the disturbances generated by cables and pipes.
Published: 2018
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13. De nouvelles perspectives pour les applications des méthodes électromagnétiques basse fréquence en archéologie

Author: Alain Tabbagh, Guillaume Hulin, François-Xavier Simon, Joachim Rimpot, Julien Guillemoteau, Julien Thiesson, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Potsdam, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: Physics, Conductivité électrique, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, Susceptibilité magnétique complexe, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Dielectric permittivity, Inversion, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Electromagnetic survey, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Permittivité diélectrique, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Electrical conductivity, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Complex magnetic susceptibility, Prospection électromagnétique, Humanities, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The low-frequency electromagnetic method (or EMI for ElectroMagnetic Induction), at the crossroads of the magnetic, electrical and GPR methods, offers many possibilities of development but is also limited by important technical constraints. In spite of instrumental developments initiated during the sixties, their use has long been limited in archaeology to the mapping of apparent electrical conductivity and/or magnetic susceptibility over restricted areas or with wide mesh sampling strategies. Since the end of the 2000s, due to their application in soil science, EMI methods have been widely diffused. Multi-coils and multi-frequency systems have replaced single-frequency and single-receiver devices, then opening up new perspectives in terms of 3D spatial characterization of buried features but also in terms of soil properties analysis. The development of towed systems allowed application to landscape archaeology. This technical advance, which has been expressed in terms of amount of measurement, has prevailed over in-depth theoretical work nowadays illustrated by data inversion and analyses of sensitivity to the different geophysical properties. These two specific points, however, open up the soundness perspectives to future applications. We will discuss the instrumental limitations to which these applications face and which are often neglected by practitioners. We will also present the results of 1D and 3D modelling.; La méthode électromagnétique basse fréquence (ou EMI pour ElectroMagnetic Induction), située à la croisée des méthodes magnétique, électrique et radar, offre de nombreuses possibilités de développement mais subit également d’importantes contraintes techniques. Malgré des développements instrumentaux initiés dans les années 60, son utilisation a longtemps été limitée en archéologie à la cartographie de la conductivité électrique apparente et/ou de la susceptibilité magnétique soit sur des surfaces restreintes soit avec des stratégies à large maille. Depuis la fin des années 2000, du fait de leur application en science du sol, les méthodes EMI se sont plus largement diffusées. Les appareils mono-fréquence et mono-récepteur ont ouvert la voie à des appareils multi-récepteurs et multi-fréquences avec des perspectives très larges en termes de caractérisation spatiale 3D des structures cartographiées comme d’analyse des propriétés physiques des sols. Le développement de systèmes tractés et automatisés a permis à cette méthode de trouver une place dans l’archéologie du paysage. Ce progrès technique, qui s’est traduit par une quantité importante de données a prévalu sur un travail théorique approfondi illustré aujourd’hui par l’inversion de données et l’analyse des sensibilités aux différentes propriétés géophysiques qui ouvrent de larges perspectives. Nous évoquerons les limites instrumentales auxquelles ces applications doivent faire face mais sont souvent négligées par les utilisateurs de ces méthodes. Nous présenterons également le résultat de modélisations 1D et 3D.
Published: 2020
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14. « Going back to Medamud : Excavation feedback on processing, interpretation and planning »

Author: Julien, Thiesson, Montserrat, Félix Relats, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut français d'archéologie orientale du Caire (IFAO), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), J. Bonsall, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Relats Montserrat, Félix
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.STU.GP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

15. New insights into prehispanic urban organization at Tiwanaku (NE Bolivia): Cross combined approach of photogrammetry, magnetic surveys and previous archaeological excavations

Author: Christelle Sanchez, Michele L. Koons, Christian Camerlynck, Eileen G. Ernenwein, Roger Guérin, Marc-Antoine Vella, Julien Thiesson, J.W. Janusek, l'Institut Français d'Etudes Anatoliennes (IFEA), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Bolivia, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Bolivie, 01 natural sciences, Archéologie, 11. Sustainability, Pyramid, Tiwanaku, 0601 history and archaeology, Digital elevation model, Magnetic survey, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 060102 archaeology, geophysics, géophysique, Orthophoto, Excavation, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, Archaeology, Combined approach, Water management system, Geography, Photogrammetry
Abstract: The prehispanic site of Tiwanaku, located in northeastern Bolivia, was the focus of many studies during the past few decades. However, much of the site remains unexplored, leaving many questions unanswered about the location of dense archaeological deposits, the nature of urban organization, and water management strategies—specifically those located in the eastern sector of the Akapana Pyramid. Orthophoto mosaics and Digital Elevation Models derived from drone imagery helped identify archaeological features and anthropogenic mounds. New magnetic survey produced with a cesium gradiometer was merged with previous surveys (fluxgate and cesium gradiometer). The integration of maps and plans from six areas of a previous archaeological investigation within a common Geographical Information System helped relate geophysical anomalies to archaeological features. Our results demonstrate a high level of urban organization associating monumental buildings to open ritual spaces and to densely populated areas during Tiwanaku IV (500–800 CE) and V (800–1100 CE). The complexity of the urban organization is also demonstrated by landscape modifications such as a complex water management system and at least three terraces that augmented the monumentality of the Akapana Pyramid This interdisciplinary approach, innovative in Bolivia, provides new insight into one of the most significant archaeological sites in the Andes.
Published: 2019
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16. Comparison between thermal airborne remote sensing, multi-depth electrical resistivity profiling, and soil mapping: an example from Beauce (Loiret, France)

Author: Isabelle Cousin, Maud Seger, Julien Thiesson, Alain Tabbagh, Hocine Bourennane, Michel Dabas, and Catherine Pasquier
Subjects: Soil map, Cambisol, Hydrogeology, Radiometer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Engineering geology, Soil science, Calcisol, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Soil water, Economic geology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: A wide variety of remote sensing and ground-based (proximal sensing) methods have been developed to describe soil physical properties and their lateral variations. Remote sensing enables the estimation of soil properties over large areas, but the information is often limited to the soil surface. Ground-based methods enable the derivation of soil properties for the whole soil column thickness, although these methods cannot be conducted over large areas. The aim of the present study is to contribute to the assessment of the efficacy of airborne thermal prospection over bare soils in soil mapping. This study focuses on a comparison between this technique, which can investigate over the whole soil column thickness after a sufficiently long transient heat exchange period, and pedological and electrical resistivity data that were recorded for three different depths of investigation. The study area is located in the Beauce region, where the soils (haplic Calcisol or calcaric Cambisol) consist of a loamy–clay layer that is 0.3 m–1.4 m thick and overlies Tertiary Beauce limestone. Thermal measurements were recorded by ARIES radiometer in December after six days of heat loss from the ground. The investigation depth could thus be considered to be larger than the thickness of the ploughed layer. Comparisons using statistical analyses between the thermal measurements, electrical resistivity, and pedological data demonstrated that: (i) the spatial organization of the thermal inertia map is similar to the spatial organization of the 0-m to 1.7-m resistivity map; and (ii) the thermal apparent inertia values are significantly different between the haplic Calcisols and the calcaric Cambisols and can thus be mapped with a high spatial resolution over large areas. The applicability of thermal prospecting in soil mapping opens up many possibilities considering the present advances in light-infrared radiometers. Beside agronomical concerns, this methodology will also facilitate progress in engineering applications, including the cross estimation of electrical and thermal properties.
Published: 2016
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17. Estimating picking errors in near-surface seismic data to enable their time-lapse interpretation on hydrosystems

Author: Damien Jougnot, Sylvain Pasquet, Marine Dangeard, Ludovic Bodet, Roger Guérin, Laurent Longuevergne, Julien Thiesson, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR‐11‐EQPX‐0011, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-EQPX-0011,CRITEX,Parc national d'équipements innovants pour l'étude spatiale et temporelle de la Zone Critique des Bassins Versants(2011)
Subjects: Regional geology, Hydrogeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Engineering geology, Hydrogeophysics, Volcanism, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Seismic wave, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Economic geology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Seismology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Environmental geology
Abstract: International audience; Time‐lapse applications of seismic methods have been recently suggested at the near‐surface scale to track hydrological properties variations due to climate, water level changes or permafrost thaw for instance. But when it comes to traveltime tomography or surface‐wave dispersion inversion, a careful estimation of the data variability associated to the picking process must be considered prior to any time‐lapse interpretation. In this study, we propose to estimate picking errors that are due to the inherent subjectivity of human operators using statistical analysis based on picking repeatability. Two seismic datasets were collected along the same profile under distinct hydrological conditions, across a granite‐micaschist contact at the Ploemeur hydrological observatory (France). Both datasets were recorded using identical equipment and acquisition parameters. A thorough statistical analysis is conducted to estimate picking uncertainties, at the 99 % confidence level, for both Pressure (P) wave first arrival time and surface‐wave phase velocity. With the suggested workflow, we are able to identify 33 % of the P‐wave traveltimes and 16 % of the surface‐wave dispersion data that can be considered significant enough for time‐lapse interpretations. In this selected portion of the data, point‐by‐point differences are highlighting important variations linked to different hydrogeological properties of the subsurface. These variations show strong contrasts with a non‐monotonous behaviour along the line, offering new insights to better constrain the dynamics of this hydrosystem.
Published: 2018
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18. Bayeux de l’Antiquité au haut Moyen Âge : approche interdisciplinaire des opérations récentes en centre-ville

Author: Grégory Schütz, Quentin Borderie, Xavier Savary, Charles-Édouard Sauvin, Julien Thiesson, and Aurélien Piolot
Published: 2018
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19. First Investigations ofIn SituElectrical Properties of Limestone Blocks of Ancient Monuments

Author: Pauline Kessouri, Alain Tabbagh, Philippe Blanc, Julien Thiesson, and Blaise Souffaché
Subjects: In situ, Archeology, History, Provenance, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Petrophysics, Dielectric permittivity, Mineralogy, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Illite, engineering, Carbonate rock, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Building construction
Abstract: In situ rapid electrostatic investigations on calcareous stones of monuments provide information that strongly correlates with the geological characteristics of the stone and proves to be efficient for provenance identification and successive restoration. With a portable device, it is now possible to scan several thousand blocks on a face of a monument in a few hours. The evolution of the religious building construction practices between the 13th and the 17th centuries is studied. From the petrophysics point of view, the results clearly indicate a marked linear correlation between electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity. This fact, which agrees with Maxwell–Wagner polarization modelling, confirms the part played by the clay content in the electric properties of the dry carbonate rocks constituting the monument stones. A first test using X-ray scattering analysis shows the part played by the relative content of illite, which is correlated with a decrease of the resistivity.
Published: 2015
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20. Multiconfiguration electromagnetic induction survey for paleochannel internal structure imaging: a case study in the alluvial plain of the River Seine, France

Author: Fayçal Rejiba, Cyril Schamper, Antoine Chevalier, Benoit Deleplancque, Gaghik Hovhannissian, Julien Thiesson, Pierre Weill, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols ( METIS ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Géosciences ( GEOSCIENCES ), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University ( PSL ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PIREN Seine research programme, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)
Subjects: [ SDU.STU.GM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy
Abstract: (IF 4.94; Q1); International audience; The La Bassée floodplain area is a large groundwater reservoir controlling most of the water exchanged between local aquifers and hydrographic networks within the Seine River basin (France). Preferential flows depend essentially on the heterogeneity of alluvial plain infilling, whose characteristics are strongly influenced by the presence of mud plugs (paleomeander clayey infilling). These mud plugs strongly contrast with the coarse sand material that composes most of the alluvial plain, and can create permeability barriers to groundwater flows. A detailed knowledge of the global and internal geometry of such paleomeanders can thus lead to a comprehensive understanding of the long-term hydrogeological processes of the alluvial plain. A geophysical survey based on the use of electromagnetic induction was performed on a wide paleomeander, situated close to the city of Nogent-sur-Seine in France. In the present study we assess the advantages of combining several spatial offsets, together with both vertical and horizontal dipole orientations (six apparent conductivities), thereby mapping not only the spatial distribution of the paleomeander derived from lidar data but also its vertical extent and internal variability.
Published: 2018
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21. La mission franco-bolivienne « Paléoenvironnement et archéologie du río Guaquira-Tiwanaku (Bolivie) » : une étude interdisciplinaire des interactions entre les sociétés anciennes et l’environnement

Author: Marc-Antoine Vella, Sofía Sejas, Karen Lucero Mamani, Luis Alejandro Rodríguez, Ramiro Bello Gómez, Claudia Rivera Casanovas, José Menacho Céspedes, Jaime Argollo, Stéphane Guédron, Élodie Brisset, Gregory Bièvre, Christelle Sanchez, Julien Thiesson, Roger Guérin, Katerina Escobar, Teresa Ortuño, Paz Núñez-Regueiro, Institut Français d'Etudes Andines (IFEA), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carrera de Arqueología y Antropología, Instituto de Arqueología y Antropología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museo Nacional de Historia Natural La Paz, Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac (MQBJC), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: lcsh:Latin America. Spanish America, Bolivia, paleoambiente, archéologie, Bolivie, lcsh:F1201-3799, Palaeoenvironment, Arqueología, paléoenvironnement, Archaeology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Tiwanaku, lcsh:H1-99, lcsh:Social sciences (General)
Abstract: International audience; The Franco-Bolivian Mission “Palaeoenvironment and Archaeology of the Guaquira –Tiwanaku River” tries to restore the evolution of the landscape in contact with one of the most emblematic cultures of the Andes. The Tiwanakota culture developed on the shores of Lake Titicaca at the end of the second millennium BC and disappears between 1100 and 1200 AD following a drought that would haveaffected the entire Altiplano. In this essay we present the methodology and the work in progress. It is designed to allow scholars to better understand the interactions between the Tiwanakota culture and the immediate environment surrounding the monumental archaeological site.; La misión franco-boliviana «Paleoambiente y Arqueología del río Guaquira-Tiwanaku» intenta restituir la evolución del paisaje al contacto de una de las culturas más emblemáticas de los Andes. La cultura Tiwanakota se desarrolló en las orillas del Lago Titicaca al final del segundo milenio antes de nuestra era y desapareció entre 1100 y 1200 d. C. tras una sequía que afectó el conjunto del Altiplano.Presentamos aquí la metodología y los trabajos en curso en la cuenca hidrográfica y que permitirán entender mejor las interacciones entre la cultura Tiwanakota y el medioambiente inmediato del sitio arqueológico monumental.; La mission franco-bolivienne « Paléoenvironnement et archéologie du río Guaquira-Tiwanaku » tente de restituer l’évolution du paysage au contact d’une des cultures les plus emblématiques des Andes. La culture Tiwanakota s’est développée sur les bords du lac Titicaca à la fin du deuxième millénaire avant notre ère et a disparu entre 1100 et 1200 après J.-C. à la suite d’une sècheresse qui aurait affecté l’ensemble de l’Altiplano. Nous présenterons ici la méthodologie et les travaux en cours sur ce bassin versant qui permettront de mieux comprendre les interactions entre la culture Tiwanakota et l’environnement immédiat du site archéologique le plus important du secteur andin.
Published: 2018
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22. 3D linear inversion of magnetic susceptibility data acquired by frequency domain EMI

Author: Michel Dabas, Alain Tabbagh, Julien Thiesson, François-Xavier Simon, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherches en Archéologie Préventive [Paris], GEOCARTA, Géocarta, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Condensed matter physics, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Inversion (meteorology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, equipment and supplies, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic susceptibility, Apparent conductivity, Geophysics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, EMI, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Frequency domain, Soil water, Measuring instrument, Frequency domain EMI, Magnetic susceptibility of soils, human activities, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 3D inversion of in-phase susceptibility measurements
Abstract: International audience; Low induction number EMI instruments are able to simultaneously measure a soil's apparent magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity. This family of dual measurement instruments is highly useful for the analysis of soils and archeological sites. However, the electromagnetic properties of soils are found to vary over considerably different ranges: whereas their electrical conductivity varies from ≤ 0.1 to ≥ 100 mS/m, their relative magnetic permeability remains within a very small range, between 1.0001 and 1.01 SI. Consequently, although apparent conductivity measurements need to be inverted using non-linear processes, the variations of the apparent magnetic susceptibility can be approximated through the use of linear processes, as in the case of the magnetic prospection technique.
Published: 2017
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23. Geophysical Investigations of a Paleochannel in the Alluvial Plain of the River Seine, France

Author: Pierre Weill, A. Chevalier, Cyril Schamper, Fayçal Rejiba, G. Hovahnnissian, Benoit Deleplancque, Julien Thiesson, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols ( METIS ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Géosciences ( GEOSCIENCES ), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University ( PSL ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Nord] ), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris ( IEES ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: Regional geology, 0209 industrial biotechnology, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Drainage basin, 02 engineering and technology, Structural basin, 01 natural sciences, [ SDU.STU.GP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Palaeochannel, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Electrical resistivity tomography, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geomorphology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [ SDU.STU.GM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, 010401 analytical chemistry, Geophysics, 6. Clean water, 0104 chemical sciences, Alluvial plain, Current (stream), Meander, [ SDU.STU.HY ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Geology
Abstract: International audience; The integrated water resources management of the La Bassée alluvial plain is a key point of the current PIREN Seine program (2015-2019), dedicated to the study of the Seine River basin. The understanding of the processes driving the rearrangement of the river network through time is an important issue linked to the hydrogeological and hydrological properties of the basin. This study focuses on a zone located 2 km west of Nogent-sur-Seine (France) in the southern part of the Seine basin. The purpose of this study is to delineate the paleo-channel geometry using geophysical methods on an area of approximately 1 ha. The meander lateral extension has been delineated by electrical conductivity measurements using electromagnetic induction system (EMI). The depth extension of the clayey layer has been constrained and estimated by means of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) on a 400 m reference profile where a series of auger soundings exist. Both data types have been inverted and interpreted in order to estimate the thickness of the clay layer formed by the paleo-Seine riverbed.
Published: 2016
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24. Integrated Geophysical Surveys of the Fort San Lorenzo, Panama, Central America

Author: R. González, M. Lezcano, R. Vanhoeserlande, M. Gómez, Fayçal Rejiba, Alexis Mojica, Muriel Llubes, Christian Camerlynck, R. Buenaño, Julien Thiesson, O. Cubilla, Louis Pastor, and B. Rangel
Subjects: Tectonics, Panama, medicine.medical_specialty, Telmatology, Vertical gradient, medicine, Stratigraphy (archaeology), Geomorphology, Archaeology, Geology, Metamorphic petrology
Abstract: The archaeological site of Fort San Lorenzo is located in the mouth of the Chagres River, Northern sector of Panama (Central America) and is one of the most important Hispanic archaeological sites of the Isthmus (17th and 18th century) because it served to protect the Chagres River-Las Cruces Trail (with the treasures from South America) from the English pirates. Two zones have been surveyed using a low-frequency multi-coil electromagnetic and magnetic (in vertical gradient configuration) devices. Maps of Zone 1 (Northeast sector) show an alignment along the surveyed area which may be linked with a trench used as a strategic military route and a boundary between the hornwork of the main structure with the external battery. Maps of Zone 2 (Central Sector) show a portion of a buried wall, possibly linked to an important structure of the Fort.
Published: 2016
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25. Slingram Frequency-domain EMI - 3D Linear Inversion of Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements

Author: A. Tabbagh, Julien Thiesson, M. Dabas, François-Xavier Simon, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Archéologie et Philologie d'Orient et d'Occident (AOROC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Celtes et Etrusques : identités, pouvoirs, échanges, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Sciences de l'Antiquité - ENS Paris (DSA ENS-PSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Dabas, Michel, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Regional geology, 0209 industrial biotechnology, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Hydrogeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Engineering geology, 010401 analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic susceptibility, 0104 chemical sciences, Computational physics, symbols.namesake, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Fourier transform, EMI, magnetic measurements, Frequency domain, symbols, 3D linear, Economic geology, Geomorphology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology
Abstract: The very limited range of magnetic permeability variations (from 1.0001 to 1.01 in relative values) that can be observed in soils allows performing 3D linear inversions. To achieve this goal, we propose to successively define a reference conductivity and susceptibility profile, apply a 2D (x, y) Fourier transform to the apparent susceptibility variations mapped by the different instrument geometries, invert in z in the spectral domain over a series of predefined layers and determine the lateral variations in each layer by inverse Fourier transform. This process is applied to both synthetic and archaeological survey data.
Published: 2016
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26. Temporal Variations of Near-surface Seismic Data at the Ploemeur (France) Hydrogeological Observatory

Author: Sylvain Pasquet, Roger Guérin, Laurent Longuevergne, Ludovic Bodet, Julien Thiesson, Marine Dangeard, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (LCEE), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Regional geology, geography, Hydrogeology, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Engineering geology, Aquifer, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Tectonics, Vadose zone, Economic geology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Igneous petrology, Geomorphology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Near-surface seismic methods are mainly used to determine the geometrical characteristics of hydrosystems (and to provide elements that are interesting for hydrogeologists such as separating aquifer layers, setting up systems boundaries, highlighting fractures etc.). Recent methodological advances suggest the high potential of seismic methods to investigate the mechanical properties of the Critical Zone (CZ), by exploiting the full wealth of seismic records. Indeed, the behavior of Shear (S) and Pressure (P) waves in the presence of water is partially decoupled, so that the ratio of their propagation velocities VP/VS is strongly linked to water saturation. We propose here a time-lapse application of this approach. Two seismic acquisitions were carried out under distinct hydrogeological conditions along the same line at the Ploemeur hydrogeological observatory (South Brittany, France). Vertical component seismic data were recorded to extract: (i) P-wave first arrival times and (ii) Rayleigh-wave phase velocities. The significant variations with time and space, of both datasets, indicate marked changes in mechanical properties of the CZ that have to be compared to soil moisture variations in the unsaturated zone and groundwater level variations.
Published: 2016
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27. First in situ tests of a new electrostatic resistivity meter

Author: Sébastien Flageul, Alain Tabbagh, Fayçal Rejiba, Michel Dabas, Julien Thiesson, Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie et Philologie d'Orient et d'Occident (AOROC), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Sciences de l'Antiquité - ENS Paris (DSA ENS-PSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field (physics), [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 21 archaeological and engineering applications, non galvanic capacitive contacts, Mineralogy, Magnitude (mathematics), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Capacitance, Geophysics, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Metre, Geotechnical engineering, electrostatic method, Resistivity logging, Sensitivity (electronics), Geology, electrical resistivity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; If field applications of the electrostatic method are limited to roughly the first ten metres due to the necessity of staying in a low-induction number domain, the possibilities it opens in urban area surveying, dry hole resistivity logging, non-destructive testing and laboratory studies of the complex resistivity justify the design of a new multi-frequency resistivity meter presenting a very low-input capacitance and high-phase sensitivity. After a first series of sample measurements in the laboratory, the new resistivity meter was tested in two different field contexts: the mapping of building remains in a Gallo-Roman archaeological site under a flat meadow and the assessment of the thickness of anthropogenic layers in a town. The first test allowed a direct comparison with previous galvanic resistivity measurements and proved a very good agreement between the magnitude and spatial distribution of electrical resistivity. The second test established its reliable measuring abilities in a disturbed environment.
Published: 2012
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28. Investigating Magnetic Ghosts on an Early Middle Age Settlement: Comparison of Data from Stripped and Non-stripped Areas

Author: Agnieszka Koziol, François-Xavier Simon, and Julien Thiesson
Subjects: Archeology, History, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, Context (archaeology), Floodplain, Significant part, Excavation, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Geophysical survey (archaeology), Threatened species, 0601 history and archaeology, Visual observation, Settlement (litigation), Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Statute laws concerning preventative archaeology adopted in France in 2001 for threatened sites required development of evaluation techniques. The common methodology used during the past 10?years has been extensive excavation. This method delivers a direct record of the discovered archaeological features and of their distribution. However, the success of visual observation can be variable, depending on geological context and the feasibility of envisaging the entire archaeological settlement from the part that is observed. We report here a case study from an early Middle Age settlement located on a floodplain. It was partially excavated and the alluvial context makes the features difficult to recognize for archaeologists. We show how the geophysical survey complemented the archaeological survey and allowed the detection of previously unrecognized features. In a second step, we compare the results of surveys with magnetic and electromagnetic methods on a topsoil stripped area and the neighbouring surface. From this analysis we conclude that a significant part of the unrecognized features discovered were present above the level of stripping. This example underlines that the practice of topsoil stripping has to be reconsidered, and should be integrated with geophysical survey to limit the potential loss of archaeological information. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: 2012
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29. Improvement of cyclostratigraphic studies by processing of high-resolution magnetic susceptibility logging: Example of PEP1002 borehole (Bure, Meuse, France)

Author: Bruno Galbrun, Pierre-Yves Collin, Julien Thiesson, Alain Tabbagh, Emilia Huret, DS/Milieu Géologique, ANDRA, Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Borehole, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mineralogy, Cyclostratigraphy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic susceptibility, Precession, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Sedimentary rock, Deconvolution, Eccentricity (behavior), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, Impulse response, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract: Logging opens wide paths for cyclostratigraphic studies of sedimentary successions. In clay-dominated rocks, magnetic susceptibility (MS) is very informative and the quality of the results can be further enhanced by deconvolution, where the deformation of the original susceptibility versus depth variation by the instrument is filtered out by its impulse response (thin layer response). This is illustrated by processing the data acquired in the PEP1002 borehole (Bure, Meuse, France) using two coils 0.25 m apart where high-frequency, 0.5 to 0.8 m, period precession cycles (21 kyr) can be identified, as well as the 2.5 to 4 m period eccentricity (95 kyr) ones.
Published: 2011
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30. Magnetic signal prospecting using multiparameter measurements: the case study of the Gallic Site of Levroux

Author: François-Xavier Simon, O. Buchsenschutz, Julien Thiesson, and Marie Petronille
Subjects: Archeology, History, Magnetization, Viscosity, Feature (archaeology), Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Prospecting, Mineralogy, Geophysics, Magnetic susceptibility, Geology, Magnetic field, Electromagnetic induction
Abstract: The ‘magnetic signal’ that combines both the induced (Ji) and the remanent (Jr) magnetization is widely used in archaeological and pedological prospecting. Magnetic prospecting recording the lateral variations of the total magnetization is the most frequently used measurement before in-phase magnetic susceptibility (Kph) and magnetic viscosity (Kqu) mapping. The work presented here brings together three types of prospecting technique: magnetic field survey and electromagnetic measurements with both frequency and time domain devices that measure magnetic susceptibility and viscosity respectively. The site studied, the Gallic town of Levroux (Indre, France), is particularly interesting because it includes features such as pits and ditches dug into the calcareous substratum partly filled with topsoil and with residues of different metallurgical and fire activities. The field results indicated anomalies with different types of characterization: (i) many compact features filled with magnetic, electrically conductive and minimally viscous materials; and (ii) elongated anomalies characterized by lower magnetic properties and electric conductivity but relatively higher magnetic viscosity than those of the compact features. In addition to the location of the features, the combination of the information brought by the different types of measurements allows us to evaluate the possible erosion of their upper parts by ploughing, to assess their depth (never deeper than 1.30 m) and to precise the nature of the feature's fill. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: 2010
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31. Interpretation of shallow electromagnetic instruments resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements using rapid 1D/3D inversion

Author: François-Xavier Simon, Julien Thiesson, Alain Tabbagh, Christophe Benech, Michel Dabas, ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GEOCARTA, Géocarta, Maison des Sciences de l'Homme de Clermont-Ferrand (MSH Clermont), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Soil resistivity and magnetic susceptibility, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, multi-depth EMI prospection, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Inversion (meteorology), Geophysics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Magnetic susceptibility, 01 natural sciences, Synthetic data, Electromagnetic induction, 1D and 3D successive inversions, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, EMI, Electromagnetic coil, Geochemistry and Petrology, archaeological prospection, Anisotropy, Geology, Remote sensing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; We have developed an inversion process of electromagnetic induction (EMI) data based on a two-step approach with 1D inversion of the entire studied surface and a fast 3D inversion applied over limited areas. This process is similar to that formerly used in resistivity prospection. For the study of soil (environmental, engineering, or archaeological explorations), low-frequency electromagnetic instruments (referred to as Slingram EMI) have highly useful specificities. They are light, are easy to move in the field, and can simultaneously measure the ground’s electric conductivity and magnetic susceptibility; they have thus been used to map these properties over large surface areas, within relatively short periods of time, and at reasonable expense. The possibility of combining several coil geometries has opened up the potential for multidepth techniques and systematic 1D inversion, which are found to be sufficiently revealing to allow larger portions of surveyed areas to be analyzed. In the “targeted areas” selected for 3D inversion, the geometries of the 3D features and the resistivity and/or susceptibility contrasts are determined. This step is based on the method of moments, where only 3D heterogeneities are meshed, and only a small number of major characteristics, such as contrast, thickness, width, etc., are sought. We first applied this process to synthetic data, then to data acquired at an experimental test site, and finally to field cases. The rapid 3D inversion complements the 1D inversion by solving a series of issues: correction for the apparent anisotropy generated by the instrument configuration, multiarched anomalies, precise location of lateral changes, and determination of the properties contrasts. Our inversion results highlighted the importance of the instrument geometry. We also have determined that apparent magnetic susceptibility data can be more appropriate for the determination of the volume of man-made features and can be highly complementary to conductivity data.
Published: 2016
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32. Une première campagne de prospection à Médamoud: méthodologie et résultats préliminaires (Mission Ifao/Paris-Sorbonne/Labex Resmed de Médamoud)

Author: Christelle Sanchez, Roger Guérin, Julien Thiesson, Félix Relats Montserrat, Zulema Barahona Mendieta, Fayçal Rejiba, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)
Subjects: Archeology, History, [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Medamud, fours à céramiques, prospection géophysique, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], geophysical survey, Médamoud, canal/channel, Bisson de la Roque, pottery kiln, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, canal
Abstract: International audience; Between 1925 and 1940, an IFAO/Louvre mission has excavated Medamud. A new project has reopened the study on site since 2011 and in 2015 has performed a ceramic and geophysical survey in order to increase our knowledge of the kom. The numerous firing wastes prove that Medamud was one of the biggest production centers in Upper Egypt. The geophysical survey has highlighted the principal remains discovered by Bisson de la Roque around the temple. Our study has been largely focused on the areas never excavated, and has proved the existence of a new artisanal district specialised on the ceramic production, a new surrounding wall and a canal/channel linking Medamud with the Nile.; Les fouilles de Médamoud se sont déroulées entre 1925 et 1940 par l’Ifao à la demande du musée du Louvre. La mission Ifao/Paris-Sorbonne/Labex Resmed de Médamoud a repris depuis 2011 les activités sur le terrain. Les résultats d’une campagne de prospection géophysique et céramologique effectuées en 2015 sont présentés ici afin d’étendre nos connaissances du site. La présence de nombreux déchets de coction assure que Médamoud était un des plus grands centres de production de céramiques en Haute Égypte. La prospection géophysique a signalé par ailleurs la présence des principaux vestiges découverts par Bisson de la Roque dans les abords du temple et a permis de comprendre un peu mieux les parties du kôm qui n’ont pas encore été fouillées. La présence d’un quartier artisanal, d’un nouveau mur de clôture et d’un canal reliant Médamoud au Nil paraît désormais assurée
Published: 2016
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33. TDEM magnetic viscosity prospecting using a Slingram coil configuration

Author: Alain Tabbagh, Sébastien Flageul, and Julien Thiesson
Subjects: Viscosity, Geophysics, Hydrogeology, Field (physics), Electromagnetic coil, Engineering geology, Mineralogy, Soil science, Sensitivity (control systems), Magnetic susceptibility, Geology, Magnetic field
Abstract: Soil magnetic properties are significantly modified by pedogenesis and human activity; consequently their study is an important source of information about soil structure and history. In addition to measurements of magnetic susceptibility, now commonly practised, magnetic viscosity measurements can be undertaken as a routine survey method if well-matched instruments that are easy to use in the field and that offer a sufficient depth of investigation, exist. A theoretical study, supported by field tests of a prototype, demonstrates that a Slingram perpendicular coil configuration with a one-metre inter-coil spacing allows the required one-metre depth of investigation to be reached for both 1D and 3D models. The sensitivity of the instrument response to the viscosity is also very high over the whole measurement range (10μs to 1ms), while the sensitivity to electrical conductivity is reduced to a minimum. A first experiment at the Roman site of Vieil-Evreux illustrates how viscosity measurements can complement magnetic field and susceptibility measurements for a more accurate identification of an archaeological feature.
Published: 2007
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34. « Reconstructing the history of Medamud’s temple (Egypt) : a pluridisciplinary approach »

Author: Sanchez, Christelle, Julien, Thiesson, Montserrat, Félix Relats, Guerin, Roger, Rejiba, Fayçal, Valbelle, Dominique, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut français d'archéologie orientale du Caire (IFAO), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etat, religion et société dans l'Egypte ancienne et en Nubie (ERSDEAN), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

35. WuMapPy, an open-source software for geophysical prospection data processing

Author: Philippe Marty, Lionel Darras, Jeanne Tabbagh, Christophe Benech, François-Xavier Simon, Julien Thiesson, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Tomasz Herbich, Iwona Zych, Benech, Christophe, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, geophysics, software, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], GN49-298, GN700-890, Prehistoric archaeology, python, Physical anthropology. Somatology, data-processing, [SDU.STU.GP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], prospection, open-source, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

36. Mapping of quadrature magnetic susceptibility/magnetic viscosity of soils by using multi-frequency EMI

Author: François-Xavier Simon, Julien Thiesson, Apostolos Sarris, Alain Tabbagh, IMS FORTH, GeoSat ReSeArch [Réthymnon], Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil magnetic susceptibility, Soil electrical conductivity, Multi-frequency, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Low induction number, Conductivity, Low frequency, Soil magnetic viscosity, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic susceptibility, Computational physics, Quadrature (astronomy), Magnetic field, Geophysics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, EMI, Electrical conductor, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Measuring magnetic viscosity significantly improves the information brought by the magnetic susceptibility about the history of soils. In the field its mapping can be achieved by TDEM measurement. Here we study the applicability of multi-frequency FDEM viscosity measurement in the low frequency range using a commercial EMI instrument. The dependence of the in-phase and quadrature out-of-phase components of the ratio of secondary magnetic field to primary magnetic field, electrical conductivity, magnetic susceptibility and magnetic viscosity is first described. The procedure allowing the determination of the three apparent properties is then proposed. It delivers first the conductivity using the differences between the quadrature responses at two different frequencies. Then, after removing the conductivity effects both in the in-phase and quadrature components, it provides the values of the magnetic susceptibility and viscosity. This procedure is tested on 1D and 3D synthetic cases to assess any arising uncertainty. The application of the method is attested in two archaeological case histories in Thessaly in conductive and magnetic soil contexts. The apparent magnetic viscosity maps are significantly different from magnetic susceptibility and conductivity maps thus bringing new information into the game.
Published: 2015
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37. Reconstructing the history of the planning of the Medamoud temple: magnetic and electromagnetic prospecting results

Author: Christelle Sanchez, Julien Thiesson, Félix Relats-Montserrat, Roger Guérin, Fayçal Réjiba, and Dominique Valbelle
Subjects: Medamoud temple, Physical anthropology. Somatology, GN49-298, magnetic and electromagnetic prospection, GN700-890, magnetic signal, Prehistoric archaeology
Published: 2015

38. Magnetic signal prospecting using multi parameter measurements

Author: Julien Thiesson, Marie Petronille, and François-Xavier Simon
Subjects: Archeology, Condensed matter physics, Magnetic domain, Chemistry, Demagnetizing field, magnetic viscosity, Geophysics, magnetic signal, Magnetic susceptibility, Physics::Geophysics, Magnetization, Paramagnetism, Magnetic anisotropy, Remanence, mapping, EMI, Saturation (magnetic), magnetic susceptibility
Abstract: The magnetic signal of soils The magnetic signal of soils is divided between remanent (Jr) and induced magnetization (Ji) The former has diverse origins (heating, magnetic viscosity, slow deposition of magnetic bulk in a magnetic field) and is proof of the undisturbed state of features. The other, Ji, is acquired in the terrestrial magnetic field and is governed by magnetic susceptibility (κ). But the behavior of this property can be complex when the gain or loss of induced magnetization is d...
Published: 2009
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39. Electrical multi-depth survey to assess soil cover spatial organization

Author: Joël Michelin, Alain Tabbagh, Solène Buvat, Yves Coquet, Julien Thiesson, Bernard Nicoullaud, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), UFR 918 Terre - environnement - Biodiversité, Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Science du Sol (Orléans) (URSols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Alex McBratney, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA - Unité Science du Sol, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: Soil map, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil cover, Soil science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Ecological succession, 15. Life on land, Spatial distribution, Soil type, 01 natural sciences, Geography, Taxon, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Spatial organization, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Geophysical technics can be a great help for soil mapping since they are non-destructive and fast. Electrical data from a 3-depth survey, usually treated as three apparent resistivity maps, are considered here as many electrical soundings with three apparent resistivity values. The study of the vertical succession of these values led to a geophysical taxonomy. Geophysical taxa mapping shows that their spatial distribution is related to pedological characteristics. Compared to a pre-existing soil map, the delineations of taxon clusters closely matched soil units boundaries and leads to the assignment to each soil type of a specific apparent electrical resistivity profile.
Published: 2014
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40. Complex Susceptibility Measurement Using Multi-frequency Slingram EMI Instrument

Author: Alain Tabbagh, Jamieson C. Donati, François-Xavier Simon, Apostolos Sarris, Julien Thiesson, Hal, Metis, IMS FORTH, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Acoustics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic susceptibility, Metamorphic petrology, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Telmatology, EMI, medicine, Petrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Complex magnetic susceptibility is a well-known property both theoretically and experimentally. To achieve this measurement, different ways have been tested, like TDEM or multi-frequential measurement on soil sample. In this study we carry out the measurements by the use of a multi-frequential EMI Slingram instrument to collect data quickly and in-situ. The use of multi-frequency data is also a way to correct effects of the conductivity on the in-phase component and effects of the magnetic susceptibility on the quadrature component of the raw signal.
Published: 2014

41. Multi-depth electrical resistivity survey for mapping soil units within two 3 ha plots

Author: Solène Buvat, Joël Michelin, Yves Coquet, Bernard Nicoullaud, Alain Tabbagh, Julien Thiesson, Hocine Bourennane, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité de Science du Sol (Orléans) (URSols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), FIRE (Federation Ile-de-France de Recherche sur l'Environnement, CNRS), Labex Voltaire ANR-10-LABX-100-01, ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), INRA - Unité Science du Sol, ANR-10-LABX-100-01/10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)
Subjects: Soil map, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, Electrical resistivity, Soil science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Spatial distribution, Soil type, Geophysical taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Spatial variability, Soil mapping, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil horizon, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Spatial analysis, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Spatial information on soils generally results from local observations that are destructive and time consuming especially in the case of heterogeneous soils. Geophysical technics can be a great help for soil mapping since they are non-destructive and fast. Large areas can be surveyed with a high density of measurements. Electrical resistivity is particularly interesting for soil study because it covers a wide range of values (several decades) and depends on many characteristics of the soil. The main objective of this paper was to study soil spatial variability using an original approach to electrical data processing. Electrical data from a 3-depth survey, usually treated as three apparent resistivity maps, were considered as many electrical soundings each with three apparent resistivity values. The study of the vertical succession of these values led to define nine reference geophysical taxa. This taxonomy relies on a parameter (α) which discriminates soil layers and is defined as the interval (in Ω m) beyond which two successive apparent resistivity values on a sounding are considered different. Geophysical taxa mapping highlighted their spatial coherence, which was related to pedological characteristics such as the presence of a clay layer or the depth of the soil profile. The comparison between the spatial distribution of geophysical taxa and a pre-existing soil map showed that the delineations of taxa clusters closely matched soil unit boundaries but were much less smooth. This method allowed the assignment to each soil type of a specific apparent electrical resistivity profile which was consistent with soil profile description. The method is straightly applicable to data from other surveys, and opens the way to the development of semi-automatic soil mapping from electrical resistivity data.
Published: 2014
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42. Calibration of frequency-domain electromagnetic devices used in near-surface surveying

Author: Pauline Kessouri, Cyril Schamper, Alain Tabbagh, Julien Thiesson, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Permittivity, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Acoustics, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Vertical electrical sounding, Geophysics, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Frequency domain, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Calibration, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, SPHERES, Electrical resistivity tomography, Electrical conductor, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: International audience; For the past forty years electromagnetic prospecting instruments have played a growing role in the mapping of soil EM properties in the very low-frequency (VLF) range for a large variety of applications and they are now beginning to be applied in the medium-frequency range. Measurement interpretations, however, necessitate expressing the results in terms of physical properties. This step allows not only comparisons and joint interpretation with data generated by different electromagnetic induction (EMI) instruments but also with other types of field measurements e. g., vertical electrical sounding (VES) or electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) or laboratory tests on samples. The calibration process here proposed is based on comparisons between the instrument responses and: (1) an exact 1D multi-layer analytical modelling that takes the three EM properties into account, i. e., the electrical conductivity, the complex magnetic susceptibility and the complex dielectric permittivity when the instrument is elevated above a layered ground; (2) the response to purely conductive metallic spheres, which only depends on the diameter of the spheres. It is applied to two instrument prototypes: one in the VLF frequency range and the other in the medium-frequency (MF) range.
Published: 2014
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43. Periglacial morphogenesis in the Paris Basin: insight from geophysical survey and consequences for the fate of soil pollution

Author: Folkert van Oort, Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoë, Médard Thiry, Julien Thiesson, Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), PESSAC LABORATORY, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UFR 918 Terre - environnement - Biodiversité, Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional de l'Ile-de-France (CRIdF), Conseil Général du Val d'Oise (CG95), Agence de l'Eau de Seine-Normandie (AESN), Syndicat Interdépartemental pour l'Assainissement de l'Agglomération Parisienne (SIAAP), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, pedology, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Weathering, engineering.material, micromorphology, 01 natural sciences, Thermokarst, geophysical method, Paleontology, Loess, pollution, periglacial, soils, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, 2. Zero hunger, geography, Eemian, geography.geographical_feature_category, Cryoturbation, cryoturbation, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Pedogenesis, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Aeolian processes, electrical mapping, Glauconite, Geology
Abstract: Geophysical survey by Automatic Resistivity Profiling (ARP©) system of the Pierrelaye–Bessancourt area revealed remarkable conductive polygon patterns of 20- to 30-m diameter detected between 0.5- and 1.7-m depth. Trenches dug down to the limestone substrate allowed detailing of the pedological and lithological units that compose such polygonal features. The patterns are formed by greenish glauconite and carbonated sand hollows where clay-rich pedological horizons bend downward, forming narrow tongs extending up to 2- to 3-m depth. Such structures were interpreted as a buried polygonal ice-wedge network (thermokarst depressions). Geometrical relationships between the lithological units and consecutive erosional surfaces allowed the identification of successive landscape events and a landscape chronology. The sequence started during the Saalian glaciation with (1) the development of patterned grounds by thermokarstic cryoturbation; (2) the consecutive deflation/erosion during post-permafrost aridity; (3) the loess and eolian sand deposits; (4) the weathering of the former deposits with development of pedogenic horizons during the Eemian interglacial; (5) the recurrent cryoturbation and thermal cracking leading to infolding of the pedogenic horizons during the Pleniglacial optimum (Weichselian); and finally (5) the erosion that levelled the periglacial microreliefs, most probably during the last glacial stage (Weichselian), leading to the modern landscape. In this agricultural area, urban waste water has been spread for more than 100 years by flooding irrigation for food crop production and has led to high levels of metal pollution in the surface horizons of the soils. The polygonal cryogenic structures have major impacts on soil hydrology and dispersion/distribution of heavy metals toward the geological substrate. Such structures are essential to consider when conceiving proposals for future soil management of this polluted area.
Published: 2013
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44. GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING INTEGRATED IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESTITUTION

Author: Quentin Vitale, Ludovic Bodet, Sylvain Pasquet, Roger Guérin, G. Schutz, C.E. Sauvin, Julien Thiesson, S. Buvat, and A. Dhemaied
Subjects: Restitution, Archaeology, Geology, Geophysical prospecting
Published: 2013
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45. Morphologies périglaciaires de la plaine de Pierrelaye (95) : apport de la géophysique et impact sur la migration des polluants

Author: Thiry, Médard, Oort Van, Folkert, Julien, Thiesson, Van Vliet-Lanoë, Brigitte, Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), PESSAC LABORATORY, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association Française d'Etude des Sols, Thiry, Médard, Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris
Subjects: sol, géophysique, Bassin de Paris, cryoturbation, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, pollution, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, paléosol, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Quaternaire
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2012

46. Morphologies périglaciaires de la plaine de Pierrelaye (95) : impacts sur la migration des polluants

Author: Folkert Van, Oort, Thiry, Médard, Julien, Thiesson, Van Vliet-Lanoë, Brigitte, PESSAC LABORATORY, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Thiry, Médard
Subjects: géophysique, périglaciaire, cryoturbation, Bassin de Paris, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, pollution, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, hydrologie, paléosol, Quaternaire
Published: 2012

47. Slingram EMI prospection: Are vertical orientated devices a suitable solution in archaeological and pedological prospection?

Author: Gabrielle Rousselle, François-Xavier Simon, Julien Thiesson, Alain Tabbagh, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Engineering, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, slingram EMI, Soil surface, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Vertical orientation, EMI, vertical geometry, Calibration, 0601 history and archaeology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, 060102 archaeology, business.industry, Horizontal orientation, electromagnetic induction, 06 humanities and the arts, calibration, Archaeology, Electromagnetic induction, Calibration coefficient, Geophysics, Prospection, business, electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility
Abstract: International audience; Electromagnetic induction (EMI) is one of the geophysical techniques widely used in soil studies, the slingram devices being held horizontally over the soil surface, i.e. with the coils located at the same height above the ground surface. Our study aims assessing the abilities of slingram devices when held vertically. 1D and 3D modelling have been achieved in order to compare the theoretical responses of vertical devices to the horizontal ones. Some comparative surveys were also undertaken in archaeological contexts to confirm the reliability of theoretical conclusions. Both approaches show that vertical slingram devices are suitable for survey and can constitute an alternative to the usual horizontal orientation. We give a table in Appendix A which contains the calibration coefficient allowing transforming of the values given by some of commercially available devices which would be advantageous to use in vertical orientation. Highlights ► We study the abilities of slingram devices when hold vertically. ► The responses of vertical and horizontal devices for 1D and 3D models are compared. ► Comparative surveys were undertaken in situ to confirm the theoretical conclusions. ► Vertical slingram devices are suitable for survey and can constitute an alternative.
Published: 2011
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48. First in Situ Test of a New Electrostatic Resistivity Meter

Author: Sébastien Flageul, Fayçal Rejiba, Julien Thiesson, M. abas, and Alain Tabbagh
Subjects: Regional geology, Hydrogeology, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Mineralogy, Metre, Economic geology, Resistivity logging, Igneous petrology, Capacitance, Geomorphology, Geology
Abstract: If field applications of the electrostatic method are limited to roughly the first ten meters due to the necessity of staying in the low induction number domain, the possibilities it opens in non-destructive testing, dry hole resistivity logging and laboratory studies of the complex resistivity justify the design of a new multi-frequency resistivity meter presenting a very low input capacitance and a high phase sensitivity. After a first series of sample measurements in laboratory, the new resistivity meter was tested in two different field contexts: the mapping of building remains in a Gallo-roman archaeological site under a flat meadow, the assessment of the anthropogenic layers thickness in a town. The first test allowed a comparison with galvanic resistivity previous measurements and proved a very good agreement between both magnitude and spatial distribution of the resistivity. The second test established its reliable measuring abilities in a very disturbed environment.
Published: 2011
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49. Detection of resistive features using towed slingram electromagnetic induction instruments

Author: Michel Dabas, Sébastien Flageul, Julien Thiesson, Archéologies d'Orient et d'Occident et Sciences des textes (AOROC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Archeology, History, Resistive touchscreen, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Orientation (computer vision), Télédétection, Acoustics, Instrumentation, Remote sensing (en), 06 humanities and the arts, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Electromagnetic induction, law.invention, Electromagnetic coil, law, Frequency domain, 0601 history and archaeology, Radar, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Feature detection (computer vision)
Abstract: Slingram frequency domain electromagnetic (FDEM) instruments allow simultaneous measurement of both magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity, which should justify their widespread use in archaeological surveying. However, this is not the case and their application remains quite limited due to: (i) a lack of knowledge about the role of coil orientation and spacing in terms of the detection abilities for archaeological features (especially for resistive bodies); and (ii) a lack of instrumentation specifically designed for shallow targets. We present here a test of a new version of the CS60 instrument (VCP coil configuration and 0.6 m intercoil spacing) for shallow depth resistive feature detection. This experiment was undertaken on the Roman site of Vieil-Evreux where a complete series of control resistivity and radar data was obtained. Detection of buried Roman walls was successful, in accordance with what can be expected from three-dimensional modelling. This confirms that the application of this type of instrument in archaeological surveys merits to be extended significantly. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: 2009

50. Magnetic properties of the French Soil Quality Network: first results

Author: Julien Thiesson, Line Boulonne, Solène Buvat, Bertrand Ortolland, Claudy Jolivet, Saby, Nicolas N., Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), InfoSol (InfoSol), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience

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