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19 results on '"Juliette Paillet"'

1. Feeder-cell-free system for ex vivo production of natural killer cells from cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells

Author

Marta Martin Corredera, Juliette Paillet, Pierre Gaudeaux, Tifanie Blein, Hanem Sadek, Pauline Rault, Asma Berriche, Jeanne Roche-Naude, Chantal Lagresle-Peyrou, Tayebeh-Shabi Soheili, Isabelle André, Ranjita Devi Moirangthem, and Olivier Negre

Subjects
natural killer (NK), cord blood (CB), hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), feeder-cell-free, cytotoxicity, immunotherapy, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

IntroductionNatural Killer (NK) cells hold significant promise as therapeutic agents in immuno-oncology due to their ability to target and eliminate cancerous and infected cells without causing graft-versus-host disease or cytokine release syndrome. However, the limited availability of robust, scalable methods for generating clinical-grade NK cells remains a limiting factor to broader clinical application.MethodsHere we report the development of a novel feeder-cell-free culture system optimized for producing NK cells from cord blood-derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Our method eliminates the need for feeder cells while achieving high yields of NK cells that exhibit unique marker expression and cytotoxic functions. Cord blood CD34+ HSPCs were cultured in our established hDLL 4 culture system and generated large numbers of human T lymphoid progenitors (ProTcells) in 7 days. ProTcells were further cultured in a hDLL4-free, feeder-cell-free system for NK cell differentiation and supplemented with cytokines. Following a 7- or 14-day culture, this method produced highly pure NK cell populations (>90% CD3–CD56+).ResultsFlow and mass cytometric analysis confirmed the expression of activating receptors, transcription factors (ID2, T-bet) and cytotoxic molecules (perforin, granzyme A/B), all essential for ProT-NK cell functionality. These cells are in an immature state, indicated by the absence of maturation markers (CD16, KIRs). Functional assays demonstrated that these ProT-NK cells are capable of degranulation and cytokines production (TNFα) upon stimulation with K562 target cells and showed cytotoxicity against K562 cells superior to that of Peripheral Blood (PB)-NK. In NSG-Tg(hIL-15) mice, ProT-NK cells colonize bone marrow, the liver, and the spleen and persist and mature in bone marrow for at least 9 days post-injection. Compared to ProT-NK D21, ProT-NK D14 was superior in functional and homing potential. In vivo, an anti-tumor assay that uses a subcutaneous K562 model has demonstrated the anti-tumor potential of ProT-NK cells.DiscussionOur ex vivo culture process supports scalable ProT-NK cell production in high yields, reducing dependency on feeder cells and mitigating contamination risks. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of generating large, functional NK cell populations from HSPCs isolated from readily available cord blood sources and offer an efficient alternative to PB-NK cell therapies.

Published
2025
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2. Formyl peptide receptor-1 (FPR1) represses intestinal oncogenesis

Author

Julie Le Naour, Léa Montégut, Yuhong Pan, Sarah Adriana Scuderi, Pierre Cordier, Adrien Joseph, Allan Sauvat, Valerio Iebba, Juliette Paillet, Gladys Ferrere, Ludivine Brechard, Claire Mulot, Grégory Dubourg, Laurence Zitvogel, Jonathan G. Pol, Erika Vacchelli, Pierre-Laurent Puig, and Guido Kroemer

Subjects
Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, chemotaxis, immunogenic chemotherapy, immunosurveillance, tumor microenvironment, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Formyl peptide receptor-1 (FPR1) is a pattern recognition receptor that is mostly expressed by myeloid cells. In patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), a loss-of-function polymorphism (rs867228) in the gene coding for FPR1 has been associated with reduced responses to chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Moreover, rs867228 is associated with accelerated esophageal and colorectal carcinogenesis. Here, we show that dendritic cells from Fpr1−/− mice exhibit reduced migration in response to chemotherapy-treated CRC cells. Moreover, Fpr1−/− mice are particularly susceptible to chronic ulcerative colitis and colorectal oncogenesis induced by the mutagen azoxymethane followed by oral dextran sodium sulfate, a detergent that induces colitis. These experiments were performed after initial co-housing of Fpr1−/− mice and wild-type controls, precluding major Fpr1-driven differences in the microbiota. Pharmacological inhibition of Fpr1 by cyclosporin H also tended to increase intestinal oncogenesis in mice bearing the ApcMin mutation, and this effect was reversed by the anti-inflammatory drug sulindac. We conclude that defective FPR1 signaling favors intestinal tumorigenesis through the modulation of the innate inflammatory/immune response.

Published
2023
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3. P1403: SI101-01 PHASE I/II STUDY EVALUATING SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF ALLOGENEIC SMART101 T-LYMPHOID PROGENITOR INJECTION TO ACCELERATE IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION AFTER T-CELL DEPLETED ALLOGENEIC HSCT

Author

Jaap Jan Boelens, Muhammad Umair Mushtaq, Joseph Mcguirk, Aurelie Bauquet, Laura Simons, Pierre Heimendinger, Pierre Gaudeaux, Isabelle Andre, Juliette Paillet, Olivier Negre, Tayebeh-Shabi Soheili, Sebastien Oster, Marcel R.M. van den Brink, Frederic Lehmann, Marina Cavazzana, and Miguel-Angel Perales

Subjects
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Published
2023
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4. P1257: SMART101 DONOR T-LYMPHOID PROGENITORS TO ACCELERATE IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION POST-HAPLOIDENTICAL PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION WITH POST-TRANSPLANT CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE: SI101-02 PHASE I/II

Author

Fabio Ciceri, Régis Peffault de Latour, Raynier Devillier, Patrizia Chiusolo, Aurelie Bauquet, Laura Simons, Pierre Heimendinger, Pierre Gaudeaux, Olivier Negre, Tayebeh-Shabi Soheili, Juliette Paillet, Isabelle Andre, Sebastien Oster, Marina Cavazzana, and Frederic Lehmann

Subjects
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Published
2023
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5. New hormone receptor-positive breast cancer mouse cell line mimicking the immune microenvironment of anti-PD-1 resistant mammary carcinoma

Author

Carlos Lopez-Otin, Christophe Klein, Chantal Desdouets, Guido Kroemer, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Jonathan Pol, Sophie Mouillet-Richard, Gautier Stoll, Isabelle Martins, Maria Perez-Lanzon, Vincent Carbonnier, Pierre Cordier, Fatima Domenica Elisa De Palma, Adriana Petrazzuolo, Floriane Arbaretaz, Khady Mangane, Helene Fohrer Ting, Juliette Paillet, Delphine Le Corre, Wenjjin Xiao, Marine Sroussi, and Maria Chiara Maiuri

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Background Progress in breast cancer (BC) research relies on the availability of suitable cell lines that can be implanted in immunocompetent laboratory mice. The best studied mouse strain, C57BL/6, is also the only one for which multiple genetic variants are available to facilitate the exploration of the cancer-immunity dialog. Driven by the fact that no hormone receptor-positive (HR+) C57BL/6-derived mammary carcinoma cell lines are available, we decided to establish such cell lines.Methods BC was induced in female C57BL/6 mice using a synthetic progesterone analog (medroxyprogesterone acetate, MPA) combined with a DNA damaging agent (7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, DMBA). Cell lines were established from these tumors and selected for dual (estrogen+progesterone) receptor positivity, as well as transplantability into C57BL/6 immunocompetent females.Results One cell line, which we called B6BC, fulfilled these criteria and allowed for the establishment of invasive estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors with features of epithelial to mesenchymal transition that were abundantly infiltrated by myeloid immune populations but scarcely by T lymphocytes, as determined by single-nucleus RNA sequencing and high-dimensional leukocyte profiling. Such tumors failed to respond to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade, but reduced their growth on treatment with ER antagonists, as well as with anthracycline-based chemotherapy, which was not influenced by T-cell depletion. Moreover, B6BC-derived tumors reduced their growth on CD11b blockade, indicating tumor sustainment by myeloid cells. The immune environment and treatment responses recapitulated by B6BC-derived tumors diverged from those of ER+ TS/A cell-derived tumors in BALB/C mice, and of ER– E0771 cell-derived and MPA/DMBA-induced tumors in C57BL/6 mice.Conclusions B6BC is the first transplantable HR+ BC cell line derived from C57BL/6 mice and B6BC-derived tumors recapitulate the complex tumor microenvironment of locally advanced HR+ BC naturally resistant to PD-1 immunotherapy.

Published
2023
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6. Beneficial autoimmunity and maladaptive inflammation shape epidemiological links between cancer and immune-inflammatory diseases

Author

Jonathan Pol, Juliette Paillet, Céleste Plantureux, and Guido Kroemer

Subjects
cancer, immunosurveillance, autoimmunity, inflammation, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Chronic inflammation drives proliferative responses, hence increasing cellular multiplication with the consequent risk of malignant transformation. Autoimmune responses against self-antigens drive chronic inflammation but may also enhance cancer immunosurveillance with the consequent reduction of tumor incidence and progression. These notions, which have been well established at the preclinical level, may explain the generally positive associations between immune-inflammatory diseases but also some negative associations, for example between breast cancer and rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, which have recently been confirmed in a study enrolling close to half a million participants from the UK Biobank.

Published
2022
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7. Inhibition of transcription by dactinomycin reveals a new characteristic of immunogenic cell stress

Author

Juliette Humeau, Allan Sauvat, Giulia Cerrato, Wei Xie, Friedemann Loos, Francesca Iannantuoni, Lucillia Bezu, Sarah Lévesque, Juliette Paillet, Jonathan Pol, Marion Leduc, Laurence Zitvogel, Hugues de Thé, Oliver Kepp, and Guido Kroemer

Subjects
dactinomycin, eIF2α phosphorylation, immunogenic cell death, transcription, translation, Medicine (General), R5-920, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Chemotherapy still constitutes the standard of care for the treatment of most neoplastic diseases. Certain chemotherapeutics from the oncological armamentarium are able to trigger pre‐mortem stress signals that lead to immunogenic cell death (ICD), thus inducing an antitumor immune response and mediating long‐term tumor growth reduction. Here, we used an established model, built on artificial intelligence to identify, among a library of 50,000 compounds, anticancer agents that, based on their molecular descriptors, were predicted to induce ICD. This algorithm led us to the identification of dactinomycin (DACT, best known as actinomycin D), a highly potent cytotoxicant and ICD inducer that mediates immune‐dependent anticancer effects in vivo. Since DACT is commonly used as an inhibitor of DNA to RNA transcription, we investigated whether other experimentally established or algorithm‐selected, clinically employed ICD inducers would share this characteristic. As a common leitmotif, a panel of pharmacological ICD stimulators inhibited transcription and secondarily translation. These results establish the inhibition of RNA synthesis as an initial event for ICD induction.

Published
2020
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8. Beneficial autoimmunity links primary biliary cholangitis to the avoidance of cholangiocarcinoma

Author

Jonathan G. Pol, Juliette Paillet, Céleste Plantureux, and Guido Kroemer

Subjects
cancer immunosurveillance, autoimmunity, primary biliary cholangitis, cholangiocarcinoma, t lymphocytes, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

It has been an open conundrum why primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a major risk factor for developing cholangiocarcinoma (CAA), while primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is not. In mouse models of PSC and PBC, it turned out that the latter condition, an autoimmune disease affecting the bile ducts, reduces transgene-induced cholangiocarcinogenesis, as well as the progression of subcutaneously implanted CCA. This CCA-delaying effect is lost upon depletion of T lymphocytes and involves tumor infiltration by T cell clonotypes that are also found in PBC lesions. Hence, organ-specific autoimmunity may improve immunosurveillance.

Published
2021
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9. A synergistic triad of chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and caloric restriction mimetics eradicates tumors in mice

Author

Sarah Lévesque, Julie Le Naour, Federico Pietrocola, Juliette Paillet, Margerie Kremer, Francesca Castoldi, Elisa E. Baracco, Yan Wang, Erika Vacchelli, Gautier Stoll, Ariane Jolly, Pierre De La Grange, Laurence Zitvogel, Guido Kroemer, and Jonathan G. Pol

Subjects
caloric restriction mimetics, immune checkpoint blockers, chemotherapy, combination therapies, tumor immune infiltrate, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

We have recently shown that chemotherapy with immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing agents can be advantageously combined with fasting regimens or caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) to achieve superior tumor growth control via a T cell-dependent mechanism. Here, we show that the blockade of the CD11b-dependent extravasation of myeloid cells blocks such a combination effect as well. Based on the characterization of the myeloid and lymphoid immune infiltrates, including the expression pattern of immune checkpoint proteins (and noting a chemotherapy-induced overexpression of programmed death-ligand 1, PD-L1, on both cancer cells and leukocytes, as well as a reduced frequency of exhausted CD8+ T cells positive for programmed cell death 1 protein, PD-1), we then evaluated the possibility to combine ICD inducers, CRMs and targeting of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. While fasting or CRMs failed to improve tumor growth control by PD-1 blockade, ICD inducers alone achieved a partial sensitization to treatment with a PD-1-specific antibody. However, definitive cure of most of the tumor-bearing mice was only achieved by a tritherapy combining (i) ICD inducers exemplified by mitoxantrone and oxaliplatin, (ii) CRMs exemplified by hydroxycitrate and spermidine and substitutable for by fasting, and (iii) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Altogether, these results point to the possibility of synergistic interactions among distinct classes of anticancer agents.

Published
2019
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10. Autophagy represses hepatic carcinogenesis

Author

Juliette Paillet and Guido Kroemer

Subjects
age-related disease, cytotoxic t cells, nk cells, immunosenescence, senescence, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Hepatocyte-specific knockout of the essential autophagy gene Autophagy-related 7 (Atg7) is sufficient to cause hepatic carcinogenesis. A recent paper by Lee et al. unveils the molecular pathway accounting for hepatic hypertrophy and hyperplasia followed by malignant transformation. This pathway involves the overactivation of the transcription factor yes-associated protein (YAP), which turns out to be an autophagic substrate. Of note, the transcriptional signature activated in mouse hepatocytes lacking Atg7 resembles that found in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), as well as in the steatohepatitic subtype of human hepatocellular carcinomas.

Published
2019
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11. Supplementary Figures and Tables from A TLR3 Ligand Reestablishes Chemotherapeutic Responses in the Context of FPR1 Deficiency

Author

Guido Kroemer, Erika Vacchelli, Jonathan G. Pol, Laurence Zitvogel, Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Zoltan Szallasi, Suzette Delaloge, Fabrice André, Peter Vandenabeele, Federico Pietrocola, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Oliver Kepp, Cornelia Richter, Khady Mangane, Juliette Paillet, Gautier Stoll, Isabelle Martins, Francesca Castoldi, Giulia Cerrato, Allan Sauvat, Florent Ginhoux, Charles-Antoine Dutertre, Aymeric Silvin, Claire Mulot, Julien Taieb, Zsofia Sztupinszki, Sandy Adjemian, Liwei Zhao, Peng Liu, and Julie Le Naour

Abstract

Supplementary Figures and Tables

Published
2023
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12. Table S4 from A TLR3 Ligand Reestablishes Chemotherapeutic Responses in the Context of FPR1 Deficiency

Author

Guido Kroemer, Erika Vacchelli, Jonathan G. Pol, Laurence Zitvogel, Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Zoltan Szallasi, Suzette Delaloge, Fabrice André, Peter Vandenabeele, Federico Pietrocola, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Oliver Kepp, Cornelia Richter, Khady Mangane, Juliette Paillet, Gautier Stoll, Isabelle Martins, Francesca Castoldi, Giulia Cerrato, Allan Sauvat, Florent Ginhoux, Charles-Antoine Dutertre, Aymeric Silvin, Claire Mulot, Julien Taieb, Zsofia Sztupinszki, Sandy Adjemian, Liwei Zhao, Peng Liu, and Julie Le Naour

Abstract

Table S4

Published
2023
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13. Data from A TLR3 Ligand Reestablishes Chemotherapeutic Responses in the Context of FPR1 Deficiency

Author

Guido Kroemer, Erika Vacchelli, Jonathan G. Pol, Laurence Zitvogel, Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Zoltan Szallasi, Suzette Delaloge, Fabrice André, Peter Vandenabeele, Federico Pietrocola, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Oliver Kepp, Cornelia Richter, Khady Mangane, Juliette Paillet, Gautier Stoll, Isabelle Martins, Francesca Castoldi, Giulia Cerrato, Allan Sauvat, Florent Ginhoux, Charles-Antoine Dutertre, Aymeric Silvin, Claire Mulot, Julien Taieb, Zsofia Sztupinszki, Sandy Adjemian, Liwei Zhao, Peng Liu, and Julie Le Naour

Abstract

For anthracycline-based chemotherapy to be immunogenic, dying cancer cells must release annexin A1 (ANXA1) that subsequently interacts with the pattern recognition receptor, formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), on the surface of dendritic cells (DC). Approximately 30% of individuals bear loss-of-function alleles of FPR1, calling for strategies to ameliorate their anticancer immune response. Here, we show that immunotherapy with a ligand of Toll-like receptor-3, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (pIC), restores the deficient response to chemotherapy of tumors lacking ANXA1 developing in immunocompetent mice or those of normal cancers growing in FPR1-deficient mice. This effect was accompanied by improved DC- and T-lymphocyte–mediated anticancer immunity. Of note, carcinogen-induced breast cancers precociously developed in FPR1-deficient mice as compared with wild-type controls. A similar tendency for earlier cancer development was found in patients carrying the loss-of-function allele of FPR1. These findings have potential implications for the clinical management of FPR1-deficient patients.Significance:The loss-of-function variant rs867228 in FPR1, harbored by approximately 30% of the world population, is associated with the precocious manifestation of breast, colorectal, esophageal, and head and neck carcinomas. pIC restores deficient chemotherapeutic responses in mice lacking Fpr1, suggesting a personalized strategy for compensating for the FPR1 defect.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 211

Published
2023
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14. Autoimmunity affecting the biliary tract fuels the immunosurveillance of cholangiocarcinoma

Author

Franck Letourneur, Jérémy Augustin, Mark J. Kurth, Julie Le Naour, Sylvie Lachkar, Pamela Caudana, Eliane Piaggio, Youra Kim, Sarah Levesque, Jie S. Zhu, Guido Kroemer, Jonathan Pol, Bouchra Lekbaby, Andrea Checcoli, Patrick S.C. Leung, Allan Sauvat, Shashi Gujar, Agathe Delaune, Chantal Housset, Pierre de la Grange, Paule Opolon, Laura Fouassier, Noémie Robil, Laurence Zitvogel, Patrick Soussan, Juliette Paillet, Céleste Plantureux, Jimena Tosello Boari, M. Eric Gershwin, Isabelle Martins, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Cédric Coulouarn, Gautier Stoll, Norma Bloy, Gwennhael Autret, Juliette Hamroune, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Institut Curie [Paris], Immunité et cancer (U932), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Curie [Paris], Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, Institut Curie [Paris]-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), GenoSplice [Paris], Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress and Signaling (COSS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Université Paris-Saclay, Immunologie des tumeurs et immunothérapie (UMR 1015), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biotherapie des cancers (CIC 1428 , CBT 507 ), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Association pour la lutte contre les maladies inflammatoires du foie et des voies biliaires, Dalhousie Medical Research Foundation, Agence National de la Recherche, ERA-Net for Research on Rare Diseases, Association pour la recherche sur le cancer, Cancéropôle Ile-de-France, Chancellerie des universités de Paris, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Elior, European Research Area Network on Cardiovascular Diseases, Gustave Roussy Odyssea, European Union Horizon 2020, Canadian Cancer Society, Project Oncobiome, Fondation Carrefour, GDW20171100085, High-end Foreign Expert Program in China, Institut National du Cancer, Inserm, Institut Universitaire de France, LeDucq Foundation, LabEx, Recherche Hospitalo-Universitaire Torino Lumière, Seerave Foundation, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Site de Recherche intégrée sur le Cancer Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination, Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine, Multi-Organism Institute (ITMO) Aviesan Cancer, Association Française d'Hépatologie, Site de Recherche intégrée sur le Cancer Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine, Ligue contre le Cancer, École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of California (UC), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Rennes (UR)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cholangitis, Autoimmunity, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Inbred C57BL, medicine.disease_cause, Medical and Health Sciences, Malignant transformation, Cholangiocarcinoma, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunologic, Neoplasms, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Aetiology, Cancer, 0303 health sciences, Tumor, Liver Disease, Forkhead Transcription Factors, 3. Good health, Immunosurveillance, medicine.anatomical_structure, Liver, Biliary tract, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Hepatocellular carcinoma, cardiovascular system, Cytokines, Female, Biotechnology, Liver Cancer, Monitoring, T cell, Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis, Immunology, Context (language use), [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Autoimmune Disease, digestive system, Cell Line, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Experimental, 03 medical and health sciences, Rare Diseases, Monitoring, Immunologic, Cell Line, Tumor, parasitic diseases, Animals, cardiovascular diseases, Digestive Diseases - (Gallbladder), 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, Neoplasms, Experimental, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Bile Duct Neoplasms, Cancer research, Digestive Diseases, business
Abstract

International audience; Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) results from the malignant transformation of cholangiocytes. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are chronic diseases in which cholangiocytes are primarily damaged. Although PSC is an inflammatory condition predisposing to CCA, CCA is almost never found in the autoimmune context of PBC. Here, we hypothesized that PBC might favor CCA immunosurveillance. In preclinical murine models of cholangitis challenged with syngeneic CCA, PBC (but not PSC) reduced the frequency of CCA development and delayed tumor growth kinetics. This PBC-related effect appeared specific to CCA as it was not observed against other cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. The protective effect of PBC was relying on type 1 and type 2 T cell responses and, to a lesser extent, on B cells. Single-cell TCR/RNA sequencing revealed the existence of TCR clonotypes shared between the liver and CCA tumor of a PBC host. Altogether, these results evidence a mechanistic overlapping between autoimmunity and cancer immunosurveillance in the biliary tract.

Published
2021
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15. Immune contexture of cholangiocarcinoma

Author

Juliette Paillet, Guido Kroemer, Jonathan Pol, Apoptose, cancer et immunité (Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le cancer - CRC - Inserm U1138), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Suzhou], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], and POL, Jonathan

Subjects
Poor prognosis, Neutrophils, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Adaptive Immunity, Cholangiocarcinoma, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Tumor Microenvironment, medicine, Humans, In patient, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Macrophages, Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells, Gastroenterology, Dendritic Cells, Prognosis, Acquired immune system, 3. Good health, Killer Cells, Natural, Immunosurveillance, Radiation therapy, Bile Duct Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Tumor Escape, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, Clinical evaluation
Abstract

International audience; PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Considering the failure of standard treatments (i.e. surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) in treating cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), introduction of alternative interventions is urgently needed. During the past 2 decades, discoveries of the mechanisms of cancer immunosurveillance and tumor immune evasion have precipitated the emergence and clinical approval of immunotherapies in multiple malignant indications. Interest in their introduction for the care of CCA is recent and several immunotherapeutic approaches are undergoing a clinical evaluation. Undoubtedly, their efficient application, as monotherapy or in combination regimens, will rely on a deeper understanding of CCA immune contexture.RECENT FINDINGS:CCA cells appeared very potent in recruiting protumorigenic cells and shaping an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Elevated densities of several immune cells with immunoinhibitory activities within the malignant bed have been associated with poor prognosis in patients. Particularly, macrophages and neutrophils (especially in their alternatively activated phenotype) were pointed out for their role in cancer progression. Dendritic cells were described as ineffective in priming CCA-specific T-cell responses.SUMMARY:Quantitative and qualitative assessment of the innate and adaptive immune compartments of the CCA immune contexture, as well as their prognostic value, will benefit to the development of improved immunotherapeutic strategies.

Published
2020
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16. Metabolic Reprogramming by Reduced Calorie Intake or Pharmacological Caloric Restriction Mimetics for Improved Cancer Immunotherapy

Author

Erwan Eriau, Jonathan Pol, Juliette Paillet, Guido Kroemer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, fasting, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Review, Bioinformatics, lcsh:RC254-282, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cancer immunotherapy, medicine, Model organism, 2. Zero hunger, cancer immunotherapy, ved/biology, business.industry, Autophagy, Cancer, Caloric theory, medicine.disease, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Clinical trial, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immunogenic cell death, caloric restriction, business, Adjuvant, metabolism, caloric restriction mimetics
Abstract

Simple Summary Reduced food intake significantly enhances healthy lifespan in both model animals and humans, and decreases the incidence of cancer and other age-related diseases. This beneficial effect is mediated by the cellular knock-on effects of reduced food intake. Interestingly, these effects differ between cancer and healthy cells because cancer cells have peculiar metabolic requirements. Some compounds called “caloric restriction mimetics” are able to recapitulate the effects of reduced food intake without impacting the nutritional status. Reduced food intake and these mimicking agents are both able to enhance responses to some chemotherapies, as well as to some regimens combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy. There are encouraging preclinical data supporting the use of reduced food intake or caloric restriction mimetics as an adjuvant to cancer chemo-immunotherapies. Clinical data are sparse, but generally favorable, and additional trials are ongoing. Abstract Caloric restriction and fasting have been known for a long time for their health- and life-span promoting effects, with coherent observations in multiple model organisms as well as epidemiological and clinical studies. This holds particularly true for cancer. The health-promoting effects of caloric restriction and fasting are mediated at least partly through their cellular effects—chiefly autophagy induction—rather than reduced calorie intake per se. Interestingly, caloric restriction has a differential impact on cancer and healthy cells, due to the atypical metabolic profile of malignant tumors. Caloric restriction mimetics are non-toxic compounds able to mimic the biochemical and physiological effects of caloric restriction including autophagy induction. Caloric restriction and its mimetics induce autophagy to improve the efficacy of some cancer treatments that induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), a type of cellular demise that eventually elicits adaptive antitumor immunity. Caloric restriction and its mimetics also enhance the therapeutic efficacy of chemo-immunotherapies combining ICD-inducing agents with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1. Collectively, preclinical data encourage the application of caloric restriction and its mimetics as an adjuvant to immunotherapies. This recommendation is subject to confirmation in additional experimental settings and in clinical trials. In this work, we review the preclinical and clinical evidence in favor of such therapeutic interventions before listing ongoing clinical trials that will shed some light on this subject.

Published
2021
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17. A TLR3 Ligand Reestablishes Chemotherapeutic Responses in the Context of FPR1 Deficiency

Author

Francesca Castoldi, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Julie Le Naour, Julien Taieb, Allan Sauvat, Suzette Delaloge, Charles-Antoine Dutertre, Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Juliette Paillet, Erika Vacchelli, Liwei Zhao, Giulia Cerrato, Guido Kroemer, Claire Mulot, Isabelle Martins, Oliver Kepp, Federico Pietrocola, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Aymeric Silvin, Florent Ginhoux, Fabrice Andre, Peng Liu, Laurence Zitvogel, Sandy Adjemian, Cornelia Richter, Zoltan Szallasi, Peter Vandenabeele, Zsofia Sztupinszki, Jonathan Pol, Gautier Stoll, Khady Mangane, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine - CARPEM [Paris], Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Immunologie des tumeurs et immunothérapie (UMR 1015), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR), Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institute (BMSI), School of Medicine [Shanghai Jiaotong University], Shanghai Jiaotong University, Métabolisme, Cancer et Immunité (CRC - UMR_S 1138), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Oslo (UiO), Direction de la recherche [Gustave Roussy], Département de médecine oncologique [Gustave Roussy], Pathologie mammaire, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Immunologie anti-tumorale et immunothérapie des cancers (ITIC), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, ANR-16-RHUS-0008,LUMIERE,LUMIERE(2016), European Project: 825410,ONCOBIOME, Le Naour, Julie, Liu, Peng, Zhao, Liwei, Adjemian, Sandy, Sztupinszki, Zsofia, Taieb, Julien, Mulot, Claire, Silvin, Aymeric, Dutertre, Charles-Antoine, Ginhoux, Florent, Sauvat, Allan, Cerrato, Giulia, Castoldi, Francesca, Martins, Isabelle, Stoll, Gautier, Paillet, Juliette, Mangane, Khady, Richter, Cornelia, Kepp, Oliver, Maiuri, Maria Chiara, Pietrocola, Federico, Vandenabeele, Peter, André, Fabrice, Delaloge, Suzette, Szallasi, Zoltan, Laurent-Puig, Pierre, Zucman-Rossi, Jessica, Zitvogel, Laurence, Pol, Jonathan G, Vacchelli, Erika, Kroemer, Guido, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Anthracycline, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mice, Transgenic, Ligands, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Medicine, Animals, Humans, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, Pattern recognition receptor, Wild type, Immunotherapy, Receptors, Formyl Peptide, Toll-Like Receptor 3, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Poly I-C, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer cell, TLR3, Cancer research, business, Colorectal Neoplasms, Annexin A1
Abstract

For anthracycline-based chemotherapy to be immunogenic, dying cancer cells must release annexin A1 (ANXA1) that subsequently interacts with the pattern recognition receptor, formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), on the surface of dendritic cells (DC). Approximately 30% of individuals bear loss-of-function alleles of FPR1, calling for strategies to ameliorate their anticancer immune response. Here, we show that immunotherapy with a ligand of Toll-like receptor-3, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (pIC), restores the deficient response to chemotherapy of tumors lacking ANXA1 developing in immunocompetent mice or those of normal cancers growing in FPR1-deficient mice. This effect was accompanied by improved DC- and T-lymphocyte–mediated anticancer immunity. Of note, carcinogen-induced breast cancers precociously developed in FPR1-deficient mice as compared with wild-type controls. A similar tendency for earlier cancer development was found in patients carrying the loss-of-function allele of FPR1. These findings have potential implications for the clinical management of FPR1-deficient patients. Significance: The loss-of-function variant rs867228 in FPR1, harbored by approximately 30% of the world population, is associated with the precocious manifestation of breast, colorectal, esophageal, and head and neck carcinomas. pIC restores deficient chemotherapeutic responses in mice lacking Fpr1, suggesting a personalized strategy for compensating for the FPR1 defect. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 211

Published
2021
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18. Beneficial autoimmunity links primary biliary cholangitis to the avoidance of cholangiocarcinoma

Author

Juliette Paillet, Céleste Plantureux, Jonathan Pol, Guido Kroemer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], HAL-SU, Gestionnaire, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
T cell, Cholangitis, Sclerosing, Immunology, T lymphocytes, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, medicine.disease_cause, digestive system, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Autoimmunity, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, medicine, Animals, Immunology and Allergy, Risk factor, Cancer immunosurveillance, RC254-282, Author’s View, 030304 developmental biology, Autoimmune disease, 0303 health sciences, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, business.industry, primary biliary cholangitis, autoimmunity, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, RC581-607, medicine.disease, [SDV.MHEP.HEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, digestive system diseases, 3. Good health, Immunosurveillance, Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic, medicine.anatomical_structure, Bile Duct Neoplasms, Oncology, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, [SDV.IMM.IA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, business, cholangiocarcinoma, Infiltration (medical), Research Article
Abstract

International audience; It has been an open conundrum why primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a major risk factor for developing cholangiocarcinoma (CAA), while primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is not. In mouse models of PSC and PBC, it turned out that the latter condition, an autoimmune disease affecting the bile ducts, reduces transgene-induced cholangiocarcinogenesis, as well as the progression of subcutaneously implanted CCA. This CCA-delaying effect is lost upon depletion of T lymphocytes and involves tumor infiltration by T cell clonotypes that are also found in PBC lesions. Hence, organ-specific autoimmunity may improve immunosurveillance.

Published
2021
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19. Effects of interleukin-2 in immunostimulation and immunosuppression

Author

Jonathan Pol, Pamela Caudana, Eliane Piaggio, Guido Kroemer, and Juliette Paillet

Subjects
Interleukin 2, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Effector, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Immunity, Reviews, Immunosuppression, Review, Biology, Immune system, Aldesleukin, medicine, Immune Tolerance, Immunology and Allergy, Animals, Humans, Interleukin-2, Receptor, Immunologic Memory, Homeostasis, medicine.drug
Abstract

Distinctions in the nature and spatiotemporal expression of IL-2R subunits on conventional versus regulatory T cells are exploited to manipulate IL-2 immunomodulatory effects. Particularly, low-dose IL-2 and some recombinant derivatives are being evaluated to enhance/inhibit immune responses for therapeutic purposes., Historically, interleukin-2 (IL-2) was first described as an immunostimulatory factor that supports the expansion of activated effector T cells. A layer of sophistication arose when regulatory CD4+ T lymphocytes (Tregs) were shown to require IL-2 for their development, homeostasis, and immunosuppressive functions. Fundamental distinctions in the nature and spatiotemporal expression patterns of IL-2 receptor subunits on naive/memory/effector T cells versus Tregs are now being exploited to manipulate the immunomodulatory effects of IL-2 for therapeutic purposes. Although high-dose IL-2 administration has yielded discrete clinical responses, low-dose IL-2 as well as innovative strategies based on IL-2 derivatives, including “muteins,” immunocomplexes, and immunocytokines, are being explored to therapeutically enhance or inhibit the immune response.

Published
2019

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