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This work aims to shed light on the performance of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for hydrogen purification from coke oven gases (COG). Using molecular simulation, we model COG as a mixture of six gases and study the effect of ZIF topology on the separation performance. To do this, we compare similar structures, e.g., ZIF-8 and ZIF-11, and focus on obtaining information that explains why they behave differently while being so similar. Simulation results show that the structure with the smallest pore size best separates hydrogen from carbon monoxide and nonpolar molecules. The adsorption of carbon dioxide is also strongly affected by the polarizability of the structure. However, the adsorption of the other components (methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and oxygen) is strongly dependent on their pore size. We also provide molecular information on the effect of phase transition on hydrogen purification using ZIF-7 as an example, which drastically changes the pore volume of the structure when it changes phase. These findings will help to select high-performance ZIFs for adsorption- or screening-based hydrogen purification.

Objective. Evaluate the effect of salinity due to NaCl on physiological variables of chickpea plants using native strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus cubensis and Rhizoglomus irregulare during the pre-flowering stage. Design/methodology/approach. The research was carried out under controlled weather conditions using the chickpea variety N-29 as an experimental model. The treatments consisted on the combination of four salinity levels: 0, 25, 50 and 75 mM NaCl (variation source A) and AMF (variation source B) in three levels. In total there were 12 treatments with six repetitions, which were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design. The evaluated variables were number of green and dry leaves, dry biomass per organ (leaves, root and stem), net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR) and leaf area ratio (LAR). Results. The green leaves, the NAR and the dry biomass from roots and leaves, were the variables with the greatest response in the 50 mM NaCl + R. irregulare treatment, with an average increase of 15% with respect to the rest of the treatments. Limitations/implications. A decrease on the evaluated variables was observed due to the salinity effect; however, chickpea plants subjected to NaCl 50 mM inoculated with R. irregulare were less affected by salt stress. Findings/conclusions. The R. irregulare strain was found to contribute more than the G. cubensis to the mitigation of the adverse effects from the salinity factor.

In brief In the proestrus day, the neural and endocrine signals modulate ovarian function. This study shows vagus nerve plays a role in the multisynaptic pathways of communication between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the ovaries where such neural information determines ovulation. Abstract The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) regulates the activity of several peripheral organs through a parasympathetic–sympathetic pathway. Previously, we demonstrated that atropine (ATR) microinjection in the right SCN of rats during proestrus blocks ovulation. In the present study, we analysed whether the vagus nerve is one of the neural pathways by which the SCN regulates ovulation. For this, CIIZ-V strain cyclic rats on the day of proestrus were microinjected with a saline solution (vehicle) or ATR in the right or left SCN, which was followed by ventral laparotomy or ipsilateral vagotomy to the microinjection side. Some animal groups were sacrificed (i) on the same day of the surgery to measure oestradiol, progesterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels or (ii) at 24 h after surgery to evaluate ovulation. The left vagotomy in rats microinjected with ATR in the left SCN did not modify ovulation. In rats with ATR microinjection in the right SCN, the right vagotomy increased the levels of steroids and LH on the proestrus and ovulatory response. The present results suggest that the right vagus nerve plays a role in the multisynaptic pathways of communication between the SCN and the ovaries and indicate that such neural information participates in the regulation of the oestradiol and progesterone surge, which triggers the preovulatory peak of LH and determines ovulation.

The fungal pathogenBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd) is implicated in global mass die-offs and declines in amphibians. In Mesoamerica, theBdepidemic wave hypothesis is supported by detection ofBdin historic museum specimens collected over the last century, yet the timing and impact of the early stages of the wave remain poorly understood.Chiropterotriton magnipes, the only obligate troglodytic Neotropical salamander, was abundant in its small range in the decade following its description in 1965, but subsequently disappeared from known localities and was not seen for 34 years. Its decline is roughly coincident with that of other populations of Neotropical salamanders associated with the invasion and spread ofBd. To determine the presence and infection intensity ofBdonC. magnipesand sympatric amphibian species (which are alsoBdhosts), we used a noninvasive sampling technique and qPCR assay to detectBdon museum specimens ofC. magnipescollected from 1952 to 2012, and from extant populations ofC. magnipesand sympatric species of amphibians. We also tested for the presence of the recently discoveredBatrachochytrium salamandivorans(Bsal), another fungal chytridiomycete pathogen of salamanders, using a similar technique specific forBsal. We did not detectBdin populations ofC. magnipesbefore 1969, whileBdwas detected at low to moderate prevalence just prior to and during declines. This pattern is consistent withBd-caused epizootics followed by host declines and extirpations described in other hosts. We did not detectBsalin any extant population ofC. magnipes. We obtained one of the earliest positive records of the fungus to date in Latin America, providing additional historical evidence consistent with theBdepidemic wave hypothesis. Genotyping results show that at least one population is currently infected with the Global Panzootic Lineage ofBd, but our genotyping of the historical positive samples was unsuccessful. The lack of large samples from some years and the difficulty in genotyping historical Bd samples illustrate some of the difficulties inherent in assigning causality to historical amphibian declines. These data also provide an important historical baseline for actions to preserve the few known remaining populations ofC. magnipes.

Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease in freshwater fish and four discrete genetic groups exist within the species, suggesting that the species designation requires revision. The present study determined the taxonomic status of the four genetic groups of F. columnare using polyphasic and phylogenomic approaches and included five representative isolates from each genetic group (including type strain ATCC 23463

Edwardsiella spp. are responsible for significant losses in important wild and cultured fish species worldwide. Recent phylogenomic investigations have determined that bacteria historically classified as Edwardsiella tarda actually represent three genetically distinct yet phenotypically ambiguous taxa with various degrees of pathogenicity in different hosts. Previous recognition of these taxa was hampered by the lack of a distinguishing phenotypic character. Commercial test panel configurations are relatively constant over time, and as new species are defined, appropriate discriminatory tests may not be present in current test panel arrangements. While phenobiochemical tests fail to discriminate between these taxa, data presented here revealed discriminatory peaks for each Edwardsiella species using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) methodology, suggesting that MALDI-TOF can offer rapid, reliable identification in line with current systematic classifications. Furthermore, a multiplex PCR assay was validated for rapid molecular differentiation of the Edwardsiella spp. affecting fish. Moreover, the limitations of relying on partial 16S rRNA for discrimination of Edwardsiella spp. and advantages of employing alternative single-copy genes gyrB and sodB for molecular identification and classification of Edwardsiella were demonstrated. Last, sodB sequencing confirmed that isolates previously defined as typical motile fish-pathogenic E. tarda are synonymous with Edwardsiella piscicida , while atypical nonmotile fish-pathogenic E. tarda isolates are equivalent to Edwardsiella anguillarum . Fish-nonpathogenic E. tarda isolates are consistent with E. tarda as it is currently defined. These analyses help deconvolute the scientific literature regarding these organisms and provide baseline information to better facilitate proper taxonomic assignment and minimize erroneous identifications of Edwardsiella isolates in clinical and research settings.

En el sur de Tamaulipas, México, el cultivo de la soya [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] se practica en condiciones de temporal durante el ciclo primavera-verano desde hace 40 años. La superficie sembrada con soya ha variado entre 90 mil y 124 mil hectáreas en los últimos años, con rendimientos promedio que fluctúan de 0.82 a 1.80 t ha-1 (SIAP, 2018), lo cual depende del nivel tecnológico que aplican los productores y de las condiciones climatológicas prevalecientes durante el ciclo del cultivo. Los rendimientos de grano se ven limitados por la falta de humedad durante la etapa reproductiva de la soya y por la sensibilidad de las variedades al fotoperiodo corto, principalmente cuando la fecha de siembra se retrasa debido a deficiencias hídricas. Por lo anterior, el enfoque del mejoramiento genético de la soya en el trópico mexicano se centra en la generación de genotipos con 45 días a floración como mínimo, para no mermar el rendimiento, y que el periodo entre las etapas fenológicas R4 (vaina completa) y R7 (inicio de madurez fisiológica), según el perfil de Fehr y Caviness (1977), coincida con la época de mayor probabilidad de lluvias, sin dejar de considerar las características de alta productividad, baja sensibilidad al fotoperiodo corto, tolerancia a sequía, enfermedades foliares más comunes y contenido de proteína y aceite en la semilla.

A recently described emergent disease of ornamental fish has been associated with an

Recent research has identified four distinct genetic groups among isolates of Flavobacterium columnare through multilocus phylogenetic analyses; however, there are no quick methods to determine the genotype of an isolate. The objective of this research was to develop a multiplex PCR to rapidly genotype F. columnare to genetic group. Comparative bacterial genomics was used to identify regions in the genomes unique to each genetic group, and primers were designed to specifically amplify different sized amplicons for each genetic group. The optimized assay was demonstrated to be specific for each genetic group and F. columnare, and no specific amplicons were generated using gDNA from a panel of other Flavobacterium spp. and bacterial fish pathogens. The analytical sensitivity of the assay ranged from 209 to 883 genome equivalents depending on the genetic group. The multiplex PCR was evaluated by genotyping a panel of 22 unknown F. columnare isolates and performing DNA sequencing of the dnaK gene in parallel. The results demonstrated 100% accordance between multiplex PCR results and assignment to genetic group via phylogenetic analysis. The multiplex PCR provides a useful tool for assigning an unknown isolate to genetic group and may be used to determine which genetic groups of F. columnare are circulating and most predominant in different aquaculture industries.

Streptococcus iniae and S. agalactiae are both economically important Gram positive bacterial pathogens affecting the globally farmed tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Historically, control of these bacteria in tilapia culture has included biosecurity, therapeutants and vaccination strategies. Genetic gains in performance traits have been realized for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and interest in breeding for disease resistance has recently received attention. The goal of this study was three fold: 1) to verify previous results demonstrating heritability of S. iniae resistance in Nile tilapia families using increased numbers of fish per family; 2) to determine if realized genetic gain in resistance and/or susceptibility to S. iniae can be obtained following positive assortative mating between parents with high or low estimated breeding values (EBV); and 3) to determine if resistance to S. iniae and S. agalactiae capsular type Ib is genetically correlated. A total of 144 and 130 full sib families were challenged intraperitoneally with S. iniae and intramuscularly with S. agalactiae Ib, respectively. Cumulative mortality at test end was 46% for S. iniae and 68% for S. agalactiae. There was a high additive genetic component found for survival in fish injected with S. iniae (estimated heritability 0.52 ± 0.12) and with S. agalactiae (estimated heritability 0.38 ± 0.11). The S. iniae challenge results confirmed additive genetic variation in resistance of Nile tilapia to S. iniae. We also demonstrated via assortative mating that genetic gain for survival to S. iniae is possible. The genetic correlation between resistance to S. iniae and S. agalactiae Ib was not significantly different from zero (rg = − 0.30 ± 0.19). The lack of correlation suggests if resistance to both Streptococcus sp. is desired, selection for both traits must be simultaneous. Selection of fish to improve survival to Streptococcus sp. may require a thorough understanding of the type of pathogen prevalent in the region so that custom genetic material may be tailored to meet the needs of the individual farm and/or region.

Flavobacterium columnare, the aetiological agent of columnaris disease, causes significant losses in fish worldwide. In this study, the prevalence of F. columnare infection was assessed in representative Great Lakes fish species. Over 2000 wild, feral and hatchery-propagated salmonids, percids, centrarchids, esocids and cyprinids were examined for systemic F. columnare infections. Logistic regression analyses showed that the prevalence of F. columnare infection varied temporally and by the sex of the fish, whereby females had significantly higher prevalence of infection. A total of 305 isolates of F. columnare were recovered. Amplification of the near complete 16S rRNA gene from 34 representative isolates and subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses demonstrated that all belonged to F. columnare genomovar I. Phylogenetic analysis of near complete 16S rRNA gene sequences also placed the isolates in genomovar I, but revealed some intragenomovar heterogeneity. Together, these results suggest that F. columnare genomovar I is widespread in the Great Lakes Basin, where its presence may lead to mortality.

Streptococcus iniae is an etiologic agent of streptococcal disease in tilapia and is one of several Streptococcus spp. that negatively impact worldwide tilapia production. Methods for the prevention and control of S. iniae include vaccines, management strategies, and antibiotics. A complimentary preventative approach may include selective breeding for disease resistance, but the potential for this is unknown in tilapia. This study was initiated to challenge Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) families for estimation of genetic parameters for resistance to S. iniae . A total of 143 full- and paternal half-sib families (avg. 176 g, sd = 50 g) were divided into two groups with each containing on average 9 fish per family. The challenge was designed with the intent to utilize fish injected with S. iniae (Group 1) as shedder fish to transfer the bacterium to cohabitated fish (Group 2). Tilapia from Group 1 were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with a volume containing 1.15 × 10 8 colony-forming units S. iniae per fish, and then cohabitated with tilapia from Group 2 in a single tank. Accumulated mortality at the end of the experiment was 60% for the fish challenged by injection and 6.4% for fish challenged by cohabitation. The results revealed high variation for mean survival of the families injected with S. iniae (range from 0% to 100%, CV 69%). The estimated heritability of post-challenge survival in Group 1 was 0.42 ± 0.07 on the observed binary scale and 0.58 ± 0.09 on the underlying liability scale, derived from fitting a linear animal model and a sire-dam threshold model, respectively. In summary, substantial additive genetic variation in resistance to S. iniae was observed when fish were challenged by injection, and this suggests promise for genetic improvement of tilapia for resistance to S. iniae through selective breeding. Statement of relevance This research suggests promise for genetic improvement of tilapia for resistance to Streptococcus iniae through selective breeding, thereby providing commercial fish farmers with a more resistant stock of tilapia as an additional management tool for reducing production losses due to Streptococcus spp.

Two bacterial pathogens that impact worldwide tilapia production through direct mortalities and treatment costs are Streptococcus iniae and S. agalactiae. An economically important trait is rapid growth; however, it is not known if this trait is correlated to Streptococcus disease resistance. The objectives of this study were to: 1) determine the relationship between growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and survival to both S. iniae and S. agalactiae capsular type Ib; 2) verify previous results demonstrating heritability of resistance to S. agalactiae Ib and S. iniae through positive assortative mating; and 3) determine the response to selection obtained from genetic trend analysis and estimates of heritability. Data from eight generations of tilapia were used in this study including growth data for all generations, S. iniae mortality data from three generations, and S. agalactiae Ib mortality data from five generations. Additive genetic variation was found for all three traits: harvest weight heritability was 0.23, S. iniae heritability was 0.43 and S. agalactiae heritability was 0.21. Significant effects common to full-sibs were found for all traits and were of higher magnitude for harvest weight (c2 = 0.11) than for both S. iniae (c2 = 0.04) and S. agalactiae (c2 = 0.05). The genetic correlation between harvest weight and S. iniae survival was low (rg = 0.15 ± 0.12) and not significantly different from zero. The genetic correlation between harvest weight and S. agalactiae Ib survival was intermediate and negative, but not significantly different from zero (rg = −0.21 ± 0.11), suggesting there is no relationship between growth and resistance to Streptococcus sp. These results demonstrate that multi-trait selection is needed to balance growth and resistance to both Streptococcus sp. to provide commercial tilapia farmers with a fast-growing fish with reduced susceptibilities to these two important pathogens.

Columnaris disease, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium columnare, is one of the most prevalent fish diseases worldwide. An exceptionally high level of genetic diversity among isolates of F. columnare has long been recognized, whereby six established genomovars have been described to date. However, little has been done to quantify or characterize this diversity further in a systematic fashion. The objective of this research was to perform phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA and housekeeping gene sequences to decipher the genetic diversity of F. columnare. Fifty isolates and/or genomes of F. columnare, originating from diverse years, geographic locations, fish hosts, and representative of the six genomovars were analyzed in this study. A multilocus phylogenetic analysis (MLPA) of the 16S rRNA and six housekeeping genes supported four distinct F. columnare genetic groups. There were associations between genomovar and genetic group, but these relationships were imperfect indicating that genomovar assignment does not accurately reflect F. columnare genetic diversity. To expand the dataset, an additional 90 16S rRNA gene sequences were retrieved from GenBank and a phylogenetic analysis of this larger dataset also supported the establishment of four genetic groups. Examination of isolate historical data indicated biological relevance to the identified genetic diversity, with some genetic groups isolated preferentially from specific fish species or families. It is proposed that F. columnare isolates be assigned to the four genetic groups defined in this study rather than genomovar in order to facilitate a standard nomenclature across the scientific community. An increased understanding of which genetic groups are most prevalent in different regions and/or aquaculture industries may allow for the development of improved targeted control and treatment measures for columnaris disease.

Historically, piscine francisellosis in various warm-, temperate-, and cold-water fish hosts has been attributed to Francisella noatunensis From 2015 to 2016, an undescribed Francisella sp. was recovered during mortality events in cultured spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) off the Pacific coast of Central America. Despite high mortality and emaciation, limited gross findings were observed in affected fish. Histological examination revealed multifocal granulomatous lesions, with the presence of numerous small, pleomorphic coccobacilli, predominantly in the peritoneum, spleen, kidneys, liver, pancreas, heart, and intestine. Sequencing of an ∼1,400-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated these isolates to be most similar (99.9% identity) to Francisella sp. isolate TX077308 cultured from seawater in the Gulf of Mexico, while sharing

Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia de la tecnología móvil en la ganancia adecuada de peso de las gestantes estudiadas.Materiales y Métodos Estudio cuasi-experimental. Se incluyó a 117 gestantes que acudieron a establecimientos de salud de la Dirección Regional de Salud (Diresa), Callao. Se envió mensajes a 58 gestantes que conformaban el grupo experimental para mejorar sus estilos de vida y asistencia al control prenatal (CPN), mientras que 59 gestantes recibieron la educación rutinaria durante la gestación. Los mensajes se enviaron cada tres días. En la primera visita del control pre natal se evaluó el estado nutricional de las gestantes tomando como referencia el IMC pre gestacional. La ganancia de peso se obtuvo por diferencia entre el peso pre-gestacional y peso registrado durante los últimos controles.Resultados La ganancia de peso adecuada fue 27,6% de gestantes intervenidas y 25,4% en las no intervenidas. El 79,3% de gestantes tuvieron seis o más CPN en el grupo intervenido y 54,2% en las no intervenidas. La ganancia de peso fue excesiva en 5,1% en las gestantes no intervenidas y solo 1,7% en las intervenidas. El mayor porcentaje de gestantes con ganancia de peso adecuada (32,0%) se observó en las gestantes intervenidas con sobrepeso pre gestacional.Conclusiones No hubo diferencia estadística al usar la tecnología móvil para la adecuada ganancia de peso entre los grupos de estudio. Existió mayor cumplimiento de asistencia al CPN en el grupo de gestantes intervenidas comparado con el no intervenido (p0,05). Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of mobile technology in the appropriate weight gain of pregnant women.Materials and Methods A quasi-experimental study. The sample included 117 pregnant women attending health facilities at la Dirección Regional de Salud (Diresa), Callao. Messages were sent to 58 pregnant women who formed the experimental group to improve their lifestyles and assistance to prenatal care (APC), while 59 pregnant women received routine education provided for pregnants. Messages were sent every three days. The nutritional status of the pregnant women was evaluated using the pre gestational BMI at the first visit of the APC. The weight gain was obtained from the difference between pre-gestational weight and weight recorded during the last controls.ResultsThe adequate weight gain was 27.6% of intervened pregnancies and 25.4% in the non-intervened. The 79.3% pregnant had six or more NPC in the group intervened and 54.2% in the non-intervened. The weight gain was excessive in 5.1% in the non-intervened pregnant and 1.7% in the intervened. The highest percentage of pregnant women with adequate weight gain (32.0%) was observed in the intervened pregnancies with pre-gestacional overwhegith.Conclusions There was no statistic difference in the use of mobile technology for a proper weight gain between bothstudy groups. There were greater fulfillment of APC in intervened pregnancies compared to the non-intervened (p0.05).

Flavobacterium columnare , a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes , causes columnaris disease in wild and aquaculture-reared freshwater fish. The mechanisms responsible for columnaris disease are not known. Many members of the phylum Bacteroidetes use type IX secretion systems (T9SSs) to secrete enzymes, adhesins, and proteins involved in gliding motility. The F. columnare genome has all of the genes needed to encode a T9SS. gldN , which encodes a core component of the T9SS, was deleted in wild-type strains of F. columnare . The F. columnare Δ gldN mutants were deficient in the secretion of several extracellular proteins and lacked gliding motility. The Δ gldN mutants exhibited reduced virulence in zebrafish, channel catfish, and rainbow trout, and complementation restored virulence. PorV is required for the secretion of a subset of proteins targeted to the T9SS. An F. columnare Δ porV mutant retained gliding motility but exhibited reduced virulence. Cell-free spent media from exponentially growing cultures of wild-type and complemented strains caused rapid mortality, but spent media from Δ gldN and Δ porV mutants did not, suggesting that soluble toxins are secreted by the T9SS. IMPORTANCE Columnaris disease, caused by F. columnare , is a major problem for freshwater aquaculture. Little is known regarding the virulence factors produced by F. columnare , and control measures are limited. Analysis of targeted gene deletion mutants revealed the importance of the type IX protein secretion system (T9SS) and of secreted toxins in F. columnare virulence. T9SSs are common in members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and likely contribute to the virulence of other animal and human pathogens.

To evaluate the effectiveness of mobile technology in the appropriate weight gain of pregnant women.A quasi-experimental study. The sample included 117 pregnant women attending health facilities at la Dirección Regional de Salud (Diresa), Callao. Messages were sent to 58 pregnant women who formed the experimental group to improve their lifestyles and assistance to prenatal care (APC), while 59 pregnant women received routine education provided for pregnants. Messages were sent every three days. The nutritional status of the pregnant women was evaluated using the pre gestational BMI at the first visit of the APC. The weight gain was obtained from the difference between pre-gestational weight and weight recorded during the last controls.The adequate weight gain was 27.6% of intervened pregnancies and 25.4% in the non-intervened. The 79.3% pregnant had six or more NPC in the group intervened and 54.2% in the non-intervened. The weight gain was excessive in 5.1% in the non-intervened pregnant and 1.7% in the intervened. The highest percentage of pregnant women with adequate weight gain (32.0%) was observed in the intervened pregnancies with pre-gestacional overwhegith.There was no statistic difference in the use of mobile technology for a proper weight gain between both study groups. There were greater fulfillment of APC in intervened pregnancies compared to the non-intervened (p0.05).Evaluar la eficacia de la tecnología móvil en la ganancia adecuada de peso de las gestantes estudiadas.Estudio cuasi-experimental. Se incluyó a 117 gestantes que acudieron a establecimientos de salud de la Dirección Regional de Salud (Diresa), Callao. Se envió mensajes a 58 gestantes que conformaban el grupo experimental para mejorar sus estilos de vida y asistencia al control prenatal (CPN), mientras que 59 gestantes recibieron la educación rutinaria durante la gestación. Los mensajes se enviaron cada tres días. En la primera visita del control pre natal se evaluó el estado nutricional de las gestantes tomando como referencia el IMC pre gestacional. La ganancia de peso se obtuvo por diferencia entre el peso pre-gestacional y peso registrado durante los últimos controles.La ganancia de peso adecuada fue 27,6% de gestantes intervenidas y 25,4% en las no intervenidas. El 79,3% de gestantes tuvieron seis o más CPN en el grupo intervenido y 54,2% en las no intervenidas. La ganancia de peso fue excesiva en 5,1% en las gestantes no intervenidas y solo 1,7% en las intervenidas. El mayor porcentaje de gestantes con ganancia de peso adecuada (32,0%) se observó en las gestantes intervenidas con sobrepeso pre gestacional.No hubo diferencia estadística al usar la tecnología móvil para la adecuada ganancia de peso entre los grupos de estudio. Existió mayor cumplimiento de asistencia al CPN en el grupo de gestantes intervenidas comparado con el no intervenido (p0,05).

Coherence goes through the Classical and the Quantum domains and a complete QED analysis for a coupled Field Atom remains to be carried out. In CQED, in particular the single mode Jaynes Cummings Model, there is no realistic way to explore it. However, our recent work on the JCM in a Cross cavity shows such a capability: We explore not only the field coherence but also the dipole and photon number coherence.

Motile Aeromonas septicemia results from primary or secondary infection with bacteria from Aeromonas spp., including Aeromonas hydrophila. Since 2009, an emerging strain of A. hydrophila has been associated, as a primary pathogen, with significant morbidity and mortality in the U.S. catfish industry. Two 2 × 2 factorial experiments with five replicates were conducted to evaluate whether copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4) at a concentration of 1% of total alkalinity (total alkalinity = 98 mg/L as CaCO3; total hardness = 60 mg/L as CaCO3; pH = 7.4) can reduce mortality of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus after their exposure to this emerging strain of A. hydrophila. In experiment 1, fingerling channel catfish received an 18-h continuous bath exposure to CuSO4 after A. hydrophila challenge. Survival in the treatments challenged with A. hydrophila, both when exposed or unexposed to CuSO4, was significantly lower than survival in sham-exposed controls. Fish exposed to A. hydrophila and treated wit...

Data on fungemia epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of isolates from children are scarce, leading frequently to pediatric empirical treatment based on available adult data. The present study was designed to update the epidemiological, mycological, and in vitro susceptibility data on fungal isolates from children with fungemia in Spain. All fungemia episodes were identified prospectively by blood culture over 13 months at 30 hospitals. Tests of susceptibility to amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin were performed at participant institutions by a microdilution colorimetric method. New species-specific clinical breakpoints for fluconazole, voriconazole, and echinocandins were also applied. A total of 203 episodes of fungemia in 200 children were identified. A higher proportion of fungal isolates was from general wards than intensive care units (ICU). Candida parapsilosis (46.8%), Candida albicans (36.5%), Candida tropicalis (5.9%), Candida glabrata (3.9%), and Candida guilliermondii (2.5%) were the leading species. C. parapsilosis was the predominant species except in neonates. C. albicans was the most frequent in neonatal ICU settings (51.9%). Intravascular catheter (79.3%), surgery (35%), prematurity (30%), and neutropenia (11%) were the most frequent predisposing factors. Most Candida isolates (95.1%) were susceptible to all antifungals. When the new species-specific clinical breakpoints were applied, all C. parapsilosis isolates were susceptible to echinocandins except one, which was micafungin resistant. This is the largest published series of fungemia episodes in the pediatric setting. C. parapsilosis is the most prevalent species in Spain, followed by C. albicans and C. tropicalis . Resistance to azole and echinocandin agents is extremely rare among Candida species. The fluconazole resistance rate in Spain has decreased in the last 10 years.

a B S t r a c t Crataegus sp. has been used in the traditional medicine of Mexico as well as other countries for the treatment of several respiratory diseases, such as flu, cough and asthma. The tracheal relaxant effect of the leaves of C. mexicana is investigated here for the first time, through a bioassay-guided study by using isolated tracheal rings of guinea-pig as an experimental model. the hexane extract was the most active compared to dichloromethane and methanol. an active fraction was obtained from the hexane extract. Assays by HPLC-MS reveal that at least 14 compounds may exist in it. In addition, the results suggest that relaxant effect of the effective fraction was in part related to the activity of β-adrenergic receptors and not to K + atP channels. This study represents the first in which the relaxant effect of leaves of C. mexicana on tracheal rings of guinea pig was clearly demonstrated. More studies are required to correctly identify the bioactive compounds that contribute to the relaxant effects of Crataegus mexicana, and to know the mechanisms of action of these compounds.

Streptococcus agalactiae is classified as a Lancefield's group B Streptococcus . It is one causative bacterium of streptococcosis that is responsible for severe economic losses in wild and cultured fish worldwide. S. agalactiae also causes bovine mastitis. No information is available on infectivity of cattle S. agalactiae isolates in fish. In the present study, the results showed that 10 cattle isolates from 8 different dairy farms were not infectious in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) or channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) at greater than 10 8 colony forming units per fish. S. agalactiae was not re-isolated from the brain or head kidney of the fish at 24 and 48 h post-injection .

We analyze the Wigner function desribing thee cavity field in the x-cavity.We analyze the coherence properties of the quantum field in a two-dimensional matter-field interaction model. Such properties are discussed through the Wigner function and the expected value of the quadrature operators

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth, body composition, hematology, and resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus ,t oStreptococcus iniae challenge. Five isocaloric diets containing DDGS at levels of 0, 10, 20, and 40%, and 40% DDGS + lysine (Diets 1–5) as partial replacements of a combination of soybean meal (SBM) and corn meal (CM) on an equal protein basis were fed to juvenile Nile tilapia (9.41 6 0.14 g) for 10 wk. Fish fed Diet 4 had the lowest weight gain (WG), feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio (PER), and whole-body protein. Supplementation of lysine to the 40% DDGS diet (Diet 5) improved WG and PER. Hematological and immunological parameters were not affected by dietary treatment. There were no significant differences among the average number of days to first mortality after S. iniae challenge and cumulative mortality 14 d postchallenge among fish in various treatments. DDGS can be incorporated in tilapia diet at a level of 20% as a substitute for a combination of SBM and CM without affecting their growth performance, body composition, hematological parameters, immune response, and resistance to S. iniae infection.

There is evidence to support a relationship between oxidative stress and protease release in "ischemia-reperfusion damage." We have proposed that aprotinin may exert an antioxidant effect. A double blind clinical trial was performed with a control (G-1) and treated (G-2) groups, both submitted to CMCS. Blood samples were taken 5 times. Biochemical indicators were measured spectrophotometrically. Aprotinin was supplied by Bayer. Malonildialdehyde levels were greater in G-1 (7.2 +/- 3.6 nmoles/ml) than in G-2 (4 +/- 1.65) at the time of reperfusion. Phospholipase A2 exhibited a tendency of higher activity in G-1 than in G-2. Uric acid levels were higher in G-2 (431 +/- 274 mumoles/1) than in G-1 (224 +/- 188) at 5 minutes after aortic clamping, and catalase activity was greater in G-2 (294 +/- 55 KU/1) than in G-1 (118 +/- 47) at time of reperfusion. Low cardiac output was 10% in G-2 and 30% in G-1. Arrythmias appeared in 30% of G-2 and in 60% of G-1. These results suggest an antioxidant effect of aprotinin under ischemia-reperfusion conditions.

Streptococcus agalactiae, commonly known as group B streptococcus (GBS), is a cause of infectious disease in numerous animal species. This study examined the genetic relatedness of piscine, dolphin and human GBS isolates and bovine GBS reference strains from different geographical regions using serological and molecular serotyping and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) techniques. Piscine isolates originating from Kuwait, Brazil, Israel and the USA were capsular serotype Ia, a serotype previously unreported in GBS isolated from fish. Sequence typing of piscine isolates produced six sequence types (ST-7, ST-257, ST-258, ST-259, ST-260 and ST-261), the latter five representing allelic designations and allelic combinations not previously reported in theS. agalactiaeMLST database. Genomic diversity existed between dolphin and piscine GBS isolates from Kuwait and other geographical areas. Piscine GBS isolates from Brazil, Israel, Honduras and the USA appeared to represent a distinct genetic population of strains that were largely unrelated to human and bovine GBS. The Kuwait dolphin and piscine lineage (ST-7, Ia) was also associated with human neonatal infections in Japan. Comparative genomics of piscine, human and bovine GBS could help clarify those genes important for host tropism, the emergence of unique pathogenic clones and whether these hosts act as reservoirs of one another's pathogenic lineages.

Las enfermedades vasculares constituyen las terceras causas de muerte en Cuba. Su variante isquémica es causa de invalidez y perdida de la calidad de la vida. La búsqueda de agentes neuroprotectores es muy importante sí tenemos en cuenta que nuestra población está envejecida. Muchos son las razones por la que una molécula con propiedades neuroprotectoras en los modelos animales no tenga los resultados en ensayos clínicos en humanos. Este trabajo analiza y discute como mejorar estos aspectos. La Eritropoyetina humana recombinante (rHu EPO), conocido por su papel en la diferenciación del eritrocito, ha mostrado ser neuroprotector durante la isquemia cerebral en los modelos de animales adultos. De esta molécula se exponen los mecanismos de acción, que son las bases de los resultados positivos alcanzaron en las investigaciones preclínicas y los ensayos clínicos, que lo proponen como el neuroprotector ideal. Finalmente se comparan los resultados alcanzados por los autores en las investigaciones con la rHu EPO producida por el Centro Molecular de Inmunología de Cuba (CIM). El efecto de la aplicación de rHu EPO se evidenció por la disminución del edema cerebral, preservación de la conducta exploratoria y la disminución de la incidencia de señales clínicas de infarto cerebral y alteraciones patológicas. El grupo de resultados demostró las diferencias significantes entre los animales controles y tratados con el rHu EPO con los no tratados que sugieren que el rHu EPO debe ser considerado como una alternativa terapéutica contra el infarto cerebral en su fase aguda.

We calculate negative moments of the $N$-dimensional Laguerre distribution for the orthogonal, unitary, and symplectic symmetries. These moments correspond to those of the proper delay times, which are needed to determine the statistical fluctuations of several transport properties through classically chaotic cavities, like quantum dots and microwave cavities with ideal coupling.