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Peru's holds the highest COVID death rate per capita worldwide. Key to this outcome is the lack of robust, rapid, and accurate molecular tests to circumvent the elevated costs and logistics of SARS-CoV-2 detection via RT-qPCR. To facilitate massive and timely COVID-19 testing in rural and socioeconomically deprived contexts, we implemented and validated RCSMS, a rapid and sensitive CRISPR-Cas12a test for the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saliva. RCSMS uses the power of CRISPR-Cas technology and lateral flow strips to easily visualize the presence of SARS-CoV-2 even in laboratories with limited equipment. We show that a low-cost thermochemical treatment with TCEP/EDTA is sufficient to inactivate viral particles and cellular nucleases in saliva, eliminating the need to extract viral RNA with commercial kits, as well as the cumbersome nasopharyngeal swab procedure and the requirement of biosafety level 2 laboratories for molecular analyses. Notably, RCSMS performed outstandingly in a clinical validation done with 352 patients from two hospitals in Lima, detecting as low as 50 viral copies per 10 μl reaction in 40 min, with sensitivity and specificity of 96.5% and 99.0%, respectively, relative to RT-qPCR. The negative and positive predicted values obtained from this field validation indicate that RCSMS can be confidently deployed in both high and low prevalence settings. Like other CRISPR-Cas-based biosensors, RCSMS can be easily reprogrammed for the detection of new SARS-CoV-2 variants. We conclude that RCSMS is a fast, efficient and inexpensive alternative to RT-qPCR for expanding COVID-19 testing capacity in Peru and other low- and middle-income countries with precarious healthcare systems.

Abstract 8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a major oxidative base lesion, is highly accumulated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains during the pathogenic process. MTH1 hydrolyzes 8-oxo-dGTP to 8-oxo-dGMP, thereby avoiding 8-oxo-dG incorporation into DNA. 8-OxoG DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1) excises 8-oxoG paired with cytosine in DNA, thereby minimizing 8-oxoG accumulation in DNA. Levels of MTH1 and OGG1 are significantly reduced in the brains of sporadic AD cases. To understand how 8-oxoG accumulation in the genome is involved in AD pathogenesis, we established an AD mouse model with knockout of Mth1 and Ogg1 genes in a 3xTg-AD background. MTH1 and OGG1 deficiency increased 8-oxoG accumulation in nuclear and, to a lesser extent, mitochondrial genomes, causing microglial activation and neuronal loss with impaired cognitive function at 4–5 months of age. Furthermore, minocycline, which inhibits microglial activation and reduces neuroinflammation, markedly decreased the nuclear accumulation of 8-oxoG in microglia, and inhibited microgliosis and neuronal loss. Gene expression profiling revealed that MTH1 and OGG1 efficiently suppress progression of AD by inducing various protective genes against AD pathogenesis initiated by Aß/Tau accumulation in 3xTg-AD brain. Our findings indicate that efficient suppression of 8-oxoG accumulation in brain genomes is a new approach for prevention and treatment of AD.

Cognitive dysfunction and decreased mobility from aging and neurodegenerative conditions, such as Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases, are major biomedical challenges in need of more effective therapies. Increasing brain resilience may represent a new treatment strategy. Klotho, a longevity factor, enhances cognition when genetically and broadly overexpressed in its full, wild-type form over the mouse lifespan. Whether acute klotho treatment can rapidly enhance cognitive and motor functions or induce resilience is a gap in our knowledge of its therapeutic potential. Here, we show that an α-klotho protein fragment (αKL-F), administered peripherally, surprisingly induced cognitive enhancement and neural resilience despite impermeability to the blood-brain barrier in young, aging, and transgenic α-synuclein mice. αKL-F treatment induced cleavage of the NMDAR subunit GluN2B and also enhanced NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity. GluN2B blockade abolished αKL-F-mediated effects. Peripheral αKL-F treatment is sufficient to induce neural enhancement and resilience in mice and may prove therapeutic in humans.

The influence of sex - related chromosomal arrangement in an YY and XY population of Oreochromis niloticus males was investigated in this study. A better spermatic mobility, motility, viability, confluence and less abnormality were found in double Y - chromosome males (YY - males), compared to XY - males; however, this better spermatic quality did not correlate with the body weight of individuals which was significantly better in XY - males. This study establishes the influence of YY - re lated sequences over spermatic quality and indicates the usefulness of the YY technology as a strategy to obtain better fish breeders and genetically male individuals for a tilapia farming program.

Our lives are filled with various kinds of risks that can occur at any time, one of which is the risk of death which can come to us all at any time. Some people are trying to find solutions so that when the risk of death occurs, the family left behind will still have the same economic capacity so that the family can continue to have a good quality and standard of life. This research aims to analyze the position of life insurance policies in Indonesian inheritance law. This research is included in normative juridical legal research or literature. This type of research is descriptive in nature and relies on secondary data collected using library study techniques. Based on this study, it is concluded that life insurance funds obtained as a result of an event or death are not inherited assets. Payment of the policy insurance money is given to the beneficiaries whose names are listed in the life insurance policy.

La definición de los árboles fuera del bosque (AFB) contempla a los productos forestales no madereros y constituyen un conjunto de bienes y servicios que tributan a la producción de alimentos en diferentes formas agrícolas. La investigación se realizó en la finca familiar Maripa, municipio de Cumanayagua, provincia Cienfuegos, Cuba, con el objetivo de analizar la evolución en el tiempo de los AFB en el área de ubicación de la finca. Se abordó un análisis diacrónico a través del método de los cortes sincrónicos, con un diseño de investigación transversal y enfoque descriptivo, donde se midieron aspectos cualitativos y cuantitativos sin manipular variables. El eje temporal elegido se concretó en tres cortes sucesivos, 1935-1965, 1966-1996 y 1997-2023, con una reconstrucción aproximada de las condiciones de aquellos elementos más significativos del paisaje. Se calcularon indicadores ecológicos, ajustados a los AFB presentes en la finca en el tercer corte. Resultó en el tiempo una dinámica de cambio del paisaje hacia un agroecosistema, con un 21,95 % de especies no presentes en la finca al cierre del primer semestre del año 2023 en relación con el período 1935-1965. En la actualidad se cuantificaron 64 especies pertenecientes a 33 familias botánicas, con mayor representación de: Fabaceae, Annonaceae, Anacardeaceae y Sapotaceae. Los índices ecológicos mostraron una alta diversidad y riqueza de especies, con baja dominancia.

This paper investigates the effects of sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) on the wettability of the surface of the two most common recycled plastics in refrigeration equipment: HIPS (high-impact polystyrene) and ABS (acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene). These plastics, in the form of flakes, were identified on the basis of their FTIR spectra, and then, they were subjected to a study of contact angles using the sessile droplet method. The solutions for the angle analysis included tap water with the addition of SLES. The results of this study showed that at SLES concentrations of 0.1 g/L and 0.2 g/L, the differences in the contact angles for HIPS and ABS were 10.76° and 10.10°, respectively. This research confirmed the potential of using SLES as a support for the flotation separation of plastics with similar densities and surface characteristics, such as HIPS and ABS.

The municipality of Salvador, situated in Brazil, distinguished itself as the epicenter of the emergence of microcephaly related to congenital manifestations of Zika syndrome. Despite the anticipated significant developmental setbacks in these children, research has indicated a varied range of outcomes, with certain instances even reflecting minimal developmental delay. Our objective was to pinpoint determinants that could forecast developmental anomalies in children diagnosed with microcephaly associated with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Methodology: A forward-looking clinical and neurodevelopmental examination was conducted focusing on neonates diagnosed with microcephaly with CZS, birthed between September 2015 and April 2016 at the Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, in Salvador city. That infants were monitored up to their third year by a multiprofessional team. Child development was assessed using the composite Bayley III score. Undertaken by two blinded experts, cranial CT scan analysis was performed during the neonate period for the detection of brain abnormalities and to quantify ventricle enlargement, measured by Evans’ index (EI). Results: Fifty newborns were evaluated with a median head circumference of 28 cm (interquartile range 27–31 cm). EI was associated with neurodevelopmental delay at three years and remained significant after adjustment for head circumference. A 0.1-point increase in EI was associated with a delay of 3.2 months in the receptive language (p = 0.016), 3.4 months in the expressive language (p = 0.016), 3.4 months in the cognitive (p = 0.016), 2.37 months in the gross motor (p = 0.026), and 3.1 months in the fine motor (p = 0.021) domains. Conclusions: EI predicted neurodevelopmental delay in all Bayley domains in children with microcephaly associated with CZS.

e oristic inventory and the study of the vegetation of the Caletón de Don Bruno was carried out with the aim of show the values of the ora and vegetation in this locality. e oristic list of species and vegetation characterization is offered, as well as the current habitat situation. e studies show an area of high oristic richness composed of 164 species of phanerogam plants with 14.63 % of endemism. Among endemic species, two are exclusive to the area. e main plants formations identi ed were the coastal and sub-coastal xeromorphic scrub and the evergreen microphyllous forest. e most frequent threats of anthropic origin are forest res and illegal logging, with an impact on the loss of habitat quality and the vulnerability of several species.

The study of the relationship between the quality of seeds and their germination provides key information for the conservation of these species and the establishment of management programs. Juglans jamaicensis C. DC (walnut) is an endangered species, located in the main mountain systems of Cuba. Populations of this species have suffered a drastic reduction due to different natural and anthropic factors. The aims of this study was to determine the relationship between the seed quality parameters (size and weight) of J. jamaicensis and its germination. The seeds were collected in San Blas and El Nicho, located in the Guamuhaya Mountain, south central Cuba, which were measured and weight. Subsequently, the germination time and its success were determined. It was determined if there was a relationship between the size and weight of the seeds with the location a and the percentage germinated seeds. The average weight of the seeds was 4,84 g and the average size was 22,93 mm. The average germination time was 39,99 days, while the success was 37,4%. Both height, weight and germination time were different between locations; while the first two influenced the germination time. The results obtained confirm that J. jamaicensis has an erratic germination, where the quality of the seed is an element to be considered in the breeding and recovery programs of the species in the natural environment.

The present manuscript intends to deepen the responsibility that the Public Accountant acquires in front of his work, which is immersed in the fulfillment of applicable norms, legal principles, and techniques, that must be carried out so that the work is carried out to satisfaction. For this reason, in the Public Accounting Guild since its passage through the academy, there is a need to advocate the importance of professional ethics, given that there is a lack of commitment in the exercise of this profession. The objective that guides this research is to analyze the causes contemplated in Chapter IV of Law 43 of 1990 -Code of Professional Ethics-, based on the criminalized cases of practicing professionals who were sanctioned by the Central Board of Accountants during the period that covers 2014-2016, in Colombia. The information provided by the Central Board of Accountants will be taken as the foundation for the methodological construction, with which it is hoped to build the matrix that will guide the mixed methodological development of the research, where all the ethical principles violated by the accountants can be contemplated public, whether due to ignorance, omission, doubts in the ideal development of the profession or external pressures. Throughout the investigation, weaknesses were evident in regard to the duties that the Public Accountant must assume.

The power of interpretation in the analysis of cranial computed tomography (CCT) among neurosurgeons and radiologists has rarely been studied. This study aimed to assess the rate of agreement in the interpretation of CCTs between neurosurgeons and a radiologist in an emergency department. Method 227 CCT were independently analyzed by two neurosurgeons (NS1 and NS2) and a radiologist (RAD). The level of agreement in interpreting the examination was studied. Results The Kappa values obtained between NS1 and NS2 and RAD were considered nearly perfect and substantial agreement. The highest levels of agreement when evaluating abnormalities were observed in the identification of tumors, hydrocephalus and intracranial hematomas. The worst levels of agreement were observed for leukoaraiosis and reduced brain volume. Conclusions For diseases in which the emergency room procedure must be determined, agreement in the interpretation of CCTs between the radiologist and neurosurgeons was satisfactory.

Introducción: Inhibidores del sistema renina-angiotensina (IECAS/ARA II), diuréticos y AINES, combinación conocida como “Triple Whammy”, pueden producir descenso de filtrado glomerular y fracaso renal agudo (FRA). Objetivos: Describir la incidencia de FRA para cada tipo de fármaco y sus combinaciones. Caracterizar el perfil de paciente que ingresa por FRA extrahospitalario secundario a fármacos de la Triple Whammy (FRAETW), evaluando costes y mortalidad. Métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo realizado durante 15 meses y desarrollado en tres etapas: - 1° Etapa transversal de identificación y descripción de los ingresos hospitalarios por FRAETW. - 2° Etapa de seguimiento de una cohorte ambulatoria consumidora de estos fármacos (15.307 consumidores) - 3° Etapa de cohortes para evaluar costes y mortalidad, contrastando 62 pacientes ingresados con FRAETW, con 62 pacientes sin FRA, apareados por especialidad médica, sexo, edad y comorbilidad según Clinical Risk Groups. Resultados: 85 ingresos por FRAETW, 78% mayores de 70 años. Incidencia poblacional de FRAETW: 3,40 casos/1.000 consumidores/año (IC95% 2,59-4,45). Por categorías: AINES + diuréticos 8,99(IC95% 3,16-25,3), la “Triple Whammy” 8,82(IC 95% 4,4-17,3), IECA/ARA II + diuréticos 6,87(IC95% 4,81-9,82) y la monoterapia con diuréticos 3,31(IC95% 1,39-7,85). Estancia media 7,6 días (DE 6,4), estimándose coste medio evitable de 214.604 €/100.000 habitantes/año. Mortalidad del 11,3% durante el ingreso y del 38,7% a los 12 meses, sin diferencias significativas con los controles. Conclusiones: El tratamiento con IECA, ARA II, diuréticos y/o AINES presenta elevada incidencia de ingreso por FRA, siendo los diuréticos en monoterapia, doble y triple terapia combinada los que ocasionan la mayor incidencia. El FRAETW supone elevados costes sanitarios y muertes evitables.

Background: Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (ACEI/ARB-II), diuretics and NSAIDs, a combination known as “Triple Whammy”, can result in decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and acute kidney injury (AKI). Objectives: To describe the incidence of AKI for each drug type and their combinations. To define the profile of patients admitted for drug-related AKI secondary to Triple Whammy drugs (AKITW), with an assessment of costs and mortality. Methods: A retrospective observational 15-month study developed in three stages: –First: a cross-sectional stage to identify and describe hospitalizations due to AKITW. –Second: a follow-up stage of an outpatient cohort consuming these drugs (15,307 subjects). –Third: a cohort stage to assess costs and mortality, which compared 62 hospitalized patients with AKITW and 62 without AKI, paired by medical specialty, sex, age and comorbidity according to their Clinical Risk Groups. Results: There were 85 hospitalization episodes due to AKITW, and 78% of patients were over the age of 70. The incidence of AKITW in the population was 3.40 cases/1000 users/year (95% CI: 2.59–4.45). By categories, these were: NSAIDs + diuretics 8.99 (95% CI: 3.16–25.3); Triple Whammy 8.82 (95% CI: 4.4–17.3); ACEI/ARB-II + diuretics 6.87 (95% CI: 4.81–9.82); and monotherapy with diuretics 3.31 (95% CI: 1.39–7.85). Mean hospital stay was 7.6 days (SD 6.4), and mean avoidable costs were estimated at €214,604/100,000 inhabitants/year. Mortality during hospitalization and at 12 months was 11.3% and 38.7% respectively, and there were no significant differences when compared with the control group. Conclusions: Treatment with ACEI, ARB-II, diuretics and/or NSAIDs shows a high incidence of hospitalization episodes due to AKI; diuretics as monotherapy or dual and triple combination therapy cause the highest incidence. AKITW involves high health care costs and avoidable mortality.

Introducción: La desnutrición en pacientes crónicos en diálisis tiene una alta prevalencia e importante repercusión en la morbimortalidad. Dado que no existen estudios previos en nuestro servicio, planteamos un estudio cuyo objetivo es evaluar el estado nutricional y los factores asociados. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal, el segundo trimestre de 2015, en los pacientes en programa de hemodiálisis de un hospital comarcal. Se registró la edad, sexo, I. de Charlson, técnica de diálisis, IMC, tiempo en diálisis, albúmina, PCR, colesterol y transferrina séricas. Se utilizó como instrumento la Valoración global subjetiva y el Score Malnutrición Inflamación. Resultados: Se analizaron 35 pacientes, la edad media fue 72,2 años (DS: 11,8), 34,3% fueron mujeres, el IMC es 27,1 (DS: 4,9), I. de Charlson 6,4 (DS: 1,7), 77,1% hacían diálisis convencional y 22,9% hemodiafiltración en línea. Según el test MIS el 46% tenía buen estado nutricional y 54% estaba mal nutrido. Según la VGS 66% tenía buen estado nutricional, 31% riesgo de desnutrición y 3% desnutrición severa. La VGS se relaciona con el IMC (p: 0,02), creatinina (p: 0,001), colesterol total (p: 0,02) y PCR (p: 0,01); no con la edad, tiempo en hemodiálisis, I. Charlson, transferrina y albúmina(p> 0,05). El Score Malnutrición Inflamación (MIS) se relaciona con el IMC (p: 0,002), I. Charlson (p: 0,01), creatinina ORIGINAL http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S2254-288420170000200004 (p: 0,009) y PCR (p: 0,02); no con la edad, tiempo en hemodiálisis, colesterol total, transferrina y albúmina (p> 0,05). Conclusión: Existe buena correlación entre las dos herramientas y los parámetros analíticos utilizados. Los pacientes en hemodiafiltración en línea tienen buen estado nutricional. No existe un único parámetro que valore la nutrición. Se sugiere que es necesaria la valoración nutricional dada la alta prevalencia que existe.

OBJECTIVE: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage puts patients at high risk for the development of pituitary insufficiency. We evaluated the incidence of pituitary dysfunction in these patients and its correlation with clinical outcome. METHODS: Pituitary function was tested in 66 consecutive patients in the first 15 days after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The following were measured in all patients: thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, total testosterone (in males), estradiol (in females), prolactin, serum cortisol, plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone and insulin growth factor. RESULTS: The endocrine assessment was made at a mean of 7.4 days (standard deviation ±6.6) after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Forty-four (66.7%) female and 22 (33.3%) male patients were evaluated. Thirty-nine patients (59.1%) had some type of pituitary dysfunction. Follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone deficiency was the most frequent disorder (34.8%), followed by growth hormone/insulin growth factor (28.7%), adrenocorticotropic hormone (18.1%) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (9%). Seventeen (25.7%) patients showed deficiencies in more than one axis. A greater incidence of hormone deficiency was observed in patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤13 (t test, p = 0.008), Hunt-Hess grade ≥4 (t test, p0.05) with increased hospitalization or clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: Pituitary dysfunction was identified in a substantial portion of patients with previous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, but no association was found between this dysfunction and poor clinical outcome.

Existen múltiples reportes del efecto genotóxico y cancerígeno del cromo VI, los seres humanos tenemos una permanente exposición a este elemento. Objetivos. Evidencias la genotoxicidad del dicromato de potasio utilizando como sistema biológico a Oreochromis niloticus "tilapia", mediante el test de micronúcleos y la cuantificación de nuclear buds, en eritrocitos de sangre periférica. Materiales y métodos. Los individuos fueron expuestos a concentraciones crecientes (0,0, 0,2, 0,4 y 0,8 ppm) de dicromato de potasio. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre periférica, del arco branquial de cada individuo (cuatro por grupo), a los tres y siete días de tratamiento, las cuales fueron procesadas y coloreadas con Giemsa 5% y se cuantificaron eritrocitos con micronúcleos y nuclear buds en sangre periférica. Resultados. Se encontró un incremento significativo de las frecuencias de micronúcleos y nuclear buds directamente proporcional a la concentración del dicromato de potasio en los individuos expuestos (p

Introducción: Los pacientes en hemodiálisis tienen síntomas y trastornos emocionales como ansiedad y depresión. Son pocos los estudios que valoren el diagnóstico mediante la Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); nuestro objetivo es conocer la prevalencia de la ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en programa de hemodiálisis. Metodología: Estudio transversal durante el primer trimestre del 2012. Realizado en el servicio de hemodiálisis del hospital de Palamós. Se incluyeron pacientes en programa crónico de hemodiálisis que llevaban como mínimo un mes. Se registró la edad, sexo, talla, peso, índice de masa corporal, índice de Charlson, tiempo en hemodiálisis y número de fármacos. Se utilizó la escala HADS (versión española de Caro-Ibáñez). Resultados: Se analizaron 49 pacientes, 25% fueron mujeres, la edad media 67,2 años, I. Charlson 4,6 (DE:4,5), tiempo en HD 39,9 meses (DE:43,8), IMC 26,9 (DE:4,5), turno de mañana 52,9 % y tarde 50,9 %. La sintomatología depresiva representa 42,9% (IC95% 33,7%-60,6%) y la ansiosa 32,7 % (IC95% 21,2%-46,6%) según la escala HADS. La ansiedad presenta relación estadísticamente significativa con el índice de masas corporal inferior y sexo femenino, la depresión con una edad más elevada, índice de masa corporal inferior y el turno de la mañana. Conclusiones: Existe una alta prevalencia de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis. Un índice de masa corporal bajo se relaciona con la ansiedad y depresión, la mayor edad con la depresión y la ansiedad es más frecuente en mujeres. Nuestro estudio sugiere que es necesario un mayor control, seguimiento y tratamiento de las alteraciones emocionales en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica.

O xantoastrocitoma pleomórfico é uma neoplasia rara, classificada como grau II ou III pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, a depender do aspecto histopatológico. Descrevemos dois casos de portadores de xantoastrocitoma pleomórfico, cujo tratamento escolhido foi cirúrgico. A associação com quimioterapia foi realizada em um dos pacientes. Haja vista a baixa freqüência desse tipo de neoplasia, torna-se fundamental a realização de novos estudos para o desenvolvimento de protocolos de tratamento que vislumbrem a diminuição da taxa de recidivas.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a freqüência de trauma craniencefálico (TCE) nos indivíduos entre 0 e 19 anos, de acordo com o gênero, idade e etiologia. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo realizado por meio da pesquisa em prontuário e relato das vítimas de trauma craniencefálico com idade até 19 anos, admitidas em hospital de referência para o atendimento a politraumatizados no Estado da Bahia, por um período de 1 ano. RESULTADOS: Amostra constituída de 390 pacientes, dentre os quais 280 (71,8%) eram do sexo masculino. A faixa etária mais acometida foi a de adolescentes (10 a 19 anos) com 177 pacientes (45,4%). A causa mais comum foi a queda de altura (34,4%). Segundo a pontuação na Escala de Coma de Glasgow, 89% dos pacientes sofreram TCE leve. CONCLUSÃO: O grupo de adolescentes foi o mais atingido, sendo a queda de altura a principal causa de TCE, com predomínio do gênero masculino, havendo preponderância do trauma leve.OBJECTIVE: To verify the frequency of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the people between 0 and 19 years of age, in accordance to gender, age and cause of trauma. METHOD: Descriptive study made through a period of a year, in all TBI victims, aged until 19 years admitted in a reference trauma center. RESULTS: The sample had a total of 390 patients; 280 (71.8%) were boys. The main age of the victims was between 10 to 19 years (adolescents) with 177 patients (45.4%). The most common cause of trauma was height falls (34.4%). According to the Glasgow Coma Scale, 89% had suffered mild TBI. CONCLUSION: The main group of victims was the adolescents; the most important cause of TBI was height fall, with masculine predominance and mild trauma.

The Bamboo plants have fascinated growers and have motivated several specialists in their study due to their beauty and many applications. They are mostly originated in tropical and subtropical regions of the planet. In Cuba, the level of endemism is low and there are primarily herbaceous size species. For this reason, tree-sized woody species present in Cuba were introduced mainly by the Harvard Botanical Garden, Cienfuegos Botanical Garden today. The main objective is to study the economic potential and adaptation under the climatic conditions of Cuba, overlooking the extensive use of these resources. In previous years the use of these species has only been for emerging and craft work and its extension in reforestation plans has been limited. In 1989 began the first steps to encourage the cultivation and application of this wonder plant in our country. In this paper we show the results achieved in the propagation of bamboo in twenty years of work under different conditions. This helps to diversify the results in several provinces of the country with prospects for a local bamboo economy. Besides, it encourages job opportunities, satisfaction of many basic needs and import substitutions. Keyword: Poaceas, reforest, woody plants

El presente bloque corresponde a un debate sobre fertilizacion In Vitro auspiciado por la Comisión nacional de Bioética y el Intec. Una visión multidisciplinaria hace un enfoque sobre las nuevas tecnologías y conocimientos que empiezan a imponerse en el país como signos de avance. El resto de las intervenciones intentan buscar una visión multidisciplinaria que aborda desde la perspectiva psicológica, legal, teológica y bioética. Todos esos aportes concluyen en el cuestionamiento de saber "Si todo lo técnicamente posible es éticamente correcto".