Search

Additional file 1. Search strategy and terms.

Additional file 2. Interview analysis codebook.

Additional file 1. Semi-structured interview guide.

Policy marker interview guide for key informant interviews. Description of data: Sample of interview guide for key informant interviews with policy makers. (DOCX 15Â kb)

Additional file 2: Table S1. Bibliometric data. Table S2. Clinical trial infrastructures and intellectual property rights. Table S3. R&D personnel. Table S4. R&D expenditure. Table S5. Regulatory capacities. Table S6. Funding. Table S7. Regression summary for gross domestic product and number of publications. Figure S1. The relationship between gross domestic product and publications. Figure S2. The relationship between gross domestic product per capita and publications per capita. Table S8. Regression summary for gross domestic product per capita and the number of publications per capita. Figure S3. The relationship between gross domestic product and patent applications. Table S9. Regression summary for gross domestic product and patent applications. Figure S4. The relationship between gross domestic product per capita and patent applications per capita. Table S10. Regression summary for gross domestic product per capita and patent applications per capita. Figure S5. The relationship between gross domestic product and GERD. Table S11. Regression summary for gross domestic product and GERD. Figure S6. The relationship between gross domestic product per capita and GERD per capita. Table S12. Regression summary for gross domestic product per capita and GERD per capita. Figure S7. The relationship between gross domestic product and universities. Table S13. Regression summary for gross domestic product and universities. Figure S8. The relationship between gross domestic product per capita and universities per capita. Table S14. Regression summary for gross domestic product per capita and universities per capita. Figure S9. The relationship between gross domestic product and clinical trials. Table S15. Regression summary for gross domestic product and clinical trials. Figure S10. The relationship between gross domestic product per capita and clinical trials per capita. Table S16. Regression summary for gross domestic product per capita and clinical trials per capita.

Additional file 2: Table S1. Bibliometric data. Table S2. Clinical trial infrastructures and intellectual property rights. Table S3. R&D personnel. Table S4. R&D expenditure. Table S5. Regulatory capacities. Table S6. Funding. Table S7. Regression summary for gross domestic product and number of publications. Figure S1. The relationship between gross domestic product and publications. Figure S2. The relationship between gross domestic product per capita and publications per capita. Table S8. Regression summary for gross domestic product per capita and the number of publications per capita. Figure S3. The relationship between gross domestic product and patent applications. Table S9. Regression summary for gross domestic product and patent applications. Figure S4. The relationship between gross domestic product per capita and patent applications per capita. Table S10. Regression summary for gross domestic product per capita and patent applications per capita. Figure S5. The relationship between gross domestic product and GERD. Table S11. Regression summary for gross domestic product and GERD. Figure S6. The relationship between gross domestic product per capita and GERD per capita. Table S12. Regression summary for gross domestic product per capita and GERD per capita. Figure S7. The relationship between gross domestic product and universities. Table S13. Regression summary for gross domestic product and universities. Figure S8. The relationship between gross domestic product per capita and universities per capita. Table S14. Regression summary for gross domestic product per capita and universities per capita. Figure S9. The relationship between gross domestic product and clinical trials. Table S15. Regression summary for gross domestic product and clinical trials. Figure S10. The relationship between gross domestic product per capita and clinical trials per capita. Table S16. Regression summary for gross domestic product per capita and clinical trials per capita.

Rapid urbanization in Africa has been linked to the growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Urbanization processes have amplified lifestyle risk factors for NCDs (including unhealthy diets, tobacco use, harmful alcohol intake, and physical inactivity), especially among individuals of low and middle social economic status. Nevertheless, African countries are not keeping pace with the ever increasing need for population-level interventions such as health promotion through education, screening, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as structural measures such as policies and legislation to prevent and control the upstream factors driving the NCD epidemic. This chapter highlights the NCD burden in urban Africa, along with the social determinants and existing interventions against NCDs. The chapter concludes by offering insights into policy and legislative opportunities and recommends stronger efforts to apply multisectoral and intersectoral approaches in policy formulation, implementation, and monitoring at multiple levels to address the NCD epidemic in African cities.