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Doping of Mn2+ greatly enhances the non-pre-irradiated near-infrared mechanoluminescence (NIR ML) of CaZnOS:Nd3+ by energy transfer from the host to Mn2+ to Nd3+. This effect allows the acquisition of NIR ML images with high signal-to-background ratios in biomechanical imaging.

Encapsulation of microfiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MMZI) sensor for temperature and salinity sensing in seawater is developed. It includes a C-shape metal tube with a slit on the bottom and polymer adhesive with large elasticity modulus, by which a more robust sensor with relatively fast response can be obtained. To evaluate the performance of sensor after encapsulation, effects of different polymer adhesives on tension withstanding, temperature and salinity sensitivities are evaluated, and dependence of response time on shape of metal tube is investigated. Results show that sensitivities of the sensor in temperature and salinity sensing can reach to be about −1.77 nm/°C and 1.18 nm/ ‰, and response times are about 219.0 ms and 12.5 ms, respectively. By comparing temperatures and salinities measured by sensor with those measured by commercial device, accuracy of the sensor after encapsulation is proved. In addition, cross-sensitivities of strain/pressure and short/long-term stability after encapsulation are also evaluated. Finally, based on the basic structure, further improvements are attempted, such as double encapsulation with stainless steel mesh and complex encapsulation with two kinds of polymer. Encapsulations of MMZI demonstrated here show advantages of low cost, improved robustness, relatively fast response, long-term stability and easy expandability, which will not only afford a critical support for optical sensors operated in the ocean, but also offer some useful references for microfiber sensors used in other sensing applications.

Background Circulating genetically abnormal cells (CACs) with specific chromosome variations have been confirmed to be present in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the diagnostic performance of CAC detection remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the potential clinical application of the CAC test for the early diagnosis of NSCLC. Methods In this prospective study, a total of 339 participants (261 lung cancer patients and 78 healthy volunteers) were enrolled. An antigen‐independent fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to enumerate the number of CACs in peripheral blood. Results Patients with early‐stage NSCLC were found to have a significantly higher number of CACs than those of healthy participants (1.34 vs. 0.19; P, Workflow of circulating genetically abnormal cells enumeration. Circulating genetically abnormal cell detection in early stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer was feasible. Circulating genetically abnormal cell test has good stability and adaptability for different patient populations. Circulating genetically abnormal cells could be used as a promising noninvasive biomarker for the early diagnosis of NSCLC.

Anoectochilus roxburghii and Anoectochilus formasanus are the major species of genus Anoectochilus used in traditional Chinese medicine for their abundant content of flavonoids and some other medicinal constituents. In recent years, their wild resources are gradually exhausted due to over-collection and ecological deterioration. Artificial cultivation and tissue culture are employed to increase production. In this study, the open reading frame, promoter and genomic sequences of the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene were cloned from these two species according to their transcriptome information, and used for expression analysis in response to the induction of phenylalanine, ultraviolet light and NaCl, and its effect investigation on accumulation of flavonoids. The results showed that the expression of the CHS genes was upregulated in response to these inductions and resulted in increasing accumulation of total flavonoids. However, the increased flavonoids induced by phenylalanine and ultraviolet light were mainly allocated into the anthocyanidin branch of flavonoids biosynthesis. Not only did it improved the medicinal value, but might have inhibitory effect on plant growth because of the increased malondialdehyde accumulation. Under the induction of appropriate concentration of NaCl, the medicinal constituents of flavonoids were increased without inhibition to plant growth.

Osteoarthritis (OA) has been recognized as an age-related degenerative disease commonly seen in the elderly that affects the whole “organ” including cartilage, subchondral bone, synovium, and muscles. An increasing number of studies have suggested that the accumulation of senescent cells triggering by various stresses in the local joint contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related diseases including OA. In this review, we mainly focus on the role of the senescent skeletal cells (chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocyte, and muscle cells) in initiating the development and progression of OA alone or through cross-talk with the macrophages/synovial cells. Accordingly, we summarize the current OA-targeted therapies based on the abovementioned theory, e.g., by eliminating senescent skeletal cells and/or inhibiting the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that drives senescence. Furthermore, the existing animal models for the study of OA from the perspective of senescence are highlighted to fill the gap between basic research and clinical applications. Overall, in this review, we systematically assess the current understanding of cellular senescence in OA, which in turn might shed light on the stratified OA treatments.

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Zemeros flegyas (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) is 15,219 bp in length, harboring typical 37 mitochondrial genes (13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs) and an ...

Mechanoluminescence (ML) is generated during exposures of certain materials to mechanical stimuli. Many solid materials produce ML during their fracturing, however, the irreversibility of fracto-induced ML limits the practical applications of these materials. In 1999, Chao-Nan Xu discovered an intense and reproducible ML from trap-controlled materials, including ZnS:Mn2+ and SrAl2O4:Eu2+, and introduced the principles and applications of hybrid inorganic/organic mechanoluminescent (ML) composites, and related sensors to visualize stress/strain in target structures. This discovery has triggered intense research interest in trap-controlled ML materials and composites over the past 2 decades. Notable achievements of this research include the development of trap-controlled materials that exhibit bright ML emission from the ultraviolet to the near infra-red, and multiscale mechano-optical sensitivities. This research has also increased our understanding of the mechanisms of ML phenomena, enabling the rational design of trap-controlled ML materials. Practical applications of ML are also being driven by the discovery that ML composites can serve as “mechano-optical sensitive skin” for structural health diagnosis, stress sensors for biomechanics, and mechanically-activated light sources. This review focuses on the design, synthesis, characterization, optimization and application of trap-controlled ML materials, and concludes with discussions on future directions of ML research and specific challenges to improve ML materials for real-world applications.

Background Most previous studies of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are based on the CellSearch platform, but CellSearch has a number of limitations. This study aimed to use the LiquidBiopsy system and immunofluorescence to test the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status of CTCs in patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods The LiquidBiopsy system was used to detect HER2-positive (HER2 + ) cells in whole blood by microfluidic immunomagnetic bead screening and immunofluorescence assay, according to the manufacturer;s instructions. HER2 expression on CTCs was assessed using the Ariol system, calibrated through spiking experiments of 100 cells (BT474, SKBR3, A431, and MDA-MB-231) and 2.5 × 10 7 white blood cells/mL from healthy donors. Seventy-one patients with breast cancer and 107 non-cancer donors consented to provide blood. Results Based on breast cancer cell lines experiments, HER2 + CTCs were defined as CTCs with HER2 immunofluorescence intensity ≥ 3.5 times higher than the CD45 immunofluorescence intensity (100% sensitivity and 99.9% specificity). Among the 71 patients with breast cancer, 31 (43.7%) had HER2 + tumor. Among the HER2 + patients, 41.9% (13/31) were found to be HER2 + based on CTC ≥ 1, and 25.8% (8/31) were positive based on CTC ≥ 3. In HER2-negative patients by pathologic examination, 1 (2.5%) patient was found to have ≥ 3 HER2 + CTCs, whereas 15 (37.5%) patients had ≥ 1 HER2 + CTC. HER2 + CTCs were detected at all stages, even in early breast cancer, but the detection rate was higher in metastatic breast cancer. Conclusion This proof-of-concept study strongly suggests that HER2 + CTCs can be detected using the LiquidBiopsy system.

Polycrystalline Sm1−xLaxFeO3 (SLFO, x = 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2) samples were prepared by solid state reaction method. The effects of La ions doping on the structure and magnetic properties of SLFO samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and magnetic characterization (magnetic hysteresis loops and temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility). La ions could be successfully doped into SLFO up to 20% without phase transformation. By diluting the magnetic Sm ions with this non-magnetic La ions, the magnetic anisotropy energy of SLFO increased first and then followed by dropping, so the exchange bias (EB) field also increased first and then dropped. Temperature induced spin switching can be observed after zero field cooling procedure.

Simultaneous monitoring multiple drug delivery with different drug ratios can obtain the real-time relationship between drug ratios and therapeutic effects, which can accelerate the composite drugs development for some uncertain epidemics. We introduce a method of constructing flexible inorganic core-shell nanofibers with tunable multicolor upconversion fluorescence to satisfy the demand of simultaneous monitoring. The tunable green to red ratio varying from 5 to 0.3 is obtained by proposed pretreatment followed by reoxidation process, which need not to change chemical constituents or concentrations thereby would not bring about disadvantageous fibrous morphology and bad spinnability. Compared with traditional method that cannot monitor dual drug delivery and show a low sensitivity, the nanofibers prepared by our new method exhibit a high sensitivity verified by simultaneously monitoring dual drug delivery with multiple different drug ratios. Due to the tunable green to red ratio and appropriate selection criteria, these nanofibers exhibit a broad detection range of two drugs without losing excellent sensitivity, which cannot be achieved by conventional single-drug monitoring system.

Trap-controlled mechanoluminescent (ML) materials characterized by reproducible mechanoluminescence (ML) after irradiation recharging have shown attractive prospects in applications including stress distribution visualization, stress-driven light sources, and anti-counterfeiting. However, these materials generally suffer from the difficulty of achieving non-decaying ML when subjected to continuous mechanical stimulation. Herein, we develop a trap-controlled reproducible ML material, Li2MgGeO4:Mn2+, and report its short-term non-decaying ML behavior. Investigation of trap properties suggests that the unique non-decaying ML behavior should arise from the deep traps existing in Li2MgGeO4:Mn2+, which provide electron replenishment for shallow traps that release small numbers of electrons during short-term cyclic friction. Our results are expected to provide a reference for the ultimate achievement of long-term non-decaying ML in such materials.

Due to a variety of outstanding physical and chemical properties such as wide band gap, low resistance, good catalysis, high surface-to-volume ratio, high sensitivity and strong interaction with gas molecules, one-dimensional (1D) micro- and nanoscale indium oxide (In2O3) structures are capable for high-performance optical, electrical and chemical devices, which have attracted much attention in the last decade. In this paper, we first summarize various fabrication methods of 1D micro- and nanoscale In2O3 structures such as chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal method, thermal evaporation method and electrospinning, then the interesting electrical and optical properties and their potential applications including gas sensors, field-emission transitions, photocatalysts and ultraviolet detectors are reviewed. At last, in order to fulfill the potential applications of 1D micro- and nanoscale In2O3 structures, some challenges have also been discussed.

Trap-controlled mechanoluminescence (ML) enables the direct observation of stress concentration of load-bearing objects through imaging the ML distribution, showing numerous prospects in stress detection, bio-imaging and optical displays. However, the applications of trap-controlled ML materials universally require long-time delay to fade the noise of symbiotic persistent luminescence (PersL) in order to achieve high-contrast ML images. In view of the difficulty to solve the PersL problem through individually eliminating the PersL traps, herein we propose a novel strategy of sacrificing trap density which decreases PersL and ML traps as a whole. By employing Sr2+ substitution to decrease the trap density of Ca2Nb2O7:Pr3+, we identify a novel composition of (Ca0.5Sr0.5)2Nb2O7:Pr3+ displaying short-delay and high-contrast ML images, and evaluate its practicability through a 2-dimensional in-situ imaging experiment of dynamic stress distribution. The underlying mechanism is ascribed to the greater decrease ratio of PersL intensity than ML intensity as a result of the larger detrapping rate of traps due to stress (leading to ML) than that due to thermal energy (PersL). Furthermore, multi-spectral investigations of (Ca,Sr)2Nb2O7:Pr3+ system reveal a distinctive electron transition process co-regulated by trap levels, charge transfer state and crystal field. The proposed strategy and the associated phosphors are expected to initiate the reconstruction of PersL-type ML materials and bring important implications for real-world stress imaging.

The effects of Er 3+ ion doping on the lattice structure, magnetism, and ferroelectric properties of SmFeO 3 were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic characterization, and ferroelectricity characterization. The results show that the lattice constant was reduced and the distortion became more significant after doping. Both the magnetic susceptibility and saturation magnetization were significantly enhanced, and the system was transformed from hard magnetic system to soft magnetic system. The electric polarization was also decreased with the doping.

The present study proposes that psychological ownership for the organization and psychological empowerment are important determinants of individual innovative behavior, and serve as moderators of the climate–innovation relationship. In a study of 804 employees from 157 firms in China, we found that both of these two psychological variables had a positive relationship with individual innovative behavior. Additionally, we found psychological empowerment served as a moderator of the climate–innovation relationship, such that the relationship was stronger for individuals high in psychological empowerment. This study contributes to further understanding of the climate–innovation relationship.

Practical applications of phosphor particles in light sources and displays generally require the adhesion and support of polymer materials. However, these phosphor/polymer composites suffer from the difficulty in self-repairing after fracture. Inspired by the development of self-healing polymers, herein, we prepared phosphor/polymer composite films with self-repairing and restructuring properties. The N,N-dimethylformamide dispersant was used to uniformly disperse the phosphor particles in the self-healing polymer, which is considered to the key process for obtaining self-repairing properties. The developed self-repairing composite films are particularly suitable for restructuring luminescent patterns to provide multidimensional light-emitting modes including photoluminescence, persistent luminescence and mechanoluminescence. These results are expected to provide new insights for designing multifunctional self-repairing and reconstructing composites for anti-counterfeiting, integrated optics, optical communications, and artificial skins.

Self-activated phosphors are capable of generating optical emissions from the internal ion groups of host lattice before externally introducing luminescent ions. However, numerous self-activated phosphors only show luminescence at low temperature due to the thermally activated energy migration among ion groups at room temperature, severely confining their application conditions. In this letter, we propose a strategy to converting the low-temperature luminescence to a room-temperature one through changing the synthesis conditions to induce structural distortions and thus to limit energy migration. Room-temperature self-activated luminescence of Ca2Nb2O7 was accordingly achieved in submicroplates synthesized using the sol–gel method. By further coupling the blue broadband emission from Ca2Nb2O7 submicroplates with the characteristic luminescence of Ln3+ (Pr3+, Sm3+, and Dy3+) dopants, multicolor emissions were successively tuned through adjusting the concentration of Ln3+. Our results are expected to expand the scope of designing room-temperature self-activated phosphors and tuning multicolor emission.

Energy-storage mechanoluminescent (ML) materials have shown promising prospects in stress sensing, lighting and displays due to the outstanding structural integrity and luminescent reproducibility. However, such ML materials universally encounter limitations in achieving long-delay sustainability, cyclic-stimulation stability and centrosymmetric-lattice availability. Herein, we report a new ML material NaCa2GeO4F:Mn2+ with centrosymmetric structure, whose ML properties show ultra-long-delay sustainability (up to a delay of 144 h), short-term-friction stability and high image contrast. The experimental and theoretical investigations indicate that these unique ML characteristics arise from the formation of deep traps. These deep traps can stably store a certain proportion of electrons at ambient temperature for a long time, and provide electronic supplement to shallow traps released under mechanical friction. The excitation mechanism of captured electrons under mechanical stimuli is attributed to the local triboelectric field caused by triboelectricfication. We also demonstrate the availability of the developed ML material in mechanically triggered display and time-resolved security encryption. Our results may provide new insights for developing high-performance energy-storage ML materials and promoting practical applications of such materials.

Recoverable mechanoluminescence (RML) has shown attractive potential in diverse fields of stress sensors, lighting, displays, and bioexcitation. However, efficient RML materials are universally constructed with a noncentrosymmetric lattice as the matrix, encountering limitations in obtaining centrosymmetric lattice availability. In this work, we report an amazing RML in the well-known persistent phosphor CaTiO3:Pr3+ with a centrosymmetric structure, which exhibits intense, reproducible, and quantitative emission under the stimulation of mechanical compression and friction and even hand rubbing. The systematic investigations of thermoluminescence and piezoresponse force microscopy indicate that local piezoelectricity caused by structural defects plays a key role in detrapping the electrons captured by traps, thereby generating recoverable piezoluminescence in CaTiO3:Pr3+. Our results reveal the availability of the centrosymmetric lattice as the material matrix to achieve high-efficiency RML, which is expected to broaden the horizons of designing RML materials.

Recoverable mechanoluminescence (ML), characterized by nondestructive and repetitive luminescence in response to a mechanical stress, has shown considerable promise in a variety of practical applications including lighting and display, as well as stress sensing and imaging. However, the progress in utilizing ML processes has been constrained by the difficulties in developing new ML materials and in ascertaining ML mechanism. In this paper, we report a new strategy to constructing recoverable ML materials by doping piezoelectric hosts with luminescent lanthanide ions, which simultaneously create luminescent centers and carrier traps in the host lattice. The viability of the strategy has been confirmed by assessing a series of Pr3+ activated calcium niobates composed of mCaO·Nb2O5 (m = 1, 2, and 3). Furthermore, systematical characterizations of the series of calcium niobates also reveal an unusual host dependent ML phenomenon. Our results are expected to expand the scope of designing ML materials and to de...

Pure n-type ZnO nanofibers and p-type Ce-doped ZnO nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning followed by calcination. Their surface morphology, elemental composition, crystal structure, and optical and electronic properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and photoluminescence and UV-visible spectroscopy techniques and by their current–voltage (I–V) curves. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectra showed that Ce was successfully incorporated into the ZnO crystal lattice and that the atomic percentage of Ce to Zn was 1.46%. The photoluminescence integrated intensity ratio of the UV emission to the deep-level green emission for Ce-doped ZnO nanofibers was over twice than that of pure ZnO. The UV-visible absorption edge of the Ce-doped ZnO nanofibers red-shifted by 2.6 nm compared with the pure ZnO nanofibers. The ZnO nanofibers had a good response to ultraviolet radiation. The sensitivity (Imax/I0) of the Ce-doped ZnO nanofibers was 102, which was one order higher in magnitude than that of pure ZnO nanofibers. The field-effect curve suggested that the synthesized Ce-doped ZnO nanofibers were p-type semiconductors. A p–n homojunction device was prepared using the ZnO nanofibers and showed good rectifying behavior. The turn-on voltage reduced by about 10 V under UV irradiation. Both the ZnO nanofibers and the ZnO p–n homojunction had excellent UV sensibilities. These results suggest that Ce-doped ZnO nanofibers may have widespread applications in optical and electronic devices.

We conceptualized work engagement as a mediator and person–supervisor fit as a moderator for understanding the impact mechanism of organizational commitment on turnover intention. With survey data collected from a sample of 512 building engineers in Taiwan, we tested the total effect moderation model that we proposed in this study via a path analysis procedure using a parametric bootstrap method. Results indicated that work engagement partially mediated the negative effect of organizational commitment on turnover intention, and that the negative relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention became weaker when person–supervisor fit was closer. Implications for management theory and practice are discussed.

Color manipulation of intense multiluminescence from CaZnOS:Mn2+ has been realized by adjusting Mn2+ concentration. Not only the photoluminescence (PL) of Mn2+ emission from 4T1(4G) to 6A1(6S) shows a red shift from yellow to red with increasing Mn2+ concentration, which is in contrast to the fixed PL emission reported by Hintzen et al. (Chem. Mater., 2009), but also mechanoluminescence (ML) and cathodoluminescence (CL) have a similar variation. More attractively, the brightness of multiluminescence is surprisingly intense for all the CaZnOS:Mn2+ with a large-scale Mn2+ doping (0.1–10 mol %). Based on the investigation of crystal field, various spectral results, and PL lifetimes, the red-shift mechanism of multiluminescence reported here has been proposed to arise from the exchange interaction effect of Mn2+ pairs at higher concentrations. In addition to correcting the previous misunderstanding on the emission of CaZnOS:Mn2+, these findings extend the tunable emission window, opening up new opportunities ...

Hydrological prediction in basins with few data remains an important task for hydrologists given the practical relevance of hydrological prediction for water management and infrastructure design. In this article, fiducial method is applied for hydrological prediction to deal with small sample cases. Fiducial inference can be viewed as a procedure that obtains a measure on a parameter space while assuming less than Bayesian inference does (no prior); it can also be viewed, as a procedure that in a routine algorithmic way finds approximate pivots for parameters of interest, which is one of the main goals of frequential inference. In addition, fiducial methods require only the information from samples (streamflow data). Such that fiducial methods can account for valid information of streamflow observation and avoid model uncertainties. Three goodness-of-fit performance measures in terms of width of prediction interval (PI), accuracy and comprehensive measure will be examined to demonstrate the feasibility of fiducial method in hydrological prediction. Soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) based on Bayesian inference is used for comparison. Results show that (a) the performance of sharpness for the two methods is basically same under small nominal coverage; (b) fiducial PI can captures more observations with the similar width; (c) prediction performance of fiducial method is more satisfactory than SWAT based on Bayesian inference under small sample cases according to interval skill score; (d) fiducial method for hydrological prediction is much more time-saving than SWAT based on Bayesian inference. In summary, fiducial method has significant implications in increasing the performance and efficiency for hydrological prediction under small sample cases.

Traditional indicator paper is disposable after use, requires a large number of target solutions and can only detect one item. In this study, recyclable upconversion-fluorescence indicator papers consist of upconversion nanorods and plasmonic nanostructures are fabricated by electrospinning. Human-body fluids containing different riboflavin concentration and pH are used as target solution, because these two items are usually detected in clinic to distinguish ambiguous diseases but often performed by two different testing processes that inevitably need more target solutions. Significantly different from conventional detecting system, this recyclable indicator paper can simultaneously achieve riboflavin and pH detections by using only a single droplet of target solution. As low as 0.01 ppm riboflavin can be sensitively detected, which is superior to most reported detection limit of fluorescence sensor. Moreover, this indicator paper can detect a single droplet (~10 μl) rather than a large amount of target solution (>1 ml) needed by traditional detecting system, and the pH can also be simultaneously in-situ detected using the same indicator paper. After the detection, the target solution is easily removed so that it brings about excellent recyclability, which is another advantage over traditional detecting system.

In order to design scaffolds for tissue engineering with proper architectures, organization and properties, a variety of materials and technologies are being developed. In addition to being biocompatible both in their bulk and degraded forms, scaffolds should not only possess appropriate mechanical properties to provide a suitable stress environment, but also be porous and permeable to permit the ingress of cells and nutrients. In this review, we aim to summarize recent advances in electrospun anisotropic architectures such as aligned fibrous arrays, fibrous yarns and bundles, fibrous tubular structures, and porous structures, as well as their formation mechanisms and mechanical properties. In particular, the potential applications of these structure-controlled fibrous constructs in neural regeneration, vascular grafts, cardiac tissue, skeletal muscle regeneration, tendon repair, and cornea repair are presented. Moreover, the current challenges and future opportunities for the use of these scaffolds in research and clinical practice are proposed.

A novel inorganic–organic hybrid open-framework zinc phosphate, (NH4)[Zn5(PO4)3(HPO4)2(HAPIM)2]·(H2O) (1), was solvothermally synthesized in the presence of 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole (APIM) as structure-directing agent. Its structure is built up by the alternate linkages between ZnO4, ZnO3N, PO4 and HPO4 tetrahedral moieties, forming an unusual three-dimensional framework with intersecting 8-, 10-, and 16-ring channels. The arrangement of the monoprotonated APIM molecules in 1 is unique and they play dual roles as both ligands and countercations. It is the first example with APIM as template in extra-large-channel structures in zincophosphates. The framework contains a Zn/P ratio of 1:1 and exhibits remarkable low framework density. Photoluminescence studies show that there is a ligand-to-metal charge transfer.

A conventional electrospinning setup cannot work without a plug (electricity supply). In this article, we report a self-powered electrospinning setup based on a hand-operated Wimshurst generator. The new device has better applicability and portability than a typical conventional electrospinning setup because it is lightweight and can work without an external power supply. Experimental parameters of the apparatus such as the minimum number of handle turns to generate enough energy to spin, rotation speed of the handle and electrospinning distance were investigated. Different polymers such as polystyrene (PS), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic acid (PLA) were electrospun into ultrathin fibers successfully by this apparatus. The stability, reliability, and repeatability of the new apparatus demonstrate that it can be used as not only a demonstrator for an electrospinning process, but also a beneficial complement to conventional electrospinning especially where or when without a power supply, and may be used in wound healing and rapid hemostasis, etc.

Aligned poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fibers were fabricated by electrospinning and then nanostructured polyaniline (PANI) was grown on the surface of the parallel PMMA fibers via in situ solution polymerization. The structure and morphology of the aligned PANI/PMMA composite fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectrometry. The gas sensing properties of the composite fibers were investigated under ultra-low ammonia concentrations at room temperature. It is found that the arranged fibers exhibited high sensitivity and fast response upon exposure to ammonia vapor of 1–30 ppm. The normalized resistance R/R0 increased linearly with the ammonia concentration increasing. The sensing mechanism was also discussed. The results indicate that aligned PANI/PMMA composite fibers are promising candidate for fast detection of toxic ammonia gas.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods with anatase phase were successfully fabricated by electrospinning and followed calcination. The TiO2 nanorods were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The diameter of the TiO2 nanorods was about 60–150 nm and the length was 200 nm–2 μm. Electrical properties under bending were investigated by fixing the device to a curved surface with different curvatures, and the device showed a fast and stable resistance response to curvature changing. Photoelectric properties were studied by irradiation with different light intensities. The device exhibited a short response time (∼10 s) and a high sensitivity (∼103) which increased with the light intensity increasing. These results indicate that electrospun anatase TiO2 nanorods have potential applications in flexible photodetectors and solar cells.

We conceptualized voice self-efficacy as a mediator and perceived delegation as a contextual moderator for researching the effect of proactive personality on voice behavior in a Chinese cultural context. We collected data in 2 waves using a sample of 205 subordinate–supervisor dyads working at 2 finance companies in China. Our results showed that voice self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between proactive personality and voice behavior, and that perceived delegation has a moderating role in this relationship. Implications for management theory and practice are discussed.