Search

This study aimed to annotate the role of long intergenic non-coding RNA 152 (LINC00152) in CD8+ T cells mediated immune responses in gastric cancer (GC) and the underlying mechanism. LINC00152 expression levels were detected through RT-PCR. For tumor engraftment, HGC-27 cells that received LINC00152 shRNA, LINC00152 overexpression vectors, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) shRNA or combination transfection were injected into mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to explore the interaction between LINC00152, Cys-X-cys ligand 9 (CXCL9) and Cys-X-cys ligand 10 (CXCL10). Flow cytometry was adopted to measure the CD8+ T-cell infiltration in tumor issue. In this study, we found increased LINC00152 expression levels are positively associated with the poor prognosis of GC patients and negatively associated with the CD8 levels. ChIP assay verified that LINC00152 recruits EZH2 to the promoters of CXCL9 and CXCL10, thus the silencing of LINC00152 promoted the production of CXCL9 and CXCL10. Knockdown of LINC00152 suppressed tumor cells growth in vivo and in vitro, increased tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells numbers and promoted the expression of CXCL9, CXCL10 and C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 3 (CXCR3) in xenograft tumors. While CD8+ T cell depletion reversed the tumor suppression effect of LINC00152 silence. Besides, the silencing of EZH2 partly inhibited the promotion effect LINC00152 on tumor growth. Our study indicated that LINC00152 inhibition suppressed the tumor progress may through promoting CD8+ T-cell infiltration.

An electrochemical method was developed to analyze the alkali metal ion transfer across the water/1,2-dichloroethane interfaces facilitated by dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether (DB18C6) by observing the collisions of single emulsion droplets on an ultramicroelectrode (UME). The water-in-oil emulsion droplets were stabilized by an ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imides, in which a highly hydrophilic redox probe of potassium ferrocyanide/ferricyanide (K3Fe(CN)6/ K4Fe(CN)6) was used. When the droplets collided with the UME that was biased at a potential to drive the oxidation reaction of [Fe(CN)6]4− (0.05 mol/L), the current spikes could be observed only with the addition of DB18C6. It was suggested that the DB18C6 as K+ ionophore facilitated the K+ transfer from the water to the oil to maintain charge balance during the electrolysis. As more K+ ionophores were added, the integrated charge of the current spikes showed a rising trend in general because of the ionophore to lower the Gibbs energy of ion transfer. Further collision experiments were conducted to investigate the transfer of Na+ and K+ cations facilitated by the DB18C6. The order in which the “voltammetric” oxidation waves appeared indicated that the ionophore of DB18C6 was more efficient in carrying K+ across the water/1,2-Dichloroethane interface. Thereby, the collision electrochemistry is a convenient and effective mean to study the ion selectivity of ionophore.

We performed density functional theory study on electronic structure, magnetic properties and stability of zigzag MoS 2 nanoribbons with a S vacancy (ZMoS 2 NRs-V S ) and considered their different edge passivation. The ZMoS 2 NR-V S systems are magnetic metals with ferromagnetic (FM) edge states. The magnetic moments are greatly influenced by the site of S vacancy and edge passivation because the vacancy and edge states significantly change the structure of the systems. Importantly, we can achieve distinct FM states such as both edge FM and single edge FM states in the ZMoS 2 NRs-V S by tuning edge passivated pattern. Additionally, edge passivation can not only tune the magnetism of the ZMoS 2 NRs-V S but also enhance their stability by eliminating dangling bonds. These interesting findings on the ZMoS 2 NRs may open the possibility of their application in nanodevices and spintronics.

Objective: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are recommended for preventing gastrointestinal lesions induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We performed this study: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of PPIs, (2) to explore the association between effectiveness and potential influential factors, and (3) to investigate the comparative effect of different PPIs. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify randomized controlled trials comparing different classes of PPIs, or comparing PPIs with placebo, H2 receptor antagonists or misoprostol in NSAIDs users. Both pairwise meta-analysis and Bayesian network meta-analysis were performed. Results: Analyses were based on 12,532 participants from 31 trials. PPIs were significantly more effective than placebo in reducing ulcer complications (relative risk [RR] = 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20 to 0.42) and endoscopic peptic ulcers (RR = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.33), with no subgroup differences according to class of NSAIDs, ulcer risk, history of previous ulcer disease, Helicobacter pylori infection, or age. To prevent one ulcer complication, 10 high risk patients and 268 moderate risk patients need PPI therapy. Network meta-analysis indicated that the effectiveness of different PPIs in reducing ulcer complications and endoscopic peptic ulcers is generally similar. PPIs significantly reduced gastrointestinal adverse events and the related withdrawals compared to placebo; there is no difference in safety between different PPIs. Conclusions: PPIs are effective and safe in preventing peptic ulcers and complications in a wide spectrum of patients requiring NSAID therapy. There is no major difference in the comparative effectiveness and safety between different PPIs.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the associations of pre-endoscopy anxiety with discomfort and tolerance in patients undergoing unsedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).MethodsThis is a hospital-based cohort study of 348 patients undergoing routine, non-advanced EGD without sedation. The primary outcomes were discomfort and tolerance. The anxiety before endoscopy was evaluated with a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS). The associations of pre-endoscopy anxiety with the outcomes were evaluated with logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders like age, sex, and body mass index.ResultsSeventy patients reported severe discomfort and 56 patients reported poor tolerance after endoscopy. The risk of severe discomfort increased with pre-endoscopy anxiety and reached a platform around 7-10 points. Compared with the participants with low pre-endoscopy anxiety, those with moderate (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17 to 6.22) and high level of anxiety (adjusted OR 6.87, 95% CI 2.16 to 21.79) were associated with a gradual increase in the risk of severe discomfort (P-trend < 0.001). The association between pre-endoscopy anxiety and tolerance was linear, with an adjusted OR of 1.67(95% CI 1.33 to 2.08) for a 1-score increase in pre-endoscopy anxiety VAS. The associations were not modified by age, sex, pharyngitis, duration of endoscopy, and diameter of the endoscope.ConclusionsPre-endoscopy anxiety was an independent predictor of severe discomfort and poor tolerance in Chinese patients undergoing unsedated EGD. Our findings suggested the importance of the management of anxiety to reduce adverse endoscopic experience and taking high level of anxiety as an indication for sedation.

Compost is widely used for treating urban garbage and sewage sludge. The enzyme activity is one of the important parameters of microbial quantity and its activity intensity change in the composting process, and all of the biochemical reactions during the composting process are carried out with the enzymes involving. The composting progress and the material change are directly reflected by the enzyme activity. In Zhengzhou Bagang sludge disposal plant, sludge was mixed with straw to compost together and with the technology of high temperature solid state aerobic slot for sludge treatment. This study was done to research the tendency of peroxide enzyme activity, cellulose enzyme activity, pH, conductivity, moisture content in the process of compost. The result showed that at the beginning of the compost, cellulase activity increased first and then decreased gradually and tended to be stable. The catalase activity was higher at the beginning of the compost and at the period of temperature raising it was stable basically, then decreases quickly and after that it maintain on the lower level. The moisture content declined gradually during the composting process, and in the period of high temperature there are more moisture loss. PH increased at first, and with the temperature raised to high the pH decreased gradually and tended to be stable. Conductivity increased first, then decreased gradually to steady.

This paper proposed customers to participate typology based on three dimensions, which are the customers’ autonomy in the process, the nature of the firm‐customer collaboration, and the stage of the innovation process. Then proposed customers to participate in the type of open innovation framework. Through the static comparative and dynamic evolution simulation found: customers tend to be open to participate in the development of new products pre innovation, the tendency to begin to choose the low participation of degrees of freedom, and ultimately tend to opt for a high degree of freedom to participate.

Doping and constructing intergrowth are found to be an effectual approach to modify the electrical properties of bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics. In this work, ferroelectric, piezoelectric and dielectric properties of Nb-doped Bi4Ti3O12-SrBi4Ti4O15 (BTN-SBTN-x) intergrowth ceramics were investigated. The ferroelectric property of Bi4Ti3O12-SrBi4Ti4O15 was improved by niobium doping. The remanent polarization (2P r ) increases at first, then decreases with the increase of niobium content, while the coercive field changes little with Nb-doping. As niobium content is 0.06, the 2P r maximizes at a value of 34.9 μC/cm2, which is increased by about 75% in comparison with that of Bi4Ti3O12-SrBi4Ti4O15 (2P r = 20.0 μC/cm2). The Curie temperature of the samples varies hardly upon Nb-doping, which indicates that the good thermal stability of Bi4Ti3O12-SrBi4Ti4O15 is not deteriorated after Nb addition. Piezoelectric coefficient d33 was increased from 9.3 pC·N−1 to 18.6 pC·N−1 due to the enlargement ...

La-doped SrBi4Ti4O15, SrBi4–x La x Ti4O15 (SBLT-x, x = 0.00, 0.10 and 0.25), thin films have been successfully prepared by the sol–gel method. Structures, surface morphology and ferroelectric properties were investigated. Compared with undoped SBTi, SBLT-0.10 shows a notable larger remnant polarization (2P r = 46 μC/cm2). Meanwhile, the SBLT-0.10 film shows little change of P nv and −P nv up to 4.4 × 1010 switching cycles, suggesting an excellent fatigue-endurance characteristics.

Vanadium incorporation in SrBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 results in an improvement of electric properties. Raman scattering reveals that V-addition brings about the local disorders of structure, charge, and internal stress. The chemical valence of Bi and Ti does not increase after V-doping. The electric property improvement is originated from the restraint of oxygen vacancies, mobility weakening of the defects, and the vacancies produced at A -site.

Ferroelectric ceramics of lanthanum-modified SrBi4Ti4O15 and Bi4Ti3O12-SrBi4Ti4O15 have been synthesized, and Raman spectrum measurements have been carried out at room temperature. The investigation on the Raman spectra suggest that La3+ ions prefer to occupy the A site in the case of x ≤ 0.10, and at higher content they tend to be incorporated into Bi2O2 layers in the La-doped SrBi4Ti4O15. As for La-doped Bi4Ti3O12-SrBi4Ti4O15, the critical content of the doping ions is 0.50. An interesting phenomenon has been noticed that the remnant polarization maximized at about the critical doping content. Thus, it can be concluded that the Bi2O2 layers have a very important effect on the properties in the bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric materials.

Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 (SBTi) and Sr-deficient SBTi thin films were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates using a sol-gel method. Structure, morphology and electric properties were investigated systematically. These films were random-oriented and were composed of rod-like grains. The remanent polarization (2P r ) and coercive field (Ec) of SBTi films were 24 μC/cm2 and 68 kV/cm, respectively. This value of 2P r was much higher than the reported value of SBTi prepared by pulse laser deposition. The compounds with Sr-deficient and Bi-excess composition showed a very large remanent polarization of 35.5 μC/cm2. More importantly, both films showed high fatigue resistance against continuous switching up to 3 × 1010 cycles and excellent charge-retaining ability up to 3 × 104 s.

An investigation on the ferroelectric and dielectric properties of higher-valent-cations Nb-and Mo-modificated SrBi4Ti4O15 ceramics was presented. The ferroelectric property of SrBi4Ti4O15 was both obviously improved by niobium and molybdenum doping. The remnant polarization (2P r ) of both Nb-and Mo-modificated SrBi4Ti4O15 increases at first, then decreases with further doping. As the doping content is 0.03 and 0.06 respectively, the 2P r maximizes at a value of 24.7 μC/cm2 and 26.5 μC/cm2, which is about twice larger than that of SrBi4Ti4O15. Meanwhile, the coercive field is increased less than 20% upon Nb and Mo substitution. The Curie temperature of the samples shifted hardly by Nb-and Mo-doping, which indicates that the good thermal stability of SrBi4Ti4O15 is not affected.

La, Nd, Sm, and Dy-doped Sr{sub 2}Bi{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 18} (SBTi) ceramic samples have been prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The X-ray diffraction reveals that all of the ceramic samples are single phase compounds. Their remnant polarization (2P {sub r}) increases at first, and then decreases with the increase of doping content. When doping content is 0.01, Sm and Dy-doped SBTi samples exhibit the maximum 2P {sub r} of 18.2 and 20.1 {mu}C/cm{sup 2}, respectively. While La and Nd-doped SBTi samples display the maximum 2P {sub r} value of 18.4 and 19.1 {mu}C/cm{sup 2} with doping content of 0.05 and 0.10, respectively. The ferroelectric properties of Sr{sub 2}Bi{sub 4-} {sub x}Ln{sub x} Ti{sub 5}O{sub 18} are found to be dominated by the competition of the decrease of oxygen vacancy concentration and the relief of structural distortion. - Graphical abstract: The temperature dependence of the dielectric loss for (a) SBST, and (b) SBDT at 500 kHz. Display Omitted.

An investigation of the ferroelectric and dielectric properties of niobium-doped SrBi4Ti4O15 (SrBi4−x/3Ti4−xNbxO15, x = 0.00, 0.003, 0.012, 0.03, 0.06) ceramics was presented. The ferroelectric property of SrBi4Ti4O15 was improved by niobium doping. The remanent polarization (2Pr) increases at first, then decreases with the increase in niobium content, while the coercive field changes little with Nb-doping. As the niobium content is 0.03, the 2Pr maximizes at a value of 24.7 µC cm−2, which is increased by about 60% in comparison with that of SrBi4Ti4O15. The Curie temperature of the samples hardly varies upon Nb-doping, which indicates that the good thermal stability of SrBi4Ti4O15 does not deteriorate after Nb addition.

The ferroelectric ceramics of Bi{sub 4}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 12}, SrBi{sub 4}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 15}, and lanthanum-doped Bi{sub 4}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 12}-SrBi{sub 4}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 15} were synthesized, and their Raman spectra were investigated. La-doping resulted in the enlargement of remnant polarization of Bi{sub 4}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 12}-SrBi{sub 4}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 15}. The structure of the Bi{sub 2}O{sub 2} layers and TiO{sub 6} octahedra of the intergrowth was found to be different from those of Bi{sub 4}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 12} and SrBi{sub 4}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 15}. La{sup 3+} ions exhibit pronounced selectivity for the occupation of A site as La content is lower than 0.50, and tend to be incorporated into Bi{sub 2}O{sub 2} layers when the La content is higher than 0.50. Lanthanum substitution brings about the structural phase transition in Bi{sub 4}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 12}-SrBi{sub 4}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 15}. The variation of ferroelectric property may be attributed to combined contribution from the decreasing of the oxygen vacancies, the relaxation of the lattice distortion, the destroying of the insulation and the space charge compensation effects of the Bi{sub 2}O{sub 2} slabs.

A novel near-UV photoinitiator, diphenyliodonium 9-acridinecarboxylate (DPIOAC), was synthesized by metathesis, characterized, and studied. In media of different polarity, this compound showed different absorption and fluorescence profiles and photochemical properties. When irradiated with near-UV light, the anion absorbed the radiation and sensitized the photolysis of the iodonium cation. The active free radicals thus formed initiated polymerization of vinyl monomers. The facts influencing the form of the existence of the ion pairs influenced the rate and efficiency of the intra-ion-pair electron transfer and, thus, of the polymerization. This new photoinitiator had a much greater photoinitiation ability for polymerization than the previously reported diphenyliodonium anthroate, which has a carbon atom at the nitrogen position of DPIOAC. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 4521–4527, 1999

A novel near-UV photoinitiator, diphenyliodonium 9-anthroate, was synthesized by metathesis, characterized and studied. In media of different polarity, this compound shows similar absorption properties, but very different fluorescence and photochemical properties. When irradiated with near-UV light, the anion absorbs radiation and induces electron transfer to iodonium ion. The active free radicals thus formed initiate the polymerization of methyl methacrylate.

To evaluate the outcomes of open high tibial osteotomy through small incision with annular external fixator for treating genu varum deformity.We reviewed 8 cases of open high proximal tibia osteotomy through small incision with annular external fixator for patients (10 knees) with genu varum due to high tibia varum. The patients were followed up 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after the operations. Data about infection, healing, varus angle, knee distance and Insall-Salvati index were retrieved and analysed.The patients had a mean varus angle of 15. 3 degrees +/- 2. 3 degrees (range, 10 degrees - 28 degrees) before the operations. The operations were all recorded as successful following a (29. 3 +/- 3. 1) month (range, 24-36 months) post-operation follow-up, with external fixator remaining stable and no instrument failures. The bones were healed at an average of (11. 2 +/- 1. 5) weeks (range, 8-12 weeks) and there was no nonunion or delayed union. The operations reduced varus angle of the knees to - 1. 1 degrees +/- 0. 6 degrees (range, - 7 degrees - 3 degrees ), indicating a significant improvement compared to that of the preoperations. There were 2 cases of superficial pin infections.Open high tibial osteotomy through small incision with annular external fixator has good fixation stability and satisfactory clinical outcomes with little complications for treating patients with genu varum deformity.

A novel hybrid photoinitiator, p-benzoyldiphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (PhCOPhI+PhPF−6), was synthesized, characterized, and studied. It absorbs UV light not only below 300 nm, but above 300 nm as well. When exposed to UV light, it undergoes an asymmetrical photocleavage to produce cation-radicals and radicals which could induce cationic and radical polymerizations respectively. Compared with the simple iodonium salt PhI+PhPF−6, and bimolecular sensitization system PhCOPh/PhI+PhPF−6, the covalently bonded photosensitization system PhCOPhI+PhPF−6 is much more efficient as a photoinitiator. Oxygen has a small negative effect on the cationic polymerization photoinitiated by PhCOPhI+PhPF−6, while isopropanol has a small positive influence only in argon atmosphere. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Stationary and transient spectroscopic studies on the eosin bis(diphenyliodonium) salt/triethylamine (Eo(IPh 2 ) 2 /TEA) system were carried out in comparison with Eo(IPh 2 ) 2 alone. In non-polar solvents where Eo(IPh 2 ) 2 forms contact ion pairs. TEA molecules insert themselves between the anions and cations, resulting in the formation of amine-separated ion pairs. When exposed to visible light, Eo(IPh 2 ) 2 / TEA undergoes oxidative electron transfer firstly. Synergetic effects of amines on Eo(IPh 2 ) 2 were found for which a cyclic regenerative mechanism was proposed. Eo(IPh 2 ) 2 /TEA was applicable for various monomers and unsaturated oligomers, especially of the acrylate type, even in the presence of oxygen. Concentration effects of Eo(IPh 2 ) 2 , amine and monomer were also investigated.

In this paper, a new digital image copyright protection scheme based on visual cryptography is proposed. Based on a more detailed feature classification in the discrete wavelet transform domain, an expanded code-book is used to improve the security of the current related schemes. Moreover, there is no need to modify the original image to be protected, which providing an obvious advantage when the image itself does not give permission for alteration. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust against many common image processing attacks, such as JPEG compression, noise addition, cropping, rotation, scaling.

Mono- and di- iodonium salts of eosin dye, EoEt( Ph2 I) and Eo( Ph2 I)2, as a novel sensitization system for visible photopolymerization were synthesized and studied in comparison with the corresponding bimocular systems (EoNa2/Ph2 ICl). The photochemical activity of unimolecular system is much higher than that of bimolecular system. Photobleaching rate obtained decreases in the order Eo(Ph2 I)2> EoNa2/2 (Ph2 ICl)> EoEtNa/2 (Ph2 ICl). The same results for radical polymerization were also obtained. The kinetic results of polymerization with Eo(Ph2 I)2 as initiator show that the polymerization rate is directly proportional to the concentration of MMA and Eo (Ph2 I)2 with exponent of 1.0 and 0.46 respectively. The overall activation energy of polymerization was measured to be 7.0 (kcal.mol-1). The photopolymerization rate is affected significantly by solvent polarity as a results of variance in absorption spectrum. Multiacrylate photocrosslinking rates obtained in the dry film indicate that the disalt Eo(Ph2 I)2 is more efficient than mono salt EoEt(Ph2 I) and essentially, no reaction occures in the case of bimolecular system (EoNa2/Ph2 ICl)

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Currently 2 difference classes of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors, coxibs and relatively selective COX-2 inhibitors, are available for patients requiring nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy; their gastroprotective effect is hardly directly compared. The aim of this study was to compare the gastroprotective effect of relatively selective COX-2 inhibitors with coxibs. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (from their inception to March 2015) were searched for potential eligible studies. We included randomized controlled trials comparing coxibs (celecoxib, etoricoxib, parecoxib, and lumiracoxib), relatively selective COX-2 inhibitors (nabumetone, meloxicam, and etodolac), and nonselective NSAIDs with a study duration ≥4 weeks. Comparative effectiveness and safety data were pooled by Bayesian network meta-analysis. The primary outcomes were ulcer complications and symptomatic ulcer. Summary effect-size was calculated as risk ratio (RR), together with the 95% confidence interval (CI). This study included 36 trials with a total of 112,351 participants. Network meta-analyses indicated no significant difference between relatively selective COX-2 inhibitors and coxibs regarding ulcer complications (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.47–3.27), symptomatic ulcer (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.09–3.92), and endoscopic ulcer (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.37–2.96). Network meta-analyses adjusting potential influential factors (age, sex, previous ulcer disease, and follow-up time), and sensitivity analyses did not reveal any major change to the main results. Network meta-analyses suggested that relatively selective COX-2 inhibitors and coxibs were associated with comparable incidences of total adverse events (AEs) (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.93–1.31), gastrointestinal AEs (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.87–1.25), total withdrawals (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.74–1.33), and gastrointestinal AE-related withdrawals (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.57–1.74). Relatively selective COX-2 inhibitors appear to be associated with similar gastroprotective effect and tolerability as coxibs. Owing to the indirectness of the comparisons, future research is required to confirm the study conclusion.

Senile plaques are one of the major neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aggregation of Amyloid beta-protein(A beta) in senile plaques is related to the pathogenesis of AD, so it is very important for the studies on the prevention of A beta deposition and on trying to disaggregate the senile plaques, aimed at treatment and prevention of the AD. In this report, the three-dimension structures of senile plaques are reconstructed by AVS software by using immunohistochemical method and MATLAB software. The diffuse plaques and classical plaques in hippocampus all have complicated porous structures; no core structures were present in diffuse plaques, and the deposition density of A beta in this kind of plaque diminishes from interior region to the microenvironment. The deposition density of A beta was highest in the central region of classical plaques, while was lowest in the region around central, and was intermediate in the extreme region of this kind of plaques. The method of reconstruction of three-dimension structure of senile plaques helps studying on dynamics of senile plaques, and it is also important for the studies on the pathogenesis of AD.