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BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze G test results according to the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), body composition, and physical fitness of fourth-grade air force cadets. This was done to identify the relationship between the TFEQ, body composition, and G resistance, in order to provide basic data for pilots and air force cadets to strengthen G tolerance.METHODS: From the Republic of Korea Air Force Academy (ROKAFA), 138 fourth-year cadets were assessed using the TFEQ and for body composition and physical fitness. Based on these measurement results, a G test result analysis and a correlation analysis were conducted.RESULT: The TFEQ showed statistically significant differences in several areas when comparing the G test pass group (GP group) to the G test fail group (GF group). Three-km running time was significantly faster in the GP group than in the GF group. Physical activity levels were higher in the GP group compared to the GF group.CONCLUSION: The TFEQ demonstrated utility in predicting whether cadets will pass or fail G-LOC testing. G test success for any cadet will require improvement in continuous eating behavior and physical fitness management. If variables affecting the G test are analyzed and applied to physical education and training through continuous research over the next two to three years, it is expected to have a greater effect on the success of the G test for every cadet.Sung J-Y, Kim I-K, Jeong D-H. Gravitational acceleration test results by lifestyle and physical fitness of air force cadets. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(5):384–388.

[Purpose] This study aims to examine the physical activity and eating habits of elite athletes to identify changes in their weight and participation levels in competitions pre- and post-COVID-19, and to establish a database of the abovementioned factors for the post-COVID-19 period.[Methods] This study surveyed 913 elite adult athletes from 22 sports. They were divided into two groups: weight loss athletes’ group (WLG) and non-weight loss athletes’ group (NWLG). In addition to demographic factors, the questionnaire included questions about physical activity, sleep, and eating habits pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic. The survey included 46 questions requiring short subjective answers. Statistical significance was set at p

Calf muscle plays an important function in driving the movement of stepping on the ground and moving forward when walking or running. The Achilles tendon has been reported to be closely related to the elasticity of tendons to absorb shock and rebound and convert energy into propulsion. We wanted to determine the effect and correlation of the anatomical structure of the calf region on function. Measurements of anatomical structures were conducted with 51 volunteers using ultrasonography, and exercise capacity tests were conducted to measure anaerobic power, elasticity, and flexibility. The mean power and length of the calf (LoC), muscle thickness (MT), and fascicle angle (FA) of the medial head of gastrocnemius (p 0.001) showed the strongest positive correlation among the variables of anatomical structures. MT of the Gastrocnemius and LoC Gastrocnemius were also correlated with peak power. In the anatomical structure variables, the FA of the lateral head of gastrocnemius, length and width of the Achilles tendon, and part of the athletic ability, the standing long jump test and sitting trunk flexion test, were not significantly correlated. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the height and degree of development of the calf muscles are structures that affect the exercise of anaerobic power. Hence, it can be used as a predictor of athletic ability. Furthermore, the trainer can predict athletic ability according to the characteristics of the event by first understanding the athlete's physical condition.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer resulting from accumulated abnormal plasma cells. Unfortunately, MM remains an incurable disease, as relapse is very common. Therefore, there is urgent need to develop new treatment options for MM. Radotinib is a novel anti-cancer drug, currently approved in South Korea for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Its mechanism of action involves inhibition of the tyrosine kinase Bcr-Abl and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Generally, the mechanism of inhibition of non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl has played an essential role in the inhibition of cancer progression. However, little is known regarding the effects of the c-Abl inhibitor, radotinib on MM cells. In this study, we analyzed the effect of radotinib on multiple myeloma cells. Interestingly, radotinib caused apoptosis in MM cells including RPMI-8226, MM.1S, and IM-9 cells, even in the absence of c-kit expression in 2 of these lines. Radotinib treatment significantly increased the number Annexin V-positive cells and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in MM cells. Additionally, we observed that cytochrome C was localized in the cytosol of radotinib-treated MM cells. Moreover, radotinib decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and increased the expression of Bax and Bak in MM cells. Furthermore, radotinib promoted caspase pathway activation by inducing the expression and activity of caspase-3, -7, and -9. Expression of cleaved PARP-1 was also increased by radotinib treatment in various MM cells. In addition, radotinib significantly suppressed MM cell growth in a xenograft animal model using RPMI-8226 cells, and killed ex vivo myeloma cells from patients. In conclusion, radotinib may play an important role as a candidate agent or chemosensitizer for the treatment of MM.

Background Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in play an important role in the initiation, relapse, and progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and in the development of chemotherapeutic drug resistance in AML. Studies regarding the detection of LSCs and the development of novel therapies for targeting them are extensive. The identification of LSCs and targeting therapies for them has been continuously under investigation. Methods We examined the levels of CD45dimCD34+CD38−CD133+ cells in bone marrow samples from patients with hematological malignancies and healthy controls, using four-color flow cytometry. Results Interestingly, the CD45dimCD34+CD38−CD133+ cells were highly expressed in the bone marrow of patients with AML compared to that in healthy controls (HC). Moreover, the proportions of CD45dimCD34+CD38−CD133+ cells were also examined in diverse hematological malignancies, including AML, CML, DLBCL, MM, MDS, HL, ALL, and CLL. LSCs were prominently detected in the BMCs isolated from patients with AML and CML, but rarely in BMCs isolated from patients with DLBCL, MM, MDS, ALL, CLL, and HL. Additionally, the high CD45dimCD34+CD38−CD133+ cell counts in AML patients served as a significantly poor risk factor for overall and event free survival. Conclusions Therefore, our results suggest that CD45dimCD34+CD38−CD133+ cells in AML might potentially serve as LSCs. In addition, this cell population might represent a novel therapeutic target in AML.

Aurora kinases play critical roles in regulating several processes pivotal for mitosis. Radotinib, which is approved in South Korea as a second-line treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia, inhibits the tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL and platelet-derived growth factor receptor. However, the effects of radotinib on Aurora kinase expression in acute myeloid leukemia are not well studied. Interestingly, the cytotoxicity of acute myeloid leukemia cells was increased by radotinib treatment. Radotinib significantly decreased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and cyclin B1, the key regulators of G2/M phase, and inhibited the expression of Aurora kinase A and Aurora kinase B in acute myeloid leukemia cells. In addition, radotinib decreased the expression and binding between p-Aurora kinase A and TPX2, which are required for spindle assembly. Furthermore, it reduced Aurora kinase A and polo-like kinase 1 phosphorylation and suppressed the expression of α-, β-, and γ-tubulin in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Furthermore, radotinib significantly suppressed the key regulators of G2/M phase including cyclin B1 and Aurora kinase A in a xenograft animal model. Therefore, our results suggest that radotinib can abrogate acute myeloid leukemia cell growth both in vitro and in vivo and may serve as a candidate agent or a chemosensitizer for treating acute myeloid leukemia.

In this pilot study, we investigated the effect of spatone, a naturally occurring mineral water supplement, on endurance capacity and inflammatory cytokines in wrestlers undergoing a rapid weight control program. Nine amateur university wrestlers participated and were randomly divided into placebo- and spatone-treated groups. The study used a crossover design, including a 4-week washout period. The rapid weight control program was focused on body weight loss, while maintaining their athletic performance (muscular strength and cardiovascular endurance). The initial body weight was 87.19 ± 2.45 kg in the spatone-treated group and 86.60 ± 3.01 kg in the placebo group. After the rapid weight control program, the body weight decreased to 83.56 ± 2.71 kg (4.21% decrease) in the spatone-treated group and 82.95 ± 2.97 kg (4.16% decrease) in the placebo group. However, there were no significant differences in body weight or body composition between placebo- and spatone-treated groups. Endurance capacity improved significantly in terms of VO

Background: Radotinib is a medicine for the treatment of some types of cancer. It is approved in South Korea for use as a second-line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Its mechanism of action involves inhibition of the tyrosine kinase Bcr-Abl and of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). It has been little known the effects of radotinib on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Methods: First, we examined cytotoxicity of radotinib on MM cell lines, RPMI-8226 and MM.1S. Annexin V positive cell, caspas-3 and -9 activities, cell cycle distribution and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm) were observed by analyzed with flow cytometric analysis. And diverse signaling pathways were investigated by Western blotting in MM cells. Results: Interestingly, radotinib caused cell death of MM cells. Radotinib induced Annexin V positive cells, and caspase pathway activation including caspase-3, -7 and -9. And its treatment remarkably decreased MMP in MM cells. As well as we observed that cytochrome c accumulated dose dependently in the cytosol of radotinib-treated RPMI-8226 and MM.1S cells. Moreover, radotinib decreased the expression of Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, and increased the expression of Bax and Bak in MM cells. Moreover, radotinib significantly suppressed MM cell growth in a xenograft animal model using RPMI-8226 cells. Conclusion: Radotinib may play an important role as a candidate or chemosensitizer for treatment agent in MM. These data indicate that radotinib has a potential for anti-cancer therapy in MM. Figure 1. Radotinib significantly suppressed MM cell growth in a xenograft animal model using RPMI-8226 cells. Citation Format: Jae-Cheol Jo, Sook-Kyoung Heo, Eui-Kyu Noh, Jeong Yi Kim, Jun Young Sung, Ho-Min Yu, Yoo Kyung Jeong, Lan Jeong Ju, Yunsuk Choi. Radotinib induces cell death of multiple myeloma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1250.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is rare but life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reaction, which is mostly induced by drugs. It characterized by widespread epidermal necrosis, resulting in bullae with sloughing and frequent involvement of the mucous membrane. Due to high mortality, management of patients requires prompt withdrawal of the causative drug, appropriate supportive care, and consideration of immune-modulating agents, such as intravenous immunoglobulin or corticosteroids. Wilson disease is an inherited disorder of copper transport that results in excessive accumulation of copper in the body. Copper chelation with penicillamine is an effective first line therapy in most patients. We present a 20-year-old man with Wilson disease who developed TEN following administration of penicillamine. He was successfully treated with systemic corticosteroid, intravenous immunoglobulin, and supportive management. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2014;2:302-305)

The purpose of the present study is to elucidate the underlying structure of the Korean urban system and classify urban centers on the basis of relative dimentionality. In addition, and most important of all, this study aims to scale Korean cities according to Berry's schema (1969, 1972). The present study comprises 34 variables such as population, household, housing conditions, age structure, occupational-industrial structure, standard of living and so on (Table 3). Data were collected for 35 cities in Korea with a population of 50 thousand or over. The use of a principal axis factor model revealed that 82 percent of the variation among the cities described by 34 variables can be expressed by 9 factors having an eigenvalue of greater than unity (Fig. 2). The main factors are identified as representative of urban population size, contrasts between rural centers and modern urban centers, housing conditions, age structure, population migration, and contrasts between educational centers and stagnant small trade centers. Factor 1 indicates urban economic base and urban population size concomitantly. It provides a concise statement of economic differentiation between larger urban centers and smaller regional centers having a population of about 50 thousand (Tables 3 and 4). Factor 2 is identified as representative of the contrasts between rural traditional centers (rural urban areas) and larger urban centers having modern elements. The larger urban centers are shown to have higher population increase and greater proportion of the active age-groups. Such phenomena are also closely related to manufacturing activites indicating mordern elements in Korean urban society. The rural traditional centers Korea can be charaterized by high birth rates, high natural increase, high death rates and high proportion of old age group. Traditional characteristics remain in the small centers as they were found in Chile (Tables 3 and 4). Factor 3 is interpreted as housing conditions. It means that the six largest urban centers such as Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangjon Daejon and other manufacturing centers attract workers at the age between fifteen and fifty-nine. As a result, it gives rise to urban problems such as overcrowding, higher housing shortage and high population increase. This is the influence of industrialization, without regard to other industry that creates urban problems in the larger urban centers. In contrast, the small urban centers are characterized by the age group and higher proportion of farm household. This factor corresponds closely with the second factor describing traditionalism of small urban centers (Tables 3 and 4). Factor 4 can be labelled as age structure. It identifies the movement of youth at the age between fifteen and twenty-four and the active age group of between fifteen and fifty-nine from the small urban centers and rural areas to larger urban centers with the advantages of manufacturing, education, commerce and other services. The five largest Korean cities and industrial centers are good examples in this respect. In contrast to this urban centers are those small urban centers showing high infant groups between the age of zero_??_fourteen. Owing to the lack of suitable data, it is difficult to give a clear affirmation. However, a combination of socioeconomic status and age structure is assumed to be the same as shown in Yugoslavia. Accordingly, Factor 4 reveales the traditionalism of the small urban centers nearly identical to the second and third factor (Tables 3 and 4). In factor 5 which indicates migration, larger urban centers, such as Seoul, Busan, Incheon and satellite cities of Seoul are shown to have higher social increase, higher proportion of construction workers, , higher population increase during the period between 1966 and 1971.