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17. Transnational agricultural land acquisitions threaten biodiversity in the Global South

Author

Davis, Kyle Frankel, Müller, Marc F, Rulli, Maria Cristina, Tatlhego, Mokganedi, Ali, Saleem, Baggio, Jacopo A, Dell’Angelo, Jampel, Jung, Suhyun, Kehoe, Laura, Niles, Meredith T, Eckert, Sandra, Environmental Policy Analysis, and Amsterdam Sustainability Institute

Subjects
Asia, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, large-scale land acquisitions, Africa, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, deforestation, Global South, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, General Environmental Science, agriculture, biodiversity
Abstract

Agricultural large-scale land acquisitions have been linked with enhanced deforestation and land use change. Yet the extent to which transnational agricultural large-scale land acquisitions (TALSLAs) contribute to—or merely correlate with—deforestation, and the expected biodiversity impacts of the intended land use changes across ecosystems, remains unclear. We examine 178 georeferenced TALSLA locations in 40 countries to address this gap. While forest cover within TALSLAs decreased by 17% between 2000 and 2018 and became more fragmented, the spatio-temporal patterns of deforestation varied substantially across regions. While deforestation rates within initially forested TALSLAs were 1.5 (Asia) to 2 times (Africa) higher than immediately surrounding areas, we detected no such difference in Europe and Latin America. Our findings suggest that, whereas TALSLAs may have accelerated forest loss in Asia, a different mechanism might emerge in Africa where TALSLAs target areas already experiencing elevated deforestation. Regarding biodiversity (here focused on vertebrate species), we find that nearly all (91%) studied deals will likely experience substantial losses in relative species richness (−14.1% on average within each deal)—with mixed outcomes for relative abundance—due to the intended land use transitions. We also find that 39% of TALSLAs fall at least partially within biodiversity hotspots, placing these areas at heightened risk of biodiversity loss. Taken together, these findings suggest distinct regional differences in the nature of the association between TALSLAs and forest loss and provide new evidence of TALSLAs as an emerging threat to biodiversity in the Global South.

Published
2023

28. Brazilian Land Registry Impacts on Land Use Conversion.

Author

Jung, Suhyun, Dyngeland, Cecilie, Rausch, Lisa, and Rasmussen, Laura Vang

Subjects
LAND use, FARM size, ENVIRONMENTAL compliance, FARMS, CREDIT control
Abstract

Voluntary land registries can affect land use by facilitating both the public's ability to monitor land use and farmers' access to credit. We estimate the impacts of participation in a land registry on the conversion of natural vegetation to agricultural land use by examining the impacts of the rural environmental registry (CAR) in Brazil, using a dynamic land use model. We show that although participation in the CAR does not significantly affect crop area, it does influence pasture expansion, with variation by farm size and environmental compliance level. Our results provide insights for agricultural land‐use policies by illuminating how the intended environmental objectives of land registry programs might be undermined by credit policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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34. Transduction of the MPG-tagged fusion protein into mammalian cells and oocytes depends on amiloride-sensitive endocytic pathway

Author

Cheon Yong-Pil, Park Seongsoon, Lee Jong-Eun, Jung Suhyun, Han Kyuyong, Kwon So-Jung, and Lim Hyunjung

Subjects
Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Abstract

Abstract Background MPG is a cell-permeable peptide with proven efficiency to deliver macromolecular cargoes into cells. In this work, we examined the efficacy of MPG as an N-terminal tag in a fusion protein to deliver a protein cargo and its mechanism of transduction. Results We examined transduction of MPG-EGFP fusion protein by live imaging, flow cytometry, along with combination of cell biological and pharmacological methods. We show that MPG-EGFP fusion proteins efficiently enter various mammalian cells within a few minutes and are co-localized with FM4-64, a general marker of endosomes. The transduction of MPG-EGFP occurs rapidly and is inhibited at a low temperature. The entry of MPG-EGFP is inhibited by amiloride, but cytochalasin D and methyl-β-cyclodextrin did not inhibit the entry, suggesting that macropinocytosis is not involved in the transduction. Overexpression of a mutant form of dynamin partially reduced the transduction of MPG-EGFP. The partial blockade of MPG-EGFP transduction by a dynamin mutant is abolished by the treatment of amiloride. MPG-EGFP transduction is also observed in the mammalian oocytes. Conclusion The results show that the transduction of MPG fusion protein utilizes endocytic pathway(s) which is amiloride-sensitive and partially dynamin-dependent. Collectively, the MPG fusion protein could be further developed as a novel tool of "protein therapeutics", with potentials to be used in various cell systems including mammalian oocytes.

Published
2009
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35. Developing a Building Fire Information Management System Based on 3D Object Visualization.

Author

Jung, Suhyun, Cha, Hee Sung, and Jiang, Shaohua

Subjects
INFORMATION resources management, FIRE management, EMERGENCY management, BUILDING information modeling, FACILITY management, DATA visualization, THREE-dimensional modeling, EFFECT of earthquakes on buildings
Abstract

In a building fire disaster, a variety of information on hazardous factors is crucial for emergency responders, facility managers, and rescue teams. Inadequate information management limits the accuracy and speed of fire rescue activities. Furthermore, a poor decision-making process, which is solely dependent on the experiences of emergency responders, negatively affects the fire response activities. Building information modeling (BIM) enables the sharing of locations of critical elements and key information necessary for effective decision-making on disaster prevention. However, it is non-trivial to integrate and link the relevant information generated during the life cycle of the building. In particular, the information requirements for building fires should be retrieved in the BIM software because most of them have spatial characteristics. This paper proposes a prototype system for a building's fire information management using three-dimensional (3D) visualization by deriving the relevant information required for mitigating building fire disasters. The proposed system (i.e., Building Fire Information Management System (BFIMS)) automatically provides reliable fire-related information through a computerized and systematic approach in conjunction with a BIM tool. It enables emergency responders to intuitively identify the location data of indoor facilities with its pertinent information based on 3D objects. Through scenario-based applications, the system has effectively demonstrated that it has contributed to an improvement of rapid access to relevant information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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36. High-efficiency large-area perovskite photovoltaic modules achieved via electrochemically assembled metal-filamentary nanoelectrodes

Author

Hong, Soonil, primary, Lee, Jinho, additional, Kang, Hongkyu, additional, Kim, Geunjin, additional, Kee, Seyoung, additional, Lee, Jong-Hoon, additional, Jung, Suhyun, additional, Park, Byoungwook, additional, Kim, Seok, additional, Back, Hyungcheol, additional, Yu, Kilho, additional, and Lee, Kwanghee, additional

Published
2018
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39. A Printable Organic Electron Transport Layer for Low-Temperature-Processed, Hysteresis-Free, and Stable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Author

Lee, Jinho, primary, Kim, Junghwan, additional, Lee, Chang-Lyoul, additional, Kim, Geunjin, additional, Kim, Tae Kyun, additional, Back, Hyungcheol, additional, Jung, Suhyun, additional, Yu, Kilho, additional, Hong, Soonil, additional, Lee, Seongyu, additional, Kim, Seok, additional, Jeong, Soyeong, additional, Kang, Hongkyu, additional, and Lee, Kwanghee, additional

Published
2017
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43. Overcoming barriers to low carbon agriculture and forest restoration in Brazil: The Rural Sustentável project

Author

Newton, Peter, primary, Gomez, Angelo Eduardo Angel, additional, Jung, Suhyun, additional, Kelly, Timothy, additional, Mendes, Thiago de Araújo, additional, Rasmussen, Laura Vang, additional, Reis, Júlio César dos, additional, Rodrigues, Renato de Aragão Ribeiro, additional, Tipper, Richard, additional, van der Horst, Dan, additional, and Watkins, Cristy, additional

Published
2016
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50. Public Expenditure and Poverty Reduction in the Southern United States

Author

Jung, Suhyun, Cho, Seong-Hoon, and Roberts, Roland K.

Subjects
government expenditure, GWR, poverty, southern United States, Community/Rural/Urban Development
Abstract

The objective of this research was to analyze the effects of education, health and hospital, parks and recreation, and public welfare expenditures on poverty, focusing particularly on how these relationships change over space and time. Government expenditure on parks and recreation has been the single most effective government expenditure category over time, although the marginal effects of the government expenditure on poverty alleviation have weakened over time. Clusters of the highest marginal effects of government expenditures on poverty reduction were identified for each time period using geographically weighted regression (GWR) and analysis of local indicators of spatial association (LISA)

Published
2009

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