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We have investigated the critical current density (Jc) and the flux pinning behavior in Zr0.96V0.04B2 superconductor with an AlB2 structure. V substitutions in Zr sites of non-superconducting ZrB2 system lead to superconductivity, and the 4% V-substituted Zr0.96V0.04B2 compounds show the highest superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of ∼8.7 K. The magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loops for the Zr0.96V 0.04B2 demonstrate type-II superconducting behavior in a broad temperature range, and the Jc is estimated from the M-H loops using the Bean model. The analysis of the double-logarithmic Jc(H) plots indicates the dominance of collective pinning in Zr0.96V 0.04B2, and that Jc(H) and magnetic field dependences of the flux pinning force density (Fp) are well fitted by the double exponential model which takes into account the existence of two superconducting gaps. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.

ZrB2 is a nonsuperconducting Pauli paramagnetic crystallizing in the AlB2 structure. V substitution for Zr in Zr1-xV xB2 (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) at the few percentage level induces superconductivity with critical temperature reaching a maximum of 8.7 K for Zr0.96V0.04B2 near the solid solubility limit. Specific-heat and lower critical field temperature dependence results suggest the possibility of unconventional superconductivity possibly arising from multiband effects. © 2013 American Physical Society.

Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids), the most common benign tumor in women of childbearing age, can cause symptoms including dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, urinary symptoms, pain and infertility. Hysterectomy is a common approach to treating uterine fibroids, and less invasive surgical approaches such as myomectomy and uterine artery embolization also have been shown to alleviate symptoms. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) is the only totally non-invasive surgical approved method for treating uterine fibroids. In clinical trials, MRgFUS resulted in significant relief of uterine fibroid symptoms. The safe and effective use of MRgFUS is affected by fibroid type and location, position relative to adjacent anatomical structures and the presence of co-existent pelvic disease. Additionally, successful outcomes with MRgFUS have been correlated with the volume of fibroids ablated during the procedure. Thus, selection of patients in whom sufficient fibroid volumes can be treated safely using the MRgFUS system is critical for successful outcomes. The MR images in this pictorial essay provide examples of uterine fibroids for which MRgFUS should be considered and is designed to facilitate the selection of patients for whom MRgFUS is most likely to provide sustained symptom relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Half-metallic magnetism, characterized by metallic behavior in one spin direction and semiconducting or insulating behavior in the opposite spin direction, is an intriguing and highly useful physical property for advanced spintronics because it allows for the complete realization of 100% spin-polarized current. Particularly, half-metallic antiferromagnetism is recognized as an excellent candidate for the development of highly efficient spintronic devices due to its zero net magnetic moment combined with 100% spin polarization, which results in lower energy losses and eliminates stray magnetic fields compared to half-metallic ferromagnets. However, the synthesis and characterization of half-metallic antiferromagnets have not been reported until now as the theoretically proposed materials require a delicate and challenging approach to fabricate such complex compounds. Here, we propose Cr 2 Se 3 as the experimentally synthesizable half-metallic antiferromagnet. Our experimental and theoretical studies─including magnetic property measurements, spin-resolved density functional theory calculations, and tunneling magnetoresistance experiments─confirm its half-metallic antiferromagnetic behavior. We demonstrate that the 2D nonlayered Cr 2 Se 3 synthesized via chemical vapor deposition offers an ideal platform for innovative spintronics applications and fundamental research into half-metallic antiferromagnets.

Machine learning (ML) methods provide a pathway to accurately predict molecular properties, leveraging patterns derived from structure-property relationships within materials databases. This approach holds significant importance in drug discovery and materials design, where the rapid, efficient screening of molecules can accelerate the development of new pharmaceuticals and chemical materials for highly specialized target application. Unsupervised and self-supervised learning methods applied to graph-based or geometric models have garnered considerable traction. More recently, transformer-based language models have emerged as powerful tools. Nevertheless, their application entails considerable computational resources, owing to the need for an extensive pretraining process on a vast corpus of unlabeled chemical data sets. To this end, we present a semisupervised strategy that harnesses substructure vector embeddings in conjunction with a ML-based feature selection workflow to predict various molecular and drug properties. We evaluate the efficacy of our modeling methodology across a diverse range of data sets, encompassing both regression and classification tasks. Our findings demonstrate superior performance compared to most existing state-of-the-art algorithms, while offering advantages in terms of balancing model accuracy with computational requirements. Moreover, our approach provides deeper insights into feature interactions that are essential for model interpretability. A case study is conducted to predict the lipophilicity of chemical molecules, exemplifying the robustness of our strategy. The result underscores the importance of meticulous feature analysis and selection over a mere reliance on predictive modeling with a high degree of algorithmic complexity.

High entropy alloys and amorphous metallic alloys represent two distinct classes of advanced alloy materials, each with unique structural characteristics. Their emergence has garnered considerable interest across the materials science and engineering communities, driven by their promising properties, including exceptional strength. However, their extensive compositional diversity poses substantial challenges for systematic exploration, as traditional experimental approaches and high-throughput calculations struggle to efficiently navigate this vast space. While the recent development in data-driven materials discovery could potentially help, such efforts are hindered by the scarcity of comprehensive data and the lack of robust predictive tools that can effectively link alloy composition with specific properties. To address these challenges, we have deployed a machine-learning-based workflow for feature selection and statistical analysis to afford predictive models that accelerate the data-driven discovery and optimization of these advanced materials. Our methodology is validated through two case studies: (i) a regression analysis of the bulk modulus, and (ii) a classification analysis based on glass-forming ability. The Bayesian-optimized regression model trained for the prediction of bulk modulus achieved an R 2 of 0.969, an mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.958 GPa, and an root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.411 GPa, while our classification model for predicting glass-forming ability achieved an F1-score of 0.91, an area-under-the-curve of the receiver-operating-characteristic curve of 0.98, and an accuracy of 0.91. Furthermore, by leveraging a wide array of chemical data from diverse literature sources, we have successfully predicted a broad range of properties. This success underscores the efficacy of our modeling approach and emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive feature analysis and judicious feature selection strategy over a mere reliance on complex modeling techniques.

In the quest for advanced superconducting materials, the accurate prediction of critical temperatures ( T c ) poses a formidable challenge, largely due to the complex interdependencies between superconducting properties and the chemical and structural characteristics of a given material. To address this challenges, we have developed a machine-learning framework that aims to elucidate these complicated and hitherto poorly understood structure-property and property-property relationships. This study introduces a novel machine-learning-based workflow, termed the Gradient Boosted Feature Selection (GBFS), which has been tailored to predict T c for superconductors by employing a distributed gradient-boosting framework. This approach integrates exploratory data analyses, statistical evaluations, and multicollinearity reduction techniques to select highly relevant features from a high-dimensional feature space, derived solely from the chemical composition of materials. Our methodology was rigorously tested on a data set comprising approximately 16,400 chemical compounds with around 12,000 unique chemical compositions. The GBFS workflow enabled the development of a classification model that distinguishes compositions likely to exhibit T c values greater than 10 K. This model achieved a weighted average F1-score of 0.912, an AUC-ROC of 0.986, and an average precision score of 0.919. Additionally, the GBFS workflow underpinned a regression model that predicted T c values with an R 2 of 0.945, an MAE of 3.54 K, and an RMSE of 6.57 K on a test set obtained via random splitting. Further exploration was conducted through out-of-sample T c predictions, particularly those exceeding the liquid nitrogen temperature, and out-of-distribution predictions for (Ca 1- x La x )FeAs 2 based on varying lanthanum content. The outcome of our study underscores the significance of systematic feature analysis and selection in enhancing predictive model performance, offering various advantages over models that rely primarily on algorithmic complexity. This research not only advances the field of superconductivity but also sets a precedent for the application of machine learning in materials science.

Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutation (pTERT MT) promotes human carcinogenesis via aberrant expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). However, the tumorigenic impact of TERT expression independent of pTERT MT remains unclear despite numerous mechanisms of TERT being suggested. To tackle this issue, we employed comprehensive bioinformatics to assess biological variations noticed among different TERT expression mechanisms. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with pTERT MT (pTERT MT PTC) presented aggressive clinical behavior and exhibited biological profiles associated with cellular immortality and genomic instability. PTC with TERT expression but without pTERT MT (TERT (+) PTC), also exhibited poor clinicopathological characteristics and was enriched with immune responses. In accordance, c-MYC/E2F and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) were dominant transcription factors in pTERT MT PTC and TERT (+) PTC, respectively. Notably, we revealed TERT hypermethylated oncological region (THOR) as a potential TERT expressing mechanism in TERT (+) PTC patients. Furthermore, three unique subtypes of papillary thyroid cancer were deciphered using a combination of machine learning-based scoring systems. Our proposed scoring system was clinically significant, especially in microcarcinoma, predicting survival outcomes and inferring therapeutic responses to radioactive iodine therapy. Finally, our analysis was expanded to endocrine-related cancers, unveiling various regulatory mechanisms of TERT with poor clinical outcomes and biological behaviors.

The aim of this study was to analyze perceptions of nasal profiles and the origins of augmentation rhinoplasty in Korea during the Japanese colonial era. Through ( www.google.com ) and ( www.naver.com ), the archives of newspapers and magazines were searched for references to "nasal augmentation." The following topics were identified: the ideal nasal profile in the corresponding era, nasal augmentation by nonsurgical methods, camouflage makeup for noses with a low profile, the earliest literature on augmentation rhinoplasty in Japan, a case of augmentation rhinoplasty in a Korean woman, an estimate of the year when augmentation rhinoplasty was first performed in Korea, and augmentation rhinoplasty by injection. In 1922, the Nose Lifter (nose uplifting clip) was already commercially available to Korean women. The following year, in 1923, Nishihata and Yoshida published their work on augmentation rhinoplasty using ivory in Japan. By 1925, some hospitals had performed augmentation rhinoplasty, but the procedure had not yet gained popularity among Koreans. In 1927, a Japanese author emphasized the importance of an ideal nasal profile harmonizing with the lips, chin, and neck. Also, in 1927, rhinoplasty gained popularity and was performed at various ENT clinics throughout Korea using various methods. In 1929, a 3-dimensional makeup method was introduced to camouflage a low-profile nose. By 1935, there was a belief that augmentation by injection was not harmful. The authors believe that augmentation rhinoplasty began in 1925 and gained popularity among Koreans by 1927. It was not until 1935 that the complications associated with injectable augmentation were recognized., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

The aim of this study was to analyze the beauty pageants that were held in Korea during the Japanese colonial era (1931, 1940). Through searches of www.google.com and www.naver.com , 3 pageants were found: (1) 1931, Miss Korea, organized by Samchunli (a magazine): Any Korean woman, with the exception of Korean geishas, could apply by submitting her photographs. The number of candidates was 326. Nine Korean judges evaluated the photos of the candidates. Among them, the victor was an 18-year-old Korean woman. (2) 1931 (Oct), Miss Joseon, organized by Osaka Mainichi Shimbun: The candidates were categorized into 2 groups: 10 "internals" (Japanese) and 10 Koreans. Their heights and weights, along with their photographs, were provided for the readers' reference. The winners were determined based on the readers' votes. The Japanese victor was a 21-year-old student with a height of 150 cm and a weight of 52 kg (body mass index [BMI] 23.11 kg/m 2 ). The Korean winner was a 19-year-old student standing at 157 cm and weighing 53 kg (BMI 21.50 kg/m 2 ). (3) 1940, Venus of the Peninsula, organized by Modern Japan (a magazine): The candidates were Korean women residing in Japan or Korea. The panel of judges evaluated the photographs of the candidates. The victor was a 20-year-old Korean geisha. Her winning photograph was featured in the Korean edition of the magazine Modern Japan. She stood at 157 cm in height and weighed 45 kg (BMI 18.25 kg/m 2 ). As beauty standards evolved over time, the beauty standards of the 1930s were markedly different from those of today., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

The aim of this study was to conduct an anthropometric analysis of the 5 portraits painted by Botticelli that depict Simonetta Vespucci. Five images in the Simonetta series by Botticelli workshop were measured. The anthropometric measurements of the face included 22 parameters on the lateral view (in 4 portraits; 18 distances and 4 angles) and 17 distances on the frontal view (in one portrait), which were measured using Adobe Photoshop. The absolute distances were calculated relative to the vertical corneal diameter (10.6 mm), which was calculated by multiplying the distance from the pupil's center to the lower margin of the iris. In the lateral faces, the nasofrontal angle (g-n-prn) was 157.6±2.4 degrees, and the nasal tip angle (n-prn-sn) was 99.7±3.4 degrees. The nasolabial angle (prn-sn-ls) was 125.7±4.9 degrees, and the labiomental angle (li-sl-pg) was 131.6±4.4 degrees. The ratio of the upper lip height to the lower lip height (sn-sto/sto-sl) was 85.4±9.0%. The ratio of the upper lip vermillion to the upper lip height (ls-sto/sn-sto) was 27.7±3.9%. The ratio of the lower lip vermillion to the lower lip height (sto-li/sto-sl) was 47.2±6.6%. Comparing the data with 21st-century Italian females, forehead II height (tr-n), physiognomical face height (tr-gn), and morphologic face height (n-gn) of the beauties of the 15th century were significantly greater than those of 21st-century Italian females. However, there were no significant differences in lower face height (sn-gn) and nose height (n-sn). Considering the ongoing cultural relevance of Renaissance art, the esthetic proportions from this study may have reflection to the present day plastic surgery., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

Room-temperature ferromagnets are high-value targets for discovery given the ease by which they could be embedded within magnetic devices. However, the multitude of potential interactions among magnetic ions and their surrounding environments renders the prediction of thermally stable magnetic properties challenging. Therefore, it is vital to explore methods that can effectively screen potential candidates to expedite the discovery of novel ferromagnetic materials within highly intricate feature spaces. To this end, we explore machine-learning (ML) methods as a means to predict the Curie temperature ( T c ) of ferromagnetic materials by discerning patterns within materials databases. This study emphasizes the importance of feature analysis and selection in ML modeling and demonstrates the efficacy of our gradient-boosted statistical feature-selection workflow for training predictive models. The models are fine-tuned through Bayesian optimization, using features derived solely from the chemical compositions of the materials data, before the model predictions are evaluated against literature values. We have collated ca. 35,000 T c values and the performance of our workflow is benchmarked against state-of-the-art algorithms, the results of which demonstrate that our methodology is superior to the majority of alternative methods. In a 10-fold cross-validation, our regression model realized an R 2 of (0.92 ± 0.01), an MAE of (40.8 ± 1.9) K, and an RMSE of (80.0 ± 5.0) K. We demonstrate the utility of our ML model through case studies that forecast T c values for rare-earth intermetallic compounds and generate magnetic phase diagrams for various chemical systems. These case studies highlight the importance of a systematic approach to feature analysis and selection in enhancing both the predictive capability and interpretability of ML models, while being devoid of potential human bias. They demonstrate the advantages of such an approach over a mere reliance on algorithmic complexity and a black-box treatment in ML-based modeling within the domain of computational materials science.

This study aimed to analyze images of the modern beauty of Korea during the Japanese colonial era. Searches were conducted on Google ( www.google.com ) and Naver ( www.naver.com ) for archives of newspapers and magazines that contained images of beauty. Beauty of the face and neck (the early 1920s): an article (1922) detailed the contemporary beauty standards. It specifies the desired characteristics of the eyes, nose, and mouth and dictates that "the cheeks ought to be plump enough to obscure the cheekbones" and "the neck and shoulders should also be full, concealing the collarbones." Images of beauty showing balance and proportion (the late 1920s): in 1928, a magazine article introduced the concept of "the world's beauty from a scientific perspective," which represented Western esthetics as reflected in the "Canon" of body proportions and Vitruvian Man. From the face to the body (from the late 1920s to 1930s): in 1927, a daily newspaper established the standard for global beauty. During this period, there was an increased emphasis on maintaining the body, rather than just the face, as a crucial aspect of beauty. From the mid-1930s, the concept of a "streamlined" female body shape gained popularity. Male gaze, which fragmented and objectified women's bodies, had been visualized and mass-produced. It is essential to understand how preferences have evolved and to possess skilled hands capable of improving the face and body. To properly sculpt the face and body, keen eyes and adept hands are needed., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

This study aims to identify criticisms of rejuvenation and cosmetic surgery through an analysis of "Dr Heidegger's Experiment" (1837), written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Dr Heidegger an eccentric, aged scientist, invites 4 elderly friends to be his subjects of study. The guests drink the water from the "fountain of Youth." As their youth is restored, they revert to the foolish behaviors of their younger days. The 3 men soon start vying for the affection of the now youthful and attractive widow. In the midst of their rivalry over the widow, the vase is shattered, and miraculous water spills out. The guests revert to their elderly states. To regain their lost youth, they journey in search of the fountain. Hawthorne viewed rejuvenation procedures as consumptive and physically destructive transformations. His novel captures the modern anxiety surrounding rejuvenation and cosmetic surgery through the lens of literary fantasy. Observing the transformation of the 4 guests, Dr Heidegger understands that youth is too meager a prize to trade for the wisdom that comes with old age. Advancements in medical science have alleviated modern individuals' concerns regarding rejuvenation and cosmetic surgery. Eugen Holländer and Erich Lexer independently performed a facelift in Germany (1901). Charles Conrad Miller first described the blepharoplasty technique in the United States (1906). Suzanne Noël performed a rhytidectomy in France (1912). For the plastic surgeon, it is important to sculpt the face in a way that reflects the patient's virtues, such as wisdom and dignity-qualities that Hawthorne highlighted through the character of Dr Heidegger., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

The authors present a narrative that details the cause and process of a woman's transformation from beauty to ugliness in a Japanese tale. In " Tokaido Yotsuya Kaidan ," the metamorphosis from a beauty to an ugly woman is analyzed. After taking medication to recover from childbirth, Oiwa's face became disfigured and grotesque. Oiwa: It seems to be good for my blood, but when I drink it, it causes fraying and breakdown, causing sudden pain. I feel a numbing dullness. When she looked at herself in the mirror, she was shocked. Oiwa: What's wrong with my face? I hate this, it's such a disgusting thing. Neighbor: It was a lie that the medicine you drank was a helpful medicine that protects the appearance of people's faces. Your face is that of a wicked woman (). Oiwa: Is it really me? Why does she have the face of an evil woman? Her hair falls out in a gruesome combing scene, driving her mad. The poison Oiwa took was aconite, which grows wild in Japan. Both aconite tincture and raw aconite roots contain high concentrations of Aconitum alkaloids, which can penetrate the stratum corneum following the diffusion gradient. As her hair fell out during a horrific combing session, she abandoned her maternal role and sought revenge, having lost what she considered a symbol of her femininity. In treating female patients with facial disfigurement, it is important to be mindful of their psychological state, akin to that of Oiwa, who became disfigured through no fault of her own., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

The authors introduce a short story about the lifestyle of a cleft lip woman in Korea, published in 1936, about 2 decades before Dr Millard operated on his first patient in Korea. A short story entitled "Ugly Thing," written by Yao-hsieh Chu, analyzed by Eonnyeon, a girl born in a rural area with a cleft lip and palate who excelled at household tasks such as sewing. Her forehead was bulging, and her eyes were protruding. She had a low-profile nose with wide nostrils. She had a left unilateral complete primary cleft, including an alveolar cleft. There was midface retraction, accompanied by a relatively prominent chin. Her voice exhibited hypernasality. People often laugh when they see Eonnyeon eating her food, exclaiming, "She's eating like a rabbit!" However, she married a young man who deserted her on their wedding night because of her appearance. Subsequently, she moved to an urban area and found work as a housemaid. One day, she was raped by a middle-aged water delivery man, who then fled. Ten months later, she gave birth to a girl who also had a cleft lip. In a moment of despair, Eonnyeon attempted to smother her baby with a pillow but stopped herself. She resolved to raise her daughter despite the challenges ahead. The mockery directed at her could be viewed as an expression of the latent sadism inherent in human nature. It is remarkable to consider the progress made since Millard performed his first cleft lip surgery in Korea in 1954., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

In Victor Hugo's The Man Who Laughs, the protagonist has a facial cleft. The authors aimed to comprehend the psychological experience of a patient with a facial cleft by analyzing this novel. The novel concerns the life of a young nobleman, Gwynplaine, disfigured as a child, who travels with his protector and companion, the vagabond philosopher Ursus, and Dea, a baby girl he rescued. During the oppressive rule of the king, one of his adversaries was Lord Linnaeus Clancharlie, who had taken refuge in Switzerland. The tyrannical monarch ordered the execution of Gwynplaine's father and commissioned a surgeon, Dr Hardquannone, to carve the boy's face into a perpetual grin. The king declared that he should "laugh forever at his fool of a father." Subsequently, the king sold the boy to a group who specialized in the mutilation and disfigurement of children. On the psychology of a boy with an appearance giving the impression of laughing, Hugo wrote: "By laughing Gwynplaine made people laugh. However, he wasn't laughing. His face laughed, his thoughts did not." When Ursus met Gwynplaine, Ursus asked the boy: "What are you laughing at?" The boy replied: I'm not laughing. Ursus: Then you are terrible. Gwynplaine's unnatural laughter, which stems from an artificial deformation of the muscles, is a silent form of laughter. It represents the eternal laughter of those who do not truly laugh, signifying emotional emptiness and an accompanying sense of indifference. Plastic surgeons can restore an "unnatural laughing face" to a "natural smiling face.", Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

The aim of this study was to analyze the origins of the double-eyelid procedure in Korea during the Japanese colonial era. Through Google (www.google.com) and Naver (www.naver.com), the archives of newspapers and magazines were searched. The following topics were identified: ideal eyes in the Japanese colonial era, creating double eyelids using a non-surgical method, the first case of a double-eyelid operation in a Korean woman, and the presumed first case of a double-eyelid operation in Korea. By 1935, possessing double eyelids had come to be recognized as a symbol of modern beauty. An article suggested that women with small eyes consider surgery to transform their "single eyelid" into a "double-eyelid." It endorsed plastic surgery as a marker of "worldly progress." In 1939, a magazine featured an advertisement for Aihon tape, which was promoted to create "double eyelids." Oh Yeop-ju, the first Korean hairdresser, underwent double-eyelid surgery at an Ophthalmology Clinic in Japan, sometime between 1927 and 1932. She is celebrated as a beauty icon who broadened the beauty horizons of Korean women. After returning in 1933 with a "very beautiful" appearance resulting from successful double-eyelid surgery, she received a special invitation to the Kong Eye Center in Seoul, which opened in 1937. Upon hearing her detailed account and examining her eyelids, the clinic began offering double-eyelid surgery. The technique for double-eyelid surgery was introduced from Japan and disseminated through a medical journal and to patients who had undergone the procedure in Japan., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

The aim of this study was to analyze the appearance of women viewed as "ugly but capable" in ancient China. A Google search was conducted for the "Four Great Ugly Women." Information on 3 women was collected from Lienüzhuana, a collection of biographies of eminent women compiled by the Former Han period. With the addition of 1 (Huang Yueying), 7 "ugly but capable" women were analyzed. The manifestations of their ugliness in the texts were recorded. Among the 7 women, 5 exhibited physical manifestations, whereas the remaining 2 were simply described as "ugly" without specific characteristics. Among the discernible body characteristics of the 5 women deemed unattractive, the most common feature was dark skin (80%), followed by body shape (60%). Other frequently observed traits included sparse or yellow hair, an upturned or overly large nose, a convex forehead, and an unattractive neck (each at 40%), with the latter potentially exhibiting a protruding Adam's apple, a thick neck, or a neck mass. Less common features were sunken eyes, a large head, and a masculine skeleton, each occurring in 20% of cases. Based on the depiction of women considered unattractive, the authors can infer that dark skin, a fat body, a large or upturned nose, sparse hair, a protruding forehead, a thick neck, deep-set eyes, and a large head were elements associated with ugliness. Through the description of the ugly woman, authors can infer the standards of ugliness in ancient China., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

The aim of this study was to determine how the aging-related changes of a beautiful woman were described in Japanese literature. A poem written by Ono no Komachi was reviewed. Images of her were also searched through Google search. Komachi's poem in Hyakunin Isshu reads: "How the color has faded from the flowers. As I gaze in reverie at the falling rain, I find my beauty, too, has fallen in this world's esteem." Tamatsukuri Komachiko's Death Book describes: "She became thin and looked tired. Her hair looks like a lotus with frost. Her skin resembles a frozen pear. Her bones stick out and her tendons are visible. Her face is dark, and her teeth are yellow". Color woodblock print shows an old woman: She retains her intelligence and beauty even in her advanced years. Her posture was stooped, with a pronounced forward curvature of the spine, resulting as "turtle neck." Her hair was long and gray. Visible signs of aging included forehead wrinkles, crow's feet, deepened nasolabial folds, and marionette lines. Her upper jaw appeared retracted, a "witch's chin." She exhibited neck wrinkles as well as on her hands and wrists, which grasped a bamboo walking stick. Her eyes were sunken, accompanied by a drooping of the upper eyelids. We think that the narrative of her transformation into an ugly and poor woman was intended to convey to men the fleeting nature of women's beauty, and to women that the power of beauty is not ultimately of major significance., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

The aim of this study is to ascertain how women of that era looked to a Korean diplomat who visited Japan in the 18th century. During 1763-1764, the "Documents on Joseon Tongsinsa (diplomatic mission)" contain 10 records of Korea and 2 records of Japan. Among them, "The Song of a Grand Trip to Japan" (), a Joseon gasa, was reviewed. In the diary entries dated February 2 and 3, 1764, when he was in Nagoya, the author (Kim Ingyeom) described the physical appearance of Japanese women in the city. The peoples of here are bright and beautiful/ All the women are peerless beauties. With eyes like stars and cinnabar-red lips / A clear complexion like white jade, eyebrows like butterflies,/ Hands like budding sprouts, forehead like a cicada. They look like carved ice and as if lumped together with snow. How are they so beautiful despite having the flesh and blood of a human being? Though Zhao Feiyan and Yang Guifei (queens of China) are called the eternal beauties,/ They would look less beautiful compared to women here. If they dressed in Korean costumes and were decorated with jewels,/ We would forget ourselves and mistaken them as goddesses. He highlighted features such as prominent foreheads, eyebrows shaped like butterflies, star-like eyes, red lips, slender hands, and pale skin. He portrayed Japanese women as having a superior appearance compared to Chinese or Korean women. This record suggests that a diplomat admired the appearance of Japanese women during the Meiwa Era (1764-1772)., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

The skull most commonly symbolizes death, mortality, and the unachievable nature of immortality. However, in Korean Buddhist art, skulls are rarely found. The aim of this study was to explore the image and meaning of the skull in the Joseon dynasty (1392 to 1910) of Korea. The terms [Buddhist] and [painting] and [Korea] were used to search Google (www.google.com), and the Research Information Sharing Service of Korea (https://www-riss-kr-ssl.openlink), was also searched for [Buddhism] () and [art] () and [skull] (). This study focused on paintings or statues of Avalokiteśvara because Avalokiteśvara was often depicted holding various items in the hands, especially the multiarmed Avalokiteśvara. The corresponding Buddhist texts were searched on "Archives of Buddhist Culture" (http://kabc.dongguk.edu). In the paintings and statues of the 42-armed Sahasra-bhuja Avalokiteśvara, one of the hands was holding a skull rod. In the royal version of the "Five Great Dhārāṇis Collection ()," which was published in 1458, a skull was found in a rod held by a 42-armed Avalokiteśvara. This corresponds to one of the verses of the "42-Hand Mantras" (Om dhuna vajra ha). The purpose of the mantra was to communicate with and manipulate ghosts. The meaning in the original Susiddhikara Sutra is quite different from the 42-Hand Mantras in the Joseon dynasty of Korea. The reason for this difference is thought to be the merger of esoteric Buddhism with the folk religions of China and Korea., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

Molecular design depends heavily on optical properties for applications such as solar cells and polymer-based batteries. Accurate prediction of these properties is essential, and multiple predictive methods exist, from ab initio to data-driven techniques. Although theoretical methods, such as time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations, have well-established physical relevance and are among the most popular methods in computational physics and chemistry, they exhibit errors that are inherent in their approximate nature. These high-throughput electronic structure calculations also incur a substantial computational cost. With the emergence of big-data initiatives, cost-effective, data-driven methods have gained traction, although their usability is highly contingent on the degree of data quality and sparsity. In this study, we present a workflow that employs deep residual convolutional neural networks (DR-CNN) and gradient boosting feature selection to predict peak optical absorption wavelengths (λ max ) exclusively from SMILES representations of dye molecules and solvents; one would normally measure λ max using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. We use a multifidelity modeling approach, integrating 34,893 DFT calculations and 26,395 experimentally derived λ max data, to deliver more accurate predictions via a Bayesian-optimized gradient boosting machine. Our approach is benchmarked against the state of the art that is reported in the scientific literature; results demonstrate that learnt representations via a DR-CNN workflow that is integrated with other machine learning methods can accelerate the design of molecules for specific optical characteristics.

Machine learning (ML) methods can train a model to predict material properties by exploiting patterns in materials databases that arise from structure-property relationships. However, the importance of ML-based feature analysis and selection is often neglected when creating such models. Such analysis and selection are especially important when dealing with multifidelity data because they afford a complex feature space. This work shows how a gradient-boosted statistical feature-selection workflow can be used to train predictive models that classify materials by their metallicity and predict their band gap against experimental measurements, as well as computational data that are derived from electronic-structure calculations. These models are fine-tuned via Bayesian optimization, using solely the features that are derived from chemical compositions of the materials data. We test these models against experimental, computational, and a combination of experimental and computational data. We find that the multifidelity modeling option can reduce the number of features required to train a model. The performance of our workflow is benchmarked against state-of-the-art algorithms, the results of which demonstrate that our approach is either comparable to or superior to them. The classification model realized an accuracy score of 0.943, a macro-averaged F1-score of 0.940, area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.985, and an average precision of 0.977, while the regression model achieved a mean absolute error of 0.246, a root-mean squared error of 0.402, and R 2 of 0.937. This illustrates the efficacy of our modeling approach and highlights the importance of thorough feature analysis and judicious selection over a "black-box" approach to feature engineering in ML-based modeling.

The aim of this study was to investigate the aesthetic characteristics of Chinese beauty through an anthropometric analysis of beauty pageant winners from 1952 to 2021. Photographs from 5 renowned Chinese beauty pageants (Miss World Pageant, Miss Earth Pageant, Miss Universe Pageant, Miss International Pageant, and Miss Chinese Cosmos Pageant) were gathered and a total of 294 frontal and 31 lateral photographs were collected. The photos were divided into 3 time phases: phase I (1952-1977): from the first time when Chinese girls participated in beauty pageants, up until the time of reform and opening; phase II (1978-2002): from reform and opening to the re-opening of the Miss Chinese Cosmos Pageant; phase III (2003-2021): to the present. The horizontal corneal diameter (11.52 mm) was set as the reference value for the frontal face. Among the 35 anthropometric items of frontal faces (26 distances and 9 angles) and 41 anthropometric items of lateral faces (33 distances and 8 angles), 21 anthropometric items (16 distances and 5 angles) and 8 proportional indices of frontal faces showed significant differences. On lateral pictures, 2 angles showed significant differences among the 3 phases. Regarding the anthropometric measurements that decreased across the 3 phases, the width of the face, midface, and lower face exhibited the greatest changes. The lower face width showed the most striking changes, with a decrease from 128.5 to 112.0 mm. The quadratic regression revealed a significant turning point after 1978, coinciding with the period of Chinese reform and opening, which had a profound impact on aesthetics., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

Emergent inhomogeneous electronic phases in metallic quantum systems are crucial for understanding high-T c superconductivity and other novel quantum states. In particular, spin droplets introduced by nonmagnetic dopants in quantum-critical superconductors (QCSs) can lead to a novel magnetic state in superconducting phases. However, the role of disorders caused by nonmagnetic dopants in quantum-critical regimes and their precise relation with superconductivity remain unclear. Here, the systematic evolution of a strong correlation between superconductive intertwined electronic phases and antiferromagnetism in Cd-doped CeCoIn 5 is presented by measuring current-voltage characteristics under an external pressure. In the low-pressure coexisting regime where antiferromagnetic (AFM) and superconducting (SC) orders coexist, the critical current (I c ) is gradually suppressed by the increasing magnetic field, as in conventional type-II superconductors. At pressures higher than the critical pressure where the AFM order disappears, I c remarkably shows a sudden spike near the irreversible magnetic field. In addition, at high pressures far from the critical pressure point, the peak effect is not suppressed, but remains robust over the whole superconducting region. These results indicate that magnetic islands are protected around dopant sites despite being suppressed by the increasingly correlated effects under pressure, providing a new perspective on the role of quenched disorders in QCSs., (© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Life-threatening airway obstruction is a major concern in patients with Pierre-Robin sequence. Tongue-lip adhesion (TLA) has been used to manage airway obstruction. The authors present the case of a female neonate with Pierre-Robin sequence who presented with airway obstruction and a cleft palate. She underwent a TLA procedure with modified tongue base suspension (TBS). Endoscopy was used to check and control the traction of the tongue base to enable unobstructed self-ventilation. Positive outcomes including improved O2 saturation and weight gain were noted. The effectiveness of TLA was enhanced by using TBS with real-time endoscopy to evaluate the oropharyngeal airway space required to alleviate airway obstruction. The use of endoscopy enabled us to check and determine how much the tongue base should be tracted by manipulating the tongue anteriorly and posteriorly. The authors report transoral endoscopy-assisted TLA and modified TBS., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

With the emergence of big data initiatives and the wealth of available chemical data, data-driven approaches are becoming a vital component of materials discovery pipelines or workflows. The screening of materials using machine-learning models, in particular, is increasingly gaining momentum to accelerate the discovery of new materials. However, the black-box treatment of machine-learning methods suffers from a lack of model interpretability, as feature relevance and interactions can be overlooked or disregarded. In addition, naive approaches to model training often lead to irrelevant features being used which necessitates the need for various regularization techniques to achieve model generalization; this incurs a high computational cost. We present a feature-selection workflow that overcomes this problem by leveraging a gradient boosting framework and statistical feature analyses to identify a subset of features, in a recursive manner, which maximizes their relevance to the target variable or classes. We subsequently obtain minimal feature redundancy through multicollinearity reduction by performing feature correlation and hierarchical cluster analyses. The features are further refined using a wrapper method, which follows a greedy search approach by evaluating all possible feature combinations against the evaluation criterion. A case study on elastic material-property prediction and a case study on the classification of materials by their metallicity are used to illustrate the use of our proposed workflow; although it is highly general, as demonstrated through our wider subsequent prediction of various material properties. Our Bayesian-optimized machine-learning models generated results, without the use of regularization techniques, which are comparable to the state-of-the-art that are reported in the scientific literature., (© 2023 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)

Metastasis of lung cancer to the skin is uncommon, presenting in 0.22% to 12% of lung cancer patients, and it is extremely rare for skin metastasis to be the first clinical manifestation of lung cancer. In the few cases where skin metastasis has been reported as the first sign of lung cancer, the patients were typically heavy smokers or had preexisting respiratory diseases and symptoms. This prompted clinicians to consider skin metastasis of a pulmonary malignancy. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare type of lung cancer that accounts for approximately 3% of lung cancers. LCNEC mainly metastasizes to visceral organs, such as the liver, bone, and brain, and it only shows metastasis to the skin in very rare cases. Herein, we report an unusual case of a metastatic skin lesion as the first sign of primary pulmonary LCNEC, in a 63-year-old woman with no pulmonary symptoms or personal history of smoking or pulmonary disease.

Background: Mandibular split fractures, in which the fracture occurs exclusively in the posterior wall, are uncommon. This study aimed to enhance clinicians' understanding of mandibular split fractures and offer insights for future research., Methods: This study included six patients who visited our hospital between January 2020 and June 2023 and were diagnosed with mandibular split fractures. We retrospectively collected data from patients' medical records on their age, sex, symptoms, mechanism, impact site, associated injuries, and treatment method, as well as the location, pattern, and number of fractures observed on computed tomography (CT) and panoramic images. The frequency of split fractures among all mandibular fractures was calculated., Results: The six patients included three men (50%) and three women (50%), ranging in age from 20 to 71 years (mean age, 49.8 years). The split fractures were located in the symphysis in one patient (16.7%), symphysis to parasymphysis in two patients (33.3%), parasymphysis in one patient (16.7%), and parasymphysis to the body in two patients (33.3%). Four patients (66.7%) had condylar head fractures, while two patients (33.3%) had single split fractures. The mechanism of trauma was a slip-down incident in four cases (66.7%), while two cases (33.3%) were caused by motorcycle traffic accidents. Four patients (67%) underwent intermaxillary fixation, while two patients (33%) improved with conservative treatment. Split fractures were diagnosed in all six patients on CT, whereas the fracture line was not clearly visible on panoramic images. Mandibular split fractures accounted for 5.6% of all mandibular fractures., Conclusion: This study provides insights into the clinical characteristics of rare mandibular split fractures and the diagnostic imaging findings. Furthermore, CT scans and three-dimensional image synthesis-instead of panoramic images-may be essential for accurately diagnosing mandibular fractures, including mandibular split fractures, in the future.

Fe x GeTe 2 ( x = 3, 4, and 5) systems, two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic (FM) metals with high Curie temperatures ( T C ), have been intensively studied to realize all-2D spintronic devices. Recently, an intrinsic FM material Fe 3 GaTe 2 with high T C (350-380 K) has been reported. As substitutional doping changes the magnetic properties of vdW magnets, it can be a powerful means for engineering the properties of magnetic materials. Here, the coercive field ( H c ) is substantially enhanced by substituting Ni for Fe in (Fe 1- x Ni x ) 3 GaTe 2 crystals. The introduction of a Ni dopant with x = 0.03 can enhance the value of H c up to ∼200% while maintaining the FM state at room temperature. As the doping level increases, T C decreases, whereas H c increases up to 7 kOe at x = 0.12, which is the highest H c reported so far. The FM characteristic is almost suppressed at x = 0.68 and a spin glass state appears. The enhancement of H c resulting from Ni doping can be attributed to domain pinning induced by substitutional Ni atoms, as evidenced by the decrease in magnetic anisotropy energy in the crystals upon Ni doping. Our findings provide a highly effective way to control the H c of the 2D vdW FM metal Fe 3 GaTe 2 for the realization of Fe 3 GaTe 2 based room-temperature operating spintronic devices.

We investigated the flux pinning properties in terms of the critical current density ( J c ) and pinning force density ( F p ) of MgB 2 films with ZnO buffer layers of various thicknesses. At higher thicknesses of the buffer layer, significantly larger J c values are observed in the high-field region, whereas J c values in the low- and intermediate-field regions remain largely unaffected. A secondary point-pinning mechanism other than primary grain boundary pinning is observed in the F p analysis, which depends on the thickness of the ZnO buffer layer. Moreover, a close relationship between the Mg and B bond ordering and the fitting parameter of secondary pinning is obtained, indicating that the local structural distortion of MgB 2 induced by ZnO buffer layers with different thicknesses may contribute to flux-pinning enhancement in the high-field region. Discovering further advantages of ZnO as a buffer layer other than the delamination resistance it provides will help to develop a MgB 2 superconducting cable with a high J c for power applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Infrared spectroscopy is a ubiquitous technique used to characterize unknown materials in the form of solids, liquids, or gases by identifying the constituent functional groups of molecules through the analysis of obtained spectra. The conventional method of spectral interpretation demands the expertise of a trained spectroscopist as it is tedious and prone to error, particularly for complex molecules which have poor representation in the literature. Herein, we present a novel method for automatically identifying functional groups in molecules given the corresponding infrared spectra, which requires no recourse to database-searching, rule-based, or peak-matching methods. Our model employs convolutional neural networks that are capable of successfully classifying 37 functional groups which have been trained and tested on 50 936 infrared spectra and 30 611 unique molecules. Our approach demonstrates its practical relevance in the autonomous analytical identification of functional groups in organic molecules from infrared spectra., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Background: Constructing a sample of real users as participants in user studies is considered by most researchers to be vital for the validity, usefulness, and applicability of research findings. However, how often user studies reported in information technology academic literature sample real users or surrogate users is unknown. Therefore, it is uncertain whether or not the use of surrogate users in place of real users is a widespread problem within user study practice., Objective: To determine how often user studies reported in peer-reviewed information technology literature sample real users or surrogate users as participants., Method: We analyzed 725 user studies reported in 628 peer-reviewed articles published from 2013 through 2021 in 233 unique conference and journal outlets, retrieved from the ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science archives. To study the sample selection choices, we categorized each study as generic ( i.e ., users are from the general population) or targeted ( i.e ., users are from a specific subpopulation), and the sampled study participants as real users ( i.e ., from the study population) or surrogate users ( i.e ., other than real users )., Results: Our analysis of all 725 user studies shows that roughly two-thirds (75.4%) sampled real users . However, of the targeted studies, only around half (58.4%) sampled real users . Of the targeted studies sampling surrogate users , the majority (69.7%) used students, around one-in-four (23.6%) sampled through crowdsourcing, and the remaining 6.7% of studies used researchers or did not specify who the participants were., Conclusions: Key findings are as follows: (a) the state of sampling real users in information technology research has substantial room for improvement for targeted studies; (b) researchers often do not explicitly characterize their study participants in adequate detail, which is probably the most disconcerting finding; and (c) suggestions are provided for recruiting real users, which may be challenging for researchers., Implications: The results imply a need for standard guidelines for reporting the types of users sampled for a user study. We provide a template for reporting user study sampling with examples., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2022 Salminen et al.)

Purpose: This study was to investigate the frequency of mismatch repair deficiency/high microsatellite instability (MMRd/MSI-H) in gynecologic malignancies and the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with recurrent gynecologic cancers according to MMR/MSI status., Materials and Methods: We conducted a multi-center retrospective review on the patients who were diagnosed with gynecologic cancers between 2015 and 2020. Their clinicopathologic information, results of immunohistochemistry staining for MLH1/MSH2/MSH6/PMS2 and MSI analysis, tumor response to treatment with ICIs were investigated., Results: Among 1,093 patients included in the analysis, MMRd/MSI-H was most frequent in endometrial/uterine cancers (34.8%, 164/471), followed by ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancers (12.8%, 54/422) and cervical cancer (11.3%, 21/186). When assessed by histology without regard for cancer types, the frequency of MMRd/MSI-H was 11.0% (38/345) in high-grade serous adenocarcinoma, 38.6% (117/303) in endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and 30.2% (16/53) in carcinosarcoma. A total of 114 patients were treated with ICIs at least once. The objective response rate (ORR) was 21.6% (8/37) in cervical cancer, 4.7% (2/43) in ovarian cancer, and 25.8% (8/31) in endometrial/uterine cancers. Univariate regression analysis identified MMRd/MSI-H as the only significant factor associated with the ORR (28.9% [11/38] vs. 11.8% [9/76]; odds ratio, 3.033; 95% confidence interval, 1.129-8.144; p=0.028)., Conclusion: The frequency of MMRd/MSI-H is moderate to high in gynecologic cancers in the Korean population. MMRd/MSI-H could be effective predictive biomarkers in gynecologic cancers of any type.

User-centric design within organizations is crucial for developing information technology that offers optimal usability and user experience. Personas are a central user-centered design technique that puts people before technology and helps decision makers understand the needs and wants of the end-user segments of their products, systems, and services. However, it is not clear how ready organizations are to adopt persona thinking. To address these concerns, we develop and validate the Persona Readiness Scale (PRS), a survey instrument to measure organizational readiness for personas. After a 12-person qualitative pilot study, the PRS was administered to 372 professionals across different industries to examine its reliability and validity, including 125 for exploratory factor analysis and 247 for confirmatory factor analysis. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit with five dimensions: Culture readiness, Knowledge readiness, Data and systems readiness, Capability readiness, and Goal readiness. Higher persona readiness is positively associated with the respondents' evaluations of successful persona projects. Organizations can apply the resulting 18-item scale to identify areas of improvement before initiating costly persona projects towards the overarching goal of user-centric product development. Located at the cross-section of information systems and human-computer interaction, our research provides a valuable instrument for organizations wanting to leverage personas towards more user-centric and empathetic decision making about users., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10799-022-00373-9., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

Derived from the notion of algorithmic bias, it is possible that creating user segments such as personas from data results in over- or under-representing certain segments (FAIRNESS), does not properly represent the diversity of the user populations (DIVERSITY), or produces inconsistent results when hyperparameters are changed (CONSISTENCY). Collecting user data on 363M video views from a global news and media organization, we compare personas created from this data using different algorithms. Results indicate that the algorithms fall into two groups: those that generate personas with low diversity-high fairness and those that generate personas with high diversity-low fairness . The algorithms that rank high on diversity tend to rank low on fairness (Spearman's correlation: -0.83). The algorithm that best balances diversity, fairness, and consistency is Spectral Embedding. The results imply that the choice of algorithm is a crucial step in data-driven user segmentation, because the algorithm fundamentally impacts the demographic attributes of the generated personas and thus influences how decision makers view the user population. The results have implications for algorithmic bias in user segmentation and creating user segments that not only consider commercial segmentation criteria but also consider criteria derived from ethical discussions in the computing community.

We aimed to investigate the prevalence and relative contributions of LS and non-LS mutations in patients with endometrial cancer in Korea. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 204 patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer who underwent a germline next generation sequencing multigene panel test covering MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and EPCAM at three tertiary centers. Thirty patients (14.7%) with pathogenic mutations (12 MLH1; 6 MSH2; 10 MSH6; 2 PMS2) and 20 patients (9.8%) with 22 unclassified variants (8 MLH1; 8 MSH2; 2 MSH6; 3 PMS2; 1 EPCAM) were identified. After excluding four close relatives of a proband, the prevalence of LS was 13.0% (26/200). Patients with LS were more likely than those with sporadic cancer to be younger at diagnosis (48 vs. 53 years, p = 0.045) and meet the Amsterdam II criteria (66.7 vs. 3.5%, p < 0.001). Non-endometrioid histology was more prevalent in patients with MSH6 or PMS2 mutations (41.7%) than those with MLH1 or MSH2 mutations (5.6%, p = 0.026). In this pre-selected cohort of endometrial cancer patients who underwent next generation sequencing, the prevalence of LS was 13%, thus supporting the use of gene panel testing for endometrial cancer patients.

High-entropy alloy (HEA) superconductors-a new class of functional materials-can be utilized stably under extreme conditions, such as in space environments, owing to their high mechanical hardness and excellent irradiation tolerance. However, the feasibility of practical applications of HEA superconductors has not yet been demonstrated because the critical current density (J c ) for HEA superconductors has not yet been adequately characterized. Here, we report the fabrication of high-quality superconducting (SC) thin films of Ta-Nb-Hf-Zr-Ti HEAs via a pulsed laser deposition. The thin films exhibit a large J c of >1 MA cm -2 at 4.2 K and are therefore favorable for SC devices as well as large-scale applications. In addition, they show extremely robust superconductivity to irradiation-induced disorder controlled by the dose of Kr-ion irradiation. The superconductivity of the HEA films is more than 1000 times more resistant to displacement damage than that of other promising superconductors with technological applications, such as MgB 2 , Nb 3 Sn, Fe-based superconductors, and high-T c cuprate superconductors. These results demonstrate that HEA superconductors have considerable potential for use under extreme conditions, such as in aerospace applications, nuclear fusion reactors, and high-field SC magnets., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

This research compares four standard analytics metrics from Google Analytics with SimilarWeb using one year's average monthly data for 86 websites from 26 countries and 19 industry verticals. The results show statistically significant differences between the two services for total visits, unique visitors, bounce rates, and average session duration. Using Google Analytics as the baseline, SimilarWeb average values were 19.4% lower for total visits, 38.7% lower for unique visitors, 25.2% higher for bounce rate, and 56.2% higher for session duration. The website rankings between SimilarWeb and Google Analytics for all metrics are significantly correlated, especially for total visits and unique visitors. The accuracy/inaccuracy of the metrics from both services is discussed from the vantage of the data collection methods employed. In the absence of a gold standard, combining the two services is a reasonable approach, with Google Analytics for onsite and SimilarWeb for network metrics. Finally, the differences between SimilarWeb and Google Analytics measures are systematic, so with Google Analytics metrics from a known site, one can reasonably generate the Google Analytics metrics for related sites based on the SimilarWeb values. The implications are that SimilarWeb provides conservative analytics in terms of visits and visitors relative to those of Google Analytics, and both tools can be utilized in a complementary fashion in situations where site analytics is not available for competitive intelligence and benchmarking analysis., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Purpose: While the risk of lower limb lymphedema (LLE) after radical surgery for gynecologic malignancies is multifactorial, the limited assessment of lymph nodes (LNs), such as sentinel LN biopsy, has been incorporated into a standard procedure. We assessed the relationship between the number of LNs retrieved from the hemipelvis and the incidence of ipsilateral LLE (iLLE)., Methods: This retrospective study included 103 women with gynecologic cancer who had LNs removed with minimally invasive surgery between January 2014 and December 2018. For early detection of LLE, the patients were followed up by a lymphedema specialist who complied with the International Society of Lymphedema criteria. Potential risk factors for LLE were collected, and the risk factors were further investigated according to the number of LNs removed in a side-specific manner., Results: LLE was diagnosed in 32 (31.1%) patients, and most of them were diagnosed with unilateral ( n =  22) LLE rather than bilateral ( n =  10). The number of pelvic LNs removed (p = 0.018), no lymphatic mapping (p = 0.034), and radiation (p = 0.020) were associated with the development of one or both LLEs. A side-specific analysis revealed that the incidence of iLLE increased significantly when four or more LNs were removed from the hemipelvis compared with three or fewer LNs (22.9% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.048)., Conclusions: The number of pelvic LNs retrieved was associated with the incidence of LLE in patients with early gynecologic cancer. We identified the cutoff number per hemipelvis through side-specific analysis that could minimize the risk of iLLE. Further studies are needed to validate our results.

Notch signaling is a druggable target in high-grade serous ovarian cancers; however, its complexity is not clearly understood. Recent revelations of the biological roles of lncRNAs have led to an increased interest in the oncogenic action of lncRNAs in various cancers. In this study, we performed in silico analyses using The Cancer Genome Atlas data to discover novel Notch-related lncRNAs and validated our transcriptome data via NOTCH1/3 silencing in serous ovarian cancer cells. The expression of novel Notch-related lncRNAs was down-regulated by a Notch inhibitor and was upregulated in high-grade serous ovarian cancers, compared to benign or borderline ovarian tumors. Functionally, Notch-related lncRNAs were tightly linked to Notch-related changes in diverse gene expressions. Notably, genes related to DNA repair and spermatogenesis showed specific correlations with Notch-related lncRNAs. Master transcription factors, including EGR1, CTCF, GABPα, and E2F4 might orchestrate the upregulation of Notch-related lncRNAs, along with the associated genes. The discovery of Notch-related lncRNAs significantly contributes to our understanding of the complex crosstalk of Notch signaling with other oncogenic pathways at the transcriptional level.