218 results on '"Junling Sun"'
Search Results
2. An Improved H-Algorand Consensus Mechanism With Credibility Assessment Applying in EMR Storage System
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Weiqing Sun, Jiatai Sun, Xiaohui Wang, Junling Sun, Yunzhou Chai, and Lihua Wang
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Blockchain ,electronic medical records ,credibility assessment ,H-Algorand consensus mechanism ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
In order to enhance the security and throughput of medical records storage system, a model using an improved H-Algorand consensus mechanism with credibility assessment is proposed. In this study, the model applies blockchain technology to realize distributed storage and privacy protection of medical data. To ensure the effective operation of the blockchain system, a credibility assessment algorithm is used to obtain the trust value of each medical institution node, and replaces the account balances in the H-Algorand consensus mechanism with the trust value as the node weight. Meanwhile, this paper designs a privacy protection scheme, through the searchable encryption algorithm and asymmetric encryption algorithm to achieve system data storage and sharing. Compared with the existing medical record storage model, the proposed model has higher security and throughput efficiency.
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- 2022
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3. A Double-Layer Vehicle Speed Prediction Based on BPNN-LSTM for Off-Road Vehicles
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Jichao Liu, Yanyan Liang, Zheng Chen, Huaiyi Li, Weikang Zhang, and Junling Sun
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vehicle speed prediction ,BPNN ,LSTM ,non-road vehicles ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
The accurate prediction of vehicle speed is crucial for the energy management of vehicles. The existing vehicle speed prediction (VSP) methods mainly focus on road vehicles and rarely on off-road vehicles. In this paper, a double-layer VSP method based on backpropagation neural network (BPNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) for off-road vehicles is proposed. First of all, considering the motion characteristics of off-road vehicles, the VSP problem is established and the relationship between the variables in the problem is carefully analyzed. Then, the double-layer VSP framework is presented, which consists of speed prediction and information update layers. The speed prediction layer established by using LSTM is to predict vehicle speed in the horizon, and the information update layer built by BPNN is to update the prediction information. Finally, with the help of mining truck and loader operation scenarios, the proposed VSP method is compared with the analytical method, BPNN prediction method, and recurrent neural network (RNN) prediction method in terms of speed prediction accuracy. The results show that, under the premise of ensuring the real-time prediction performance, the average prediction error of the proposed BPNN-LSTM prediction method under two operation scenarios reduces by 48.14%, 35.82% and 30.09% compared with the other three methods, respectively. The proposed speed prediction method provides a new solution for predicting the speed of off-road vehicles, effectively improving the speed prediction accuracy.
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- 2023
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4. Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 to Close Contacts, China, January–February 2020
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Yu Li, Jianhua Liu, Zhongcheng Yang, Jianxing Yu, Chengzhong Xu, Aiqin Zhu, Hao Zhang, Xiaokun Yang, Xin Zhao, Minrui Ren, Zhili Li, Jinzhao Cui, Hongting Zhao, Xiang Ren, Chengxi Sun, Ying Cheng, Qiulan Chen, Zhaorui Chang, Junling Sun, Lance E. Rodewald, Liping Wang, Luzhao Feng, George F. Gao, Zijian Feng, and Zhongjie Li
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Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
We estimated the symptomatic, PCR-confirmed secondary attack rate (SAR) for 2,382 close contacts of 476 symptomatic persons with coronavirus disease in Yichang, Hubei Province, China, identified during January 23–February 25, 2020. The SAR among all close contacts was 6.5%; among close contacts who lived with an index case-patient, the SAR was 10.8%; among close-contact spouses of index case-patients, the SAR was 15.9%. The SAR varied by close contact age, from 3.0% for those 60 years of age. Multilevel logistic regression showed that factors significantly associated with increased SAR were living together, being a spouse, and being >60 years of age. Multilevel regression did not support SAR differing significantly by whether the most recent contact occurred before or after the index case-patient’s onset of illness (p = 0.66). The relatively high SAR for coronavirus disease suggests relatively high virus transmissibility.
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- 2021
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5. Research on laser center positioning under CV model segmentation
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Xingchen Guo, Pengge Ma, Dongdong Meng, Junling Sun, Qiuchun Jin, and Hongguang Wei
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laser spot ,wavelet transform ,CV model ,level set ,centralized positioning ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Spot positioning accuracy is an important index of laser processing system and ranging system. When the laser spot is noisy or the gray level is not uniform, the positioning accuracy is easily affected. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes a laser spot segmentation method based on the Chan-Vese model, which can improve the accuracy of spot center localization in combination with the gray centroid method. Firstly, the laser spot image is decomposed by two-dimensional wavelet, and the high-frequency component is suppressed by soft threshold function to eliminate the noise in the laser spot image. Secondly, the level set algorithm based on Chan-Vese model is used to segment the laser spot image with adaptive improvement of the initial coordinates of the evolution curve. Finally, the center coordinates are calculated inside the segmentation curve using the gray centroid method. Experimental results show that the method is more accurate and robust.
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- 2022
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6. Favorable pleiotropic loci for fiber yield and quality in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
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Pengpeng Wang, Shoupu He, Gaofei Sun, Zhaoe Pan, Junling Sun, Xiaoli Geng, Zhen Peng, Wenfang Gong, Liru Wang, Baoyin Pang, Yinhua Jia, and Xiongming Du
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important economic crop for renewable textile fibers. However, the simultaneous improvement of yield and fiber quality in cotton is difficult as the linkage drag. Compared with breaking the linkage drag, identification of the favorable pleiotropic loci on the genome level by genome-wide association study (GWAS) provides a new way to improve the yield and fiber quality simultaneously. In our study restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) was used to genotype 316 cotton accessions. Eight major traits in three categories including yield, fiber quality and maturation were investigated in nine environments (3 sites × 3 years). 231 SNPs associated with these eight traits (− log10(P) > 5.27) were identified, located in 27 genomic regions respectively by linkage disequilibrium analysis. Further analysis showed that four genomic regions (the region 1, 6, 8 and 23) held favorable pleiotropic loci and 6 candidate genes were identified. Through genotyping, 14 elite accessions carrying the favorable loci on four pleiotropic regions were identified. These favorable pleiotropic loci and elite genotypes identified in this study will be utilized to improve the yield and fiber quality simultaneously in future cotton breeding.
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- 2021
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7. Epidemiological Trends of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Sierra Leone From March 2020 to October 2021
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Zhiguo Liu, Liping Gao, Chuizhao Xue, Chunchun Zhao, Tiezhu Liu, Alie Tia, Lili Wang, Junling Sun, Zhenjun Li, and Doris Harding
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epidemiological trends ,COVID-19 ,positivity rate ,three waves ,geographic distribution ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a serious public health challenge the world over, has led to significant health concerns in Sierra Leone. In the present study, epidemic indices, such as the number of cases, positivity rate, reproduction rate (R0), case fatality rate (CFR), age, and sex, were used to characterize the epidemiological trends of COVID-19. As of October 31, 2021, a total of 6,398 cases and 121 related deaths had been confirmed. The total number of COVID-19 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests conducted to October 31, 2021, was 249,534, and the average positivity rate was 2.56%. Three waves of COVID-19 were recorded, occurring during weeks 15–46 in 2020 (2,369 cases), week 47 in 2020 to week 16 in 2021 (1,665 cases), and weeks 17–43 in 2021 (2,364 cases), respectively. Remarkably, there was no increase in the numbers of confirmed COVID-19 cases despite rising test numbers throughout the three waves. Moreover, three high R0 values were observed before each wave. The number of positive cases significantly correlated with positive numbers of international arrivals (P < 0.01), deaths (P < 0.01), and the positivity rate of tested samples (P < 0.01). Moreover, all of the deaths occurred during the peak of the three waves. Our results indicate that there was a low level of COVID-19 epidemic in Sierra Leone and that COVID-19's introduction led to local transmission. It is vital to fight against the spread of SARS-CoV-2 from the source of origin by strengthening testing and management of people entering the country. Our findings will provide important clues for expanding sample screening and will contribute to the reasonable allocation of medical resources.
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- 2022
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8. Epidemiologic Changes of Scrub Typhus in China, 1952–2016
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Zhongjie Li, Hualei Xin, Junling Sun, Shengjie Lai, Lingjia Zeng, Canjun Zheng, Sarah E. Ray, Nicole Davis Weaver, Liping Wang, Jianxing Yu, Zijian Feng, Simon I. Hay, and George F. Gao
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scrub typhus ,incidence ,trends ,seasons ,China ,surveillance ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Scrub typhus, a miteborne rickettsiosis, has emerged in many areas globally. We analyzed the incidence and spatial–temporal distribution of scrub typhus in China during 1952–1989 and 2006–2016 using national disease surveillance data. A total of 133,623 cases and 174 deaths were recorded. The average annual incidence was 0.13 cases/100,000 population during 1952–1989; incidence increased sharply from 0.09/100,000 population in 2006 to 1.60/100,000 population in 2016. The disease, historically endemic to southern China, has expanded to all the provinces across both rural and urban areas. We identified 3 distinct seasonal patterns nationwide; infections peaked in summer in the southwest, summer-autumn in the southeast, and autumn in the middle-east. Persons >40 years of age and in nonfarming occupations had a higher risk for death. The changing epidemiology of scrub typhus in China warrants an enhanced disease control and prevention program.
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- 2020
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9. Blow-up analysis for two kinds of nonlinear wave equations
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Hengyan Li, Junling Sun, and Xin Zhao
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Wave equation ,Blow up ,Lifespan ,Analysis ,QA299.6-433 - Abstract
Abstract In this paper, we discuss the blow-up and lifespan phenomenon for the following wave equation with variable coefficient: u t t ( t , x ) − div ( a ( x ) grad u ( t , x ) ) = f ( u , D u , D x D u ) , x ∈ R n , t > 0 , $$ u_{tt}(t,x)-\mathbf{div}\bigl(a(x)\mathbf{grad}u(t,x) \bigr)=f(u,Du,D_{x}Du), \quad x \in \mathbf{R}^{n}, t>0, $$ with small initial data, where a ( x ) > 0 $a(x)>0$ , D u = ( u x 0 , u x 1 , … , u x n ) $Du=(u_{x_{0}},u_{x_{1}},\ldots ,u_{x_{n}})$ and D x D u = ( u x k x l , k , l = 0 , 1 , … , n , k + l ≥ 1 ) $D_{x}Du=(u_{x_{k}x_{l}}, k,l=0,1,\ldots ,n, k+l\geq 1)$ . Then we find a new phenomenon. The Cauchy problem u t t ( t , x ) − △ u ( t , x ) = u ( t , x ) e u ( t , x ) 2 , x ∈ R 2 , t > 0 , $$ u_{tt}(t,x)-\triangle u(t,x)=u(t,x)e^{u(t,x)^{2}}, \quad x\in \mathbf{R}^{2}, t>0, $$ is globally well-posed for small initial data, while for the combined nonlinearities u t t ( t , x ) − △ u ( t , x ) = u ( t , x ) ( e u ( t , x ) 2 + e u t ( t , x ) 2 ) , x ∈ R 2 , t > 0 $$ u_{tt}(t,x)-\triangle u(t,x)=u(t,x) \bigl(e^{u(t,x)^{2}}+e^{u_{t}(t,x)^{2}} \bigr), \quad x \in \mathbf{R}^{2}, t>0 $$ with small initial data will blow up in finite time. Moreover, we obtain the lifespan results for the above problems.
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- 2020
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10. GWAS Mediated Elucidation of Heterosis for Metric Traits in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Across Multiple Environments
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Zareen Sarfraz, Muhammad Shahid Iqbal, Xiaoli Geng, Muhammad Sajid Iqbal, Mian Faisal Nazir, Haris Ahmed, Shoupu He, Yinhua Jia, Zhaoe Pan, Gaofei Sun, Saghir Ahmad, Qinglian Wang, Hongde Qin, Jinhai Liu, Hui Liu, Jun Yang, Zhiying Ma, Dongyong Xu, Jinlong Yang, Jinbiao Zhang, Zhikun Li, Zhongmin Cai, Xuelin Zhang, Xin Zhang, Aifen Huang, Xianda Yi, Guanyin Zhou, Lin Li, Haiyong Zhu, Baoyin Pang, Liru Wang, Junling Sun, and Xiongming Du
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GWAS ,heterosis ,F1 hybrid ,hQTNs ,multiple environments ,upland cotton ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
For about a century, plant breeding has widely exploited the heterosis phenomenon–often considered as hybrid vigor–to increase agricultural productivity. The ensuing F1 hybrids can substantially outperform their progenitors due to heterozygous combinations that mitigate deleterious mutations occurring in each genome. However, only fragmented knowledge is available concerning the underlying genes and processes that foster heterosis. Although cotton is among the highly valued crops, its improvement programs that involve the exploitation of heterosis are still limited in terms of significant accomplishments to make it broadly applicable in different agro-ecological zones. Here, F1 hybrids were derived from mating a diverse Upland Cotton germplasm with commercially valuable cultivars in the Line × Tester fashion and evaluated across multiple environments for 10 measurable traits. These traits were dissected into five different heterosis types and specific combining ability (SCA). Subsequent genome-wide predictions along-with association analyses uncovered a set of 298 highly significant key single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)/Quantitative Trait Nucleotides (QTNs) and 271 heterotic Quantitative Trait Nucleotides (hQTNs) related to agronomic and fiber quality traits. The integration of a genome wide association study with RNA-sequence analysis yielded 275 candidate genes in the vicinity of key SNPs/QTNs. Fiber micronaire (MIC) and lint percentage (LP) had the maximum number of associated genes, i.e., each with 45 related to QTNs/hQTNs. A total of 54 putative candidate genes were identified in association with HETEROSIS of quoted traits. The novel players in the heterosis mechanism highlighted in this study may prove to be scientifically and biologically important for cotton biologists, and for those breeders engaged in cotton fiber and yield improvement programs.
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- 2021
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11. An investigation of Human Clonorchiasis prevalence in an Endemic County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, 2016
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Hualei Xin, Yichao Yang, Zhihua Jiang, Menbao Qian, Yingdan Chen, Shizhu Li, Benjamin J. Cowling, Junling Sun, and Zhongjie Li
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Clonorchiasis ,Prevalence ,Epidemiology ,China ,Hengxian ,Raw fish ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
To effectively promote the implementation of interventions, the identification of high-risk groups and the characteristics of Clonorchis sinensis infection in endemic regions are needed. In a clonorchiasis-endemic area, local residents were randomly enrolled for helminth egg examination in June 2016. The prevalence in subpopulations as well as the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours and the factors influencing clonorchiasis in egg-positive populations were analysed. A total of 2282 local residents participated in the survey; the C. sinensis prevalence was 48.6% (1109 persons). A higher prevalence was found in males (62.6%) than in females (29.7%). People older than 30 years had the highest prevalence (52.7%–57.6%). Among the 888 persons who were infected with C. sinensis and participated the questionnaire investigation, 19.0% (169/888) knew that it could cause cancer. In addition, 60.6% of people reported that they intended to keep eating raw fish despite knowing the risk of infection. The two primary reasons for continuing to eat raw fish were the disease being regarded as not serious (38.3%) and the belief that anti-parasite medications are effective (39.6%). A total of 94.4% (797/844) of responders reported eating raw fish more frequently in the home than outside of the home. Our study revealed a notably high C. sinensis prevalence in the study area. Awareness of clonorchiasis disease severity should be increased among high-risk individuals and families in highly endemic areas.
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- 2021
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12. Identifying favorable alleles for improving key agronomic traits in upland cotton
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Panhong Dai, Yuchen Miao, Shoupu He, Zhaoe Pan, Yinhua Jia, Yingfan Cai, Junling Sun, Liru Wang, Baoyin Pang, Mi Wang, and Xiongming Du
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Upland cotton ,Yield and fiber quality ,Simple sequence repeats ,Genome wide association study ,Favorable alleles ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Abstract Background Gossypium hirsutum L. is grown worldwide and is the largest source of natural fiber crop. We focus on exploring the favorable alleles (FAs) for upland cotton varieties improvement, and further understanding the history of accessions selection and acumination of favorable allele during breeding. Results The genetic basis of phenotypic variation has been studied. But the accumulation of favorable alleles in cotton breeding history in unknown, and potential favorable alleles to enhance key agronomic traits in the future cotton varieties have not yet been identified. Therefore, 419 upland cotton accessions were screened, representing a diversity of phenotypic variations of 7362 G. hirsutum, and 15 major traits were investigated in 6 environments. These accessions were categorized into 3 periods (early, medium, and modern) according to breeding history. All accessions were divided into two major groups using 299 polymorphic microsatellite markers: G1 (high fiber yield and quality, late maturity) and G2 (low fiber yield and quality, early maturity). The proportion of G1 genotype gradually increased from early to modern breeding periods. Furthermore, 21 markers (71 alleles) were significantly associated (−log P > 4) with 15 agronomic traits in multiple environments. Seventeen alleles were identified as FAs; these alleles accumulated more in the modern period than in other periods, consistent with their phenotypic variation trends in breeding history. Our results demonstrate that the favorable alleles accumulated through breeding effects, especially for common favorable alleles. However, the potential elite accessions could be rapidly screened by rare favorable alleles. Conclusion In our study, genetic variation and genome-wide associations for 419 upland cotton accessions were analyzed. Two favorable allele types were identified during three breeding periods, providing important information for yield/quality improvement of upland cotton germplasm.
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- 2019
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13. Changing epidemiology and challenges of malaria in China towards elimination
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Shengjie Lai, Junling Sun, Nick W. Ruktanonchai, Sheng Zhou, Jianxing Yu, Isobel Routledge, Liping Wang, Yaming Zheng, Andrew J. Tatem, and Zhongjie Li
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Malaria ,Epidemiology ,Elimination ,Importation ,China ,Africa ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Historically, malaria had been a widespread disease in China. A national plan was launched in China in 2010, aiming to eliminate malaria by 2020. In 2017, no indigenous cases of malaria were detected in China for the first time. To provide evidence for precise surveillance and response to achieve elimination goal, a comprehensive study is needed to determine the changing epidemiology of malaria and the challenges towards elimination. Methods Using malaria surveillance data from 2011 to 2016, an integrated series of analyses was conducted to elucidate the changing epidemiological features of autochthonous and imported malaria, and the spatiotemporal patterns of malaria importation from endemic countries. Results From 2011 to 2016, a total of 21,062 malaria cases with 138 deaths were reported, including 91% were imported and 9% were autochthonous. The geographic distribution of local transmission have shrunk dramatically, but there were still more than 10 counties reporting autochthonous cases in 2013–2016, particularly in counties bordering with countries in South-East Asia. The importation from 68 origins countries had an increasing annual trend from Africa but decreasing importation from Southeast Asia. Four distinct communities have been identified in the importation networks with the destinations in China varied by origin and species. Conclusions China is on the verge of malaria elimination, but the residual transmission in border regions and the threats of importation from Africa and Southeast Asia are the key challenges to achieve and maintain malaria elimination. Efforts from China are also needed to help malaria control in origin countries and reduce the risk of introduced transmission.
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- 2019
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14. Recent Advances in Sensors for Fire Detection
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Fawad Khan, Zhiguang Xu, Junling Sun, Fazal Maula Khan, Adnan Ahmed, and Yan Zhao
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fire detection ,sensor ,heat ,flame ,gas ,smoke ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Fire is indeed one of the major contributing factors to fatalities, property damage, and economic disruption. A large number of fire incidents across the world cause devastation beyond measure and description every year. To minimalize their impacts, the implementation of innovative and effective fire early warning technologies is essential. Despite the fact that research publications on fire detection technology have addressed the issue to some extent, fire detection technology still confronts hurdles in decreasing false alerts, improving sensitivity and dynamic responsibility, and providing protection for costly and complicated installations. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current futuristic practices in the context of fire detection and monitoring strategies, with an emphasis on the methods of detecting fire through the continuous monitoring of variables, such as temperature, flame, gaseous content, and smoke, along with their respective benefits and drawbacks, measuring standards, and parameter measurement spans. Current research directions and challenges related to the technology of fire detection and future perspectives on fabricating advanced fire sensors are also provided. We hope such a review can provide inspiration for fire sensor research dedicated to the development of advanced fire detection techniques.
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- 2022
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15. Integration of conventional and advanced molecular tools to track footprints of heterosis in cotton
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Zareen Sarfraz, Muhammad Shahid Iqbal, Zhaoe Pan, Yinhua Jia, Shoupu He, Qinglian Wang, Hongde Qin, Jinhai Liu, Hui Liu, Jun Yang, Zhiying Ma, Dongyong Xu, Jinlong Yang, Jinbiao Zhang, Wenfang Gong, Xiaoli Geng, Zhikun Li, Zhongmin Cai, Xuelin Zhang, Xin Zhang, Aifen Huang, Xianda Yi, Guanyin Zhou, Lin Li, Haiyong Zhu, Yujie Qu, Baoyin Pang, Liru Wang, Muhammad Sajid Iqbal, Muhammad Jamshed, Junling Sun, and Xiongming Du
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Heterosis ,L × T ,GCA ,SCA ,Microsatellite markers ,hQTL ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Heterosis, a multigenic complex trait extrapolated as sum total of many phenotypic features, is widely utilized phenomenon in agricultural crops for about a century. It is mainly focused on establishing vigorous cultivars with the fact that its deployment in crops necessitates the perspective of genomic impressions on prior selection for metric traits. In spite of extensive investigations, the actual mysterious genetic basis of heterosis is yet to unravel. Contemporary crop breeding is aimed at enhanced crop production overcoming former achievements. Leading cotton improvement programs remained handicapped to attain significant accomplishments. Results In mentioned context, a comprehensive project was designed involving a large collection of cotton accessions including 284 lines, 5 testers along with their respective F1 hybrids derived from Line × Tester mating design were evaluated under 10 diverse environments. Heterosis, GCA and SCA were estimated from morphological and fiber quality traits by L × T analysis. For the exploration of elite marker alleles related to heterosis and to provide the material carrying such multiple alleles the mentioned three dependent variables along with trait phenotype values were executed for association study aided by microsatellites in mixed linear model based on population structure and linkage disequilibrium analysis. Highly significant 46 microsatellites were discovered in association with the fiber and yield related traits under study. It was observed that two-thirds of the highly significant associated microsatellites related to fiber quality were distributed on D sub-genome, including some with pleiotropic effect. Newly discovered 32 hQTLs related to fiber quality traits are one of prominent findings from current study. A set of 96 exclusively favorable alleles were discovered and C tester (A971Bt) posited a major contributor of these alleles primarily associated with fiber quality. Conclusions Hence, to uncover hidden facts lying within heterosis phenomenon, discovery of additional hQTLs is required to improve fibre quality. To grab prominent improvement in influenced fiber quality and yield traits, we suggest the A971 Bt cotton cultivar as fundamental element in advance breeding programs as a parent of choice.
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- 2018
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16. Risk mapping of scrub typhus infections in Qingdao city, China.
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Hualei Xin, Peng Fu, Junling Sun, Shengjie Lai, Wenbiao Hu, Archie C A Clements, Jianping Sun, Jing Cui, Simon I Hay, Xiaojing Li, and Zhongjie Li
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundThe emergence and re-emergence of scrub typhus has been reported in the past decade in many global regions. In this study, we aim to identify potential scrub typhus infection risk zones with high spatial resolution in Qingdao city, in which scrub typhus is endemic, to guide local prevention and control strategies.Methodology/principal findingsScrub typhus cases in Qingdao city during 2006-2018 were retrieved from the Chinese National Infectious Diseases Reporting System. We divided Qingdao city into 1,101 gridded squares and classified them into two categories: areas with and without recorded scrub typhus cases. A boosted regression tree model was used to explore environmental and socioeconomic covariates associated with scrub typhus occurrence and predict the risk of scrub typhus infection across the whole area of Qingdao city. A total of 989 scrub typhus cases were reported in Qingdao from 2006-2018, with most cases located in rural and suburban areas. The predicted risk map generated by the boosted regression tree models indicated that the highest infection risk areas were mainly concentrated in the mid-east and northeast regions of Qingdao, with gross domestic product (20.9%±1.8% standard error) and annual cumulative precipitation (20.3%±1.1%) contributing the most to the variation in the models. By using a threshold environmental suitability value of 0.26, we identified 757 squares (68.7% of the total) with a favourable environment for scrub typhus infection; 66.2% (501/757) of the squares had not yet recorded cases. It is estimated that 6.32 million people (72.5% of the total population) reside in areas with a high risk of scrub typhus infection.Conclusions/significanceMany locations in Qingdao city with no recorded scrub typhus cases were identified as being at risk for scrub typhus occurrence. In these at-risk areas, awareness and capacity for case diagnosis and treatment should be enhanced in the local medical service institutes.
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- 2020
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17. High endemicity of Clonorchis sinensis infection in Binyang County, southern China.
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Junling Sun, Hualei Xin, Zhihua Jiang, Menbao Qian, Kaixia Duan, Yingdan Chen, Shizhu Li, Wei Li, Shiyong Huang, Xiaoqin Gan, Yichao Yang, and Zhongjie Li
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
High-intensity clonorchiasis infection is associated with serious outcomes, including cancer. Understanding the infection intensity of Clonorchis sinensis and its risk factors in local endemic regions could facilitate effective control measures. In a county located in a highly endemic area in Guangxi Province, P. R. China, local residents were randomly enrolled in the study; helminth egg examinations were performed with the Kato-Katz method, and the intensity of infection was identified as mild, moderate or heavy. Knowledge, attitudes, and high-risk behaviours were investigated among those infected with Clonorchis sinensis. A total of 2521 local residents participated in this study, and the Clonorchis sinensis-positive proportion was 28.9% (728 persons). Among the infected persons, the percentages of mild, moderate and heavy infections were 66.2%, 28.4% and 5.4%, respectively. Males experienced a higher proportion of moderate and heavy infections (37.5%) than females (18.1%) (p50 times in the last year (aOR = 2.89, 95%CI: 1.20-7.50) were risk factors for high-intensity infections (moderate and heavy). The overall infection proportion was high in the study area, with a large group of residents experiencing high-intensity infections. High frequency of raw fish consumption was associated with high-intensity infections. Intervention strategies targeting people with a high frequency of raw fish consumption should be implemented to reduce the probability of severe consequences.
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- 2020
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18. Introgression Leads to Genomic Divergence and Responsible for Important Traits in Upland Cotton
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Shoupu He, Pengpeng Wang, Yuan-Ming Zhang, Panhong Dai, Mian Faisal Nazir, Yinhua Jia, Zhen Peng, Zhaoe Pan, Junling Sun, Liru Wang, Gaofei Sun, and Xiongming Du
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Upland cotton ,interspecific hybridization ,introgression ,genomic divergence ,maturity ,fiber quality ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of germplasms is essential when selecting parents for crop breeding. The genomic changes that occurred during the domestication and improvement of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) remains poorly understood. Besides, the available genetic resources from cotton cultivars are limited. By applying restriction site-associated DNA marker sequencing (RAD-seq) technology to 582 tetraploid cotton accessions, we confirmed distinct genomic regions on chromosomes A06 and A08 in Upland cotton cultivar subgroups. Based on the pedigree, reported QTLs, introgression analyses, and genome-wide association study (GWAS), we suggest that these divergent regions might have resulted from the introgression of exotic lineages of G. hirsutum landraces and their wild relatives. These regions were the typical genomic signatures that might be responsible for maturity and fiber quality on chromosome A06 and chromosome A08, respectively. Moreover, these genomic regions are located in the putative pericentromeric regions, implying that their application will be challenging. In the study, based on high-density SNP markers, we reported two genomic signatures on chromosomes A06 and A08, which might originate from the introgression events in the Upland cotton population. Our study provides new insights for understanding the impact of historic introgressions on population divergence and important agronomic traits of modern Upland cotton cultivars.
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- 2020
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19. Dissection of complicate genetic architecture and breeding perspective of cottonseed traits by genome-wide association study
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Xiongming Du, Shouye Liu, Junling Sun, Gengyun Zhang, Yinhua Jia, Zhaoe Pan, Haitao Xiang, Shoupu He, Qiuju Xia, Songhua Xiao, Weijun Shi, Zhiwu Quan, Jianguang Liu, Jun Ma, Baoyin Pang, Liru Wang, Gaofei Sun, Wenfang Gong, Johnie N. Jenkins, Xiangyang Lou, Jun Zhu, and Haiming Xu
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Complex traits ,Cottonseed traits ,Association mapping ,GWAS ,Gene by environment interaction ,Epistasis ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Cottonseed is one of the most important raw materials for plant protein, oil and alternative biofuel for diesel engines. Understanding the complex genetic basis of cottonseed traits is requisite for achieving efficient genetic improvement of the traits. However, it is not yet clear about their genetic architecture in genomic level. GWAS has been an effective way to explore genetic basis of quantitative traits in human and many crops. This study aims to dissect genetic mechanism seven cottonseed traits by a GWAS for genetic improvement. Results A genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on a full gene model with gene effects as fixed and gene-environment interaction as random, was conducted for protein, oil and 5 fatty acids using 316 accessions and ~ 390 K SNPs. Totally, 124 significant quantitative trait SNPs (QTSs), consisting of 16, 21, 87 for protein, oil and fatty acids (palmitic, linoleic, oleic, myristic, stearic), respectively, were identified and the broad-sense heritability was estimated from 71.62 to 93.43%; no QTS-environment interaction was detected for the protein, the palmitic and the oleic contents; the protein content was predominantly controlled by epistatic effects accounting for 65.18% of the total variation, but the oil content and the fatty acids except the palmitic were mainly determined by gene main effects and no epistasis was detected for the myristic and the stearic. Prediction of superior pure line and hybrid revealed the potential of the QTSs in the improvement of cottonseed traits, and the hybrid could achieve higher or lower genetic values compared with pure lines. Conclusions This study revealed complex genetic architecture of seven cottonseed traits at whole genome-wide by mixed linear model approach; the identified genetic variants and estimated genetic component effects of gene, gene-gene and gene-environment interaction provide cotton geneticist or breeders new knowledge on the genetic mechanism of the traits and the potential molecular breeding design strategy.
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- 2018
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20. G-STC-M Spatio-Temporal Analysis Method for Archaeological Sites
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Jing Cui, Yanrong Liu, Junling Sun, Di Hu, and Handong He
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Archaeological Sites ,G-STC-M ,spatio-temporal analysis ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
Based on the significant hotspots analysis method (Getis-Ord Gi* significance statistics), space-time cube model (STC) and the Mann–Kendall trend test method, this paper proposes a G-STC-M spatio-temporal analysis method based on Archaeological Sites. This method can integrate spatio-temporal data variable analysis and the space-time cube model to explore the spatio-temporal distribution of Archaeological Sites. The G-STC-M method was used to conduct time slice analysis on the data of Archaeological Sites in the study area, and the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of Archaeological Sites in East China from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty were discussed. The distribution of Archaeological Sites has temporal hotspots and spatial hotspots. Temporally, the distribution of Archaeological Sites showed a gradual increasing trend, and the number of Archaeological Sites reached the maximum in the Qing Dynasty. Spatially, the hotspots of Archaeological Sites are mainly distributed in Jiangsu (30°~33° N, 118°~121° E) and Anhui (29°~31° N, 117°~119° E) and the central region of Zhejiang (28°~31° N, 118°~121° E). Temporally and spatially, the distribution of Archaeological Sites is mainly centered in Shanghai (30°~32° N, 121°~122° E), spreading to the southern region.
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- 2021
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21. The changing epidemiology of bacillary dysentery and characteristics of antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolated in China from 2004–2014
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Zhaorui Chang, Jing Zhang, Lu Ran, Junling Sun, Fengfeng Liu, Li Luo, Lingjia Zeng, Liping Wang, Zhongjie Li, Hongjie Yu, and Qiaohong Liao
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Epidemiology ,Bacillary dysentery ,Resistance ,Shigella ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Bacillary dysentery caused by bacteria of the genus Shigella is a significant public health problem in developing countries such as China. The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological pattern of bacillary dysentery, the diversity of the causative agent, and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella spp. for the purpose of determining the most effective allocation of resources and prioritization of interventions. Methods Surveillance data were acquired from the National Infectious Disease Information Reporting System (2004–2014) and from the sentinel hospital-based surveillance system (2005–2014). We analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of bacillary dysentery, age and sex distribution, species diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella spp. Results The surveillance registry included over 3 million probable cases of bacillary dysentery during the period 2004–2014. The annual incidence rate of bacillary dysentery decreased from 38.03 cases per 100,000 person-years in 2004 to 11.24 cases per 100,000 person-years in 2014. The case-fatality rate decreased from 0.028% in 2004 to 0.003% in 2014. Children aged
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- 2016
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22. Oligorotaxane Radicals under Orders
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Yuping Wang, Marco Frasconi, Wei-Guang Liu, Junling Sun, Yilei Wu, Majed S. Nassar, Youssry Y. Botros, Michael R. Wasielewski, and J. Fraser Stoddart
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Published
- 2016
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23. iTRAQ-Based Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Seedling Leaves of Two Upland Cotton Genotypes Differing in Salt Tolerance
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Wenfang Gong, Feifei Xu, Junling Sun, Zhen Peng, Shoupu He, Zhaoe Pan, and Xiongming Du
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cotton ,short-term salt stress ,salt tolerance ,proteome ,iTRAQ ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Cotton yields are greatly reduced under high salinity stress conditions, although cotton is considered a moderately salt-tolerant crop. Understanding at the molecular level how cotton responds to salt stress will help in developing salt tolerant varieties. Here, we combined physiological analysis with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomics of seedling leaves of 2 genotypes differing in salinity tolerance to 200 mM (18.3 dS/m) NaCl stress. Salt stress produced significant stress symptoms in the sensitive genotype Nan Dan Ba Di Da Hua (N), including lower relative water and chlorophyll contents and higher relative electrolyte leakage and Na+/K+ ratio in leaf samples, compared with those in the tolerant genotype Earlistaple 7 (Z). A total of 58 differentially abundant salt-responsive proteins were identified. Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD)-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 3 and protochlorophyllide reductase were markedly suppressed after salt treatment, whereas the phosphate-related differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase 1 and 14-3-3-like protein E were induced, and all these proteins may play significant roles in salt stress. Twenty-nine salt-responsive proteins were also genotype specific, and 62.1 and 27.6% of these were related to chloroplast and defense responses, respectively. Based on the Arabidopsis thaliana protein interaction database, orthologs of 25 proteins showed interactions in Arabidopsis, and among these, a calmodulin protein was predicted to have 212 functional partners. In addition, the Golgi apparatus and calcium may be important for salt secretion in cotton. Through integrative proteome and transcriptome analysis, 16 DAPs were matched to differentially expressed genes and verified using qRT-PCR. On the basis of these findings, we proposed that some proteins related to chloroplast, ATP, ribosomal, and phosphate metabolism as well as to the Golgi apparatus and calcium may play key roles in the short-term salt stress response of cotton seedling leaves.
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- 2017
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24. Malaria Imported from Ghana by Returning Gold Miners, China, 2013
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Qiao Sun, Yichao Yang, Ning Xiao, Sheng Zhou, Kangming Lin, Duoquan Wang, Qian Zhang, Weikang Jiang, Mei Li, Xinyu Feng, Jianxin Yu, Xiang Ren, Shengjie Lai, Junling Sun, Zhongliao Fang, Wenbiao Hu, Archie C.A. Clements, Xiaonong Zhou, Sheng Wei, and Weizhong Yang
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imported malaria ,disease outbreak ,China ,epidemiology ,Ghana ,parasites ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
During May-August 2013, a malaria outbreak comprising 874 persons in Shanglin County, China, was detected among 4,052 persons returning from overseas. Ghana was the predominant destination country, and 92.3% of malarial infections occurred in gold miners. Preventive measures should be enhanced for persons in high-risk occupations traveling to malaria-endemic countries.
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- 2015
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25. Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in China: Modeling Epidemic Dynamics of Enterovirus Serotypes and Implications for Vaccination.
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Saki Takahashi, Qiaohong Liao, Thomas P Van Boeckel, Weijia Xing, Junling Sun, Victor Y Hsiao, C Jessica E Metcalf, Zhaorui Chang, Fengfeng Liu, Jing Zhang, Joseph T Wu, Benjamin J Cowling, Gabriel M Leung, Jeremy J Farrar, H Rogier van Doorn, Bryan T Grenfell, and Hongjie Yu
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Medicine - Abstract
BackgroundHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood illness caused by serotypes of the Enterovirus A species in the genus Enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family. The disease has had a substantial burden throughout East and Southeast Asia over the past 15 y. China reported 9 million cases of HFMD between 2008 and 2013, with the two serotypes Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) being responsible for the majority of these cases. Three recent phase 3 clinical trials showed that inactivated monovalent EV-A71 vaccines manufactured in China were highly efficacious against HFMD associated with EV-A71, but offered no protection against HFMD caused by CV-A16. To better inform vaccination policy, we used mathematical models to evaluate the effect of prospective vaccination against EV-A71-associated HFMD and the potential risk of serotype replacement by CV-A16. We also extended the model to address the co-circulation, and implications for vaccination, of additional non-EV-A71, non-CV-A16 serotypes of enterovirus.Methods and findingsWeekly reports of HFMD incidence from 31 provinces in Mainland China from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2013 were used to fit multi-serotype time series susceptible-infected-recovered (TSIR) epidemic models. We obtained good model fit for the two-serotype TSIR with cross-protection, capturing the seasonality and geographic heterogeneity of province-level transmission, with strong correlation between the observed and simulated epidemic series. The national estimate of the basic reproduction number, R0, weighted by provincial population size, was 26.63 for EV-A71 (interquartile range [IQR]: 23.14, 30.40) and 27.13 for CV-A16 (IQR: 23.15, 31.34), with considerable variation between provinces (however, predictions about the overall impact of vaccination were robust to this variation). EV-A71 incidence was projected to decrease monotonically with higher coverage rates of EV-A71 vaccination. Across provinces, CV-A16 incidence in the post-EV-A71-vaccination period remained either comparable to or only slightly increased from levels prior to vaccination. The duration and strength of cross-protection following infection with EV-A71 or CV-A16 was estimated to be 9.95 wk (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.31, 23.40) in 68% of the population (95% CI: 37%, 96%). Our predictions are limited by the necessarily short and under-sampled time series and the possible circulation of unidentified serotypes, but, nonetheless, sensitivity analyses indicate that our results are robust in predicting that the vaccine should drastically reduce incidence of EV-A71 without a substantial competitive release of CV-A16.ConclusionsThe ability of our models to capture the observed epidemic cycles suggests that herd immunity is driving the epidemic dynamics caused by the multiple serotypes of enterovirus. Our results predict that the EV-A71 and CV-A16 serotypes provide a temporary immunizing effect against each other. Achieving high coverage rates of EV-A71 vaccination would be necessary to eliminate the ongoing transmission of EV-A71, but serotype replacement by CV-A16 following EV-A71 vaccination is likely to be transient and minor compared to the corresponding reduction in the burden of EV-A71-associated HFMD. Therefore, a mass EV-A71 vaccination program of infants and young children should provide significant benefits in terms of a reduction in overall HFMD burden.
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- 2016
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26. The Negative Correlation between Fiber Color and Quality Traits Revealed by QTL Analysis.
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Hongjie Feng, Lixue Guo, Gaskin Wang, Junling Sun, Zhaoe Pan, Shoupu He, Heqin Zhu, Jie Sun, and Xiongming Du
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Naturally existing colored cotton was far from perfection due to having genetic factors for lower yield, poor fiber quality and monotonous color. These factors posed a challenge to colored cotton breeding and innovation. To identify novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fiber color along with understanding of correlation between fiber color and quality in colored cotton, a RIL and two F2 populations were generated from crosses among Zong128 (Brown fiber cotton) and two white fiber cotton lines which were then analyzed in four environments. Two stable and major QTLs (qLC-7-1, qFC-7-1) for fiber lint and fuzz color were detected accounting for 16.01%-59.85% of the phenotypic variation across multiple generations and environments. Meanwhile, some minor QTLs were also identified on chromosomes 5, 14, 21 and 24 providing low phenotypic variation (
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- 2015
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27. Comparison of the transcriptome between two cotton lines of different fiber color and quality.
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Wenfang Gong, Shoupu He, Jiahuan Tian, Junling Sun, Zhaoe Pan, Yinhua Jia, Gaofei Sun, and Xiongming Du
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
To understand the mechanism of fiber development and pigmentation formation, the mRNAs of two cotton lines were sequenced: line Z128 (light brown fiber) was a selected mutant from line Z263 (dark brown fiber). The primary walls of the fiber cell in both Z263 and Z128 contain pigments; more pigments were laid in the lumen of the fiber cell in Z263 compared with that in Z128. However, Z263 contained less cellulose than Z128. A total of 71,895 unigenes were generated: 13,278 (20.26%) unigenes were defined as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing the library of Z128 with that of Z263; 5,345 (8.16%) unigenes were up-regulated and 7,933 (12.10%) unigenes were down-regulated. qRT-PCR and comparative transcriptional analysis demonstrated that the pigmentation formation in brown cotton fiber was possibly the consequence of an interaction between oxidized tannins and glycosylated anthocyanins. Furthermore, our results showed the pigmentation related genes not only regulated the fiber color but also influenced the fiber quality at the fiber elongation stage (10 DPA). The highly expressed flavonoid gene in the fiber elongation stage could be related to the fiber quality. DEGs analyses also revealed that transcript levels of some fiber development genes (Ca(2+)/CaM, reactive oxygen, ethylene and sucrose phosphate synthase) varied dramatically between these two cotton lines.
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- 2014
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28. Association mapping for epistasis and environmental interaction of yield traits in 323 cotton cultivars under 9 different environments.
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Yinhua Jia, Xiwei Sun, Junling Sun, Zhaoe Pan, Xiwen Wang, Shoupu He, Songhua Xiao, Weijun Shi, Zhongli Zhou, Baoyin Pang, Liru Wang, Jianguang Liu, Jun Ma, Xiongming Du, and Jun Zhu
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Improving yield is a major objective for cotton breeding schemes, and lint yield and its three component traits (boll number, boll weight and lint percentage) are complex traits controlled by multiple genes and various environments. Association mapping was performed to detect markers associated with these four traits using 651 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A mixed linear model including epistasis and environmental interaction was used to screen the loci associated with these four yield traits by 323 accessions of Gossypium hirsutum L. evaluated in nine different environments. 251 significant loci were detected to be associated with lint yield and its three components, including 69 loci with individual effects and all involved in epistasis interactions. These significant loci explain ∼ 62.05% of the phenotypic variance (ranging from 49.06% ∼ 72.29% for these four traits). It was indicated by high contribution of environmental interaction to the phenotypic variance for lint yield and boll numbers, that genetic effects of SSR loci were susceptible to environment factors. Shared loci were also observed among these four traits, which may be used for simultaneous improvement in cotton breeding for yield traits. Furthermore, consistent and elite loci were screened with -Log10 (P-value) >8.0 based on predicted effects of loci detected in different environments. There was one locus and 6 pairs of epistasis for lint yield, 4 loci and 10 epistasis for boll number, 15 loci and 2 epistasis for boll weight, and 2 loci and 5 epistasis for lint percentage, respectively. These results provided insights into the genetic basis of lint yield and its components and may be useful for marker-assisted breeding to improve cotton production.
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- 2014
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29. Complex-Coefficient Microwave Photonic Filter Based on Orthogonally Polarized Optical Single-Sideband Modulation.
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Jinwang Qian, Junling Sun, Pengge Ma, Xinlu Gao, and Shanguo Huang
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- 2021
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30. A Background Refinement Collaborative Representation Method with Saliency Weight for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection.
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Zengfu Hou, Wei Li 0032, Lianru Gao, Bing Zhang 0001, Pengge Ma, and Junling Sun
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- 2020
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31. Study on Feng Shui (Geomantic) Suitability Evaluation of Mausoleums in Nanjing City Based on GIS.
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Jing Cui, Yanrong Liu, Junling Sun, Di Hu 0002, and Handong He
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- 2021
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32. Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 to Close Contacts, China, January–February 2020
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Junling Sun, Chengzhong Xu, Aiqin Zhu, Minrui Ren, Zhili Li, Yu Li, Xiaokun Yang, H T Zhao, Xiang Ren, Ying Cheng, Zhongcheng Yang, Xin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Zhongjie Li, Luzhao Feng, Qiulan Chen, Jianxing Yu, George F. Gao, Liping Wang, Jinzhao Cui, Zhaorui Chang, Chengxi Sun, Lance Rodewald, Jianhua Liu, and Zijian Feng
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Microbiology (medical) ,China ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 to Close Contacts, China, January–February 2020 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,medicine.disease_cause ,law.invention ,law ,Medicine ,Humans ,Transmission risks and rates ,Child ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Close contact ,Coronavirus ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Research ,fungi ,COVID-19 ,Multilevel regression ,body regions ,Infectious Diseases ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Logistic Models ,Spouse ,business ,Demography - Abstract
We estimated the symptomatic, PCR-confirmed secondary attack rate (SAR) for 2,382 close contacts of 476 symptomatic persons with coronavirus disease in Yichang, Hubei Province, China, identified during January 23–February 25, 2020. The SAR among all close contacts was 6.5%; among close contacts who lived with an index case-patient, the SAR was 10.8%; among close-contact spouses of index case-patients, the SAR was 15.9%. The SAR varied by close contact age, from 3.0% for those 60 years of age. Multilevel logistic regression showed that factors significantly associated with increased SAR were living together, being a spouse, and being >60 years of age. Multilevel regression did not support SAR differing significantly by whether the most recent contact occurred before or after the index case-patient’s onset of illness (p = 0.66). The relatively high SAR for coronavirus disease suggests relatively high virus transmissibility.
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- 2021
33. A new fast adopted image matching approach with arbitrary rotation.
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Guangmin Sun, Zibo Li, Yufeng Jin, Junling Sun, Kun Zheng, and Dequn Zhao
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- 2013
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34. Genome‐wide dissection of hybridization for fiber quality‐ and yield‐related traits in upland cotton
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Hui Liu, Guanyin Zhou, Zhikun Li, Zhiying Ma, Xiongming Du, Jinhai Liu, Jinlong Yang, Jun Yang, Shoupu He, Muhammad Shahid Iqbal, Dongyong Xu, Xin Zhang, Xiaoli Geng, Yujie Qu, Qinglian Wang, Jia Yinhua, Jinbiao Zhang, Liru Wang, Lin Li, Xuelin Zhang, Haiyong Zhu, Baoyin Pang, Junling Sun, Hongde Qin, Zareen Sarfraz, Zhongmin Cai, Gaofei Sun, and Zhaoe Pan
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,fiber yield ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Genome-wide association study ,Plant Science ,Quantitative trait locus ,Biology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,01 natural sciences ,DNA sequencing ,03 medical and health sciences ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,single nucleotide polymorphism ,Genetics ,Cotton Fiber ,combining ability ,Gene ,genome‐wide association study ,Genetic association ,Hybrid ,Gossypium ,Chimera ,fiber quality ,Genetic Pleiotropy ,Original Articles ,Cell Biology ,Plant Breeding ,Genetics, Population ,030104 developmental biology ,Haplotypes ,upland cotton ,Trait ,Original Article ,Genome, Plant ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
SUMMARY An evaluation of combining ability can facilitate the selection of suitable parents and superior F1 hybrids for hybrid cotton breeding, although the molecular genetic basis of combining ability has not been fully characterized. In the present study, 282 female parents were crossed with four male parents in accordance with the North Carolina II mating scheme to generate 1128 hybrids. The parental lines were genotyped based on restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing and 306 814 filtered single nucleotide polymorphisms were used for genome‐wide association analysis involving the phenotypes, general combining ability (GCA) values, and specific combining ability values of eight fiber quality‐ and yield‐related traits. The main results were: (i) all parents could be clustered into five subgroups based on population structure analyses and the GCA performance of the female parents had significant differences between subgroups; (ii) 20 accessions with a top 5% GCA value for more than one trait were identified as elite parents for hybrid cotton breeding; (iii) 120 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms, clustered into 66 quantitative trait loci, such as the previously reported Gh_A07G1769 and GhHOX3 genes, were found to be significantly associated with GCA; and (iv) identified quantitative trait loci for GCA had a cumulative effect on GCA of the accessions. Overall, our results suggest that pyramiding the favorable loci for GCA may improve the efficiency of hybrid cotton breeding., Significance Statement General and specific combining ability values are very important factors for the selection of appropriate parents and superior combinations in hybrid cotton breeding, although the molecular genetic basis has not been fully characterized. In the present study, we identified significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for general and specific combining ability in a large‐scale North Carolina II population through a genome‐wide association study. The results obtained provide new insights with respect to our understanding of the genetic factors related to combining ability.
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- 2020
35. Mega Project - Upgrading the 4th Ring Transportation Corridor in Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Gernot Komar, Junling Sun, Yong Ping He, and Wenbin Lei
- Abstract
The City of Zhengzhou is a major transportation hub in the heart of China. The fast-growing city was in need of an additional elevated expressway to increase the traffic capacity from 10 lanes to 18 lanes on the 4th Ring Transportation Corridor. The additional elevated expressway has a total length of 93 km without traffic lights and faced complex boundary conditions. The focus of this project was to increase the capacity, by reducing the impact to the current traffic flow in a very short time frame and to meet the government requirements to implement green construction technology, which called for an innovative solution. The ABC with the precast segmental bridge technology using the short-line match casting method deemed to be the only answer to fulfill the requirements from the owner and the government. Eight completely new PC yards with over 400 PC stations were designed and were ready for production within 5 months. With over 50,000 segments, this is the largest precast segmental bridge construction project in the world.
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- 2022
36. Key Technologies of Precast Segment Production for the 4th Ring Transportation Corridor in Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Junling Sun, Wenbin Lei, Yongping He, Chongju Peng, and Gernot Komar
- Abstract
The 4th Ring Transportation Corridor in Zhengzhou, Henan, China (the Project) is implemented in accordance with the design scheme of integral bridge structures and the short-line match casting method. This paper focuses on key technologies of segment precasting used in the Project, involving the design and layout of precast yards, the formwork design for precast segments and the geometry control in the precast yards as well as the application of information technology in precast yards. It can be used as references for projects related to precast segment production in the industry.
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- 2022
37. Evidence for pre‐symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in China
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Zhaorui Chang, Junling Sun, H T Zhao, Xiang Ren, Yu Li, Xiaokun Yang, Taoran Nie, Jinzhao Cui, George F. Gao, Qiulan Chen, Zhongjie Li, Shuaibing Dong, Ying Cheng, Jianxing Yu, Zhili Li, Luzhao Feng, Liping Wang, Minrui Ren, Zijian Feng, and Aiqin Zhu
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,China ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Epidemiology ,pre‐symptomatic Transmission ,law.invention ,Incubation period ,Young Adult ,Disease severity ,COVID‐19 ,law ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,Original Articles ,Middle Aged ,Confidence interval ,Infectious Diseases ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Female ,Original Article ,business ,Serial interval - Abstract
Background Between mid‐January and early February, provinces of mainland China outside the epicentre in Hubei province were on high alert for importations and transmission of COVID‐19. Many properties of COVID‐19 infection and transmission were still not yet established. Methods We collated and analysed data on 449 of the earliest COVID‐19 cases detected outside Hubei province to make inferences about transmission dynamics and severity of infection. We analysed 64 clusters to make inferences on serial interval and potential role of pre‐symptomatic transmission. Results We estimated an epidemic doubling time of 5.3 days (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.3, 6.7) and a median incubation period of 4.6 days (95% CI: 4.0, 5.2). We estimated a serial interval distribution with mean 5.7 days (95% CI: 4.7, 6.8) and standard deviation 3.5 days, and effective reproductive number was 1.98 (95% CI: 1.68, 2.35). We estimated that 32/80 (40%) of transmission events were likely to have occurred prior to symptoms onset in primary cases. Secondary cases in clusters had less severe illness on average than cluster primary cases. Conclusions The majority of transmissions are occurring around illness onset in an infected person, and pre‐symptomatic transmission does play a role. Detection of milder infections among the secondary cases may be more reflective of true disease severity.
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- 2020
38. Spatiotemporal and demographic characteristics of scrub typhus in Southwest China, 2006–2017: An analysis of population‐based surveillance data
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Hualei Xin, Liping Wang, Junling Sun, Ji-Lei Huang, Zhongjie Li, Jianxing Yu, Qiulan Chen, Shengjie Lai, Archie C. A. Clements, and Wenbiao Hu
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Adult ,Male ,China ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Population ,Scrub typhus ,Age Distribution ,Spatio-Temporal Analysis ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Cluster Analysis ,Humans ,Cumulative incidence ,Sex Distribution ,Child ,education ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,medicine.disease ,Orientia tsutsugamushi ,Geography ,Scrub Typhus ,Child, Preschool ,Population Surveillance ,Relative risk ,Female ,Seasons ,Rural area ,Demography - Abstract
Scrub typhus is a life-threatening vector-borne disease. During the past decade, the number of areas affected by this disease has expanded in many countries. In this study, we aim to identify the spatiotemporal and demographic characteristics of scrub typhus in Southwest China, an emerging endemic region for scrub typhus. Population-based surveillance data capturing scrub typhus cases in two provinces of Southwest China during 2006-2017 were retrieved. Descriptive temporal and spatial analyses were conducted and stratified by age group. The space-time scan statistic was used to identify spatiotemporal clusters of scrub typhus occurrence at the county level. During the study period, 30,001 scrub typhus cases were recorded in Southwest China, with a total of 61.0% (191/313) of counties being affected; most cases (94.3%) occurred in rural areas. The annual incidence rate increased substantially from 0.25/100,000 in 2006 to 5.38/100,000 in 2017 (>21-fold change). The 0- to 4-year-old and 45- to 64-year-old subgroups had the highest cumulative incidence rates (57.46 and 32.98/100,000, respectively). Furthermore, since 2006, the 0- to 4-year-old (slope = 0.83, p < .01) and 45-64-year-old (slope = 0.69, p < .01) age groups have had the highest increases in incidence of all age groups. The most likely spatial cluster of overall cases (relative risk = 4.13, p < .01) occurred in the southern region of Southwest China and included 41 high-risk counties. In conclusion, scrub typhus appears to be widely distributed and rapidly increasing in Southwest China. Young children and middle-aged adults were the most severely affected groups, and the disease appeared to predominantly cluster in the southern part of Southwest China. Further in-depth surveys to determine the epidemiological characteristics and driving factors of this emerging disease and to facilitate effective control programmes among high-risk groups in the affected areas should be promoted.
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- 2020
39. Amoebic Dysentery — China, 2005−2019
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Ying-Dan Chen, Junling Sun, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Zhongjie Li, Shi-Zhu Li, Ji-Lei Huang, and Men-Bao Qian
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medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,Public health ,Notifiable disease ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Annual incidence ,Entamoeba histolytica ,Preplanned Studies ,Southern china ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,Amoebic dysentery ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,business ,China ,Reporting system - Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Amebiasis is caused by infection with Entamoeba histolytica. As a severe sequence in amebiasis, amoebic dysentery is tracked by China’s National Notifiable Disease Reporting System. What is added by this report? From 2005 to 2019, a total of 28,229 cases of amoebic dysentery and 7 resulting deaths were reported in China. The annual incidence rate had significantly decreased from 0.26/100,000 in 2006 to 0.06/100,000 in 2019, and most cases were reported from southern China and in children. What are the implications for public health practice? Amoebic dysentery has significantly decreased in China. Continued efforts are expected to further control amoebic dysentery, and southern areas and children should be high priority groups.
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- 2020
40. Favorable pleiotropic loci for fiber yield and quality in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
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Pan Zhaoe, Xiongming Du, Junling Sun, Shoupu He, Liru Wang, Zhen Peng, Gaofei Sun, Jia Yinhua, Pang Baoyin, Pengpeng Wang, Xiaoli Geng, and Gong Wenfang
- Subjects
Genetics ,Candidate gene ,Linkage disequilibrium ,Multidisciplinary ,Science ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Genome-wide association study ,Biology ,Genome ,Article ,DNA sequencing ,Computational biology and bioinformatics ,Genotype ,Medicine ,Plant sciences ,Genotyping - Abstract
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important economic crop for renewable textile fibers. However, the simultaneous improvement of yield and fiber quality in cotton is difficult as the linkage drag. Compared with breaking the linkage drag, identification of the favorable pleiotropic loci on the genome level by genome-wide association study (GWAS) provides a new way to improve the yield and fiber quality simultaneously. In our study restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) was used to genotype 316 cotton accessions. Eight major traits in three categories including yield, fiber quality and maturation were investigated in nine environments (3 sites × 3 years). 231 SNPs associated with these eight traits (− log10(P) > 5.27) were identified, located in 27 genomic regions respectively by linkage disequilibrium analysis. Further analysis showed that four genomic regions (the region 1, 6, 8 and 23) held favorable pleiotropic loci and 6 candidate genes were identified. Through genotyping, 14 elite accessions carrying the favorable loci on four pleiotropic regions were identified. These favorable pleiotropic loci and elite genotypes identified in this study will be utilized to improve the yield and fiber quality simultaneously in future cotton breeding.
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- 2021
41. Clonorchis sinensis Reinfection Rate and Reinfection Determinants: A Prospective Cohort Study in Hengxian County, Guangxi, China
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Zhi-Hua Jiang, Men-Bao Qian, Hualei Xin, Simon I. Hay, Yichao Yang, Zhongjie Li, Shi-Zhu Li, Yu Chen, Ying-Dan Chen, Junling Sun, Zhuoxin Huang, and Jianxing Yu
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,China ,Clonorchis sinensis ,biology ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Internal medicine ,Reinfection ,Clonorchiasis ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Animals ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,business ,Re infection - Abstract
Background To understand Clonorchis sinensis reinfection and the determinants of reinfection in endemic areas is important in establishment of control measures. Methods A prospective cohort study was implemented in Hengxian County, Guangxi, China. Individuals with C. sinensis infection were completely treated, and those cured were enrolled as study subjects and followed up for 3, 6, and 12 months. The reinfection frequency and incidence were calculated, and a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was constructed to capture reinfection determinants. Results Among 635 enrolled subjects, 436 (68.7%) completed follow-up. Of these, 177 (40.6%) were reinfected; 133 (75.1%) were reinfected once, 41 (23.2%) twice, and 3 (1.7%) three times. The incidence of reinfection was 64.0 per 100 person-years. Men (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–2.44), those with underlying diseases (aHR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.02–1.95), and those with moderate- or heavy-intensity infections (aHR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.14–1.85) had increasing reinfection probabilities. Conclusions C. sinensis reinfection is high in endemic areas. Men and high-intensity infection are important determinants of reinfection. Repeated chemotherapy is necessary to control reinfection and its associated morbidities, especially in high-risk individuals. In addition, behavioral education is advised to decrease overall reinfection in endemic areas.
- Published
- 2021
42. Cyclotris(paraquat‐ p ‐phenylenes)
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Ommid Anamimoghadam, James A. Cooper, Minh T. Nguyen, Qing‐Hui Guo, Lorenzo Mosca, Indranil Roy, Junling Sun, Charlotte L. Stern, Louis Redfern, Omar K. Farha, and J. Fraser Stoddart
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General Medicine - Published
- 2019
43. Contact local CD uniformity optimization through etch shrink
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Jennifer Church, Angelique Raley, Eric R. Miller, Xinghua Sun, and Junling Sun
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Back end of line ,Materials science ,Stack (abstract data type) ,Resist ,business.industry ,Optoelectronics ,Deposition (phase transition) ,Wafer ,Edge (geometry) ,business ,Lithography ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
As contact dimensions continue to shrink to support scaling, local CD variation (LCDU) becomes a critical driver of electrical variation and defectivity. Continued logic scaling is highly dependent on middle of line (MOL), which further amplifies the need for LCDU improvement. LCDU improvement will be critical to improving edge placement error (EPE). The same concepts can also be applied to back end of line (BEOL) vias. Since lithography tools are unable to consistently print contacts below 20 nm, it is typically necessary to shrink through etch. There are various etch techniques we can use to shrink contact dimensions each having different impacts on LCDU and defectivity. In this study we explore the impacts of various shrink methods to optimize LCDU and defect density. In this study a simple patterning stack of SiN + OPL + ARC + resist is used to simulate contact patterning. Various etch chambers and shrink techniques are used to reach a target CD range and LCDU and defect density are evaluated. The chambers evaluated include TEL’s conductor etcher and TEL’s dielectric etcher. LCDU data is collected using CDSEM. Defect density is evaluated using various etch techniques. Etch techniques such as deposition on resist, ARC and OPL, descum steps, pulsing and quasi atomic layer etch are explored. Multiple types of deposition techniques are used including selective deposition and cyclic deposition and trim. These techniques are optimized to be sensitive to open area and correct for local CD variations. On wafer LCDU performance of
- Published
- 2021
44. Risk mapping of scrub typhus infections in Qingdao city, China
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Archie C. A. Clements, Peng Fu, Wenbiao Hu, Hualei Xin, Simon I. Hay, Li Xiaojing, Shengjie Lai, Jing Cui, Jianping Sun, Zhongjie Li, and Junling Sun
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Rural Population ,Bacterial Diseases ,Urban Population ,Epidemiology ,Economics ,RC955-962 ,Social Sciences ,Total population ,Scrub typhus ,Geographical Locations ,Medical Conditions ,Risk Factors ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,High spatial resolution ,Public and Occupational Health ,integumentary system ,Socioeconomic Aspects of Health ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Research Article ,China ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Infection risk ,Asia ,Infectious Disease Control ,Disease Surveillance ,Models, Biological ,Typhus ,Spatio-Temporal Analysis ,Risk mapping ,medicine ,Humans ,Ecosystem ,Retrospective Studies ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Economic Analysis ,Health Care ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,Scrub Typhus ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Medical Risk Factors ,Infectious Disease Surveillance ,People and Places ,Regression tree model ,Demography - Abstract
Background The emergence and re-emergence of scrub typhus has been reported in the past decade in many global regions. In this study, we aim to identify potential scrub typhus infection risk zones with high spatial resolution in Qingdao city, in which scrub typhus is endemic, to guide local prevention and control strategies. Methodology/Principal findings Scrub typhus cases in Qingdao city during 2006–2018 were retrieved from the Chinese National Infectious Diseases Reporting System. We divided Qingdao city into 1,101 gridded squares and classified them into two categories: areas with and without recorded scrub typhus cases. A boosted regression tree model was used to explore environmental and socioeconomic covariates associated with scrub typhus occurrence and predict the risk of scrub typhus infection across the whole area of Qingdao city. A total of 989 scrub typhus cases were reported in Qingdao from 2006–2018, with most cases located in rural and suburban areas. The predicted risk map generated by the boosted regression tree models indicated that the highest infection risk areas were mainly concentrated in the mid-east and northeast regions of Qingdao, with gross domestic product (20.9%±1.8% standard error) and annual cumulative precipitation (20.3%±1.1%) contributing the most to the variation in the models. By using a threshold environmental suitability value of 0.26, we identified 757 squares (68.7% of the total) with a favourable environment for scrub typhus infection; 66.2% (501/757) of the squares had not yet recorded cases. It is estimated that 6.32 million people (72.5% of the total population) reside in areas with a high risk of scrub typhus infection. Conclusions/Significance Many locations in Qingdao city with no recorded scrub typhus cases were identified as being at risk for scrub typhus occurrence. In these at-risk areas, awareness and capacity for case diagnosis and treatment should be enhanced in the local medical service institutes., Author summary Scrub typhus is a bacterial zoonosis caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, which is mostly carried by rodents and chigger mites, and occasionally transmitted to humans by bites of infected larval mites. Scrub typhus is geographically endemic across broad areas of south and southeastern Asia, the Pacific islands and northern Australia. In recent years, an obvious increasing trend of the incidence of this disease has been noticed all around the world. China is one of the most endemic country for this disease, with an approximate 10-fold increase of the annual case number from 2006 to 2013. In this study, by using a prediction model for infectious diseases, we found that the highest infection risk area was located at the mid-east and northeast regions of Qingdao, with gross domestic product and precipitation might developed the greatest impact for the occurrence of scrub typhus. Furthermore, 68.7% of the region in Qingdao might have a suitable environment for the occurrence of scrub typhus, with most of them hadn’t reported cases yet. This study highlights the emergency to enhance the awareness of this disease and improve the capacity of diagnosis and treatment among medical institutions in high risk areas in Qingdao.
- Published
- 2020
45. A Background Refinement Collaborative Representation Method with Saliency Weight for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection
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Pengge Ma, Bing Zhang, Wei Li, Lianru Gao, Zengfu Hou, and Junling Sun
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Pixel ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Anomaly (natural sciences) ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Hyperspectral imaging ,Pattern recognition ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Least squares ,Computer Science::Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science::Multimedia ,Anomaly detection ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Representation (mathematics) ,Image resolution ,Spatial analysis ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Collaborative Representation Detection (CRD) is a very effective anomaly detection method, which is directly based on the concept that pixel under test (PUT) can be approximately linear represented by its spatial adjacent background pixels. If the adjacent background pixels are contaminated, the approximate value of PUT linearly represented by the surrounding pixels is inaccurate. In this work, an improved method for anomaly detection in hyperspectral imagery is proposed based on CRD. In our proposed method, the least squares technique first is adopted to obtain the preliminary linear representation coefficient, which is positively correlated with its contribution to PUT. Then, the purified background pixels are obtained according to the numerical value of the representation coefficient. Generally, the anomaly pixels are usually different from the background pixels, so saliency weight is imposed on the test pixel to make full use of the spatial information of inner window pixels around the test pixel. Extensive experiments for real hyperspectral datasets show that the proposed method outperforms the CRD method and other traditional detection methods.
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- 2020
46. High endemicity of Clonorchis sinensis infection in Binyang County, southern China
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Yingdan Chen, Shizhu Li, Zhi-Hua Jiang, Wei Li, Junling Sun, Menbao Qian, Xiaoqin Gan, Zhongjie Li, Kaixia Duan, Yichao Yang, Shiyong Huang, and Hualei Xin
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Endemic Diseases ,Physiology ,Epidemiology ,Eggs ,Flatworms ,RC955-962 ,Geographical Locations ,Eating ,Medical Conditions ,0302 clinical medicine ,Raw Foods ,Risk Factors ,Reproductive Physiology ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Medicine ,Young adult ,Clonorchis sinensis ,Clonorchis ,biology ,Cancer Risk Factors ,Fishes ,Eukaryota ,Endemic area ,Middle Aged ,Freshwater Fish ,Infectious Diseases ,Oncology ,Helminth Infections ,Helminth egg ,Vertebrates ,Clonorchiasis ,Female ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,Adult ,China ,Asia ,Adolescent ,030231 tropical medicine ,Trematodes ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Helminths ,Environmental health ,Parasitic Diseases ,Animals ,Humans ,business.industry ,Organisms ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Raw fish ,Tropical Diseases ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Invertebrates ,Fish ,030104 developmental biology ,Seafood ,Southern china ,Age Groups ,Medical Risk Factors ,People and Places ,Population Groupings ,Physiological Processes ,Large group ,business ,Zoology ,Foodborne Trematodiases - Abstract
High-intensity clonorchiasis infection is associated with serious outcomes, including cancer. Understanding the infection intensity of Clonorchis sinensis and its risk factors in local endemic regions could facilitate effective control measures. In a county located in a highly endemic area in Guangxi Province, P. R. China, local residents were randomly enrolled in the study; helminth egg examinations were performed with the Kato-Katz method, and the intensity of infection was identified as mild, moderate or heavy. Knowledge, attitudes, and high-risk behaviours were investigated among those infected with Clonorchis sinensis. A total of 2521 local residents participated in this study, and the Clonorchis sinensis-positive proportion was 28.9% (728 persons). Among the infected persons, the percentages of mild, moderate and heavy infections were 66.2%, 28.4% and 5.4%, respectively. Males experienced a higher proportion of moderate and heavy infections (37.5%) than females (18.1%) (p50 times in the last year (aOR = 2.89, 95%CI: 1.20–7.50) were risk factors for high-intensity infections (moderate and heavy). The overall infection proportion was high in the study area, with a large group of residents experiencing high-intensity infections. High frequency of raw fish consumption was associated with high-intensity infections. Intervention strategies targeting people with a high frequency of raw fish consumption should be implemented to reduce the probability of severe consequences., Author summary Clonorchiasis, which is caused by Clonorchis sinensis, is one of the most endemic parasite diseases in China. Humans get infected by eating the raw or undercooked freshwater fish that contain the nymphal stage of Clonorchis sinensis. There are about 15 million cases globally with 85% of those in China. Two major endemic areas were found in China, including Guangdong and Guangxi Province in the south part of China, and Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning Province in the north part of China. In this study, by analysing the dataset from one county in Guangxi Province, we found the overall proportion of infection was high, with one third of infection persons were classified as high intensity of infection. Male and persons aged 30–59 years developed higher burden of infection. Besides, persons who eat high frequency of raw fish developed high intensity of infection. Health education on the high risk populations should be strengthened to change the diet custom. Other measure such as examination of freshwater fish in the market should also be implemented.
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- 2020
47. A copy number variant at the HPDA-D12 locus confers compact plant architecture in cotton
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Xinxin Pei, Gaoxiang Ji, Wenfang Gong, Jia Yinhua, He Shoupu, Chengzhen Liang, Liru Wang, Yanyan Li, Qiong Gao, Junling Sun, Rui Zhang, Zhen Peng, Zhigang Meng, Yuchen Miao, Pengpeng Wang, Pan Zhaoe, Du Xiongming, Tao Zhu, Xiaoyang Wang, Chen Baojun, Yingfan Cai, Peilin Wang, and Geng Xiaoli
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Genetics ,Gossypium ,DNA Copy Number Variations ,Physiology ,Mutant ,food and beverages ,Branch length ,Mutant phenotype ,Locus (genetics) ,Plant Science ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Gossypium hirsutum ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Phenotype ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Cultivar ,Tandem exon duplication ,Copy-number variation ,Cotton Fiber ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Improving yield is a primary mission for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) breeders; development of cultivars with suitable architecture for high planting density (HPDA) can increase yield per unit area. We characterized a natural cotton mutant, AiSheng98 (AS98), which exhibits shorter height, shorter branch length, and more acute branch angle than wild-type. A copy number variant at the HPDA locus on Chromosome D12 (HPDA-D12), encoding a dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factor, GhDREB1B, strongly affects plant architecture in the AS98 mutant. We found an association between a tandem duplication of a c. 13.5 kb segment in HPDA-D12 and elevated GhDREB1B expression resulting in the AS98 mutant phenotype. GhDREB1B overexpression confers a significant decrease in plant height and branch length, and reduced branch angle. Our results suggest that fine-tuning GhDREB1B expression may be a viable engineering strategy for modification of plant architecture favorable to high planting density in cotton.
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- 2020
48. Epidemiologic changes of scrub typhus in China, 1952-2016
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Junling Sun, Hualei Xin, Liping Wang, George F. Gao, Lingjia Zeng, Nicole Davis Weaver, Sarah E Ray, Zhongjie Li, Jianxing Yu, Zijian Feng, Canjun Zheng, Simon I. Hay, and Shengjie Lai
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,trends ,medicine.medical_specialty ,China ,Orientia tsutsugamushi ,Epidemiology ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,vector-borne infections ,lcsh:Medicine ,Scrub typhus ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Epidemiologic Changes of Scrub Typhus in China, 1952–2016 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Middle East ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,bacteria ,Disease surveillance ,education.field_of_study ,seasons ,biology ,scrub typhus ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,lcsh:R ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,zoonoses ,Infectious Diseases ,Rickettsiosis ,Geography ,Synopsis ,surveillance ,Demography - Abstract
Scrub typhus, a miteborne rickettsiosis, has emerged in many areas globally. We analyzed the incidence and spatial-temporal distribution of scrub typhus in China during 1952-1989 and 2006-2016 using national disease surveillance data. A total of 133,623 cases and 174 deaths were recorded. The average annual incidence was 0.13 cases/100,000 population during 1952-1989; incidence increased sharply from 0.09/100,000 population in 2006 to 1.60/100,000 population in 2016. The disease, historically endemic to southern China, has expanded to all the provinces across both rural and urban areas. We identified 3 distinct seasonal patterns nationwide; infections peaked in summer in the southwest, summer-autumn in the southeast, and autumn in the middle-east. Persons >40 years of age and in nonfarming occupations had a higher risk for death. The changing epidemiology of scrub typhus in China warrants an enhanced disease control and prevention program.
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- 2020
49. Blow-up analysis for two kinds of nonlinear wave equations
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Junling Sun, Hengyan Li, and Xin Zhao
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Variable coefficient ,Algebra and Number Theory ,Partial differential equation ,Lifespan ,010102 general mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,lcsh:QA299.6-433 ,lcsh:Analysis ,02 engineering and technology ,Blow up ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Wave equation ,01 natural sciences ,Nonlinear wave equation ,Ordinary differential equation ,Initial value problem ,0101 mathematics ,Finite time ,0210 nano-technology ,Analysis ,Mathematical physics ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the blow-up and lifespan phenomenon for the following wave equation with variable coefficient: $$ u_{tt}(t,x)-\mathbf{div}\bigl(a(x)\mathbf{grad}u(t,x) \bigr)=f(u,Du,D_{x}Du), \quad x \in \mathbf{R}^{n}, t>0, $$utt(t,x)−div(a(x)gradu(t,x))=f(u,Du,DxDu),x∈Rn,t>0, with small initial data, where $a(x)>0$a(x)>0, $Du=(u_{x_{0}},u_{x_{1}},\ldots ,u_{x_{n}})$Du=(ux0,ux1,…,uxn) and $D_{x}Du=(u_{x_{k}x_{l}}, k,l=0,1,\ldots ,n, k+l\geq 1)$DxDu=(uxkxl,k,l=0,1,…,n,k+l≥1).Then we find a new phenomenon. The Cauchy problem $$ u_{tt}(t,x)-\triangle u(t,x)=u(t,x)e^{u(t,x)^{2}}, \quad x\in \mathbf{R}^{2}, t>0, $$utt(t,x)−△u(t,x)=u(t,x)eu(t,x)2,x∈R2,t>0, is globally well-posed for small initial data, while for the combined nonlinearities $$ u_{tt}(t,x)-\triangle u(t,x)=u(t,x) \bigl(e^{u(t,x)^{2}}+e^{u_{t}(t,x)^{2}} \bigr), \quad x \in \mathbf{R}^{2}, t>0 $$utt(t,x)−△u(t,x)=u(t,x)(eu(t,x)2+eut(t,x)2),x∈R2,t>0 with small initial data will blow up in finite time. Moreover, we obtain the lifespan results for the above problems.
- Published
- 2020
50. Resequencing a core collection of upland cotton identifies genomic variation and loci influencing fiber quality and yield
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Wu Jinhua, Xiongming Du, Keyun Feng, Liru Wang, Shoupu He, Xueyuan Li, Junduo Wang, Wenfang Gong, Zhaoe Pan, Yuanyuan Yan, Baoyin Pang, Panhong Dai, Yan Zhang, Gaofei Sun, Qishen Gu, Zhengwen Sun, Junling Sun, Zhihao Liu, Mi Wang, Zhikun Li, Guiyin Zhang, Zhen Peng, Ruiqiang Li, Jun Peng, Ke Huifeng, Jun Yang, Yinhua Jia, Hengwei Liu, Nan Wang, Liqiang Wu, Wang Guoning, Zhiying Ma, Hongyu Lan, Shilin Tian, Xingfen Wang, and Zhengwen Liu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Linkage disequilibrium ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,Plant genetics ,Genomics ,Genome-wide association study ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Breeding ,Quantitative trait locus ,Biology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Linkage Disequilibrium ,Domestication ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetics ,Cotton Fiber ,Allele ,Alleles ,Gossypium ,Phenotype ,030104 developmental biology ,Evolutionary biology ,Genome, Plant ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
Upland cotton is the most important natural-fiber crop. The genomic variation of diverse germplasms and alleles underpinning fiber quality and yield should be extensively explored. Here, we resequenced a core collection comprising 419 accessions with 6.55-fold coverage depth and identified approximately 3.66 million SNPs for evaluating the genomic variation. We performed phenotyping across 12 environments and conducted genome-wide association study of 13 fiber-related traits. 7,383 unique SNPs were significantly associated with these traits and were located within or near 4,820 genes; more associated loci were detected for fiber quality than fiber yield, and more fiber genes were detected in the D than the A subgenome. Several previously undescribed causal genes for days to flowering, fiber length, and fiber strength were identified. Phenotypic selection for these traits increased the frequency of elite alleles during domestication and breeding. These results provide targets for molecular selection and genetic manipulation in cotton improvement.
- Published
- 2018
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