Search

Received: November 11th, 2021 ; Accepted: January 30th, 2022 ; Published: March 17th, 2022 ; Correspondence: linda.legzdina@arei.lv Lipids are a minor nutritional component of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain and have not been as widely explored as the major components. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of genotype and environment, including conventional farming system with three crop management regimes, differing in agrochemical input, and organic farming system, on oil content and fatty acid composition in grain of two covered and four hulless spring barley genotypes during two growing seasons. Genotype significantly affected oil content and it was on average 4.26% and ranged in individual barley samples from 2.87 to 5.53%. We found linoleic, oleic, palmitic, α-linolenic, stearic and capric fatty acids in average proportions of 55.6; 21.3; 18.6; 3.7; 0.6 and 0.4%, respectively. Higher average oil content and proportion of α-linolenic acid was found in covered barley. Crop management regime did not significantly affect oil content but had some effect on the proportion of linoleic, α-linolenic, oleic and stearic acid. Decrease of chemical inputs was in favour of oil content and proportion of α-linolenic, oleic and stearic acids but did not promote linoleic acid. Waxy hulless barley line with high oil content and a very high proportion of linoleic acid was identified.

Injury severity score (ISS) is commonly used in trauma registries to describe injury severity and to predict outcomes in trauma patients regardless of injury mechanism. This study examined the correlation between ISS and mortality in adult trauma patients presenting to emergency departments in the United States with different mechanisms of injury. A retrospective observational study was conducted using the 2014 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. Patients' characteristics were stratified by mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for death against ISS for each mechanism of injury. A logistic regression model was conducted for each mechanism of injury to determine whether ISS (≥16 vs16) is a predictor of mortality. The study sample consisted of 16,147,058 weighted adult trauma patients. Median age was 46 years. Slightly over half were females (51.9%). Falls, motor vehicle accidents and being struck by or against, were the most commonly reported mechanisms of injury (44.6%, 18.1%, and 15.3%, respectively). The overall mortality in the study population was 0.4%. The area under the ROC curve was highest in injuries sustained in accidents involving machinery (0.947; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.896-0.998), followed by motor vehicle traffic (MVA) (0.788; 95% CI, 0.775-0.801) and cutting or piercing (0.746; 95% CI, 0.701-0.791). Deceased patients were accurately identified by ISS 65.2% in injury by machinery, 47.7% in injury involving MVA, 39.7% in injury by firearm and 31.4% in injury by assault. After adjusting for confounders, the multivariate models in which ISS was the main independent factor performed best in predicting mortality from firearm and machinery mechanism of injuries. Although the ROC curve analysis demonstrated a moderate or high discriminatory ability to identify deceased patients in 6 out of twelve mechanisms, and the multivariate analysis revealed that ISS was a significant predictor of mortality in 9 out of 12 injury mechanisms, the sensitivities of all logistic regression models were poor. The ISS ≥ 16 threshold alone therefore should not be used to identify patients with high-mortality risk. The mortality risk assessment should be done individually and be based on clinical evaluation.

Synthesis and properties of 2-arylmethyldimedones and 3-arylmethyl-4-hydroxy-quinolin-2(1H)-ones

Hempseed oil, as well as other oils containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, is subjected to oxidation processes caused by air, heat or light. Usually these processes are suppressed by addition of various synthetic phenol type antioxidants. The aim of current research was to increase oxidative stability of vegetable oils with natural antioxidants. Herein, we demonstrate that the oxidative stability can be increased with natural antioxidants present in oat hulls and sea buckthorn pomace – by-products of food processing. Extracts from pomace and hulls were prepared by maceration of ground plant material in the hempseed oil. The extraction was accelerated by ultrasound. It was established that the highest amount of polyphenols in extracts of both plant materials can be achieved within 30 min; further increase of extraction time sometimes even reduced the total amount of polyphenols. The highest amount of polyphenols in sea buckthorn extracts was 7.73±0.29 mg GAE 100 g-1, but in oat hull extracts – 4.63±0.21 mg GAE 100 g-1, when extracts were prepared by ultrasonification of hempseed oil containing 5% wt of plant material. Various amounts of plant material additives were used for extraction under optimized conditions. The highest antioxidant activity (expressed as ratio of time when peroxide value of sample and blank reaches 48 meq O2 kg-1) – 1.51±0.05 and 1.40±0.06 to 1.44±0.02, respectively – had extracts obtained from 1% wt additive of sea buckthorn pomace or 2.5-5% wt additive of oat hulls. The prepared hempseed oil extracts demonstrated higher oxidative stability than hempseed oil containing 0.02% additive of synthetic antioxidant BHT.

Glycerol as solvent for organic synthesis

the oxidative stability of the oat oil extracts was studied

Tēzēs aprakstīta avenantramīdu ieguve kondensējot aromātiskos aldehīdus ar amīdiem vai2-metilbenzo[d][1,3]oksazīn-4-onu.

Escherichia coli productor de toxina Shiga (STEC) es un patógeno emergente transmitido por alimentos. Existen numerosos serotipos de STEC asociados a enfermedad en humanos, entre los cuales prevalece el serotipo O157:H7. La carne molida es el principal vehículo de transmisión. En la ciudad de Concepción, provincia de Tucumán, entre setiembre y diciembre de 2004 se diagnosticaron dos casos de síndrome urémico hemolítico (SUH). El objetivo de este trabajo fue detectar, aislar y caracterizar STEC O157 y no-O157 a partir de muestras de carne molida fresca obtenidas en las bocas de expendio. Entre los meses de setiembre y diciembre de 2004 se recolectaron 53 muestras de carne molida fresca en carnicerías de la ciudad de Concepción. Para la detección, el aislamiento y la caracterización de STEC O157:H7 se utilizó la metodología USDA-FSIS 2002. Para la detección de E. coli no-O157 se utilizaron dos técnicas de PCR; para el aislamiento y la caracterización se utilizó una metodología previamente validada en una etapa intralaboratorio. Siete muestras fueron positivas para el gen stx2 , de las cuales 4 también fueron positivas para el gen rfbO157. Sin embargo, solo se aisló una cepa de E. coli O157:H7 biotipo C, portadora de los genes eae, stx2 y ehxA. El presente trabajo refleja la importancia de implementar técnicas que permitan detectar este grupo de patógenos emergentes a partir de productos cárnicos., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli is an emerging foodborne pathogen. There are many STEC serotypes associated with human diseases, being the O157:H7 serotype the most prevalent. Ground beef is the main transmission vehicle. In Concepción city, Tucumán Province, between September and December 2004, two hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) cases were diagnosed. The main objective of this work was to detect, isolate and characterize STEC O157 and non-O157 strains in fresh ground beef. Between September and December 2004, 53 fresh ground beef samples were collected from butcher shops in Concepción city. The USDA-FSIS (2002) methodology was used for detection, isolation and characterization of STEC O157:H7. Two PCR techniques for E. coli non-O157 detection and a previous intra-laboratory validated methodology for the isolation and characterization of these strains were used. The stx2 gen was identified in seven samples and the rfbO157 gene also in four of them. However, only one E. coli O157:H7 strain, biotype C, carrying the eae, stx2 and ehxA genes, was isolated. The present study shows the importance of implementing techniques for the detection of this emerging pathogen in meat samples., Instituto de Genética Veterinaria

FAME extracts of black currant have been investigated

Biobased additives for chain saw lubricants

aprakstītas krūmcidoniju sēklu attīrīšanas iespējas no cianogēnajām vielām

Mazuts ir naftas produkts, kas satur viaugstāko poliaromātisko un citu noturīgo ogļūdeņražu daudzumu. Šādu savienojumu klātbūtne mazutā, to zemā šķīdība un izteiktā spēja sorbēties uz augsnes organiskajām un neorganiskajām daļiņām ir galvenais apstāklis, kas nosaka to zemo biodegradācijas spēju. Darbā tika veikti pētījumi, lai izmantotu kā papildus viegli pieejama oglekļa avotus - biodīzeļa ražošanas izejvielu un blakusproduktu - rapšu eļļu un jēlglicerīnu. Izmantojot šos oglekļa avotus, notikusi augsnes bioloģiskās aktivitātes palielināšanās. Gan mikroskopisko sēņu skaits, gan baktēriju skaits paraugos bija lielāks nekā kontroles paraugu augsnē. Mikroskopiskā sēne Cylindrocarpon sp. ir dzīvotspējīga 29oC un iztur konkurenci ar vietējām augsnes mikroskopiskajām sēnēm Mucor, Rhizopus spp. un dominē 29oC, ja kā papildus oglekļa avots tiek izmantots REE sintēzē iegūts jēlglicerīns. Iegūtie rezultāti norāda, ka papildus viegli izmantojamie oglekļa avoti 10oC temperatūrā ir efektīvi, atšķirīgi un to izmantošana var pagarināt augsnes attīrīšanas sezonu.