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Additional file 1. Additional clinical, laboratory and genetic information.

Materials scientists from Ústí nad Labem and Dresden met in June of 2022 for the first joint PhD Conference on Material Science, with the special focus on biologization, nanotechnology and simulation. The conference aimed to encourage interdisciplinary exchange between Čzech and German research institutes and promote transnational cooperation on an international level along the Saxon- Čzech border. Due to the restrictions caused by the corona pandemic, several attempts were necessary before the conference, which was first planned in 2020, could finally take place for the first time in 2022. The conference could take place in presence, which was seen as a big plus by all participants, especially as it was the first meeting in this German - Čzech context for most of the participants. The attending scientists (about 60) met at the Institute of Material Science of TU Dresden in Germany for the first half of the week before the conference moved to the faculties of Science and Environment of the Jan Evangelista Purkyně University UJEP in Ústí nad Labem in Čzechia. The organized activities ranged from scientific presentations of current PhD projects and research topics, lab tours in the participating institutions, come-together events such as a guided tour at the dye collection of the TU Dresden and a hiking trip to Bohemian Switzerland. The conference was funded by INTERREG VA Saxony - Čzech Republic - a cooperation programme of the Elbe/Labe region. All participants - PhD students, scientists and staff members of the participating institutions - enjoyed this opportunity to build individual and new contacts, exchange information on current research topics and methods, find starting points for future collaborations between the different research areas and institutions and also discuss the similarities and differences between the German and Čzech research landscape. The purpose of this brochure is to present the institutions with their special topics and laboratories and to present current research topics - on the base of the presented PhD projects.:1 Introduction 2 1.1 Committees 5 2 Presentation of the participating institutes and chairs 5 2.1 Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem 6 2.1.1 Faculty of Science 6 2.1.2 Faculty of Environment 12 2.2 Technische Universität Dresden 17 2.2.1 Institute of Material Science 17 2.3 Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS 19 2.3.1 Department Bio- and Nanotechnology at IKTS 19 2.4 Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz-IFW Dresden 21 2.5 TRANS³Net 22 3 Presentation of the PhD topics 23 3.1 Topic: BIOLOGIZATION 23 3.1.1 Ludovico Andrea Alberta: Exploring the effect of Cu additions on the mechanical behaviour of β-TiNb biomaterials 23 3.1.2 Franziska Alt: Formation of a microenvironment for directed differentiation of stem cells in a perfusion bioreactor 25 3.1.3 Dmitry Belyaev: Circular microfluidic systems for electro-chemical continuous monitoring of bio-chemicals in emulsion droplets 27 3.1.4 Constantin Ißleib: Dynamic osteoimmunological crosstalk in a bone replacement context 28 3.1.5 Adela Jagerová: Surface Modification by High-Energy Heavy-Ion Irradiation in Various Crystalline ZnO Facets 29 3.1.6 Nils Kaube: Bioinspired development of artificial enamel via in-situ nano-mineralization 30 3.1.7 Michaela Kocholata: Isolation and characterization of plant derived nanovesicles 30 3.1.8 Zuzana Nejedlá: Dendrimers as Drug Delivery System 31 3.1.9 Jacub Perner: Effect of cold plasma treatment of Poppy and Proso Millet seeds in plasma downer 32 3.1.10 Marina Roshchina: Development of new bacteria-killing coatings on beta-Ti-Nb alloy based on functional oxide nanotubular (ONT) layers 33 3.1.11 Muhammad Saqib: Algorithms and fluid-dynamic experimental platform for in vitro degradation studies of implant materials 34 3.1.12 Jacub Tolasz: Interaction of pollutants on nanoceria 35 3.1.13 Zuzana Žmudová: 3D spheroid culture for in vitro testing of nanoparticles 35 3.2 Topic: METROLOGY 37 3.2.1 Katrien Boonen: The potential of dendrochemistry and dendroecology in pollution research 37 3.2.2 Ivan Lopez Carasco: Development of immobilization protocols for Tro6 and Tro4 aptamers to be used in electrochemical biosensor 38 3.2.3 Jacub Hoskovec: Functionalized electrospun materials for selectvie capture of selected gases 39 3.2.4 Dominic Pilnaj: Applications of gas sensors for air-quality monitoring and identification of volatile organic compounds by GC-HRMS 39 3.2.5 Michaela Průšová: Prostat, Glioblastoma and Mammary carcinoma cells derived exosomes: Their isolation, characterization and loading with doxorubicin 40 3.2.6 Kateřina Přibylová: Preparation of nanostructured surfaces for CO2 Detection, Capture and Utilization 41 3.2.7 Michal Syrový: Chemical modification of PAN – based nanofibrous membranes prepared by electrospinning and their properties for CO2 capture potential 42 3.3 Topic: GEOLOGICAL/MATERIALS 43 3.3.1 Sabine Apelt: Using biomimicry to design anti-ice surfaces for air-water heat pumps 43 3.3.2 Jan Dočkal: Molecular dynamics of interfacial solution structure of alkali-halide electrolytes at graphens electrodes 47 3.3.3 Tereza Dušková: Metal complexes with polyfluorinated NHCs 48 3.3.4 Kristína Fiantoková: Obtaining of the active mass from the spent Li-Ion batteries 48 3.3.5 Stephanie Ihmann: Engineering of bio-based Building and Construction Materials 49 3.3.6 Sara Jalali: Degradable bone substitute materials with load-bearing properties - Fiber-strengthened silica 50 3.3.7 Pavel Kaule: Preparation of heteroborane derivatives for thin film deposition by the covalent bond formation 53 3.3.8 M. Kozakovic: The effect of primary and secondary flows on the homogenization process in a vertical bladed mixer 53 3.3.9 Pavlína Matysová: Molecular Simulation of Salt Hydrates 54 3.3.10 Viktorie Neubertová: Surface functionalization of Ti3C2T MXene for MRI contrast agent 55 3.3.11 Robert Ato Newton: Fuel characteristics of Miscanthus x giganteus biomass produced at the marginal and slightly contaminated by trace elements soils 55 3.3.12 Martin Otto: Bioresorbable Fe-based alloys processed via laser powder bed fusion 56 3.3.13 Petr Panuška: A millifluidic chip for cultivation of fish embryos and toxicity testing fabricated by 3D printing technology 59 3.3.14 David Poustka: Unlocking mass production of photocrosslinked chitosan nanofibers 60 3.3.15 Eliška Rezlerová: Adsorption and Diffusion of Short Hydrocarbons and Carbon Dioxide in Shale Organic Matter: Insights from Molecular Simulations 60 3.3.16 Stefan Weitz: Investigating the material hardness of mollusks shells in dry and wet states by microindentation 61

Plasmalogens, the most prominent ether (phospho)lipids in mammals, are structural components of most cellular membranes. Due to their physicochemical properties and abundance in the central nervous system, a role of plasmalogens in neurotransmission has been proposed, but conclusive data are lacking. Here, we targeted this issue in the glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (Gnpat) KO mouse, a model of complete deficiency in ether lipid biosynthesis. Throughout the study, focusing on adult male animals, we found reduced brain levels of various neurotransmitters. In the dopaminergic nigrostriatal tract, synaptic endings but not neuronal cell bodies were affected. Neurotransmitter turnover was altered in ether lipid-deficient murine as well as human post-mortem brain tissue. A generalized loss of synapses did not account for the neurotransmitter deficits, since the levels of several presynaptic proteins appeared unchanged. However, reduced amounts of vesicular monoamine transporter indicate a compromised vesicular uptake of neurotransmitters. As exemplified by norepinephrine, the release of neurotransmitters from Gnpat KO brain slices was diminished in response to strong electrical and chemical stimuli. Finally, addressing potential phenotypic correlates of the disturbed neurotransmitter homeostasis, we show that ether lipid deficiency manifests as hyperactivity and impaired social interaction. We propose that the lack of ether lipids alters the properties of synaptic vesicles leading to reduced amounts and release of neurotransmitters. These features likely contribute to the behavioral phenotype of Gnpat KO mice, potentially modeling some human neurodevelopmental disorders like autism or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Missense mutations in the LRRK2 (Leucine-rich repeat protein kinase-2) and VPS35 genes result in autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease. The VPS35 gene encodes for the cargo-binding component of the retromer complex, while LRRK2 modulates vesicular trafficking by phosphorylating a subgroup of Rab proteins. Pathogenic mutations in LRRK2 increase its kinase activity. It is not known how the only thus far described pathogenic VPS35 mutation, [p.D620N] exerts its effects. We reveal that the VPS35[D620N] knock-in mutation strikingly elevates LRRK2-mediated phosphorylation of Rab8A, Rab10, and Rab12 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The VPS35[D620N] mutation also increases Rab10 phosphorylation in mouse tissues (the lung, kidney, spleen, and brain). Furthermore, LRRK2-mediated Rab10 phosphorylation is increased in neutrophils as well as monocytes isolated from three Parkinson's patients with a heterozygous VPS35[D620N] mutation compared with healthy donors and idiopathic Parkinson's patients. LRRK2-mediated Rab10 phosphorylation is significantly suppressed by knock-out or knock-down of VPS35 in wild-type, LRRK2[R1441C], or VPS35[D620N] cells. Finally, VPS35[D620N] mutation promotes Rab10 phosphorylation more potently than LRRK2 pathogenic mutations. Available data suggest that Parkinson's patients with VPS35[D620N] develop the disease at a younger age than those with LRRK2 mutations. Our observations indicate that VPS35 controls LRRK2 activity and that the VPS35[D620N] mutation results in a gain of function, potentially causing PD through hyperactivation of the LRRK2 kinase. Our findings suggest that it may be possible to elaborate compounds that target the retromer complex to suppress LRRK2 activity. Moreover, patients with VPS35[D620N] associated Parkinson's might benefit from LRRK2 inhibitor treatment that have entered clinical trials in humans.

Die sozioökonomische und politische Krise in Venezuela hat zu Millionen unfreiwilliger Migrant_innen geführt. Viele von ihnen überqueren die Grenze zu Nachbarländern mit dem Ziel Arbeit zu finden, wobei sie oft in urbane Gebiete migrieren. Bogotá, der Untersuchungsort dieser Diplomarbeit, ist ein Beispiel für besonders hohen Zahlen an venezolanischer Migrant_innen. Mit der Herausforderung, sich ihren Lebensunterhalt zu finanzieren, bleibt vielen keine andere Chance, als einen Job auf dem informellen Arbeitsmarkt anzunehmen, wo in den letzten Jahren digitale Arbeitsplattformen immer mehr an Bedeutung gewannen. Deren Erfahrungen und Handlungen können das städtische Leben und damit auch die sozialräumlichen Bedingungen einer Stadt erheblich verändern. Die vorliegende Analyse versucht, eine Verbindung zwischen diesen Phänomenen herzustellen und trägt damit zum Verständnis der Alltagserfahrungen marginalisierter Gruppen bei. Mit einem ethnographischen Ansatz und verschiedenen qualitativen Forschungsmethoden, darunter narrative semi-strukturierte Interviews, teilnehmende Beobachtung und ‘ride-alongs’, analysiert sie zwei Fälle venezolanischer Migrant_innen, die über digitale Arbeitsplattformen in der Gig-Ökonomie arbeiten. In einem Fall geht es um Rappi-Lieferanten_innen und im zweiten Fall um Webcam Models. Dadurch wird ein tiefer Einblick in alltägliche Herausforderungen, Routinen und Gedanken ermöglicht, die schließlich mit Hilfe von theoretischen Konzepten um Migration, Stadtforschung und Arbeit interpretiert werden. Die Ergebnisse, wie z. B. die identifizierten Arbeitsschemata in ihrem täglichen Leben, zeigen vielfältige Nutzungen des öffentlichen und privaten Raums auf, die mit Diskriminierung im öffentlichen Leben verbunden sind. Die ständige Präsenz von Rappi-Lieferant_inne im öffentlichen Raum ist eine Form der Aneignung des umkämpften städtischen Raumes. In beiden Fallstudien lassen sich immersive Strukturen körperlicher Reproduktionsarbeit auf verschiedenen geographischen Ebenen identifizieren. Für Webcam Models spielt aber auch die emotionale Arbeit durch den intensiven Kontakt mit ihren Klienten eine wesentliche Rolle. Darüber hinaus werden in der Analyse teils ausbeuterische Arbeitsumgebungen aufgezeigt, die sowohl formelle als auch informelle Arbeitsmerkmale aufweisen. Die Einblicke, die in die krisengeschüttelten Volkswirtschaften lateinamerikanischer Länder eingebettet sind, vermitteln eine Vorstellung von der verwundbaren Situation, in der sich viele Migrant_innen und Bürger_innen in Bogotá befinden, wenn sie versuchen in den Arbeitsmarkt einzutreten. Insgesamt zeigen vor allem die speziellen Details innerhalb der Fallstudien die Fülle der Untersuchung städtischer Lebensmuster und unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit für weitere Forschung im Bereich des urbanen Alltagslebens., The socio-economic and political crisis in Venezuela has resulted in millions of involuntary migrants. Many of them cross the border to the neighboring countries and have the objective to work, often migrating towards urban areas. Bogotá, the location of this research, is one example with a particularly severe trend of rising numbers of Venezuelan migrants. With the challenge of making ends need, many of them do not have any other chance than to accept a job in the informal labor market, in which digital labor platforms have gained more and more importance during the past years. Their experiences and actions can have a significant alteration to urban life and, in doing so, the socio-spatial conditions of a city. This study attempts to establish a link between these phenomena and thereby contributes to the understanding of marginalized groups' everyday life experiences. With an ethnographic approach and different qualitative research methods, including narrative semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and ride-alongs, it analyses two cases of Venezuelan forced migrants working in the gig-economy via digital labor platforms. One case looks at Rappi food deliverers, and the second one at Webcam models. By that, it allows a profound insight into daily struggles, routines, and thoughts, finally interpreted using theoretical concepts of migration, urban studies, and work. The findings, such as the identified work schemes in their daily lives, reveal diverse uses of public and private space, connected with discrimination in public life. For Rappi delivery workers, their constant presence in urban public space is a form of appropriation of contested space. In both case studies, immersive structures of physical reproductive labor on different geographical levels can be identified. However, for Webcam models, emotional labor also plays an essential role through intense contact with their clients. What is more, the analysis exposes exploitive work environments that show both formal and informal labor characteristics. The insights embedded in Latin American countries' struggling economies give an idea of the vulnerable situation many migrants and citizens face when trying to enter the labor market. Overall, especially the rather particular details within each case study demonstrate the richness of studying urban life patterns and emphasizes its necessity for further research.