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Cholesterol ester storage disease (CESD) is one of the rare causes that should be kept in mind in the etiology of cirrhosis. Recent studies detected that significantly reduced lysosomal acid lipase deficiency enzyme (LAL) in patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC). Moreover, studies have evaluated that LAL activity is as effective as scoring systems in assessing the severity of cirrhosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the CESD with LAL level and mutation analysis of LIPA gene in patients diagnosed with CC and to compare LAL activities between patients with CC and healthy volunteers.Laboratory parameters and cirrhosis stage (CHILD and MELD) were recorded for the patient group included in the study. In addition, blood samples were taken from each case included in the study for LAL activity determination and LIPA gene analysis.A statistically significant decrease in LAL activity was found in patients diagnosed with CC compared to the healthy group. LIPA gene analysis did not detect CESD in any patient group. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between LAL activity and white blood cell and platelet counts in both healthy volunteers and CC patient groups. In the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of the parameters associated with the MELD of ≥10 in patients with CC, significant relationship was found between the MELD of ≥10 and the LAL activity.In our study, LAL activity was significantly lower in CC patients than in the normal population. LAL activity level appears to be a parameter that can be used to assess the severity of cirrhosis.

Bu tezin amacı Türkçe'de eksiltili -ise çeliştirici bağlacını içeren Evet-Hayır sorularını incelemektir. Bu tip sorular, cümlelerdeki eksiltili ögenin fiil olması sebebiyle başlangıçta geri doğru boşaltma örnekleri gibi gözükmektedir. Ancak ben bu cümlelerin sadece Evet-Hayır okumalarıyla yorumlanabileceğini, seçenekli okumanın mümkün olmadığını ve bu sebeple de Sağ Budak Yükseltme (SBY) yapısının Bağlak Dışına Taşıma analiziyle açıklanabileceğini iddia etmekteyim. Bu yapıdan yola çıkarak, Türkçe'de soru parçacığı mI'nın odak öbeğinin başı olarak bağlakların üzerinde türetildiğini, ayrıca bu yapılarda bağlaklar tarafından paylaşılan fiillerin de bağlak dışında türeyen mI soru parçacığının üzerinde bir noktaya bir tür çalkalama yoluyla taşındığını ileri sürmekteyim. Çalışmanın ikinci amacı olarak anadili Türkçe olan ve ikinci dil olarak İngilizce öğrenenlerin bahsi geçen yapılar için ne tür anlamsal yorumlalar yaptıklarını ve bu yapıların İngilizce'deki sözdizim özelliklerinden ne derece etkilendiklerini araştırdım. İngilizce'deki anlamsal bulanıklığın Türkçe'deki yapılarda bulunmaması sebebiyle sözdizim-anlambilim arakesitinin ortaya çıkabileceğini ve bu farklılığın İngilizce dilinin ediniminde bazı problemlere yol açabileceğini öngördüm. Ancak çalışmada elde edilen bulgular, katılımcıların diller arasındaki sözdizimsel farklılıktan etkilenmediğini ve seçenekli yorumlamaların da en az evet-hayır yorumlamaları kadar yüksek olduğunu gösterdi. The aim of this thesis is to discuss elliptical Yes-No (YN) questions that contain the adversative conjunction -ise in Turkish. Although these questions seem to be instances of backward gapping as the missing element is the verb in such sentences, I show that that they have only YN question reading (but not alternative reading) and argue that they are generated via Across-the-Board (ATB) Movement analysis of Right Node Raising (RNR). I propose that the question particle mI is base-generated as a Focus head which is higher than the conjuncts. Next, the matrix verb, which is shared by the embedded clauses, moves in the ATB fashion to a position higher than the question particle through some form of scrambling. The second aim of this study was to establish what semantic interpretation L2 learners of English assign to sentences containing clausal disjunction and whether this interpretation might be influenced by the interpretation of comparable structures in their native Turkish given that these sentences in English are ambiguous between Yes-No reading and alternative reading while sentences in Turkish lack this ambiguity. Considering that there is a Syntax-Semantics Interface (although it is an internal interface), a problem (a syntactic transfer, more specifically) in the acquisition of this phenomenon was expected to occur for L2 speakers. However, the results suggested that participants were not affected by their native languages and attested even higher scores on alternative reading questions. 126