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1. Photophoresis on particles hotter/colder than the ambient gas in the free molecular flow

Author

Loesche, C., Wurm, G., Jankowski, T., and Kuepper, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

Aerosol particles experience significant photophoretic forces at low pressure. Previous work assumed the average particle temperature to be very close to the gas temperature. This might not always be the case. If the particle temperature or the thermal radiation field differs significantly from the gas temperature (optically thin gases), given approximations overestimate the photophoretic force by an order of magnitude on average with maximum errors up to more than three magnitudes. We therefore developed a new general approximation which on average only differs by 1 % from the true value., Comment: 11 pages

Published
2016
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7. Edge-lit sine-shape wedged light guides: Design, optical simulation, laser-remelting-based precision fabrication, and optical performance evaluation

Author

Bordatchev, E.V., Küpper, M., Cvijanovic, S.J., Willenborg, E., Milliken, N., Temmler, A., Tutunea-Fatan, O.R., and Publica

Abstract

Light guiding is an essential functionality of automotive lighting responsible for styling, safety, and artistic effects. The functional performance of optical lighting and illumination products and components depends on novel optical designs and advanced technologies for cost-effective fabrication of tooling with strict surface quality and form geometry accuracy. The present multi-objective study introduces a new design for an edge-lit wedge planar light guide (LG) with sine-shape riblets as well as an advanced microfabrication technology called surface structuring by laser remelting (SSLRM). In the proposed LG design, sine-shape riblets act as optical structures used to redirect - through total internal reflection - the incoming collimated light onto the illuminated surface. Numerical simulations showed that LGs with different amplitudes of sine-shape riblets (e.g., 25 mm, 40 mm, 55 mm) can reach an illumination efficiency of 97.7%. Furthermore, the applicability of SSLRM process for an efficient fabrication of edge-lit LG tooling inserts was demonstrated and several tooling inserts were fabricated with geometric parameters matching the proposed optical designs. Following this, the geometry and surface quality parameters of the fabricated inserts were presented. In addition, functional plastic prototypes of LGs were produced by means of a hot embossing technology that preserved the original form geometry and surface quality characteristics. Their actual optical performance was comparatively evaluated with respect to a LG with a flat-wedged surface and also to LGs with different amplitudes of sine-shape riblets. The maximum actual optical performance was achieved by LGs with a sine-shape amplitude of 55 mm that exhibited a total luminance of 0.1395 cd while the flat wedged LG without light redirecting structures exhibits 0.0006 cd only. It is also demonstrated that the sine-shape amplitude significantly contributes to the overall LG optical performance gaining 1811% improvement with respect to the LG with 25 mm amplitude delivering 0.0073 cd. The results obtained demonstrate the applicability and the high potential of the proposed edge-lit sine-shape wedged LGs as well as that of the SSLRM process used for their high precision microfabrication.

Published
2020

13. Corrigendum: Is the humoral immunity dispensable for the pathogenesis of psoriasis?

Author

Thomas, J., primary, Küpper, M., additional, Batra, R., additional, Jargosch, M., additional, Atenhan, A., additional, Baghin, V., additional, Krause, L., additional, Lauffer, F., additional, Biedermann, T., additional, Theis, F.J., additional, Eyerich, K., additional, Schmidt‐Weber, C.B., additional, Eyerich, S., additional, and Garzorz‐Stark, N., additional

Published
2019
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17. Is the humoral immunity dispensable for the pathogenesis of psoriasis?

Author

Thomas, J., primary, Küpper, M., additional, Batra, R., additional, Jargosch, M., additional, Atenhan, A., additional, Baghin, V., additional, Krause, L., additional, Lauffer, F., additional, Biedermann, T., additional, Theis, F.J., additional, Eyerich, K., additional, Eyerich, S., additional, and Garzorz‐Stark, N., additional

Published
2018
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18. 皮脂腺细胞通过促进辅助性T细胞17的分化从而引起皮肤炎症

Author

Mattii, M., primary, Lovászi, M., additional, Garzorz, N., additional, Atenhan, A., additional, Quaranta, M., additional, Lauffer, F., additional, Konstantinow, A., additional, Küpper, M., additional, Zouboulis, C.C., additional, Kemeny, L., additional, Eyerich, K., additional, Schmidt-Weber, C.B., additional, Törőcsik, D., additional, and Eyerich, S., additional

Published
2018
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19. Sebocytes contribute to skin inflammation by promoting the differentiation of T helper 17 cells

Author

Mattii, M., primary, Lovászi, M., additional, Garzorz, N., additional, Atenhan, A., additional, Quaranta, M., additional, Lauffer, F., additional, Konstantinow, A., additional, Küpper, M., additional, Zouboulis, C.C., additional, Kemeny, L., additional, Eyerich, K., additional, Schmidt-Weber, C.B., additional, Törőcsik, D., additional, and Eyerich, S., additional

Published
2018
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20. Emissions and possible environmental Implication of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in the atmosphere

Author

John, A.C., Küpper, M., Manders-Groot, A.M.M., Debray, B., Lacome, J.M., and Kuhlbusch, T.A.J.

Subjects
Aerosols, Engineered nanomaterials, Atmospheric transport, Urbanisation, ENMs, CAS - Climate, Air and Sustainability, Emission, 2015 Urban Mobility & Environment, Ultrafine particles, Release, ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences, Transformation processes, Environment & Sustainability
Abstract

In spite of the still increasing number of engineered nanomaterial (ENM) applications, large knowledge gaps exist with respect to their environmental fate, especially after release into air. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of emissions and behavior of airborne engineered nanomaterials. The whole ENM lifecycle is considered from the perspective of possible releases into the atmosphere. Although in general, emissions during use phase and end-of-life seem to play a minor role compared to entry into soil and water, accidental and continuous emissions into air can occur especially during production and some use cases such as spray application. Implications of ENMs on the atmosphere as e.g.; photo-catalytic properties or the production of reactive oxygen species are reviewed as well as the influence of physical processes and chemical reactions on the ENMs. Experimental studies and different modeling approaches regarding atmospheric transformation and removal are summarized. Some information exists especially for ENMs, but many issues can only be addressed by using data from ultrafine particles as a substitute and research on the specific implications of ENMs in the atmosphere is still needed. © 2017 by the authors.

Published
2017

21. In-Loop Transient Elektromagnetische Messungen im Kölner Grüngürtel: Vergleich der KMS-820 Empfangs-Einheit mit dem Zonge GDP32-II

Author

Küpper, M., Tezkan, B., Yogeshwar, P., Haroon, A., Bergers, R., and Hanstein, T.

Abstract

In dieser Arbeit wurde erstmals eine KMS-820 Empfangsapparatur von KMS Technologies für In-Loop TEM-Messungen im typischen Zero-TEM-Zeitbereich eingesetzt. Dabei wurden Vergleichsmessungen in der Kölner Umgebung mit dem GDP32-II von Zonge Engineering durchgeführt. Am Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie der Universität zu Köln wird seit Jahren der GDP32-II als Empfänger für TEM-Messungen verwendet, sodass dieses Gerät und seine Eigenschaften bereits bekannt sind und sich die Ergebnisse gut als Referenz für Vergleiche mit der neuen KMS-820 Empfangseinheit eignen. Das KMS-820 System ist für eine allgemeine Anwendung in der Elektromagnetik und Mikroseismik entwickelt worden. Zur Zeit ist der Haupteinsatz in der Magnetotellurik und LOTEM Sondierung.

Published
2016

22. Search for doubly charged Higgs bosons with the OPAL detector at LEP

Author

Abbiendi, G., Ainsley, C., Åkesson, P. F., Alexander, G., Allison, J., Anagnostou, G., Anderson, K. J., Arcelli, S., Asai, S., Axen, D., Azuelos, G., Bailey, I., Barberio, E., Barlow, R. J., Batley, R. J., Bechtle, P., Behnke, T., Bell, K. W., Bell, P. J., Bella, G., Bellerive, A., Benelli, G., Bethke, S., Biebel, O., Bloodworm, I. J., Boeriu, O., Bock, P., Böhme, J., Bonacorsi, D., Boutemeur, M., Braibant, S., Brigliadori, L., Brown, R. M., Burckhart, H. J., Cammin, J., Campana, S., Carnegie, R. K., Caron, B., Carter, A. A., Carter, J. R., Chang, C. Y., Charlton, D. G., Clarke, P. E. L., Clay, E., Cohen, I., Couchman, J., Csilling, A., Cuffiani, M., Dado, S., Dallavalle, G. M., Dallison, S., Roeck, A., Woif, E. A., Dervan, P., Desch, K., Dienes, B., Donkers, M., Dubbert, J., Duchovni, E., Duckeck, G., Duerdoth, I. P., Etzion, E., Fabbri, F., Feld, L., Ferrari, P., Fiedler, F., Fleck, I., Ford, M., Frey, A., Fürtjes, A., Futyan, D. I., Gagnon, P., Gary, J. W., Gaycken, G., Geich-Gimbel, C., Giacomelli, G., Paolo Giacomelli, Giunta, M., Goldberg, J., Graham, K., Gross, E., Grunhaus, J., Gruwé, M., Günther, P. O., Gupta, A., Hajdu, C., Hamann, M., Hanson, G. G., Harder, K., Harel, A., Harin-Dirac, M., Hauschild, M., Hauschildt, J., Hawkes, C. M., Hawkings, R., Hemingways, R. J., Hensel, C., Herten, G., Heuer, R. D., Hill, J. C., Hoffman, K., Homer, R. J., Horváth, D., Hossain, K. R., Howard, R., Huntemeyer, P., Igo-Kemenes, P., Ishii, K., Jawahery, A., Jeremie, H., Jones, C. R., Jovanovic, P., Junk, T. R., Kanaya, N., Kanzaki, J., Karapetian, G., Karlen, D., Kartvelishvili, V., Kawagoe, K., Kawamoto, T., Keeler, R. K., Kellogg, R. G., Kennedy, B. W., Kimr, D. H., Kleine, K., Klier, A., Kluth, S., Kobayashi, T., Kobel, M., Kokott, T. P., Komamiya, S., Kowalewski, R. V., Krämer, T., Kress, T., Krieger, P., Krogh, J., Krop, D., Kuhl, T., Küpper, M., Kyberd, P., Lafferty, G. D., Landsman, H., Lanske, D., Lawson, I., Layter, J. G., Leins, A., Lellouch, D., Letts, J., Levinson, L., Lillich, J., Littlewood, C., Lloyd, S. L., Loebinger, F. K., Lu, J., Ludwig, J., Macchiolo, A., Macpherson, A., Mader, W., Marcellini, S., Marchant, T. E., Martin, A. J., Martin, J. P., Martinez, G., Masetti, G., Mashimo, T., Mättig, P., Mcdonald, W. J., Mckenna, J., Mcmahon, T. J., Mcpherson, R. A., Meijers, F., Mendez-Lorenzo, P., Menges, W., Merritt, E. S., Mes, H., Michelini, A., Mihara, S., Mikenberg, G., Miller, D. J., Moed, S., Mohr, W., Mori, T., Mutter, A., Nagai, K., Nakamura, I., Neal, H. A., Nisius, R., O Neale, S. W., Oh, A., Okpara, A., Oreglia, M. J., Orito, S., Pahl, C., Pásztor, G., Pater, J. R., Patrick, G. N., Pilcher, J. E., Pinfold, J., Plane, D. E., Poli, B., Polok, J., Pooth, O., Quadt, A., Rabbertz, K., Rembser, C., Renkel, P., Rick, H., Rodning, N., Roney, J. M., Rosati, S., Roscoe, K., Rozen, Y., Runge, K., Rust, D. R., Sachs, K., Saeki, T., Sahr, O., Sarkisyan, E. K. G., Schaue, A. D., Schaue, O., Scharff-Hansen, P., Schröder, M., Schumacher, M., Schwick, C., Scott, W. G., Seuster, R., Shears, T. G., Shen, B. C., Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. H., Sherwood, P., Skuja, A., Smith, A. M., Snow, G. A., Sobie, R., Söldner-Rembold, S., Spagnolo, S., Spano, F., Sproston, M., Stahl, A., Stephens, K., Strom, D., Ströhmer, R., Stumpf, L., Surrow, B., Tarem, S., Tasevsky, M., Taylor, R. J., Teuscher, R., Thomas, J., Thomson, M. A., Torrence, E., Toya, D., Trefzger, T., Tricoli, A., Trigger, I., Trócsányi, Z., Tsur, E., Turner-Watson, M. F., Ueda, I., Ujvári, B., Vachon, B., Vollmer, C. F., Vannerem, P., Verzocchi, M., Voss, H., Vossebeld, J., Waller, D., Ward, C. P., Ward, D. R., Watkins, P. M., Watson, A. T., Watson, N. K., Wells, P. S., Wengler, T., Wermes, N., Weiterung, D., Wilson, G. W., Wilson, J. A., Wyatt, T. R., Yamashita, S., Zacek, V., Zer-Zion, D., G., Abbiendi, C., Ainsley, P. F., Akesson, G., Alexander, J., Allison, G., Anagnostou, K. J., Anderson, S., Arcelli, S., Asai, D., Axen, G., Azuelo, I., Bailey, E., Barberio, R. J., Barlow, R. J., Batley, P., Bechtle, T., Behnke, K. W., Bell, P. J., Bell, G., Bella, A., Bellerive, G., Benelli, S., Bethke, O., Biebel, I. J., Bloodworth, O., Boeriu, P., Bock, J., Bohme, D., Bonacorsi, M., Boutemeur, S., Braibant, L., Brigliadori, R. M., Brown, H. J., Burckhart, J., Cammin, S., Campana, R. K., Carnegie, B., Caron, A. A., Carter, J. R., Carter, C. Y., Chang, D. G., Charlton, P. E., L., E., Clay, I., Cohen, J., Couchmann, A., Csilling, M., Cuffiani, S., Dado, G. M., Dallavalle, S., Dallison, A., De Roeck, E. A., De, P., Dervan, K., Desch, B., Diene, M., Donker, J., Dubbert, E., Duchovni, G., Duckeck, I. P., Duerdoth, E., Etzion, F., Fabbri, L., Feld, P., Ferrari, F., Fiedler, I., Fleck, M., Ford, A., Frey, A., Furtje, D. I., Futyan, P., Gagnon, J. W., Gary, G., Gaycken, C., Geich Gimbel, G., Giacomelli, P., Giacomelli, M., Giunta, J., Goldberg, K., Graham, E., Gro, J., Grunhau, M., Gruwe, P. O., Gunther, A., Gupta, C., Hajdu, M., Hamann, G. G., Hanson, K., Harder, A., Harel, M., Harin Dirac, M., Hauschild, J., Hauschildt, C. M., Hawke, R., Hawking, R. J., Hemingway, C., Hensel, G., Herten, R. D., Heuer, J. C., Hill, K., Hoffman, R. J., Homer, D., Horvath, K. R., Hossain, R., Howard, P., Huntemeyer, P., Igo Kemene, K., Ishii, A., Jawahery, H., Jeremie, C. R., Jone, P., Jovanovic, T. R., Junk, N., Kanaya, J., Kanzaki, G., Karapetian, D., Karlen, V., Kartvelishvili, K., Kawagoe, T., Kawamoto, R. K., Keeler, R. G., Kellogg, B. W., Kennedy, D. H., Kim, K., Klein, A., Klier, S., Kluth, T., Kobayashi, M., Kobel, T. P., Kokott, S., Komamiya, R. V., Kowalewski, T., Kramer, T., Kre, P., Krieger, J., von Krogh, D., Krop, T., Kuhl, M., Kupper, P., Kyberd, G. D., Lafferty, H., Landsman, D., Lanske, I., Lawson, J. G., Layter, A., Lein, D., Lellouch, J., Lett, L., Levinson, J., Lillich, C., Littlewood, S. L., Lloyd, F. K., Loebinger, J., Lu, J., Ludwig, A., Macchiolo, A., Macpherson, W., Mader, S., Marcellini, T. E., Marchant, A. J., Martin, J. P., Martin, G., Martinez, G., Masetti, T., Mashimo, P., Mattig, W. J., Mcdonald, J., Mckenna, T. J., Mcmahon, R. A., Mcpherson, F., Meijer, P., Mendez Lorenzo, W., Menge, F. S., Merritt, H., Me, A., Michelini, S., Mihara, G., Mikenberg, D. J., Miller, S., Moed, W., Mohr, T., Mori, A., Mutter, K., Nagai, I., Nakamura, H. A., Neal, R., Nisiu, S. W., O'Neale, A., Oh, A., Okpara, M. J., Oreglia, S., Orito, C., Pahl, G., Pasztor, J. R., Pater, G. N., Patrick, J. E., Pilcher, J., Pinfold, D. E., Plane, B., Poli, J., Polok, O., Pooth, A., Quadt, K., Rabbertz, C., Rembser, P., Renkel, H., Rick, N., Rodning, J. M., Roney, S., Rosati, K., Roscoe, Y., Rozen, K., Runge, D. R., Rust, K., Sach, T., Saeki, O., Sahr, E. K., G., A. D., Schaile, O., Schaile, P., Scharff Hansen, M., Schroder, M., Schumacher, C., Schwick, W. G., Scott, R., Seuster, T. G., Shear, B. C., Shen, C. H., Shepherd Themistocleou, P., Sherwood, A., Skuja, A. M., Smith, G. A., Snow, R., Sobie, S., Soldner Rembold, Spagnolo, Stefania Antonia, F., Spano, M., Sproston, A., Stahl, K., Stephen, D., Strom, R., Strohmer, L., Stumpf, B., Surrow, S., Tarem, M., Tasevsky, R. J., Taylor, R., Teuscher, J., Thoma, M. A., Thomson, E., Torrence, D., Toya, T., Trefzger, A., Tricoli, I., Trigger, Z., Trocsanyi, E., Tsur, M. F., Turner Watson, I., Ueda, B., Ujvari, B., Vachon, C. F., Vollmer, P., Vannerem, M., Verzocchi, H., Vo, J., Vossebeld, D., Waller, C. P., Ward, D. R., Ward, P. M., Watkin, A. T., Watson, N. K., Watson, P. S., Well, T., Wengler, N., Werme, D., Wetterling, G. W., Wilson, J. A., Wilson, T. R., Wyatt, S., Yamashita, V., Zacek, D., Zer Zion, and OPAL Collaboration

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Higgs boson, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Particle Physics - Experiment, Boson
Abstract

A search for pair-produced doubly charged Higgs bosons has been performed using data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 614 pb-1 collected with the OPAL detector at LEP at centre-of-mass energies between 189GeV and 209GeV. No evidence for a signal has been observed. A mass limit of 98.5GeV/c2 at the 95% confidence level has been set for the doubly charged Higgs particle in left-right symmetric models. This is the first search for doubly charged Higgs bosons at centre-of-mass energies larger than 91GeV., Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures, Submitted to Phys. Lett. B

Published
2002
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23. Surface structuring by laser remelting of metals

Author

Temmler, A., primary, Küpper, M., additional, Walochnik, M. A., additional, Lanfermann, A., additional, Schmickler, T., additional, Bach, A., additional, Greifenberg, T., additional, Oreshkin, O., additional, Willenborg, E., additional, Wissenbach, K., additional, and Poprawe, R., additional

Published
2017
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25. Is the humoral immunity dispensable for the pathogenesis of psoriasis?

Author

Thomas, J., Atenhan, A., Eyerich, S., Küpper, M., Jargosch, M., Baghin, V., Lauffer, F., Biedermann, T., Eyerich, K., Garzorz‐Stark, N., Batra, R., Krause, L., and Theis, F.J.

Abstract

Background: Imbalances of T‐cell subsets are hallmarks of disease‐specific inflammation in psoriasis. However, the relevance of B cells for psoriasis remains poorly investigated. Objective: To analyse the role of B cells and immunoglobulins for the disease‐specific immunology of psoriasis. Methods: We characterized B‐cell subsets and immunoglobulin levels in untreated psoriasis patients (n = 37) and compared them to healthy controls (n = 20) as well as to psoriasis patients under disease‐controlling systemic treatment (n = 28). B‐cell subsets were analysed following the flow cytometric gating strategy based on the surface markers CD24, CD38 and CD138. Moreover, immunofluorescence stainings were used to detect IgA in psoriatic skin. Results: We found significantly increased levels of IgA in the serum of treatment‐naïve psoriasis patients correlating with disease score. However, IgA was only observed in dermal vessels of skin sections. Concerning B‐cell subsets, we only found a moderately positive correlation of CD138+ plasma cells with IgA levels and disease score in treatment‐naïve psoriasis patients. Confirming our hypothesis that psoriasis can develop in the absence of functional humoral immunity, we investigated a patient who suffered concomitantly from both psoriasis and a hereditary common variable immune defect (CVID) characterized by a lack of B cells and immunoglobulins. We detected variants in three of the 13 described genes of CVID and a so far undescribed variant in the ligand of the TNFRSF13B receptor leading to disturbed B‐cell maturation and antibody production. However, this patient showed typical psoriasis regarding clinical presentation, histology or T‐cell infiltrate. Finally, in a group of psoriasis patients under systemic treatment, neither did IgA levels drop nor did plasma cells correlate with IgA levels and disease score. Conclusion: B‐cell alterations might rather be an epiphenomenal finding in psoriasis with a clear dominance of T cells over shifts in B‐cell subsets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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27. Individual-particle analysis of airborne dust samples collected over Morocco in 2006 during SAMUM 1

Author

Scheuvens, D., Kandler, K., Küpper, M., Lieke, K., Zorn, S. R., Ebert, M., Schütz, L., and Weinbruch, S.

Subjects
Atmospheric Science
Abstract

During the course of SAMUM 1 in May and June 2006, airborne samples were collected in southern Morocco at altitudes between 830 and 3340 m above ground. We analysed approximately 22 500 particles of 1–30 μm by automated individual-particle analysis with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyser. The major difference between samples is due to the presence and amount of chlorine- and sulphur-bearing particles, pointing to a varying maritime influence and to different degrees of aging. In contrast, the desert dust component is very homogeneous independent of altitude, activated local source area, and dust storm intensity, implying very fast mixing of the entrained dust with a persistent regional background aerosol. Nevertheless, our study reinforces the usefulness of carbonates and palygorskite as ‘compositional fingerprints’ for mineral dust from source areas in northwestern Africa. The average median aspect ratio of most particle groups is in the range between 1.5 and 1.6. Higher values are found for S- and Cl-dominated particles (except sodium chloride), and internal mixtures of alumosilicates with carbonates or sulphates. Taken together with other studies, a tendency of increasing aspect ratios with longer transport distances can be observed for Saharan dust.DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00554.x

Published
2011
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28. Electron microscopy of particles collected at Praia, Cape Verde, during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment: particle chemistry, shape, mixing state and complex refractive index

Author

Kandler, K., Lieke, K., Benker, N., Emmel, C., Küpper, M., Müller-Ebert, D., Ebert, M., Scheuvens, D., Schladitz, A., Schütz, L., and Weinbruch, S.

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, complex mixtures
Abstract

A large field experiment of the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment (SAMUM) was performed in Praia, Cape Verde, in January and February 2008. The aerosol at Praia is a superposition of mineral dust, sea-salt, sulphates and soot. Particles smaller than 500 nm are mainly mineral dust, mineral dust–sulphate mixtures, sulphates and soot–sulphate mixtures. Particles larger then 2.5 μm consist of mineral dust, sea-salt and few mineral dust–sulphate mixtures. A transition range exists in between. The major internal mixtures are mineral dust–sulphate and soot–sulphate. Mineral dust–sea-salt mixtures occur occasionally, mineral dust–soot mixtures were not observed. The aspect ratio was 1.3–1.4 for dry particles smaller than 500 nm and 1.6–1.7 for larger ones. Parameterizations are given for dry and humid state. Although the real part of the refractive index showed low variation (1.55–1.58 at 532 nm), a multi-modal imaginary part was detected as function of particle size, reflecting the complex composition. Soot mainly influences the absorption for wavelengths longer than the haematite absorption edge, whereas for shorter wavelengths dust is dominating. The refractive index of the aerosol depends on the source region of the mineral dust and on the presence/absence of a marine component.DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00550.x

Published
2011
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31. Cost analyses of chemical micro processing for highly intensified and high-value raw material processes: real business and virtual cases

Author

Hessel, V., Ulrich Krtschil, Löb, P., Löwe, H., Kralisch, D., Kreisel, G., Küpper, M., Schenk, R., and Chemical Reactor Engineering

Abstract

As a result of its rapid development within the last years an increasing commercial interest on micro process engineering is given. Process intensification effects of this novel technology were clearly demonstrated. In this context, a generic cost view needs to be developed. As a first investigation, two generic cost analyses investigate here the profitability for two edge cases. One refers to dominance by raw materials, the other by the operator's salary. Both shares dominate the operational costs of a micro-chemical process, but in a varying extent. The write-downs of the investment costs, mainly consistent of the micro-reaction plant itself and the plant engineering, are of minor relevance. The first case study considered here focused on the synthesis of a high-value fine-chemical intermediate where raw-material costs outpaced even the high operator costs. The process under investigation is an economically conducted fine chemical process of the customized chemical producer AzurChem GmbH, the formation of the 4-cyanophenylboronic acid, using the benefits of micro process technology supplied by IMM GmbH [5] among others. This process was chosen since it is representative for several of this company's manufacturing processes of fine and specialty chemicals. The other study refers to a highly intensified process, the aqueous Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis with reaction times being reduced by three orders of magnitude, from some hours to some tens of seconds [24]. Correspondingly, space-time yield and productivity were increased using this so-called high pressure and high temperature (high-p,T) micro processing concept. For a given productivity, the operator costs are notably reduced for the micro-chemical process as compared to a batch process. A detailed view on the different cost portions will be given and demonstrate how the variable and the total costs change. For both case studies, the impact of process intensification (e.g. by scale-out) and parallel operation (e.g. by numbering-up) are pointed out.

Published
2006

34. Characterization of protein kinase CK2 protein subunits and p53 in F9 teratocarcinoma cells in the absence and presence of cisplatin

Author

Küpper, M, Köster, M, Schmidt-Spaniol, I, Wagner-Gillen, I, and Issinger, O G

Subjects
Teratocarcinoma, animal structures, Protein Conformation, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, fungi, Molecular Sequence Data, Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Neoplasm Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Mice, embryonic structures, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, Cisplatin, Phosphorylation, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Casein Kinase II, Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Abstract

Udgivelsesdato: 1994-null The effect of cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) on the induction of p53 and protein kinase CK2 activity was studied in the mouse teratocarcinoma cell line F9. Treatment of the cells with the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin led to the detection of p53 3 h after addition of the drug. F9 cell extracts treated with and without cisplatin were analyzed by ion exchange chromatography for protein kinase CK2 alpha/beta subunits and p53 distribution. The following results were obtained: (a) in crude extracts of cisplatin-treated cells, CK2 activity was sometimes reduced by as much as 50%; (b) after separation by anionic exchange chromatography (MA7Q, BioRad) of the crude cellular extracts from cisplatin-treated cells, lower CK2 activity was found in the peak fractions confirming the results obtained with crude cellular extracts; (c) besides the detection of CK2 alpha subunit by immunostaining, we have detected, at a concentration of approximately 200 mM NaCl, a protein of approximately 46 kDa which reacted with the CK2 alpha-specific antibody. This fraction was devoid of CK2 activity; and (d) cisplatin-treated cells exhibited p53 protein, which was mostly eluting ahead but also partly together with CK2 holoenzyme.

Published
1994

46. EVOLUTION OF MACROSCOPIC DUST AGGLOMERATES -- IMPLICATIONS FOR PLANETESIMAL GROWTH.

Author

Teiser, J., Engelhardt, I., Küpper, M., and Wurm, G.

Subjects
COSMIC dust, AGGLOMERATION (Materials), PLANETS, IMPACT (Mechanics), COLLISIONS (Physics)
Abstract

The formation of preplanetary bodies is studied in laboratory experiments, especially the growth of decimeter bodies. As these macroscopic bodies are the building blocks for many growth models, it is very important to investigate possible formation processes and the mechanical properties of large dust agglomerates. Here, experimental results on the properties of decimeter-sized dust agglomerates and results of impact experiments at large collision velocities are presented. Fragmentation is a key process to growth at high velocities as energy is dissipated. Growth is observed for velocities up to 56 m/s and impact angles of up to 45°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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47. Increase in granzyme B+ lymphocytes and soluble granzyme B in bronchoalveolar lavage of allergen challenged patients with atopic asthma.

Author

Bratke, K., Böttcher, B., Leeder, K., Schmidt, S., Küpper, M., Virchow, J. C., JR, and Luttmann, W.

Subjects
LYMPHOCYTES, BRONCHOALVEOLAR lavage, IRRIGATION (Medicine), ASTHMA, OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases, CELLS
Abstract

Asthma has been linked to a chronic, T-cell-mediated bronchial inflammation. Because other T-lymphocyte-mediated, chronic inflammatory disorders have been associated with elevated granzyme B (grB) expression we tested the hypothesis that atopic asthma might be associated with elevated grB levels in the bronchoalveolar compartment. Therefore we performed intracellular grB staining in lymphocytes from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) collected 42 h after segmental allergen provocation (SAP) in allergic patients with bronchial asthma. There was a significant increase in CD3+, CD8+, and CD16/56+ lymphocytes expressing grB in BAL 42 h after SAP as compared to saline challenged controls. However, compared to peripheral blood the percentages of these lymphocyte subsets detected as grB+ in BAL remained significantly lower. Measurement of extracellular grB in BAL fluids by a particle immunoassay revealed significantly elevated grB levels in the allergen challenged bronchoalveolar compartment 42 h following SAP in six of the eight patients (range, <1·0–348·1 pg/ml) as compared to saline challenged controls (range, <1·0–70·5 pg/ml). We conclude that total cell numbers of grB+ lymphocyte subsets increase 42 h after SAP in the lower respiratory tract. In addition there is evidence to suggest that grB is released into the airways of asthmatic patients. This suggests a role for grB in the pathophysiological processes following SAP but its definitive role in allergic bronchial asthma needs to be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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48. Search for leptoquarks in electron-photon scattering at √seeup to 209 GeV at LEP

Author

Abbiendi, G., Ainsley, C., Åkesson, P. F., Alexander, G., Allison, J., Anagnostou, G., Anderson, K. J., Arcelli, S., Asai, S., Axen, D., Azuelos, G., Bailey, I., Barberio, E., Barlow, R. J., Batley, R. J., Bechtle, P., Behnke, T., Bell, K. W., Bell, P. J., Bella, G., Bellerive, A., Benelli, G., Bethke, S., Biebel, O., Bloodworm, I. J., Boeriu, O., Bock, P., Böhme, J., Bonacorsi, D., Boutemeur, M., Braibant, S., Brigliadori, L., Brown, R. M., Burckhart, H. J., Cammin, J., Campana, S., Carnegie, R. K., Caron, B., Carter, A. A., Carter, J. R., Chang, C. Y., Charlton, D. G., Clarke, P. E. L., Clay, E., Cohen, I., Couchman, J., Csilling, A., Cuffiani, M., Dado, S., Dallavalle, G. M., Dallison, S., Roeck, A., Woif, E. A., Dervan, P., Desch, K., Dienes, B., Donkers, M., Dubbert, J., Duchovni, E., Duckeck, G., Duerdoth, I. P., Etzion, E., Fabbri, F., Feld, L., Ferrari, P., Fiedler, F., Fleck, I., Ford, M., Frey, A., Fürtjes, A., Futyan, D. I., Gagnon, P., Gary, J. W., Gaycken, G., Geich-Gimbel, C., Giacomelli, G., Paolo Giacomelli, Giunta, M., Goldberg, J., Graham, K., Gross, E., Grunhaus, J., Gruwé, M., Günther, P. O., Gupta, A., Hajdu, C., Hamann, M., Hanson, G. G., Harder, K., Harel, A., Harin-Dirac, M., Hauschild, M., Hauschildt, J., Hawkes, C. M., Hawkings, R., Hemingways, R. J., Hensel, C., Herten, G., Heuer, R. D., Hill, J. C., Hoffman, K., Homer, R. J., Horváth, D., Hossain, K. R., Howard, R., Huntemeyer, P., Igo-Kemenes, P., Ishii, K., Jawahery, A., Jeremie, H., Jones, C. R., Jovanovic, P., Junk, T. R., Kanaya, N., Kanzaki, J., Karapetian, G., Karlen, D., Kartvelishvili, V., Kawagoe, K., Kawamoto, T., Keeler, R. K., Kellogg, R. G., Kennedy, B. W., Kimr, D. H., Kleine, K., Klier, A., Kluth, S., Kobayashi, T., Kobel, M., Kokott, T. P., Komamiya, S., Kowalewski, R. V., Krämer, T., Kress, T., Krieger, P., Krogh, J., Krop, D., Kuhl, T., Küpper, M., Kyberd, P., Lafferty, G. D., Landsman, H., Lanske, D., Lawson, I., Layter, J. G., Leins, A., Lellouch, D., Letts, J., Levinson, L., Lillich, J., Littlewood, C., Lloyd, S. L., Loebinger, F. K., Lu, J., Ludwig, J., Macchiolo, A., Macpherson, A., Mader, W., Marcellini, S., Marchant, T. E., Martin, A. J., Martin, J. P., Martinez, G., Masetti, G., Mashimo, T., Mättig, P., Mcdonald, W. J., Mckenna, J., Mcmahon, T. J., Mcpherson, R. A., Meijers, F., Mendez-Lorenzo, P., Menges, W., Merritt, E. S., Mes, H., Michelini, A., Mihara, S., Mikenberg, G., Miller, D. J., Moed, S., Mohr, W., Mori, T., Mutter, A., Nagai, K., Nakamura, I., Neal, H. A., Nisius, R., O Neale, S. W., Oh, A., Okpara, A., Oreglia, M. J., Orito, S., Pahl, C., Pásztor, G., Pater, J. R., Patrick, G. N., Pilcher, J. E., Pinfold, J., Plane, D. E., Poli, B., Polok, J., Pooth, O., Quadt, A., Rabbertz, K., Rembser, C., Renkel, P., Rick, H., Rodning, N., Roney, J. M., Rosati, S., Roscoe, K., Rozen, Y., Runge, K., Rust, D. R., Sachs, K., Saeki, T., Sahr, O., Sarkisyan, E. K. G., Schaue, A. D., Schaue, O., Scharff-Hansen, P., Schröder, M., Schumacher, M., Schwick, C., Scott, W. G., Seuster, R., Shears, T. G., Shen, B. C., Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. H., Sherwood, P., Skuja, A., Smith, A. M., Snow, G. A., Sobie, R., Söldner-Rembold, S., Spagnolo, S., Spano, F., Sproston, M., Stahl, A., Stephens, K., Strom, D., Ströhmer, R., Stumpf, L., Surrow, B., Tarem, S., Tasevsky, M., Taylor, R. J., Teuscher, R., Thomas, J., Thomson, M. A., Torrence, E., Toya, D., Trefzger, T., Tricoli, A., Trigger, I., Trócsányi, Z., Tsur, E., Turner-Watson, M. F., Ueda, I., Ujvári, B., Vachon, B., Vollmer, C. F., Vannerem, P., Verzocchi, M., Voss, H., Vossebeld, J., Waller, D., Ward, C. P., Ward, D. R., Watkins, P. M., Watson, A. T., Watson, N. K., Wells, P. S., Wengler, T., Wermes, N., Weiterung, D., Wilson, G. W., Wilson, J. A., Wyatt, T. R., Yamashita, S., Zacek, V., and Zer-Zion, D.

49. Probing the potential of structured and surface functionalized tools for dry cold forging of aluminium

Author

Teller Marco, Ross Ingo, Prünte Stephan, Temmler André, Küpper Moritz, Poprawe Reinhart, Schneider Jochen M., and Hirt Gerhard

Subjects
Tribology, cold forming, aluminium, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

In order to reduce friction and wear in cold forging of aluminium and its alloys a tremendous amount of lubricants is used. The main task of the liquid lubricants is the separation of tool and workpiece surfaces to avoid adhesion and abrasion. From an ecological and economical point of view, a reduction of the consumption of lubricants is meaningful. Novel surface modification techniques have been investigated to enable dry cold forming. In previous work, a reduced wear by adhesion of aluminium to an AISI H11 ESR tool steel surface was detected for a combination of laser polishing and a subsequent surface functionalization. Here, structured surfaces combined with surface functionalization are investigated regarding their wear behaviour. Therefore, different structures are realized on AISI H11 ESR tool steel surfaces by laser structuring. These structures are aligned parallel and perpendicular to the material flow direction. Furthermore, different structure depths are generated. It is evident that the laser induced surface melting causes both, a reduced micro roughness as well as a homogenized elementary distribution. Moreover, the surfaces are functionalized with an octadecylphosphonic acid selfassembled monolayer (C18PA-SAM). The SAM’s distal alkyl termini functionalize the tool steel surface und thus only weak van-der-Waals interactions are present in the aluminium-tool steel interface rendering an interaction, which is expected to be similar to the interaction in conventionally lubricated aluminium forming. Finally, the surfaces are appraised regarding their wear behaviour in a compression-torsion-wear tribometer. The different experimental results document the potential of the here investigated combined tool surface modification. Although, the performance of a lubricated process is not completely reached a reduction in friction and wear can be achieved compared to unmodified tools.

Published
2018
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50. Generation of human antibody fragments against Streptococcus mutans using a phage display chain shuffling approach

Author

Barth Stefan, Ma Julian KC, Spiegel Holger, Huhn Michael, Kupper Michael B, Fischer Rainer, and Finnern Ricarda

Subjects
Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Abstract

Abstract Background Common oral diseases and dental caries can be prevented effectively by passive immunization. In humans, passive immunotherapy may require the use of humanized or human antibodies to prevent adverse immune responses against murine epitopes. Therefore we generated human single chain and diabody antibody derivatives based on the binding characteristics of the murine monoclonal antibody Guy's 13. The murine form of this antibody has been used successfully to prevent Streptococcus mutans colonization and the development of dental caries in non-human primates, and to prevent bacterial colonization in human clinical trials. Results The antibody derivatives were generated using a chain-shuffling approach based on human antibody variable gene phage-display libraries. Like the parent antibody, these derivatives bound specifically to SAI/II, the surface adhesin of the oral pathogen S. mutans. Conclusions Humanization of murine antibodies can be easily achieved using phage display libraries. The human antibody fragments bind the antigen as well as the causative agent of dental caries. In addition the human diabody derivative is capable of aggregating S. mutans in vitro, making it a useful candidate passive immunotherapeutic agent for oral diseases.

Published
2005
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