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The discovery of immunotherapy led to understand the major role of immune system during the tumor process. Conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy, are directly tumoricidal. New drugs are developed to target specifically the immune system to make it regain its ability to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. Radiotherapy is used for a long time for its local action, but its systemic role, based on its impact on immunity, is now better known. Breast cancer was wrongly considered poorly immunogenic and put aside the amazing progress in this new area of treatment. In this article, we would like to present the pre-clinical and clinical rationales to associate immunotherapy to radiotherapy in the management of breast cancer.

Radiation therapy plays a central role in treatment strategies of cervical cancer. Follow-up after external pelvic radiation therapy and brachytherapy is based upon French and international specific recommendations. It aims to assess early tumour response, and to detect local or metastatic recurrences which can be suitable for salvage treatment. Follow-up after radiation therapy for cervical cancer should also assess gastro-intestinal, urinary and sexual toxicities which may have an impact on quality of life. This is a major concern in the evaluation of the results of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and MRI-guided brachytherapy, which should lead to a better local control and to a better bowel tolerance.

The incidence of brain metastases from breast cancer is increasing with diagnosis and therapeutics progress, especially with systemic therapies. The occurrence of multiple brain metastases remains a delicate situation when surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery are not indicated, nor available. Treatment strategy is based on the patient's general condition and extracranial disease status. Whole brain radiation therapy remains the gold standard local treatment but its efficacy is limited with a median overall survival of 6 months. New strategies are needed for increasing survival and patients' quality of life. Combining radiation therapy and chemotherapy has been a subject of interest. This article sums up the different radiotherapy plus concomitant systemic therapies combinations for the treatment of brain metastases from breast cancer.