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Aim: The present study was undertaken to determine which fatty acids improve motility, viability, and increase acrosome reaction (AR) in boar spermatozoa.

Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of amino acids and their dipeptides in the medium related to the urea cycle on the motility, viability, acrosome reaction (AR) and accumulation of ammonia in the medium over different incubation periods in porcine spermatozoa and to assess the utilization of glucose.

Selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit-E), as integral parts of antioxidant systems, play important roles for sperm and embryos in vitro. In this study, the effects of Se and Vit-E on the maturation, in vitro fertilization and culture to blastocysts of porcine oocytes and accumulation of ammonia in the culture medium during different development stages were investigated. The maturation was performed in modified tissue culture medium (mTCM)-199 supplemented with 10% (v/v) porcine follicular fluid, the fertilization medium was modified Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate (mTALP), and the embryo culture medium was modified North Carolina State University (mNCSU)-23. Se in the form of sodium selenite (SS) and seleon-L-methionine (SeMet) and Vit-E at different concentrations were also used. The incorporation and oxidation of (14)C(U)-glucose were assessed with a liquid scintillation counter. In this study, SeMet and SeMet+Vit-E increased oocyte maturation, fertilization and incorporation and oxidation of (14)C(U)-glucose significantly (P

Selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit-E), as an integral part of antioxidant systems, play an important role in the motility and acrosome reaction (AR) of mammalian spermatozoa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Se and Vit-E on motility, viability, AR and accumulation of ammonia in the culture medium during different incubation periods in porcine sperm. Sperm samples were washed, swum-up and incubated at 37°C for 1 and 3 h in Sp-TALP medium supplemented with sodium selenite (SS), seleon l-methionine (SeMet) and Vit-E in the presence or absence of ammonia. Sperm motility was determined on the basis of movement quality examined by phase microscopy. Viability and AR of spermatozoa were assessed by Hoechst 33258 and chlortetracycline (CTC) staining technique, and accumulation of ammonia was measured by the indophenol method. The incorporation of 14C(U)-glucose was assessed with a liquid scintillation counter. In experiment 1, the sperm motility, viability, AR and incorporation of 14C(U)-glucose increased significantly (P

Purpose Differentiation of endometrial stromal cells into decidual cells occurs during embryo implantation and pregnancy. Recently, it has been reported that relaxin affects the decidualization of cultured human endometrial cells in vitro; however, there has been no study on the decidualization of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). The authors demonstrated artificially induced decidualization, and the effect of relaxin on decidualization in gerbils.

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of amino acids and their dipeptides in the medium related to the urea cycle on the motility, viability, acrosome reaction (AR) and accumulation of ammonia in the medium over different incubation periods in porcine spermatozoa and to assess the utilization of glucose. Porcine spermatozoa were washed, swim-up and incubated at 37°C for 0–4 h in mTALP medium supplemented with 75–600 μmol/L ammonia. Amino acids (1.0 mmol) or their dipeptides (2.0 mmol) were added individually to the mTALP medium containing either no ammonia or 300 μmol/L of ammonia. The viability and AR of porcine spermatozoa were assessed using the triple-staining technique and the accumulation of ammonia in the medium was measured using the indophenol method. The motility viability and AR were adversely affected (P < 0.05) by concentrations of ammonia ≥300 μmol/L compared with the control. Supplementation of L-alanyl-L-glutamine (AlaGln), L-glycyl-L-glutamine (GlyGln) and AlaGln + GlyGln in the presence of 300 μmol/L ammonia significantly increase (P < 0.05) the rate of motility, viability, AR, incorporation, accumulation of ammonia and oxidation of 14C(U)-glucose compared with the ammonia supplement control. AlaGln and GlyGln in mTALP medium were more stable and effective than the individual amino acids in reducing the accumulation of ammonia, and subsequently increasing the rate of AR and the utilization of glucose in porcine spermatozoa.

Aim: The present study was undertaken to determine which fatty acids improve motility, viability, and increase acrosome reaction (AR) in boar spermatozoa. Methods: Boar spermatozoa were washed, swum-up and incubated at 37°C for 4 h in TALP medium supplemented with myristic, palmitic, stearic, lignoceric, oleic, linoleic, arachidonic, docosahexaenoic and palmitoleic acid. Sperm motility, viability and AR were evaluated during 4 h of incubation. Results: Results show that oleic and linoleic acid significantly improved (P

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of relaxin on motility, acrosome reaction (AR), viability and utilization of glucose in fresh and frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa. Both semen samples were washed twice through centrifugation (5 min at 600 g), and preincubated for 1 h at 39°C for swim up. The swim-up separated spermatozoa were resuspended in a sperm Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate (Sp-TALP) medium containing 0 (control) and 40 ng/mL porcine relaxin and incubated for 0–6 h. Sperm motility was determined on the basis of movement quality examined by a phase contrast microscope. Sperm viability and AR were evaluated by using the triple staining technique. The incorporation and oxidation of 14C-glucose was assessed by a liquid scintillation counter. Motility was improved (P

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Rhodobacter capsulatus on the laying hen. A total of forty 23-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly assigned into 4 treatment groups (10 laying hens/group) and fed diets supplemented with 0 (control), 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04% R. capsulatus during the 60-d feeding period. Dietary supplementation of R. capsulatus (0.04%) reduced (P < 0.05) cholesterol and triglycerides concentration in serum (15 and 11%), as well as in egg-yolk (13 and 16%) over a 60-d feeding period. Cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations in serum as well as egg-yolk were changed linearly in accordance with increasing levels of dietary R. capsulatus. Supplementation of R. capsulatus in diets increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and decreased (P < 0.05) atherogenic index in serum. Yolk color was improved (P < 0.05) in the group fed the 0.04% R. capsulatus supplemented diet compared with the control group. Hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced (P < 0.05) by 0.04% R. capsulatus. Moreover, the supplementation of R. capsulatus in layer diets did not appear to cause any adverse effects on egg production, shell weight, shell thickness, Haugh unit, yolk index, and feed conversion efficiency compared with the same parameters for the control laying hens. It is postulated that known and unknown factors are present in R. capsulatus presumably responsible for the hypocholesterolemic effect on laying hens. Therefore, the dietary supplementation of R. capsulatus may lead to the development of low-cholesterol chicken eggs as demanded by health-conscious consumers.

Relaxin has an important role in stimulating motility and the acrosome reaction (AR) of fresh boar spermatozoa. The objective of the present study was to determine whether relaxin can improve the motility, AR and viability of cryopreserved boar spermatozoa. Cryopreserved boar spermatozoa were thawed, washed and incubated at 37°C for 4 h in modified Beltsville thawing solution supplemented with 0, 20 or 40 ng/mL relaxin. Sperm motility, AR, viability, and incorporation and oxidation of 14C-glucose were evaluated during 0–04 h of incubation. The results show that the supplementation of relaxin (especially at 20 ng/mL) in the thawing solution improved sperm motility significantly (P 0.05) improved by supplementation with relaxin. The rates of incorporation and oxidation of 14C-glucose were increased in correlation with AR up to 4 h of incubation. We conclude that relaxin can improve the sperm motility and AR, and enhance the glucose metabolism of cryopreserved boar spermatozoa.

Relaxin is a peptide hormone found in seminal plasma that has a physiological influence on sperm motility in some species. There are no reports on the effect of relaxin on acrosome reaction and utilization of glucose in boar spermatozoa. In this study, to investigate the effects of relaxin on sperm motility, acrosome reaction, and incorporation and oxidation of labeled glucose, boar spermatozoa were washed and preincubated for swim-up and then incubated (0-6 h) with 0, 20, or 40 ng/ml relaxin in mTALP medium. The results indicated that the addition of relaxin stimulated sperm motility significantly (P

An experiment was conducted to investigate pH, osmolality, and the concentration of ammonia, total protein, glutamine and glutamic acid in follicular fluid at different developmental stages (

The effects of amino acids and dipeptides on in vitro production of porcine embryos and accumulation of ammonia in culture medium during developmental stages were examined in this study. The maturation, fertilization and development of embryonic cultures were performed in modified Tissue culture medium (mTCM)-199 supplemented with 10% (v/v) porcine follicular fluid, modified Tyrode’s albumin lactate pyruvate (mTALP) medium, and modified North Carolina State University (mNCSU)-23 medium, respectively. In addition, amino acids and dipeptides of different concentrations and combinations were used to treat the embryos. The addition of L-alanyl-L-glutamine (AlnGln)+L-glycyl-L-glutamine (GlyGln) significantly (p

Selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit-E), as integral parts of antioxidant systems, play important roles for sperm and embryos in vitro. In this study, the effects of Se and Vit-E on the maturation, in vitro fertilization and culture to blastocysts of porcine oocytes and accumulation of ammonia in the culture medium during different development stages were investigated. The maturation was performed in modified tissue culture medium (mTCM)-199 supplemented with 10% (v/v) porcine follicular fluid, the fertilization medium was modified Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate (mTALP), and the embryo culture medium was modified North Carolina State University (mNCSU)-23. Se in the form of sodium selenite (SS) and seleon-L-methionine (SeMet) and Vit-E at different concentrations were also used. The incorporation and oxidation of (14)C(U)-glucose were assessed with a liquid scintillation counter. In this study, SeMet and SeMet+Vit-E increased oocyte maturation, fertilization and incorporation and oxidation of (14)C(U)-glucose significantly (P0.05) compared with the control and other treatments. In addition, embryo development, specifically in terms of the numbers of morulae and blastocysts, significantly increased (P0.05) with SeMet and SeMet+Vit-E. In contrast, the accumulation of ammonia was reduced with SeMet and SeMet+Vit-E compared with other treatments. These findings indicate that SeMet and SeMet+Vit-E may play important roles in reducing the accumulation of ammonia and subsequently in increasing the rate of maturation of porcine oocytes and fertilization, as well as development of the blastocyst and utilization of glucose in in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture to blastocysts of porcine oocytes.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing fructose in the culture medium on in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and metabolism of porcine oocytes.Porcine oocytes were matured in vitro in modified North Carolina State University 37 medium (NCSU-37) and then supplemented with either glucose (5.5 mM), fructose (5.5 mM), or glucose (2.75 mM) plus fructose (2.75 mM). The maturation and fertilization of oocytes, and the incorporation and oxidation ofThe supplementation of glucose plus fructose significantly promoted (Glucose plus fructose supplementation improved maturation, penetration by spermatozoa, male pronuclear formation, and energy metabolism by porcine oocytes.

Generally, river flow can be schematized as compound meandering channel in which the longitudinal velocity distributions in the crossover and bend section are completely different and quite intricate. Engineers, Planners and Researchers are highly interested in predicting accurately as well as estimating quantitatively and reliably the longitudinal velocity distribution in a compound meandering channel. A laboratory experiment has been conducted in a compound meandering channel with symmetric cross-sections having floodplain width ratios (B/b) of 1.00, 1.67, 2.33, 3.00 and depth ratios (H-h)/h of 0.20, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40 using the large-scale open air facility in the Department of Water Resources Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka. Point velocity data have been collected using an ADV (Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meter) for different depth and width ratio at five different locations of a compound meandering channel. The traditional power law represents a vertical distribution of longitudinal velocity in open channel with maximum value at free surface and with zero at the channel bed. But the velocity distribution in the type of natural or laboratory compound meandering channel does not follow such velocity distribution. The longitudinal velocity distribution of a compound meandering channel shows two characteristics for all cases and depth ratios. In the bend section, velocity increases in the inner bend (convex) and decreases in the outer bend (concave). Similar nature is observed in the floodplain boundary for all cases and depth ratios. In the crossover of a compound meandering channel, velocity increases towards the mid-section and decreases in the boundary of the channel.

The present investigation was done in the esterase gene expression analysis of the Red Jungle fowl Gallus gallus of Bangladesh utilizing the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) technique. Each allele produces a biochemical message that helps to produce various protein phenotypes those were expressed in the form of bands on the polyacrylamide gel bed. Altogether four different esterase bands were recorded in both Red Jungle (RJ) fowl and Naked Neck (NN) fowl of Bangladesh. These were denoted as Est-1 (2), Est-2(1), Est-3 (21) and Est-4 (13) based on the relative mobility on the gel. Among them Est-2 is very common in almost all tissues. Comparing the esterase in both genetic groups, their expression intensity even the relative mobility provided a unique feature that they were similar. The investigation indicates that esterase gene between the Red Jungle fowl and Naked Neck fowl of Bangladesh has a close relationship. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v38i1-2.9908 BJAS 2009; 38(1-2): 15-21

The present study was undertaken to measure estrus response (%), interval to estrus (hr), duration of estrus and conception rate (%) after synchronization in Black Bengal does. Synchronization of estrus was done by intramuscular injection of synthetic PGF 2α as dinoprost ® . Two trials were conducted with twenty cyclic fertile adult Black Bengal does. The age and body weight of the does were between 18 to 21 months and 11-13 kg, respectively. After synchronization all the does were observed closely up to 48 hours to note the estrus behavior. All the signs or behavior of synchronized estrus were recorded in details. Out of 20 does, 19 does showed behavioral signs of heat and expressed estrus behavior after synchronizing with synthetic PGF 2α as dinoprost ® injection. The behavioral estrus was found after 45.5 hours and 45 hours injected with 2 ml and 1 ml dinoprost ® , respectively. The duration of estrus was recorded 51 hours and 23 hours for does treated with 2 ml and 1 ml dinoprost ® , respectively. The conception rate was observed 42.86% and 40.00% treated with 2 ml and 1 ml, respectively. From the result of this study it can be concluded that synchronization of estrus with 1 ml of dinoprost ® , may be used for inducing estrus of Black Bengal doe under Bangladesh condition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v38i1-2.9907 BJAS 2009; 38(1-2): 7-14

Naked neck fowl ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) comprises one of the indigenous chicken populations in Bangladesh. The present investigation was conducted to study the polymorphic pattern of the estrase isozyme in different tissues of the fowl by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) system. In this experiment, α-napthyle and β-napthyle acetate were used as substrate. Esterase variability of different samples of fore brain, mid brain, hind brain, heart brain, liver, testis, oesophagus, gizzard, bile ducts, proventiculus, small intestine, large intestine pectoral muscle, pelvic muscle, lung, eye, kidney, pancreas, body muscle and blood cells were examined. Altogether four esterase bands were observed and the bands were designated as Esterase Est-1 2.0 , Est-2 1.0 Est-3 0.75 and Est-4 0.15 . Among the four bands Est-1 was the fastest and placed near to anode (+) electrode. Esterase showed tissue specific variation. Est-2 was found in almost all tissues, whereas Est-1 was observed only in liver. Est-3 and Est-4 were expressed exclusively in the nervous system especially in brain. Such findings may provide basic information to analyze the esterase activity in different tissues. Keywords: Esterase; Isozyme; Naked neck fowl; Tissue DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6398 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 51-55, 2010