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目的 评估伊沙佐米、来那度胺、地塞米松（IRd）方案治疗复发/难治多发性骨髓瘤（MM）的疗效及安全性。 方法 纳入2018年7月至2020年5月于国内14个中心接受至少1个周期IRd方案治疗的复发/难治MM患者。除7例起始剂量作调整的患者以外，其余患者伊沙佐米起始剂量为4 mg。来那度胺剂量根据患者肌酐清除率进行调整。每周期进行疗效及安全性评估。 结果 共纳入74例患者，中位年龄65岁，11例（14.9％）患者曾接受>三线治疗。总体反应率（ORR）为54.1％（40/74），其中7例（9.5％）达严格意义的完全缓解或完全缓解，14例（18.9％）达非常好的部分缓解，19例（25.7％）达部分缓解，中位无进展生存时间为9.9月，中位总生存时间为20个月，中位获得反应时间为1个月。总体疗效与生存结果与TOURMALINE-MM1中国延展性研究（TOURMALINE-MM1 CCS）相近。硼替佐米难治、来那度胺难治、两药均难治患者的ORR分别为52.0％（13/25）、57.1％（4/7）和33.3％（6/18）。3～4级不良事件（AE）发生率为36.5％（27/74）。主要血液学不良反应为贫血、血小板减少、淋巴细胞减少及中性粒细胞减少。主要非血液学不良反应为乏力、消化道症状及感染。2例患者出现3级周围神经病变。与不符合TOURMALINE-MM1 CCS试验入组标准的患者相比，符合入组标准的患者ORR更高［77.8％（14/18）对46.4％（26/56），P＝0.020］，两组3～4级AE发生率的差异无统计学意义［33.3％（6/18）对37.5％（21/56），P＝0.749］。 结论 IRd方案治疗复发/难治MM具有较好的疗效及安全性。

To campare the effect and tolerance beween intensified myeloablative conditioning regime (IMCR) without antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and myeloablative conditioning regime (MCR) for single-unit unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation (sUCBT) in hematological malignancies.The clinical data of 190 patients with hematological malignancies undergoing sUCBT between April 2000 and December 2013 at Department of Hematology, Anhui Provincial Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, of whom 156 received IMCR without ATG (IMCR group), including 79 patient receiving total body irradiation (TBI)/cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)/cyclophosphamide (CY) regime, 47 receiving fludarabine (Flu)/busulfan (Bu)/CY regime, and 30 receiving Ara-C/Bu/CY regime, and all of the 156 received a combination of cyclosporine A (CsA) and mycophelonate mofetil (MMF) for the prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD); the remaining 34 patients received MCR (MCR group), 30 patients receiving Bu/CY regime, and 4 receiving TBI/CY regime, all using CsA/MMF±ATG or methotrexate (MTX) for the prophylaxis of GVHD. The two groups were compared in disease status at the time of transplantation, characteristics of graft, transplantation effect, and transplantation-related complications.There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in gender, disease type, human leukocyte antigen match, ABO blood type match, and disease status at the time of transplantation (all P0.05). The median age and body weight at transplantation in the IMCR group were significantly higher than those in the MCR group (13 years vs 9 years, P=0.003; 44 kg vs 26 kg, P=0.000). The median doses of infused total nucleated cells (×10(7)/kg) and CD34(+) cells (×10(5)/kg) in the IMCR group were significantly lower than in the MCR group (3.87 vs 4.99, P=0.002; 2.00 vs 3.17, P=0.000). The cumulative incidence of myeloid engraftment on the 42th day and platelet engraftment on the 120th day in the IMCR group were remarkably higher than in the MCR group [96.33%(95%CI: 96.27%-96.39%)vs 82.30%(95%CI: 80.67%-83.93%), P=0.000; 86.44%(95%CI: 86.28%-86.60%)vs 51.17%(95%CI: 49.02%-53.32%), P=0.002]. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of grade Ⅱ to Ⅳ acute GVHD, grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ acute GVHD, and 2-year chronic GVHD(P=0.482, 0.928, 0.579). The incidence of pre-engraftment syndrome in the IMCR group was higher than in the MCR group(82.70% vs 47.06%, P=0.000). And 180-day transplantation-related mortality (TRM) in the IMCR group was lower than that in the MCR group [20.50%(95%CI: 20.28%-20.71%)vs 42.20% (95%CI: 41.32%-45.09%), P=0.004]. Up to October 2015, with a median follow-up of 44.2(22.7-188.9)months, the estimated 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival in the IMCR group were both significantly higher than those in the MCR group (62.90% vs 34.10%, P=0.000; 58.60% vs 34.10%, P=0.001).IMCR without ATG may improve the engraftment without increasing complications, reduce early transplantation-related mortality, and improve survival.

To analyze the characteristics of distribution and drug resistance of bacterial infection in several different parts of hematology department inpatients of Anhui Provincial Hospital from January 2010 to December 2014, including patients who had received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Anti-microbial susceptibility test was done by Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems and the data were analysed by WHONET 5.6 software.A total of 3 312 copies of inspection samples were analyzed, including 2 716 (82%) blood samples and other 596 specimens (18%). 634 bacterial strains were isolated from 3 312 samples (19.14%) including 488 samples (76.97%) from blood culture. 427 (67.35%) bacterial strains were gram-negative, and the other 207 (32.65%) were gram-positive. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were most common gram-negative bacterial and the resistant rates to imipenem were 0.8%, 11.8% and 3.3%, respectively. Detection rates of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 83.9% and 75.0%, respectively. At the same time, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus were most common kinds of gram-positive bacteria. Methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococcus accounted for 65.9% antibiotic resistance. No vancomycin and/or linezolid and/or tigecycline resistant strains of Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. were found in those patients.Patients with hematology diseases had a higher risk of bacterial infections, mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria. There are different distributions of bacterial in different wards.

The domain of nuclei situated far from the line of b stability has always been an arena of numerous experimental pursuits and a testing ground for new theoretical models. With radioactive beams on the horizon, the physics of nuclei with an excess of neutrons or protons has become one of the focal points of nuclear physics. These nuclei define the very limits of nuclear existence and will be susceptible to phenomena associated with low binding energy, such as halos, skins, or mixing between bound and continuum states. The proton separation energy decreases with decreasing neutron number. Proton-rich nuclei, which have a negative proton separation energy and are, thus, situated beyond the proton drip-line, can spontaneously emit protons. The proton decay rate is governed by the energy and orbital angular momentum of the emitted proton. It also depends on the wave function of the proton-decaying state, which is determined by the shape of the nuclear potential and by residual interactions between valence nucleons. Most of the known proton emitters have decay rates consistent with the assumption of a spherical potential. The recent experimental

The majority of experiments performed during the 2-year long stay of GAMMAS-PHERE at the Argonne National Laboratory aimed to study proton-rich nuclei far from the line of stability at and beyond the proton drip-line. A high reaction channel selectivity was required to assign in-beam {gamma}-ray transitions to weakly populated exotic nuclei in the presence of background from strong reaction channels. In many of the experiments this was achieved by using the Argonne fragment mass analyzer to separate heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reaction products from scattered beam and disperse them according to their mass-over-charge-state ratio. For medium mass and heavy a and proton emitters the Recoil-Decay Tagging method was implemented. In-beam {gamma}-ray transitions were observed in several proton emitters between Z=50 and Z=82. Among others, rotational bands were assigned to {sup 141}Ho and {sup 131}Eu. A quadruple deformation of {beta}=0.25(4) was deduced for the ground state in {sup 141}Ho from the extracted dynamic moment of inertia. Based on observed band crossings and signature splittings the 7/2{sup {minus}} [523] and 1/2{sup +}[411] configurations were proposed for the ground state and the isomeric state, respectively. Comparison with particle-rotor calculations indicates, however, that {sup 141}Ho may have significant hexadecapole deformation and could be triaxial.

The entry distribution in angular momentum and excitation energy for the formation of {sup 254}No has been measured after the {sup 208}Pb( {sup 48}Ca, 2 n) reaction at 215 and 219 MeV. This nucleus is populated up to spin 22({Dirac_h}/2{pi}) and excitation energy (greater-or-similar sign)6 MeV above the yrast line, with the half-maximum points of the energy distributions at {approx}5 MeV for spins between 12({Dirac_h}/2{pi}) and 22({Dirac_h}/2{pi}) . This suggests that the fission barrier is (greater-or-similar sign)5 MeV and that the shell-correction energy persists to high spin. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.

The ground-state band of the Z=102 isotope {sup 254}No has been identified up to spin 14, indicating that the nucleus is deformed. The deduced quadrupole deformation, {beta}=0.27 , is in agreement with theoretical predictions. These observations confirm that the shell-correction energy responsible for the stability of transfermium nuclei is partly derived from deformation. The survival of {sup 254}No up to spin 14 means that its fission barrier persists at least up to that spin. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society }

The level structures of several Ru isotopes near $A=104$ have been studied in the fission of the compound nucleus ${}^{197}\mathrm{Pb},$ formed in the ${}^{24}{\mathrm{Mg}\mathrm{}+}^{173}\mathrm{}\mathrm{Yb}$ reaction at 134.5 MeV. A sequence of five transitions, observed in coincidence with known transitions in the ${}^{86}\mathrm{Sr}$ and ${}^{87}\mathrm{Sr}$ complementary fragments, has been assigned to ${}^{105}\mathrm{Ru}.$ Comparison with the neighboring odd-mass Ru isotopes supports assignment of this sequence as built on the ${h}_{11/2}$ excitation in ${}^{105}\mathrm{Ru}.$ The positive-parity band built on the ${7/2}^{+}$ state of ${}^{103}\mathrm{Ru}$ has been extended above the backbending induced by the alignment of two ${h}_{11/2}$ neutrons. In addition, the ground-state bands of ${}^{104}\mathrm{Ru}$ and ${}^{106}\mathrm{Ru}$ have been extended to higher spins.

Excited states in the nucleus ${}^{191}\mathrm{Pb}$ have been investigated by in-beam \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray spectroscopic techniques using the Gammasphere array. The reaction ${}^{173}\mathrm{Yb}{(}^{24}\mathrm{Mg},6n)$ at a beam energy of 134.5 MeV was used to populate states of ${}^{191}\mathrm{Pb}.$ The level scheme of ${}^{191}\mathrm{Pb}$ has been extended up to 5.1 MeV excitation energy and spin $45/2.$ The lower part (below $\ensuremath{\approx}2.3\mathrm{MeV}$) presents the general features common in all odd-mass Pb isotopes, i.e., spherical states built on the ${13/2}^{+}$ isomer, with bandlike structures that follow weak-coupling expectations. In the upper part of the level scheme two dipole bands are observed with bandhead energies of $\ensuremath{\sim}2.512$ and 2.291 MeV. A comparison of dipole band 1 with the strongest negative-parity dipole bands in the heavier odd-mass Pb isotopes reveals striking similarities. The spherical states are interpreted as the coupling of the ${i}_{13/2}$ neutron hole to the yrast states in the even-mass ${}^{192}\mathrm{Pb}$ core. The dipole bands are interpreted as $M1$ cascades which arise from the coupling of two protons in high-$j$ orbitals above the $Z=82$ gap to neutron holes in the ${i}_{13/2}$ orbital.

The {sup 173}Yb({sup 24}Mg,5n) reaction at E({sup 24}Mg) = 134.5 MeV with a gold-backed target was used to populate high-angular momentum states in {sup 192}Pb. Resulting {gamma} rays were detected with Gammasphere located at the 88-Inch Cyclotron. A discrete transition of energy E{sub {gamma}} = 2057.7(6) keV has been identified in the depopulation the yrast superdeformed (SD) band in {sup 192}Pb. This transition has been tentatively placed in the level scheme based on coincidence relationships. Thus, the excitation energy of the SD level populated by the 262-keV in-band transition is tentatively assigned E{sub x} = 4.572(1) MeV. Confidence limits are discussed. Other transitions in coincidence with the SD band and general features of the band and its decay are also presented. In particular, we confirm that the J{sup (2)} of the SD band decreases by {approx}13{percent} at the lowest frequency. Also, by comparing the masses of the SD ground states in {sup 192,194}Pb to liquid drop model expectations and to each other we have been able to confirm enhanced stability for N=112 at superdeformation. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

The yrast superdeformed band in {sup 194}Pb has been populated using the {sup 174}Yb({sup 25}Mg,5n){sup 194}Pb reaction at E{sub beam}=130 MeV. Decay {gamma} rays were detected using the GAMMASPHERE array at the 88-Inch Cyclotron. Twelve {gamma}-ray transitions have been observed directly linking three members of the {sup 194}Pb yrast superdeformed band to low-lying normal deformed levels. Anisotropy measurements indicate that these linking decays include E1, M1, and mixed M1/E2 multipolarities. The radiative widths deduced are very inhibited, typically B(E1){approximately}10{sup {minus}8} Weisskopf units (W.u.) and B(M1){approximately}10{sup {minus}5} W.u. Without recourse to {ital a priori} assumptions J{sup {pi}}=6{sup +} and E{sub x}=4878.4(3) keV have been unambiguously assigned to the lowest-lying observed superdeformed state (the state populated by the 170-keV intraband transition). The intensity of the observed primaries accounts for 21(2){percent} of the superdeformed band population. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

Excitations in {sup 192}Po have been studied via in-beam {gamma}-ray spectroscopy following the {sup 164}Er + 164 MeV {sup 32}S reaction. The experiment was performed at the ATLAS facility using ten Compton-suppressed Ge detectors and the Fragment Mass Analyzer. The {alpha} decay of {sup 192}Po has been used to identify prompt {gamma}-ray transitions by means of the recoil decay tagging technique. The first three excited states of {sup 192}Po were established. The particle-core model has been successfully used to model these excitations and the quasiparticle random phase approximation has been applied to extract microscopic wave functions of the 2{sub 1}{sup +} states. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

We adopt the scenario of radio pulsar evolution proposed by Ruderman and his coworkers, in which pulsars evolving in different phases radiate characteristic gamma-ray spectra. The neutron star spins down until the outer magnetosphere e ± -pair production and current flow are quenched and the magnetic dipole radiation torque aligns the dipole with the spin axis. Such aligned dead pulsars can be reignited by transient thermal X-ray emission from the stellar surface; thermal energy released, say, during glitches. The resultant gamma-ray spectra are used to fit several observed hard gamma-ray burst spectra, and provide a consistent fit. The amount of e ± -pairs produced during the process is calculated, and is large enough to cause the annihilation-line features observed in some of the bursts

Excited states in the proton-rich $N=84$ isotones ${}_{72}^{156}{\mathrm{Hf}}_{84},\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{}_{73}^{157}{\mathrm{Ta}}_{84}$, and ${}_{74}^{158}{W}_{84}$ were observed using $^{102}\mathrm{Pd}(^{58}\mathrm{Ni},\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathit{xp}2n)$ reactions at 270 MeV. \ensuremath{\gamma} rays were detected with the Gammasphere array of Compton-suppressed Ge detectors coupled with the Argonne fragment mass analyzer and were assigned to individual reaction channels using the recoil-decay tagging method. Prompt \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray cascades were associated with the \ensuremath{\alpha} decay of both the ground state and the ${8}^{+}$ isomeric state in $^{156}\mathrm{Hf}$, the ${h}_{11/2}$ state in $^{157}\mathrm{Ta}$, and the ${8}^{+}$ isomeric state in $^{158}\mathrm{W}$. The level schemes constructed for $^{156}\mathrm{Hf},^{157}\mathrm{Ta}$, and $^{158}\mathrm{W}$ are compared with these of lighter $N=84$ isotones and are discussed within the framework of the shell model.

Superdeformed excitations in $^{195}\mathrm{Pb}$ were populated via the $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}$($^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$,$5n$) reaction, and \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray spectroscopy measurements were made with Gammasphere. Analysis of the intensities of the discrete transitions between superdeformed states indicates that the decay out occurs from the favored band of the lowest signature pair. The quasicontinuous spectra associated with the decay of superdeformed bands in $^{195}\mathrm{Pb}$ have been extracted for both signatures. The onset of \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray intensity and the normalized \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray intensity of the quasicontinuum decay spectrum are used to set a lower bound of 2.5 MeV at $\ensuremath{\sim}11\ensuremath{\hbar}$ for superdeformed excitation energy relative to normal deformed excitations in $^{195}\mathrm{Pb}$.

Proton-decay studies led in recent years to the observation of about 20 new proton emitters. Among others, first two cases of highly deformed proton emitters, namely 131Eu and 141Ho, were reported [1]. Also, the first case of proton-decay fine structure was found in 131Eu [2]. In this work the studies of the deformed proton emitters 131Eu and 141Ho were extended to their excited states using in-beam spectroscopic methods. The experiments were performed at the Argonne National Laboratory using the GAMMASPHERE array of Ge detectors coupled to the Fragment Mass Analyzer. Partial results from this study has been published in [3]. There were no data on excited states in 131Eu and 141Ho prior to this work. Nothing is known on their immediate neighbors. The quadrupole deformation calculated by Moller and Nix for 141Ho is about β2 = 0.29. According to the proton-decay rate calculations [4] half-lives of the two know proton-decaying states in 141Ho are consistent with the 7/2−[523] and 1/2+[411] Nilsson orbitals at this deformation. 131Eu is expected to be even more deformed with β2 = 0.33. Its proton-decay rate and branching ratio to the 2+ state are consistent with the 3/2+[411] orbital.

The quasicontinuous decay spectrum of superdeformed excitations in 195Pb has been extracted. The slow increase of intensity as Eγ decreases is consistent with a level density of normal deformed excitations at ∼ 11ℏ with no gap parameter.

The 270-MeV {sup 58}Ni+{sup 102}Pd reaction was used for the first recoil-decay tagging measurement with Gammasphere coupled to the Fragment Mass Analyzer at Argonne National Laboratory. Level structures of {sup 155}Yb, {sup 156}Lu, and {sup 157}Lu, as well as the excited states associated with the 25/2{sup -} isomer in {sup 155}Lu, are identified for the first time. The systematical behavior of the energy levels is compared with that of neighboring isotones and isotopes. The attractive interaction between h{sub 11/2} protons and h{sub 9/2} neutrons plays an important role in the structure of {sup 155}Yb and {sup 155,156}Lu.

The 270-MeV {sup 58}Ni+{sup A}Pd reaction was used for the first recoil-decay tagging measurement with Gammasphere coupled to the Fragment Mass Analyzer at Argonne National Laboratory. Level structures of {sup 158}Hf and {sup 159}Hf are identified for the first time, and that of {sup 160}Hf is extended. The systematical behavior of the energy levels in neighboring isotones and isotopes, as well as the aligned angular momenta as a function of rotational frequency, are examined. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.

The quasicontinuous spectra associated with the decay of the superdeformed bands in {sup 192,194}Pb have been extracted. The rapid rise in the {gamma}-ray intensity in these spectra for E{sub {gamma}}(less-or-similar sign)1.8 MeV is interpreted to arise from the dramatic increase in level density above the energy gap for even-even nuclei. This energy gap has been found to be {approx_equal}0.95(10) MeV at 6({Dirac_h}/2{pi}) in {sup 194}Pb and (approx =)0.4{sub -0.1}{sup +0.4} MeV at 10({Dirac_h}/2{pi}) in {sup 192}Pb. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.

The last five years have witnessed a rapid increase in the volume of data on proton decaying nuclei. The path was led by decay studies with recoil mass separators equipped with double-sided Si strip detectors. The properties of many proton-decaying states were deduced, which triggered renewed theoretical interest in the process of proton decay. The decay experiments were closely followed by in-beam {gamma}-ray studies which extended one's knowledge of high-spin states of proton emitters. The unparalleled selectivity of the Recoil-Decay Tagging method combined with the high efficiency of large arrays of Ge detectors allowed, despite small cross sections and overwhelming background from strong reaction channels, the observation of excited states in several proton emitters. Recently, in-beam studies of the deformed proton emitters {sup 141}Ho and {sup 131}Eu have been performed with the GAMMASPHERE array of Ge detectors and the Fragment Mass Analyzer at ATLAS. Evidence was found for rotational bands in {sup 141}Ho and {sup 131}Eu. The deformations and the single-particle configurations proposed for the proton emitting states from the earlier proton-decay studies were confronted with the assignments deduced based on the in-beam data. It should be noted that the cross section for populating {sup 131}Eu is only about 50 nb, and it represents the weakest channel ever studied in an in-beam experiment.

The ground-state band of the Z=102 isotope 254No has been identified up to spin 14, indicating that the nucleus is deformed. The deduced quadrupole deformation, β=0.27, is in agreement with theoretical predictions. These observations confirm that the shell-correction energy responsible for the stability of transfermium nuclei is partly derived from deformation. The survival of 254No up to spin 14 means that its fission barrier persists at least up to that spin.

We assume that the centers of some active galactic nuclei consists of a supermassive non‐rotating black hole surrounded by a magnetized, cool Keplerian disk and a magnetosphere which is resembling that found surrounding a magnetic neutron star in an accreting binary system. Flux tubes passing through two differential rotation regions could result in a large potential drop along the B‐field lines. Electrons are expected to accelerate and radiate curvature photons. These curvature photons are energetic enough to produce secondary e± pairs in collisions with the ambient infrared photons. These secondary pairs will radiate synchrotron photons in a wide energy range but only those photons with energies in the range of 10 GeV and below can escape from the ambient UV and soft X‐ray photon field. The γ‐ray spectral index is luminosity dependent, but the X‐ray spectral index is very insensitive to the luminosity. We use 3C279 and 3C273 to illustrate our model.

We adopt the scenario of the evolution of radio pulsars proposed by Ruderman and his co‐workers, in which the model pulsars evolve in different phases radiate a characteristic γ‐ray spectrum. The neutron star will spin down to some extent that the outer magnetosphere e± pair production and current flow are quenched, the star’s magnetic dipole radiation torque will align its dipole with the spinning axis. Such aligned dead pulsars can be reignited by a transient thermal x‐ray emission from the stellar surface. The resulting γ‐ray spectra are used to fit several observed hard γ‐ray spectra and provide a consistent fit. The amount of e± pairs produced during the process is calculated and is large enough to cause the annihilation line features of some of the bursts. It is concluded that re‐ignition of nearby dead pulsars can be one of the possible sources of producing γ‐ray bursts.

Prompt, in-beam γ rays in coincidence with evaporation residues were measured in the 164,166Er + 164 MeV 32S reactions. A level scheme built on the 13/2+ isomer has been deduced from four transitions assigned to 191Pb. The states in 191Pb are interpreted in terms of a weak coupling of the odd i13/2 neutron-hole to the spherical states in the even-mass 192Pb core.

We consider a mechanism by which most of the magnetic field in the core of a spinning-down neutron star can be driven out from the core on a time scale of a few million years but will leave a residual field ≥10 8 G on the Hubble time scale (∼3×10 10 yr). Such a driving force arises from the fact that the magnetized vortices of the 3 P 2 neutron superfluid are effectively pinned by the magnetic fluxoids of the 1 S 0 proton superconducting fluid

The magnetized vortex lines of the 3 P 2 paired neutron superfluid are effectively pinned by the magnetic energy barriers produced by the flux tubes of the 1 S 0 paired proton superconducting fluid. The stellar crust and the core superfluid can be coupled primarily via thermal vortex creep against the barriers. The postglitch relaxation of the core superfluid is studied by using the thermal vortex creep model in the limit where the motion of flux tubes is slow compared with that of the vortex lines

The production mechanisms of medium-energy γ-rays from accreting X-ray pulsars are studied. The models concern electrons accelerated in strongly shielded accelerators above the inner part of the accretion disk whose energies are limited by curvature radiation reaction. The curvature photons are sufficiently energetic to produce secondary e ± pairs in collisions with the hard X-rays from the accretion shock front above the neutron star surface outside the acceleration regions, which are shielded from X-rays

High-spin states of several isotopes in the mass A ≈ 100 region have been investigated following the fission of compound nuclei formed in three heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reactions. New sequences have been assigned to 91Sr, 107Ru, and 113, 115, 117, 119Cd isotopes using the complementary fission fragment technique. The ground-state bands have been extended to higher spins in 114, 116, 118, 120Cd. The level schemes of 88, 90, 92Sr and 101Tc have been considerably enriched. The plethora of results demonstrates the efficiency in which spectroscopic information can be collected on nuclei near the line of stability or slightly neutron-rich from studies of fission fragments following fusion-evaporation reactions. The prompt γ-ray intensity distributions of the fragments following the fission of the 197Pb compound nucleus are reported. The empirical distributions as a function of Z and A are not reproduced by expected yields of symmetric fission. Rather these distributions reflect the selectivity of Gammasphere to detect collective nuclei and to study high-spin excitations in fission fragments.