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1. Shipborne observations of black carbon aerosols in the western Arctic Ocean during summer and autumn 2016–2020: impact of boreal fires

Author

Y. Deng, H. Tanimoto, K. Ikeda, S. Kameyama, S. Okamoto, J. Jung, Y. J. Yoon, E. J. Yang, and S.-H. Kang

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Black carbon (BC) aerosol is considered one of the most important contributors to rapid climate warming as well as snow and sea ice melting in the Arctic, yet the observations of BC aerosols in the Arctic Ocean have been limited due to infrastructural and logistical difficulties. We observed BC mass concentrations (mBC) using light absorption methods on board the icebreaker R/V Araon in the Arctic Ocean (< 80° N and 166° E to 156° W) as well as the North Pacific Ocean in summer and early autumn of 2016–2020. The levels, interannual variations, and pollution episodes of mBC in the Arctic were examined, and the emission sources responsible for the high-BC episodes were analyzed with global chemistry-transport-model simulations. The average mBC in the surface air over the Arctic Ocean (72–80° N) observed by the 2019 cruise exceeded 70 ng m−3, which was substantially higher than that observed by cruises in other years (approximately 10 ng m−3). The much higher mBC observed in 2019 was perhaps due to more frequent wildfires occurring in the Arctic region than in other years. The model suggested that biomass burning contributed most to the observed BC by mass in the western Arctic Ocean and the marginal seas. For these 5 years, we identified 10 high-BC episodes north of 65° N, including one in 2018 that was associated with co-enhancements of CO and CH4 but not CO2 and O3. The model analysis indicated that certain episodes were attributed to BC-containing air masses transported from boreal fire regions to the Arctic Ocean, with some transport occurring near the surface and others in the mid-troposphere. This study provides crucial datasets on BC mass concentrations and the mixing ratios of O3, CH4, CO, and CO2 in the western Arctic Ocean regions, and it highlights the significant impact of boreal fires on the observed Arctic BC during the summer and early autumn months.

Published
2024
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3. Mixed-phase direct numerical simulation: ice growth in cloud-top generating cells

Author

S. Chen, L. Xue, S. Tessendorf, K. Ikeda, C. Weeks, R. Rasmussen, M. Kunkel, D. Blestrud, S. Parkinson, M. Meadows, and N. Dawson

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

In this study, a state-of-the-art microphysical model using a Lagrangian-particle-based direct numerical simulation framework is presented to examine the growth of ice particles in turbulent mixed-phase clouds. By tracking the interactions between individual ice, droplets, and turbulence at the native scales, the model offers new insights into the microphysical processes taking place in mixed-phase clouds at sub-meter-length scales. This paper examines the conditions that favor effective ice growth in the cloud-top generating cells (GCs), which are small regions of enhanced radar reflectivity near cloud tops. GCs are commonly observed in many types of mixed-phase clouds and play a critical role in producing precipitation from rain or snow. Investigations over a range of environmental (macrophysical and turbulent) and microphysical conditions (ice number concentrations) that distinguish GCs from their surrounding cloudy air were conducted. Results show that high liquid water content (LWC) or high relative humidity (RH) is critical for effective ice growth and the maintenance of mixed-phase conditions. As a result, GCs with high LWC and high RH provide favorable conditions for rapid ice growth. When the ice number concentration is below 1 cm−3, which is typical in mixed-phase clouds, a high LWC is needed for the formation of large ice particles. The study also found that supersaturation fluctuations induced by small-scale turbulent mixing have a negligible effect on the mean particle radius, but they can substantially broaden the size spectra, affecting the subsequent collection process.

Published
2023
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4. Overview of Large Helical Device experiments of basic plasma physics for solving crucial issues in reaching burning plasma conditions

Author

K. Ida, M. Yoshinuma, M. Kobayashi, T. Kobayashi, N. Kenmochi, F. Nespoli, R.M. Magee, F. Warmer, A. Dinklage, A. Matsuyama, R. Sakamoto, T. Nasu, T. Tokuzawa, T. Kinoshita, K. Tanaka, N. Tamura, K. Nagaoka, M. Nishiura, Y. Takemura, K. Ogawa, G. Motojima, T. Oishi, Y. Morishita, J. Varela, W.H.J. Hayashi, M. Markl, H. Bouvain, Y. Liang, M. Leconte, D. Moseev, V.E. Moiseenko, C.G. Albert, I. Allfrey, A. Alonso, F.J. Arellano, N. Ashikawa, A. Azegami, L. Bardoczi, M. van Berkel, M. Beurskens, M.W. Binderbaue, A. Bortolon, S. Brezinsek, R. Bussiahn, A. Cappa, D. Carralero, I.C. Chan, J. Cheng, X. Dai, D.J. Den Hartog, C.P. Dhard, F. Ding, A. Ejiri, S. Ertmer, T. Fornal, K. Fujita, Y. Fujiwara, H. Funaba, L. Garcia, J.M. Garcia-Regana, I. Garcia-Cortés, I.E. Garkusha, D.A. Gates, Y. Ghai, E.P. Gilson, H. Gota, M. Goto, E.M. Green, V. Haak, S. Hamaguchi, K. Hanada, H. Hara, D. Hartmann, Y. Hayashi, T. Henning, C. Hidalgo, J. Hillairet, R. Hutton, T. Ido, H. Igami, K. Ikeda, S. Inagaki, A. Ishizawa, S. Ito, M. Isobe, Y. Isobe, M. Ivkovic, Z. Jiang, J. Jo, S. Kamio, H. Kasahara, D. Kato, Y. Katoh, Y. Kawachi, Y. Kawamoto, G. Kawamura, T. Kawate, Ye.O. Kazakov, V. Klumper, A. Knieps, W.H. Ko, S. Kobayashi, F. Koike, Yu.V. Kovtun, M. Kubkowska, S. Kubo, S.S.H. Lam, A. Langenberg, H. Laqua, S. Lazerson, J. Lestz, B. Li, L. Liao, Z. Lin, R. Lunsford, S. Masuzaki, H. Matsuura, K.J. McCarthy, D. Medina-Roque, O. Mitarai, A. Mollen, C. Moon, Y. Mori, T. Morisaki, S. Morita, K. Mukai, I. Murakami, S. Murakami, T. Murase, C.M. Muscatello, K. Nagasaki, D. Naujoks, H. Nakano, M. Nakata, Y. Narushima, A. Nagy, J.H. Nicolau, T. Nishizawa, S. Nishimoto, H. Nuga, M. Nunami, R. Ochoukov, S. Ohdachi, J. Ongena, M. Osakabe, N.A. Pablant, N. Panadero, B. Peterson, J. de la Riva Villén, J. Romazanov, J. Rosato, M. Rud, S. Sakakibara, H.A. Sakaue, H. Sakai, I. Sakon, M. Salewski, S. Sangaroon, S. Sereda, T. Stange, K. Saito, S. Satake, R. Seki, T. Seki, S. Sharapov, A. Shimizu, T. Shimozuma, G. Shivam, M. Shoji, D.A. Spong, H. Sugama, Z. Sun, C. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, T. Tajima, E. Takada, H. Takahashi, K. Toi, Y. Tsuchibushi, N. Tsujii, K. Tsumori, T.I. Tsujimurai, G. Ueno, H. Uehara, J.L. Velasco, E. Wang, K.Y. Watanabe, T. Wauter, U. Wenzel, M. Yajima, H. Yamada, I. Yamada, K. Yanagihara, H. Yamaguchi, R. Yanai, R. Yasuhara, M. Yokoyama, Y. Yoshimura, M. Zarnstorff, M. Zhao, G.Q. Zhong, Q. Zhou, S. Ziaei, LHD Experiment Group, and the W7-X Team

Subjects
Large Helical Device, basic plasma physics, burning plasma, wave–particle interaction, ion mixing, turbulence spreading, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Recently, experiments on basic plasma physics issues for solving future problems in fusion energy have been performed on a Large Helical Device. There are several problems to be solved in future devices for fusion energy. Emerging issues in burning plasma are: alpha-channeling (ion heating by alpha particles), turbulence and transport in electron dominant heating helium ash exhaust, reduction of the divertor heat load. To solve these problems, understanding the basic plasma physics of (1) wave–particle interaction through (inverse) Landau damping, (2) characteristics of electron-scale (high- k ) turbulence, (3) ion mixing and the isotope effect, and (4) turbulence spreading and detachment, is necessary. This overview discusses the experimental studies on these issues and turbulent transport in multi-ion plasma and other issues in the appendix.

Published
2024
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6. A novel procedure for transoral resection for retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in head and neck cancer recurrence

Author

S. Ohba, M. Fujimaki, M. Kojima, Y. Suzuki, K. Ikeda, and F. Matsumoto

Subjects
Retropharyngeal lymph node, Transoral endoscopic video assisted surgery, Transoral robotic surgery, ICG fluorescence, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Background: The challenge in surgical treatment for retro-pharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) metastasis is to safely and reliably reach the parapharyngeal space and ensure removal of lesions while preserving the surrounding vitally important structure. The transoral approach has the shortest reach to the lesion, but has a narrow field of view and a small working space. Although there have been some recent reports of transoral robotic surgery (TORS), we have performed transoral RPLN dissection using an endoscope that is extremely cost-effective and often used in otolaryngology. In this study, we report a technique and the usefulness of endoscopic video-assisted transoral dissection of RPLNs in head and neck cancer patients. Methods: A case series of patients undergoing endoscopic video-assisted transoral RPLN dissection was conducted from April 2012 to March 2020. The surgical technique, local control and complications were examined. Results: Six patients underwent transoral endoscopic video-assisted transoral dissection of RPLN. The pathology was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 4 patients and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in two patients. No postoperative complication was observed. No local recurrence was seen. Conclusion: Using an endoscope that otolaryngologists are accustomed to handling, endoscopic video-assisted transoral dissection of RPLN was performed safely and with a good field of view. The identification of the tumor localization by indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence method was also effective. Compared to TORS, it costs less and is considered to be an effective technique that can be performed without the need for special equipment.

Published
2022
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7. Predictors of Survival After Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in South America: The InterCHANGE Study

Author

Renata Abrahão, Sandra Perdomo, Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto, Flávia Nascimento de Carvalho, Fernando Luis Dias, José Roberto V. de Podestá, Sandra Ventorin von Zeidler, Priscila Marinho de Abreu, Marta Vilensky, Raul Eduardo Giglio, José Carlos Oliveira, Matinair Siqueira Mineiro, Luiz P. Kowalski, Mauro K. Ikeda, Mauricio Cuello, Andres Munyo, Paula A. Rodríguez-Urrego, José Antonio Hakim, David Alfonso Suarez-Zamora, Federico Cayol, Marcelo Fernando Figari, Javier Oliver, Valerie Gaborieau, Ruth H. Keogh, Paul Brennan, and Maria Paula Curado

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

PURPOSEHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) incidence is high in South America, where recent data on survival are sparse. We investigated the main predictors of HNSCC survival in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Colombia.METHODSSociodemographic and lifestyle information was obtained from standardized interviews, and clinicopathologic data were extracted from medical records and pathologic reports. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used for statistical analyses.RESULTSOf 1,463 patients, 378 had a larynx cancer (LC), 78 hypopharynx cancer (HC), 599 oral cavity cancer (OC), and 408 oropharynx cancer (OPC). Most patients (55.5%) were diagnosed with stage IV disease, ranging from 47.6% for LC to 70.8% for OPC. Three-year survival rates were 56.0% for LC, 54.7% for OC, 48.0% for OPC, and 37.8% for HC. In multivariable models, patients with stage IV disease had approximately 7.6 (LC/HC), 11.7 (OC), and 3.5 (OPC) times higher mortality than patients with stage I disease. Current and former drinkers with LC or HC had approximately 2 times higher mortality than never-drinkers. In addition, older age at diagnosis was independently associated with worse survival for all sites. In a subset analysis of 198 patients with OPC with available human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 data, those with HPV-unrelated OPC had a significantly worse 3-year survival compared with those with HPV-related OPC (44.6% v 75.6%, respectively), corresponding to a 3.4 times higher mortality.CONCLUSIONLate stage at diagnosis was the strongest predictor of lower HNSCC survival. Early cancer detection and reduction of harmful alcohol use are fundamental to decrease the high burden of HNSCC in South America.

Published
2020
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8. Rapid reduction in black carbon emissions from China: evidence from 2009–2019 observations on Fukue Island, Japan

Author

Y. Kanaya, K. Yamaji, T. Miyakawa, F. Taketani, C. Zhu, Y. Choi, Y. Komazaki, K. Ikeda, Y. Kondo, and Z. Klimont

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

A long-term, robust observational record of atmospheric black carbon (BC) concentrations at Fukue Island for 2009–2019 was produced by unifying the data from a continuous soot monitoring system (COSMOS) and a Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP). This record was then used to analyze emission trends from China. We identified a rapid reduction in BC concentrations of (-5.8±1.5) % yr−1 or −48 % from 2010 to 2018. We concluded that an emission change of (-5.3±0.7) % yr−1, related to changes in China of as much as −4.6 % yr−1, was the main underlying driver. This evaluation was made after correcting for the interannual meteorological variability (IAV) by using the regional atmospheric chemistry model simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models (collectively WRF/CMAQ) with the constant emissions. This resolves the current fundamental disagreements about the sign of the BC emissions trend from China over the past decade as assessed from bottom-up emission inventories. Our analysis supports inventories reflecting the governmental clean air actions after 2010 (e.g., MEIC1.3, ECLIPSE versions 5a and 6b, and the Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 3.1) and recommends revisions to those that do not (e.g., Community Emissions Data System – CEDS). Our estimated emission trends were fairly uniform across seasons but diverse among air mass origins. Stronger BC reductions, accompanied by a reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, occurred in regions of south-central East China, while weaker BC reductions occurred in north-central East China and northeastern China. Prior to 2017, the BC and CO emissions trends were both unexpectedly positive in northeastern China during winter months, which possibly influenced the climate at higher latitudes. The pace of the estimated emissions reduction over China surpasses the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs with reference to SSP1, specifically) scenarios for 2015–2030, which suggests highly successful emission control policies. At Fukue Island, the BC fraction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) also steadily decreased over the last decade. This suggests that reductions in BC emissions started without significant delay when compared to other pollutants such as NOx and SO2, which are among the key precursors of scattering PM2.5.

Published
2020
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9. FLEXPART v10.1 simulation of source contributions to Arctic black carbon

Author

C. Zhu, Y. Kanaya, M. Takigawa, K. Ikeda, H. Tanimoto, F. Taketani, T. Miyakawa, H. Kobayashi, and I. Pisso

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The Arctic environment is undergoing rapid changes such as faster warming than the global average and exceptional melting of glaciers in Greenland. Black carbon (BC) particles, which are a short-lived climate pollutant, are one cause of Arctic warming and glacier melting. However, the sources of BC particles are still uncertain. We simulated the potential emission sensitivity of atmospheric BC present over the Arctic (north of 66∘ N) using the FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle) Lagrangian transport model (version 10.1). This version includes a new aerosol wet removal scheme, which better represents particle-scavenging processes than older versions did. Arctic BC at the surface (0–500 m) and high altitudes (4750–5250 m) is sensitive to emissions in high latitude (north of 60∘ N) and mid-latitude (30–60∘ N) regions, respectively. Geospatial sources of Arctic BC were quantified, with a focus on emissions from anthropogenic activities (including domestic biofuel burning) and open biomass burning (including agricultural burning in the open field) in 2010. We found that anthropogenic sources contributed 82 % and 83 % of annual Arctic BC at the surface and high altitudes, respectively. Arctic surface BC comes predominantly from anthropogenic emissions in Russia (56 %), with gas flaring from the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Komi Republic being the main source (31 % of Arctic surface BC). These results highlight the need for regulations to control BC emissions from gas flaring to mitigate the rapid changes in the Arctic environment. In summer, combined open biomass burning in Siberia, Alaska, and Canada contributes 56 %–85 % (75 % on average) and 40 %–72 % (57 %) of Arctic BC at the surface and high altitudes, respectively. A large fraction (40 %) of BC in the Arctic at high altitudes comes from anthropogenic emissions in East Asia, which suggests that the rapidly growing economies of developing countries could have a non-negligible effect on the Arctic. To our knowledge, this is the first year-round evaluation of Arctic BC sources that has been performed using the new wet deposition scheme in FLEXPART. The study provides a scientific basis for actions to mitigate the rapidly changing Arctic environment.

Published
2020
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11. Development of Electromagnetic Levitation System for Thin Steel Plates with Electromagnets and Permanent Magnets for Levitation Support (Experimental Consideration of Vibration Characteristics of Levitated Steel Plates)

Author

S. Kayama, Y. Ichikawa, T. Nagayoshi, S. Kawamura, K. Ogawa, D. Uchino, K. Ikeda, T. Kato, A. Endo, T. Narita, and H. Kato

Subjects
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Instrumentation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published
2023

17. Magnetic anisotropy of the van der Waals ferromagnet Cr_{2}Ge_{2}Te_{6} studied by angular-dependent x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

Author

M. Suzuki, B. Gao, G. Shibata, S. Sakamoto, Y. Nonaka, K. Ikeda, Z. Chi, Y.-X. Wan, T. Takeda, Y. Takeda, T. Koide, A. Tanaka, M. Kobayashi, S.-W. Cheong, and A. Fujimori

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The van der Waals ferromagnet Cr_{2}Ge_{2}Te_{6} (CGT) has a two-dimensional crystal structure where each layer is stacked through van der Waals force. We have investigated the nature of the ferromagnetism and the weak perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of CGT by means of x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) studies of CGT single crystals. The XMCD spectra at the Cr L_{2,3} edge for different magnetic field directions were analyzed on the basis of the cluster-model multiplet calculation. The Cr valence is confirmed to be 3+ and the orbital magnetic moment is found to be nearly quenched, as expected for the high-spin t_{2g}^{3} configuration of the Cr^{3+} ion. A large (∼0.2 eV) trigonal crystal-field splitting of the t_{2g} level caused by the distortion of the CrTe_{6} octahedron has been revealed, while the single-ion anisotropy (SIA) of the Cr atom is found to have a sign opposite to the observed PMA and too weak compared to the reported anisotropy energy. The present result suggests that anisotropic exchange coupling between the Cr atoms through the ligand Te 5p orbitals having strong spin-orbit coupling has to be invoked to explain the weak PMA of CGT, as in the case of the strong PMA of CrI_{3}.

Published
2022
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18. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author

Jitendra PS. Sawhney, Veerappa A. Kothiwale, Vikas Bisne, Rajashekhar Durgaprasad, Praveen Jadhav, Manoj Chopda, Velam Vanajakshamma, Ramdhan Meena, Govindan Vijayaraghavan, Kamaldeep Chawla, Jagan Allu, Karen S. Pieper, A. John Camm, Ajay K. Kakkar, Jean-Pierre Bassand, David A. Fitzmaurice, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Sylvia Haas, Werner Hacke, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Frank Misselwitz, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Martin van Eickels, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Gloria Kayani, Keith A.A. Fox, Bernard J. Gersh, Hector Lucas Luciardi, Harry Gibbs, Marianne Brodmann, Frank Cools, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Alex Spyropoulos, John Eikelboom, Ramon Corbalan, Dayi Hu, Petr Jansky, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany Ragy, Pekka Raatikainen, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Harald Darius, Matyas Keltai, Sanjay Kakkar, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo Agnelli, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Yukihiro Koretsune, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan Atar, Janina Stepinska, Elizaveta Panchenko, Toon Wei Lim, Barry Jacobson, Seil Oh, Xavier Viñolas, Marten Rosenqvist, Jan Steffel, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Ali Oto, Alex Parkhomenko, Wael Al Mahmeed, David Fitzmaurice, D.Y. Hu, K.N. Chen, Y.S. Zhao, H.Q. Zhang, J.Z. Chen, S.P. Cao, D.W. Wang, Y.J. Yang, W.H. Li, Y.H. Yin, G.Z. Tao, P. Yang, Y.M. Chen, S.H. He, Ying Wang, Yong Wang, G.S. Fu, X. Li, T.G. Wu, X.S. Cheng, X.W. Yan, R.P. Zhao, M.S. Chen, L.G. Xiong, P. Chen, Y. Jiao, Y. Guo, L. Xue, F.Z. Wang, H. Li, Z.M. Yang, C.L. Bai, J. Chen, J.Y. Chen, X. Chen, S. Feng, Q.H. Fu, X.J. Gao, W.N. Guo, R.H. He, X.A. He, X.S. Hu, X.F. Huang, B. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Y.H. Li, T.T. Liu, W.L. Liu, Y.Y. Liu, Z.C. Lu, X.L. Luo, T.Y. Ma, J.Q. Peng, X. Sheng, X.J. Shi, Y.H. Sun, G. Tian, K. Wang, L. Wang, R.N. Wu, Q. Xie, R.Y. Xu, J.S. Yang, L.L. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Ye, H.Y. Yu, J.H. Yu, T. Yu, H. Zhai, Q. Zhan, G.S. Zhang, Q. Zhang, R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, W.Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, Z.H. Zhou, X.Y. Zhu, S. Kakkar, J.P.S. Sawhney, P. Jadhav, R. Durgaprasad, A.G. Ravi Shankar, R.K. Rajput, K. Bhargava, R. Sarma, A. Srinivas, D. Roy, U.M. Nagamalesh, M. Chopda, R. Kishore, G. Kulkarni, P. Chandwani, R.A. Pothiwala, M. Padinhare Purayil, S. Shah, K. Chawla, V.A. Kothiwale, B. Raghuraman, G. Vijayaraghavan, V.M. Vijan, G. Bantwal, V. Bisne, A. Khan, J.B. Gupta, S. Kumar, D. Jain, S. Abraham, D. Adak, A. Barai, H. Begum, P. Bhattacharjee, M. Dargude, D. Davies, B. Deshpande, P. Dhakrao, V. Dhyani, S. Duhan, M. Earath, A. Ganatra, S. Giradkar, V. Jain, R. Karthikeyan, L. Kasala, S. Kaur, S. Krishnappa, A. Lawande, B. Lokesh, N. Madarkar, R. Meena, P. More, D. Naik, K. Prashanth, M. Rao, N.M. Rao, N. Sadhu, D. Shah, M. Sharma, P. Shiva, S. Singhal, S. Suresh, V. Vanajakshamma, S.G. Panse, Y. Koretsune, S. Kanamori, K. Yamamoto, K. Kumagai, Y. Katsuda, K. Sadamatsu, F. Toyota, Y. Mizuno, I. Misumi, H. Noguchi, S. Ando, T. Suetsugu, M. Minamoto, Hiroshi Oda, K. Shiraishi, S. Adachi, K. Chiba, H. Norita, M. Tsuruta, T. Koyanagi, H. Ando, T. Higashi, K. Okada, S. Azakami, S. Komaki, K. Kumeda, T. Murayama, J. Matsumura, Y. Oba, R. Sonoda, K. Goto, K. Minoda, Y. Haraguchi, H. Suefuji, H. Miyagi, H. Kato, Tadashi Nakamura, Tsugihiro Nakamura, H. Nandate, R. Zaitsu, Yoshihisa Fujiura, A. Yoshimura, H. Numata, J. Ogawa, H. Tatematsu, Y. Kamogawa, K. Murakami, Y. Wakasa, M. Yamasawa, H. Maekawa, S. Abe, H. Kihara, S. Tsunoda, Katsumi Saito, Kazuyuki Saito, T. Fudo, K. Obunai, H. Tachibana, I. Oba, T. Kuwahata, S. Higa, M. Gushiken, T. Eto, H. Yoshida, D. Ikeda, Yoshitake Fujiura, M. Ishizawa, M. Nakatsuka, K. Murata, C. Ogurusu, M. Shimoyama, M. Akutsu, I. Takamura, F. Hoshino, N. Yokota, T. Iwao, K. Tsuchida, M. Takeuchi, Y. Hatori, Y. Kitami, Yoichi Nakamura, R. Oyama, M. Ageta, Hiroyuki Oda, Y. Go, K. Mishima, T. Unoki, S. Morii, Yuhei Shiga, H. Sumi, T. Nagatomo, K. Sanno, K. Fujisawa, Y. Atsuchi, T. Nagoshi, T. Seto, T. Tabuchi, M. Kameko, K. Nii, K. Oshiro, H. Takezawa, S. Nagano, N. Miyamoto, M. Iwaki, Yuichiro Nakamura, M. Fujii, M. Okawa, Masahiko Abe, Masatake Abe, Mitsunori Abe, T. Saito, T. Mito, K. Nagao, J. Minami, T. Mita, I. Sakuma, T. Taguchi, S. Marusaki, H. Doi, M. Tanaka, T. Fujito, M. Matsuta, T. Kusumoto, S. Kakinoki, K. Ashida, N. Yoshizawa, J. Agata, O. Arasaki, M. Manita, M. Ikemura, S. Fukuoka, H. Murakami, S. Matsukawa, Y. Hata, T. Taniguchi, T. Ko, H. Kubo, M. Imamaki, M. Akiyama, M. Inagaki, H. Odakura, T. Ueda, Y. Katsube, A. Nakata, H. Watanabe, M. Techigawara, M. Igarashi, K. Taga, T. Kimura, S. Tomimoto, M. Shibuya, M. Nakano, K. Ito, T. Seo, S. Hiramitsu, H. Hosokawa, M. Hoshiai, M. Hibino, K. Miyagawa, Hajime Horie, N. Sugishita, Yukio Shiga, A. Soma, K. Neya, Tetsuro Yoshida, Tomoki Yoshida, M. Mizuguchi, M. Ishiguro, T. Minagawa, M. Wada, H. Mukawa, F. Okuda, S. Nagasaka, Y. Abe, Sen Adachi, Susumu Adachi, T. Adachi, K. Akahane, T. Amano, K. Aoki, T. Aoyama, H. Arai, S. Arima, T. Arino, H. Asano, T. Asano, J. Azuma, T. Baba, T. Betsuyaku, H. Chibana, H. Date, J. Doiuchi, Y. Emura, M. Endo, Y. Fujii, R. Fujiki, A. Fujisawa, Y. Fujisawa, T. Fukuda, T. Fukui, N. Furukawa, T. Furukawa, W. Furumoto, T. Goto, M. Hamaoka, N. Hanazono, K. Hasegawa, T. Hatsuno, Y. Hayashi, K. Higuchi, K. Hirasawa, H. Hirayama, M. Hirose, S. Hirota, M. Honda, Hideki Horie, T. Ido, O. Iiji, H. Ikeda, K. Ikeda, K. Ikeoka, M. Imaizumi, H. Inaba, T. Inoue, F. Iseki, A. Ishihara, N. Ishioka, N. Ito, T. Iwase, H. Kakuda, J. Kamata, H. Kanai, H. Kanda, M. Kaneko, H. Kano, T. Kasai, T. Kato, Y. Kato, Y. Kawada, K. Kawai, K. Kawakami, S. Kawakami, T. Kawamoto, S. Kawano, J. Kim, T. Kira, H. 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Sterry, T. Wong, M. Boon, R. Bunney, R. Haria-Shah, R.T. Baron, S. Davies, T. Schatzberger, N. Hargreaves, T. Stephenson, H. Choi, R. Batson, L. Lucraft, T. Myhill, S. Estifano, D. Geatch, J. Wilkinson, R. Veale, K. Forshaw, T. Davies, K. Zaman, P. Vinson, C. Liley, M. Bandrapalli, P. McGinty, R. Wastling, P. McEleny, A. Beattie, P. Cooke, M. Wong, J. Gunasegaram, M. Pugsley, S. Ahmad, C. A'Court, J. Ayers, J. Bennett, S. Cartwright, S. Dobson, C. Dooldeniya, A. Flynn, R. Fox, J. Goram, A. Halpin, A. Hay, P. Jacobs, L. Jeffers, L. Lomax, I. Munro, R. Muvva, M. Nadaph, K. Powell, S. Randfield, D. Redpath, R. Reed, M. Rickenbach, G. Rogers, P.B. Saunders, C. Seamark, J. Shewring, P. Simmons, H. Simper, H. Stoddart, A. Sword, N. Thomas, A. Thomson, H. Gibbs, A. Blenkhorn, B. Singh, W. Van Gaal, W. Abhayaratna, R. Lehman, P. Roberts-Thomson, J. Kilian, D. Coulshed, A. Catanchin, D. Colquhoun, H. Kiat, D. Eccleston, J. French, L. Zimmett, B. Ayres, T. Phan, P. Blombery, D. Crimmins, D. O'Donnell, A. Choi, P. Astridge, M. Arstall, N. Jepson, M. Binnekamp, A. Lee, J. Rogers, G. Starmer, P. Carroll, J. Faunt, A. Aggarwala, L. Barry, C. Batta, R. Beveridge, A. Black, M. Bonner, J. Boys, E. Buckley, M. Campo, L. Carlton, A. Connelly, B. Conway, D. Cresp, H. Dimitri, S. Dixon, M. Dolman, M. Duroux, M. Eskandari, R. Eslick, A. Ferreira-Jardim, T. Fetahovic, D. Fitzpatrick, R. Geraghty, J. Gibbs, T. Grabek, M.H. Modi, K. Hayes, M.P. Hegde, L. Hesketh, B. Hoffmann, B. Jacobson, K. Johnson, C. Juergens, I. Kassam, V. Lawlor, M. Lehman, S. Lehman, D. Leung, S. Mackay, M. MacKenzie, C. McCarthy, C. McIntosh, L. McKeon, H. Morrison, C. Mussap, J.-D. Myers, V. Nagalingam, G. Oldfield, V. O'May, J. Palmer, L. Parsons, K. Patching, T. Patching, V. Paul, M. Plotz, S. Preston, H. Rashad, M. Ratcliffe, S. Raynes, J. Rose, L. Sanders, M. Seremetkoska, H. Setio, S. Shone, P. Shrestha, C. Singh, C. Singleton, N. Stoyanov, S. Sutcliffe, K. Swaraj, J. Tarrant, S. Thompson, I.M. Tsay, M. Vorster, A. Waldman, L. Wallis, E. Wilford, K. Wong, S.J. Connolly, A. Spyropoulos, J. Eikelboom, R. Luton, M. Gupta, A.S. Pandey, S. Cheung, R. Leader, P. Beaudry, F. Ayala-Paredes, J. Berlingieri, J. Heath, G. Poirier, M. Du Preez, R. Nadeau, G. Dresser, R. Dhillon, T. Hruczkowski, B. Schweitzer, B. Coutu, P. Angaran, P. MacDonald, S. Vizel, S. Fikry, R. Parkash, A. Lavoie, J. Cha, B. Ramjattan, J. Bonet, K. Ahmad, L. Aro, T. Aves, K. Beaudry, C. Bergeron, J. Bigcanoe, N. Bignell, L. Breakwell, E. Burke, L. Carroll, B. Clarke, T. Cleveland, S. Daheb, P. Dehghani, I. Denis, Z. Djaidani, P. Dorian, S. Douglass, J. Dunnigan, A. Ewert, D. Farquhar, A. Fearon, L. Ferleyko, D. Fournier, B. Fox, M.-C. Grenier, W. Gulliver, K. Haveman, C. Hines, K. Hines, A.M. Jackson, C. Jean, G. Jethoo, R. Kahlon, S. Kelly, R. Kim, V. Korley, J. Kornder, L. Kwan, J. Largy, C. Lewis, S. Lewis, I. Mangat, R. Moor, J. Navratil, I. Neas, J. Otis, R. Otis, M. Pandey, F. Petrie, A. Pinter, M. Raines, P. Roberts, M. Robinson, G. Sas, S. Schulman, L. Snell, S. Spearson, J. Stevenson, T. Trahey, S. Wong, D. Wright, H. Ragy, A. Abd El-Aziz, S.K. Abou Seif, M.G. El Din, S. El Etriby, A. Elbahry, A. El-Etreby, M. Elkhadem, A. Katta, T. Khairy, A. Mowafy, M. Nawar, A. Ohanissian, A. Reda, M. Reda, H. Salem, N. Sami, S. Samir, M. Setiha, M. Sobhy, A. Soliman, N. Taha, M. Tawfik, E. Zaatout, D. Kettles, J. Bayat, H. Siebert, A. Horak, Y. Kelfkens, R. Garda, T. Pillay, M. Guerra, L. van Zyl, H. Theron, A. Murray, R. Louw, D. Greyling, P. Mntla, V. Ueckermann, R. Loghdey, S. Ismail, F. Ahmed, J. Engelbrecht, A. Ramdass, S. Maharajh, W. Oosthuysen, G. Angel, C. Bester, M. Booysen, C. Boshoff, C. Cannon, S. Cassimjee, C. Chami, G. Conway, A. Davids, L. de Meyer, G. Du Plessis, T. Ellis, L. Henley, M. Karsten, E. Loyd, J. Marks, L. Mavhusa, M. Mostert, A. Page, L. Rikhotso, M. Salie, J. Sasto, F. Shaik, A. Skein, L. Smith, G. Tarr, T. Tau, F. van Zyl, W. Al Mahmeed, G. Yousef, A. Agrawal, M. Nathani, M. Ibrahim, E.M. Esheiba, R. Singh, A. Naguib, M. Abu-Mahfouz, M. Al Omairi, A. Al Naeemi, R. Maruthanayagam, N. Bazargani, A. Wassef, R. Gupta, M. Khan, B. Subbaraman, A. Abdul, A. Al Mulla, S. El Bardisy, P. Haridas, S. Jadhav, K. Magdaluyo, M. Makdad, I. Maqsood, R. Mohamed, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, M. Thanzeel, S.Z. Goldhaber, R. Canosa, P. Rama, E. Blumberg, J. Garcia, P. Mullen, V. Wilson, A. Quick, K. Ferrick, W.M. Kutayli, M. Cox, M. Franco, S. Falkowski, R. Mendelson, M. Williams, S. Miller, S. Beach, A. Alfieri, T. Gutowski, I. Haque, R. Reddy, W. Ahmed, P. Delafontaine, D. Diercks, D. Theodoro, K. Remmel, M. Alberts, R. Ison, H. Noveck, P. Duffy, S. Pitta, D. Nishijima, C. Treasure, N. Asafu-Adjaye, K. Ball, M. Bartlett, M. Bentley, S. Bowers, A. Brown, A. Browne, J. Cameron-Watts, M. Canova, D. Cassidy, K. Cervellione, S. Congal, J. DePauw, A. Dickerson, M. Eley, L. Evans, S. Felpel, K. Ferdinand, D. Fielder, P. Gentry, A. Haideri, F. Hakimi, T. Harbour, E. Hartranft, B. Hawkins, M. Headlee, L. Henson, C. Herrick, T. Hicks, S. Jasinski, A. Jones, L. Jones, P. Jones, S. Karl, M. Keeling, J. Kerr, P. Knowles, J. Langdon, M. Lay, J.A. Lee, T. Lincoln, E. Malone, A. Merliss, D. Merritt, J. Minardo, B. Mooso, C. Orosco, V. Palumbo, M. Parker, T. Parrott, S. Paserchia, G. Pearl, J. Peterson, N. Pickelsimer, T. Purcell, J. Raynor, S. Raziano, C. Richard, T. Richardson, C. Robertson, A. Sage, T. Sanghera, P. Shaw, J. Shoemaker, K. Smith, B. Stephanie, A. Thatcher, H. Theobald, N. Thompson, L. Treasure, T. Tripti, C. Verdi, and V. Worthy

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. Methods and results: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012–2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P

Published
2018
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19. Multi-cluster dynamics in CΛ13 and analogy to clustering in 12C

Author

Y. Funaki, M. Isaka, E. Hiyama, T. Yamada, and K. Ikeda

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We investigate structure of CΛ13 and discuss the difference and similarity between the structures of C12 and CΛ13 by answering the questions if the linear-chain and gaslike cluster states, which are proposed to appear in C12, survives, or new structure states appear or not. We introduce a microscopic cluster model called, Hyper-Tohsaki–Horiuchi–Schuck–Röpke (H-THSR) wave function, which is an extended version of the THSR wave function so as to describe Λ hypernuclei. We obtained two bound states and two resonance (quasi-bound) states for Jπ=0+ in CΛ13, corresponding to the four 0+ states in C12. However, the inversion of level ordering between the spectra of C12 and CΛ13, i.e. that the 03+ and 04+ states in CΛ13 correspond to the 04+ and 03+ states in C12, respectively, is shown to occur. The additional Λ particle reduces sizes of the 02+ and 03+ states in CΛ13 very much, but the shrinkage of the 04+ state is only a half of the other states, in spite of the fact that attractive Λ-N interaction makes nucleus contracted so much when the Λ particle occupies an S-orbit. In conclusion, the Hoyle state becomes quite a compact object with BeΛ9+α configuration in CΛ13 and is no more gaslike state composed of the 3α clusters. Instead, the 04+ state in CΛ13, coming from the C12(03+) state, appears as a gaslike state composed of α+α+Λ5He configuration, i.e. the Hoyle analog state. A linear-chain state in a Λ hypernucleus is for the first time predicted to exist as the 03+ state in CΛ13 with more shrunk arrangement of the 3α clusters along z-axis than the 3α linear-chain configuration realized in the C12(04+) state. All the excited states are shown to appear around the corresponding cluster-decay threshold, reflecting the threshold rule.

Published
2017
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20. Tagged tracer simulations of black carbon in the Arctic: transport, source contributions, and budget

Author

K. Ikeda, H. Tanimoto, T. Sugita, H. Akiyoshi, Y. Kanaya, C. Zhu, and F. Taketani

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

We implemented a tagged tracer method of black carbon (BC) into a global chemistry transport model, GEOS-Chem, examined the pathways and efficiency of long-range transport from a variety of anthropogenic and biomass burning emission sources to the Arctic, and quantified the source contributions of individual emissions. Firstly, we evaluated the simulated BC by comparing it with observations at the Arctic sites and examined the sensitivity of an aging parameterization and wet scavenging rate by ice clouds. For tagging BC, we added BC tracers distinguished by source types (anthropogenic and biomass burning) and regions; the global domain was divided into 16 and 27 regions for anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions, respectively. Our simulations showed that BC emitted from Europe and Russia was transported to the Arctic mainly in the lower troposphere during winter and spring. In particular, BC transported from Russia was widely spread over the Arctic in winter and spring, leading to a dominant contribution of 62 % to the Arctic BC near the surface as the annual mean. In contrast, BC emitted from East Asia was found to be transported in the middle troposphere into the Arctic mainly over the Sea of Okhotsk and eastern Siberia during winter and spring. We identified an important window area, which allowed a strong incoming of East Asian BC to the Arctic (130–180° E and 3–8 km of altitude at 66° N). The model demonstrated that the contribution from East Asia to the Arctic had a maximum at about 5 km of altitude due to uplifting during long-range transport in early spring. The efficiency of BC transport from East Asia to the Arctic was lower than that from other large source regions such as Europe, Russia, and North America. However, the East Asian contribution was the most important for BC in the middle troposphere (41 %) and the BC burden over the Arctic (27 %) because of the large emissions from this region. These results suggested that the main sources of Arctic BC differed with altitude. The contribution of all the anthropogenic sources to Arctic BC concentrations near the surface was dominant (90 %) on an annual basis. The contributions of biomass burning in boreal regions (Siberia, Alaska, and Canada) to the annual total BC deposition onto the Arctic were estimated to be 12–15 %, which became the maximum during summer.

Published
2017
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23. Data from Role of the Aggresome Pathway in Cancer: Targeting Histone Deacetylase 6–Dependent Protein Degradation

Author

Kathleen M. Sakamoto, Cecilia Fu, Tiffany Simms-Waldrip, Alan K. Ikeda, Tara Lin, and Agustin Rodriguez-Gonzalez

Abstract

Misfolded or aggregated proteins have two fates: they are either refolded with the help of chaperones or degraded by the proteasome. Cells also have an alternative pathway that involves intracellular “storage bins” for misfolded intracellular proteins known as aggresomes. Aggresomes recruit motor proteins that transport misfolded or aggregated proteins to chaperones and proteasomes for subsequent destruction. There is emerging evidence that inhibiting the aggresome pathway leads to accumulation of misfolded proteins and apoptosis in tumor cells through autophagy. We discuss the role of aggresomes in cancer and the potential to target this pathway for therapy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(8):2557–60]

Published
2023

26. Polarization-Rotator-Free Polarization-Diversity 4 $\times$ 4 Si-Wire Optical Switch

Author

K. Suzuki, K. Tanizawa, S.-H. Kim, S. Suda, G. Cong, K. Ikeda, S. Namiki, and H. Kawashima

Subjects
Waveguide devices, optical interconnects, optical communications, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820, Optics. Light, QC350-467
Abstract

We present a polarization-diversity 4×4 optical switch composed of silicon-wire waveguides. The proposed 4×4 switch does not require a polarization rotator, which enforces a modification in a standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process to achieve vertical asymmetry. The switch is fabricated on a 300-mm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer with argon fluoride (ArF) immersion lithography, and its footprint is 2.1 mm × 1.1 mm. The switch exhibited a 12.5-dB on-chip loss, a 1.9-dB polarization-dependent loss, and an approximately 5-ps differential group delay.

Published
2016
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28. Barriers and communication behaviors impacting referral to sleep surgery: qualitative patient perspectives

Author

Allison K. Ikeda, Crystina McShay, Robin Marsh, Shireen Saini, Maya Sardesai, Emily F. Boss, and Edward M. Weaver

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Adult, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Neurology, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, Humans, Neurology (clinical), Sleep, Referral and Consultation
Abstract

Physician-patient interactions influence the immediate encounter and leave lasting impressions for future health care encounters. We aimed to understand patient experiences and decision-making for considering sleep surgery, in terms of barriers and communication behaviors that facilitate or hinder referral for consideration of sleep surgery management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) when continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy has failed.We employed qualitative methods, using semistructured interviews of adults with OSA who presented for sleep surgery consultation after unsatisfactory therapy with CPAP. Open-ended questions traced symptoms and progression of sleep apnea burden, trials of noninvasive OSA therapies, outcomes, and patient expectations and concerns. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using content analysis to identify themes.Ten adult patients with OSA were enrolled March through April 2021 and reached predominant thematic saturation. Barriers to sleep surgery consultation included: (1) delays in OSA diagnosis due to limited OSA awareness among patients or primary providers and patients' perceived inconvenience of sleep testing, (2) patients faulted for slow progress, (3) patient-reported lack of urgency by providers in troubleshooting noninvasive management options, (4) scheduling delays and waitlists, and (5) cost. Patients were receptive to noninvasive treatment options, but inadequate improvement led to frustration after multiple encounters. Patients appreciated empathetic providers who shared information through transparent and understandable explanations and who presented multiple treatment options.Experiences of patients with OSA highlight the need for shared decision-making through improved communication of unresolved concerns and alternative management options, including timely referral for sleep surgery consultation when indicated.Ikeda AK, McShay C, Marsh R, et al. Barriers and communication behaviors impacting referral to sleep surgery: qualitative patient perspectives.

Published
2023

30. Effect of capping agent for synthesis of ZnO nanostructures on carbon fabrics for thermopower production

Author

Toshitaka Yamakawa, K.D. Nisha, M. Navaneethan, A. Periyanayaga Kristy, N. Kawase, Yasuhiro Hayakawa, Masaru Shimomura, K. Ikeda, and Hiroya Ikeda

Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis, Morphology (linguistics), Materials science, Nanostructure, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Hydrothermal circulation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Ion, Chemical engineering, Elemental analysis, Seebeck coefficient, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wurtzite crystal structure
Abstract

ZnO nanostructures were grown on carbon fabric with and without a capping agent using a simple hydrothermal method, and the growth times were varied in order to study the effect of the capping agent. The formation of ZnO wurtzite nanostructures was observed from the structural analysis of the sample with a capping agent. Morphological and mapping analyses observed the varied morphology of the capping agent over the different growth times. The interaction between the carbon fabric and the grown ZnO nanostructures was then studied via elemental analysis, and the strongest C–O–Zn bond was observed for the capping agent sample with the highest growth time. The formation of OH− ions induced when the growth time increased resulted in the formation (Zn2+) of densely grown ZnO nanostructures and improved stability was obtained via TGA analysis. The maximum thermopower calculated is + 5.9 μV K−1, and all the samples exhibited p-type in nature.

Published
2021

32. Global–Local Spatial Platform for Economic Geography: Mechanism for Sustaining Bifurcation

Author

Y. Kogure and K. Ikeda

Subjects
Applied Mathematics, Modeling and Simulation, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract

This paper develops a spatial platform for economic agglomerations that can represent a hierarchical structure of cities, towns, and so on. A global system models geographical distribution of a system of cities, while population size and local geography of each city are modeled by an individual square lattice network. The mechanism of economic agglomeration is described by economic geography models with the replicator dynamics. As a major theoretical contribution of this paper, we elucidate the bifurcation mechanism of the mono-centric distribution in a square domain. Such bifurcation expresses how satellite places appear around a large city. This bifurcation behavior, called sustaining bifurcation, is different from symmetry-breaking bifurcation studied in nonlinear mathematics, and is not given much attention in economic geography, despite its importance. An air-network of cities with the seven largest hub airports in USA is employed as a realistic example, and is modeled as a global–local system comprising a series of local square lattices with different sizes connected by an equidistant economy. This system for an economic geography model displays successive sustaining bifurcations occurring many times leading to gradual emergence of satellite places around a large city.

Published
2022

34. A Validated 3D Printed Laryngeal Suturing Simulator for Endoscopic Laryngeal Cleft Repair

Author

Clare M. Richardson, David A. Zopf, Allison K. Ikeda, Adam van Horn, Katheryn Cohen, Zahra Nourmohammadi, Michel Nassar, Jason S. Park, and Kaalan E. Johnson

Subjects
Otorhinolaryngology
Abstract

Endoscopic laryngeal cleft repair (ELCR) with endolaryngeal suturing is an advanced surgical skill. This study objective was to assess the validity of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed laryngeal suturing simulator for ELCR.Development and validation of a simulator for ELCR.An ELCR model was developed using 3D printed and readily available materials. Participants were surveyed before and after a simulation session using five-point Likert scale questions. Performance data was assessed using blinded expert video review and rated using a novel objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) for endoscopic laryngeal suturing.Twenty-one participants ranging from residents to attendings completed the simulation session. Survey respondents reported on a five-point Likert scale that the model was "easy to use" and "quite realistic" (both mean of 4). Confidence improved significantly in 86% of participants (p 0.01). Overall OSATS scores (out of a total of 55) showed a median improvement in technical skills of 11.7 points (p = 0.004). OSATS demonstrated good intra-rater (κ = 0.689 and 0.677) and moderate inter-rater (κ = 0.573) reliability. Completion times improved from the first to the last suture by a median time of 512 to 350 s (decrease of 202 s, p = 0.002). Participants with no prior ELCR experience improved more than those with in vivo experience.This study demonstrates the validity of a simulator utilizing 3D printed larynges for ELCR. A novel OSATS for endoscopic laryngeal suturing was successfully implemented. Confidence, technical skills, and completion times improved with the use of the model across a variety of participants. Laryngoscope, 2022.

Published
2022

35. Patient Factors and Preferences in Choosing Sleep Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Qualitative Study

Author

Allison K. Ikeda, Crystina McShay, Robin Marsh, Shireen Saini, Maya G. Sardesai, Edward M. Weaver, and Emily F. Boss

Subjects
Otorhinolaryngology, Surgery
Abstract

There are several obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment options available to patients, including surgery and less invasive therapies. Little is known about the factors that influence patient preferences for treatment. We aimed to understand factors influencing patient experience and decision making for undergoing sleep surgery.Retrospective qualitative study.Tertiary sleep surgery clinic.We conducted semistructured interviews with adults who previously underwent any nasal and/or pharyngeal sleep surgery. We asked open-ended questions about their decision-making process within a preconceived thematic framework of chief OSA symptoms, expectations for recovery, and sources of information. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed, and content was analyzed for defined, emergent, and prevalent themes.Ten patients were interviewed from December 11, 2020 through January 29, 2021. Six patients underwent nasal surgery, 1 underwent pharyngeal surgery, and 3 underwent staged nasal and pharyngeal procedures. All patients were beyond the acute recovery phase. Reasons for pursuing surgical consultation varied from sleep apnea burden to external factors, such as recommendations from significant others. Duration of sleep surgery consideration varied from months to years. Major concerns about sleep surgery involved anesthesia and postoperative pain. External factors influencing patients' decisions to pursue sleep surgery included family and friend support. Postoperative outcomes of surgery included patient satisfaction with decision for surgery, given OSA improvements.Understanding patient factors that influence decision making for sleep surgery may guide clinicians in patient-centered counseling that engages patients in decision making, aligning with clinical symptoms and patient preferences.

Published
2022

42. Essential pain management at a rural district hospital in Burundi

Author

J C Kwizera, K Ikeda, Wayne W Morriss, G C Sund, and A Izere

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Visual analogue scale, Analgesic, Psychological intervention, Context (language use), Rural district, Audit, Pain management, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, 030202 anesthesiology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Intervention (counseling), Physical therapy, Medicine, business
Abstract

Background: Pain management is a significant challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In settings where resources are limited, interventions to improve pain management must be low-cost and context-appropriate. Methods: At a rural district hospital in Burundi, East Africa we undertook the delivery of a simple educational workshop called Essential Pain Management (EPM) and introduction of regular acute pain rounds for post surgical patients. At the same time, we carried out a pre- and post-intervention audit of pain management. We hypothesised that the use of the EPM educational workshop and introduction of regular acute pain rounds for post-surgical patients would lead to a reduction in patient pain scores, time to first ambulation, hospital length of stay, and changes to analgesic medication prescribing practices. Results: We found improvements in modified visual analogue scale (VAS) scores on postoperative days one (mean VAS 42.3 vs 31.4, p < 0.001) and two (mean VAS 33.7 vs 27, p = 0.001), with no difference on day three. We also found a reduction in time to first ambulation after introduction of this service (median time of 38.8 hours vs 28 hours, p < 0.001) with no change in length of stay (median four days in both groups). There was also a marked increase in administration of analgesic medications after the service was introduced. Conclusion: Our audit demonstrates a positive impact following a simple low-cost intervention in a rural hospital where resources are severely limited. We believe that this intervention offers a feasible and context appropriate approach for improving postoperative pain management in a low-resource setting. The full article is available at https://doi.org/10.36303/SAJAA.2020.26.5.2395

Published
2020

46. Pachydermoperiostosis

Author

K Ikeda, D Miyamori, R Hirabayashi, and M Ito

Subjects
Osteoarthropathy, Primary Hypertrophic, Humans, General Medicine
Published
2022

47. LeFort Fractures

Author

Allison K. Ikeda and Andrea B. Burke

Subjects
surgical procedures, operative, Surgery
Abstract

Consultations for management of facial fractures in the emergency setting are not uncommon for the oral maxillofacial surgeon, otolaryngologist, and/or plastic surgeon. This necessitates a knowledge foundation and working understanding of the evaluation, assessment, and timely management. Here, we will focus on the workup and management of LeFort fractures.

Published
2021

48. Impact of near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green on structural sequelae of anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic intersphincteric resection of malignant rectal tumors

Author

H, Hasegawa, Y, Tsukada, M, Wakabayashi, S, Nomura, T, Sasaki, Y, Nishizawa, K, Ikeda, N, Takeshita, K, Teramura, and M, Ito

Subjects
Cohort Studies, Indocyanine Green, Male, Rectal Neoplasms, Anastomosis, Surgical, Optical Imaging, Anal Canal, Humans, Anastomotic Leak, Female, Laparoscopy, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Recent studies have indicated the potential benefit of intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIR-FI) with indocyanine green in reducing early anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery. Nonetheless, whether NIR-FI is effective in reducing structural sequelae of anastomotic leakage (SSAL) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of NIR-FI on SSAL after laparoscopic intersphincteric resection (ISR) of malignant rectal tumors.This study was a retrospective single-center cohort study. A total of 293 consecutive patients who underwent elective laparoscopic ISR from May 2010 to August 2017 were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups; those who underwent elective laparoscopic ISR with lymphadenectomy for malignant rectal tumors using NIR-F (NIR-FI group) and those who underwent elective laparoscopic ISR with lymphadenectomy for malignant rectal tumors without using NIR-FI (control group). Thirty were excluded from the analyses (13 died, 7 had pelvic recurrence, and 10 were lost to follow-up). The primary endpoint was the rate of SSAL within 2 years after the primary resection, whereas the secondary endpoint was the rate of natural defecation via the anus at 2 years after the primary resection. Using various statistical analyses, such as propensity score matching, the rate of SSAL was compared between groups.A total of 263 patients were analyzed [177 males and 86 females, median age 61 (27-84) years]. Prior to propensity score matching (n = 263), NIR-FI was performed in 70 patients (26.6%) The rates of SSAL were 1.4% (1/70) in the NIR-FI group and 10.4% (20/193) in the control group (p = 0.02). After propensity score matching (n = 163), the rates of SSAL were 1.5% (1/66) in the NIR-FI group and 11.7% (12/103) in the control group (p = 0.02). Propensity score analyses, as well as simple regression analyses, revealed that NIR-FI was associated with a significantly lower risk of SSAL (OR 0.10-0.13; p = 0.03-0.05).NIR-FI is useful in reducing the rate of SSAL after laparoscopic ISR.

Published
2021

49. Management of patients with unilateral microtia and aural atresia: recent advances and updates

Author

Randall A. Bly, Amit D. Bhrany, Kathleen C.Y. Sie, and Allison K Ikeda

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Hearing Tests, education.educational_degree, Psychological intervention, MEDLINE, Timeline, Ear reconstruction, Ear, Plastic Surgery Procedures, Unilateral microtia, Habilitation, Congenital Abnormalities, Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Medicine, Humans, Surgery, Aural atresia, Medical physics, business, education, Qualitative research, Congenital Microtia
Abstract

Purpose of review The management of patients with unilateral microtia and aural atresia is complex. Recent literature suggests significant strides in hearing habilitation and ear reconstruction. Recent findings Several options of hearing management are available and are associated with improved outcomes. Timelines for hearing habilitation and ear reconstruction vary by institution. We offer our timeline as a reference. Three dimensional (3D) printed models are increasingly used for training and reconstruction. Bioprinting is on the horizon, though safety and effectiveness studies are pending. Lastly, application of qualitative methods has provided a foundation on which to improve communication between physicians and patients and their families. Better understanding of the patient and family experiences will provide opportunities to target interventions to improve care. Summary Current developments include expanding options for hearing management, changing approaches to timing of atresiaplasty, utilization of 3D printed models, and focus on patient and family experience to improve reconstructive outcomes.

Published
2021

50. Plasmodium Infection Is Associated with Impaired Hepatic Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Activity and Disruption of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor/Substrate Homeostasis.

Author

Jessica H Chertow, Matthew S Alkaitis, Glenn Nardone, Allison K Ikeda, Aubrey J Cunnington, Joseph Okebe, Augustine O Ebonyi, Madi Njie, Simon Correa, Shamanthi Jayasooriya, Climent Casals-Pascual, Oliver Billker, David J Conway, Michael Walther, and Hans Ackerman

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) signaling may contribute to pathological activation of the vascular endothelium during severe malaria infection. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) regulates endothelial NO synthesis by maintaining homeostasis between asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and arginine, the NOS substrate. We carried out a community-based case-control study of Gambian children to determine whether ADMA and arginine homeostasis is disrupted during severe or uncomplicated malaria infections. Circulating plasma levels of ADMA and arginine were determined at initial presentation and 28 days later. Plasma ADMA/arginine ratios were elevated in children with acute severe malaria compared to 28-day follow-up values and compared to children with uncomplicated malaria or healthy children (p

Published
2015
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