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Information is the driving force in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) since vehicles share information (emergency, general, and multimedia). VANET communicates between vehicles using a unique routing protocol, unlike other wireless routing technologies. Many protocols, techniques, and approaches have been developed to secure and protect data. To enhance current security and privacy measures and develop and model new ones, the ideas of machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and artificial intelligence are being applied. In this paper, we provide information on the various types of attacks that target VANET communication, VANET layers, the security goals that are affected, and real-time attacks that occur on manufacturing hubs. We compared various VANET attack prevention, detection, and AI techniques proposed, as well as future research work in the field of VANET, for improving accuracy, security, and privacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plentiful accessibility of fuels, non-erratic, reliable performance, low maintenance, low cost and high life are the significant factors for solar-PV-powered water pumping scheme for irrigation applications. It is highly used in irrigation system for cultivation where the utility-grid is non-available, hilly areas, forests, etc., by utilizing solar source with energy conversion methodology. However, the performance of overall irrigation scheme relies on energy conversion methodology by using feasible DC–DC converter. In this paper, a novel non-isolated switching cell type DC–DC converter has been proposed for acquiring greater performance of Brushless-DC motor to lift the water from ponds or canal through submersible pump. This observation is clearly presented and validated under steady-state condition by using Xilinx FPGA SPARTAN-6 hardware prototype; results are carried out and compared with various converter topologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]