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We aimed to describe studies on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination education strategies from low- and middle-income countries in the published literature that could be applicable in Sub-Sahara Africa.This scoping review was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework advanced by Levac et al.We searched four electronic health sciences databases for relevant reports published between January 2006 and January 2021. Two reviewers screened for inclusion and extracted data for analysis and synthesis. Descriptive statistics and narrative descriptions were used to summarize the findings.The database search retrieved 1757 reports, of which 48 were from low- and middle-income countries and met the inclusion criteria. Of these, there were 39 interventional studies (81.3%). Less than one-fifth of the studies (n = 9) reported a theoretical basis for their strategies. Most strategies sought to improve knowledge and awareness about HPV (75%, n = 36), whereas outcomes for the remaining studies were related to increasing HPV vaccine acceptability. HPV education strategies (1) primarily targeted females, (2) were mostly provided by health professionals, and (3) used various modalities of learning, including in-person sessions, text-based materials, media, theater, and online delivery.HPV educational strategies are underresearched in most LMICs, suggesting the need for more primary observational, interventional, and experimental research, as well as program evaluations, focused on HPV educational strategies and theoretically informed. Once additional studies are added to the body of evidence, it will be valuable to review and synthesize diverse sources of evidence to determine what educational strategies are most useful and have the greatest impact on HPV vaccination in these settings, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective: Veterans evaluated at the WRIISC present with multiple and chronic health conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), pain, and fatigue. These patients often experience poor symptom relief. A pilot project was designed to determine whether such veterans would practice yoga as an adjunct to conventional medical care. We also used a range of standard screening measures to examine the health profile of individuals. Methods: Veterans were referred by VA clinicians to a WRIISC yoga clinic established in 2009. Two classes were offered per week. Veterans were assessed at baseline and after 12 classes with the PTSD Ch ecklist (PCL), Short F orm McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-12), and the Flinders Fatigue Scale (FFS). Results: There have been 293 patient referrals so far and more than 1,824 yoga contact hours. Detailed data were collected on 10 veterans age 53–85 yrs (6 males). The screening instruments revealed nonsignificant benefits of yoga across the classes (p > .05). Furthermore, the PCL scores showed that four patients (40%) screened positive for PTSD (mean severity score = 40.9, range = 18–70). In addition, the PCL showed positive correlations with measures of pain (FS-12; Spearman’s rho = .76, p < .01), and chronic fatigue (FFS; Spearman’s rho = .94, p < .001). Similar results were found for equivalent correlations after 12 yoga classes. Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates that veterans accept yoga as a complementary treatment to their regular medical care. Of possible significance is the observation that 40% of the patients screened positive for PTSD. The reasons for this are not clear but may be because such patients were referred at a higher rate. It is also possible that PTSD patients seek out yoga classes as an effective means of treating their symptoms. The strong correlations between measures of PTSD, pain, and fatigue suggest far-reaching implications for the integration of yoga in the treatment of veterans with a broad array of disorders exacerbated by stress. 2. Yoga-based Psychotherapy Group With Urban Youth Exposed to Trauma

Until relatively recently the Internet and PSTN networks had been developing independently of each other. While each has evolved to provide globally accessible services, the design principles of each have been very different. The initial PSTN services have been focused on conversational, real-time, applications - principally telephony. The integrated services digital network (ISDN) has extended the PSTN model to support additional applications such as telefax and data transfer. Similarly, intelligent network (IN) extensions [1] have been added to support call-handling services. In contrast, IP networks, and the Internet in particular, have principally been developed for exchanging data between computers. In the case of the public Internet, the information accessible is both location-independent and enormous. With new, more complex, features continuing to be developed, mass-market services such as video-on-demand and on-line shopping become increasingly possible. VoIP represents one path for the possible convergence of these networks, which is starting for a number of additional reasons.

A laser flash photolysis/laser absorption technique has been used to generate and monitor SiH/sub 2/ radicals in real time. The authors present preliminary results of a study of the rate of removal of SiH/sub 2/ radicals in the presence of D/sub 2/ in the temperature interval 268-330 K. The removal rate coefficient is found to be temperature independent in this range with a value (1.88 /plus minus/ 0.17) x 10/sup -12/ cm/sup 3/ molecule/sup -1/ s/sup -1/. The implications of this result for the temperature dependence of the reaction of SiH/sub 2/ with H/sub 2/ are discussed.

The thermal decomposition of 1-bromo-2-chloroethane at 307–358° results in vinyl chloride and hydrogen bromide as the main products, with vinyl bromide and hydrogen chloride as minor products, the latter being formed mainly via a secondary reaction between the main products. Induction periods are evident below 327°, and propene has a marked inhibitory effect upon the decomposition. The rate of decomposition is sensitive to the nature and treatment of the reaction vessel surface and there is autocatalysis owing to hydrogen bromide. In vessels seasoned with the pyrolysis products of allyl bromide, the reaction catalysed by a sufficiently high proportion of hydrogen bromide is of the half-order in substrate and zero-order in catalyst. At 307–358° the rate coefficient is expressible as in equation (A). The catalysed reaction does not show induction periods, but the rate is decreased k0·5= 9·3 × 109 exp (–40,800/RT) mole–½ l.–½ sec.–1(A) slightly in packed vessels. The results are consistent with a radical-chain reaction, and possible mechanisms are discussed.

The pyrolysis of 1,2-dichloroethane is catalyzed by hydrogen bromide over the temperature range 299-350°C in reaction vessels seasoned with the pyrolysis products of allyl bromide. The reaction is of the first-order in substrate (initial pressures, 20-210 mm) and of zero-order in catalyst (initial pressures, 7-380 mm). The rate coefficient is expressible as k1= 1.3 × 1010 exp(–37 600/RT) s–1. A small decrease in rate is caused by an increase in the surface-to-volume ratio of the reaction vessel. The reaction is complex and formally possible homogeneous radical-chain mechanisms are unsatisfactory. An interaction between the allyl bromide “carbon” surface and hydrogen bromide may produce a supply of bromine atoms which promote the radical-chain decomposition of 1,2-dichloroethane.