Search

We searched for the $\alpha$ condensed state in $^{13}$C by measuring the $\alpha$ inelastic scattering at $E_{\alpha} = 388$ MeV at forward angles including 0 degrees. We performed the distorted-wave Born-approximation calculation with the single-folding potential and the multipole decomposition analysis to determine the isoscalar transition strengths in $^{13}$C. We found a bump structure around $E_x = 12.5$ MeV due to the isoscalar monopole ($IS0$) transition. A peak-fit analysis suggested that this bump consisted of several $1/2^-$ states. We propose that this bump is due to the mirror state of the 13.5 MeV-state in $^{13}$N, which dominantly decays to the $\alpha$ condensed state in $^{12}$C. It was speculated that the $1/2^-$ states around $E_x = 12.5$ MeV were candidates for the $\alpha$ condensed state, but the $3\alpha + n$ orthogonality condition model suggests that the $\alpha$ condensed state is unlikely to emerge as the negative parity states. We also found two $1/2^+$ or $3/2^+$ states at $E_x = 14.5$ and 16.1 MeV excited with the isoscalar dipole ($IS1$) strengths. We suggest that the 16.1-MeV state is a possible candidate for the $\alpha$ condensed state predicted by the cluster-model calculations on the basis of the good correspondence between the experimental and calculated level structures. However, the theoretical $IS1$ transition strength for this state is significantly smaller than the measured value. Further experimental information is strongly desired to establish the $\alpha$ condensed state in $^{13}$C., Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures, published in PTEP

Several safety devices are installed in elevators to protect passengers. An emergency-stop-device is a safety device that operates during emergencies such as the breaking of wires. This device stops the elevator immediately, and as a result, generates an excessive impact force on the passengers that has a risk of injury to passengers Therefore, we propose a new elevator system equipped with a magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) semi-active damper and a spring in the double-cage structure elevators currently used to absorb this impact force. In a previous study, we verified the effectiveness of the proposed system by realising a digital simulation. Therefore, in this study, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed system by conducting experiments using a small emergency stop simulation apparatus and evaluate it based on safety standards.

Hiroshima synchrotron radiation center equips a 700 MeV electron storage ring nicknamed HiSOR. It has been operated for more than 20 years. The emittance of HiSOR is 400 nm, which is larger by one or more orders of magnitude than typical modern synchrotron light sources. Therefore, as the future plan of the facility, a new low emittance storage ring is desired. Several designs have been examined. In the newest version, we have selected the lattice structure similar to ASTRID 2 compact light source in Aarhus University, Denmark. The design goal is the energy of around 500 MeV, the circumference shorter than 50 m and the emittance smaller than 10 nm with straight sections for undulators more than 4. In this conference, we report the latest result from the design study., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

As terahertz (THz) frequencies correspond to those of the intermolecular vibrational modes in a polymer, intense THz wave irradiation affects the macromolecular polymorph, which determines the polymer properties and functions. THz photon energy is quite low compared to the covalent bond energy; therefore, conformational changes can be induced “softly,” without damaging the chemical structures. Here, we irradiate a poly(3-hydroxybutylate) (PHB) / chloroform solution during solvent casting crystallization using a THz wave generated by a free electron laser (FEL). Morphological observation shows the formation of micrometer-sized crystals in response to the THz wave irradiation. Further, a 10−20% increase in crystallinity is observed through analysis of the infrared (IR) absorption spectra. The peak power density of the irradiating THz wave is 40 MW/cm2, which is significantly lower than the typical laser intensities used for material manipulation. We demonstrate for the first time that the THz wave effectively induces the intermolecular rearrangement of polymer macromolecules.

An integration of an organic nonporous ultralow-k dielectric fluorocarbon (k = 2.2) deposited by microwave-excited plasma-enhanced CVD into Cu single damascene interconnects is developed in this paper. The changing of the chemical structure of the fluorocarbon was found after dry etching, which resulted in the degradation of electrical properties during the postetching cleaning process. A nitrogen plasma treatment was applied as a postetching process to minimize damage introduction to the fluorocarbon in the following damascene fabrication processes, and a line-to-line leakage current was significantly improved without the variance of effective dielectric constant (keff = 2.5) in Cu lines. In a thermal stress test at 350°C after Cu-interconnect fabrication, no degradation of the Cu line resistance and line-to-line capacitance was found, which indicated a sufficient thermal stability of the fluorocarbon film in Cu single damascene interconnects. Therefore, this robust organic nonporous fluorocarbon film is considered as one of the promising candidates of ultralow-k dielectrics for high-performance Cu interconnects in the future.

Non-destructive detection and assay of nuclear materials is one of the most critical issues for both the management of nuclear waste and the non-proliferation of nuclear materials. We use laser Compton scattered (LCS) γ -ray beams and the nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) for the non-destructive detection of radioactive materials. Quasi-monochromatic and energy-tunable LCS γ -ray beams help improve the signal-to-noise ratio during NRF measurements. We developed the conceptual design of a high-flux γ -ray source with an energy-recovery linac, which produces a γ -ray beam at the flux of 10 13 photons / s . In this paper, we discuss the execution of simulation studies using a Monte Carlo code, results of a proof-of-principle experiment for isotope detection, and the status of the development of LCS X-ray and γ -ray facilities.

The cluster structures of the excited states in 11 B and 13 C were discussed by measuring the isoscalar monopole strengths in the inelastic α scattering at Eα = 388 MeV . It was found that the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] states in 13 C are candidates for the α cluster states with a 3α + n molecular configuration.

We describe trial applications of fuzzy sets to data retrieval. The objectives are to test their ability to achieve conceptual matching between retrieved objects and the user's intention and to connect real data with symbolic notations. The algorithm proposed retrieves data that conceptually fit the meanings of the entered keyword. An algorithm is described that uses fuzzy sets to handle word ambiguity (the main cause of vagueness in the meaning of a word). It is based on conceptual fuzzy sets (CFSs), which represent the meaning of words by chaining other related words. Two trial applications of this algorithm to data retrieval are described. First, an application to image retrieval shows variation of data retrieval with conceptual matching and transformation of numeric values into symbols. Next, an application to the agent recommending a TV program shows the method that lets CFSs fit to the sense of a user by Hebbian learning.

肛門小窩炎は肛門小窩に炎症が起こった疾者である.著者らは,1995年7月より1996年6月までに経験した本症例102例について検討した.男69例,女33例で,年齢では幅広く分布していた.主症状は肛門痛で,排便との関連のないものが多く,とくに座位時に出現するものが多い.部位は主に後方に多く,単発のものから複数のものまでみられた.炎症を起こした肛門小窩は深く変形しており,同部に一致して圧痛がある.また小さな硬結が触れるものもある.便通は普通便から軟便のものが多かった.合併している肛門疾患では裂肛が最も多く,近似疾者とされる肛門周囲膿瘍・痔瘻はみられなかった.治療は,投薬による保存的療法が第一選択で症例により切除術を行った.病理学的には肛門腺は正常で,その周囲にリンパ球の浸潤がみられた.肛門小窩炎は未だ病因は不明であるが,臨床病理学的見地から肛門疾患の一つのclinical entityとして認識すべきである.

After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) was chosen by the national government to conduct decontamination pilot projects at selected sites in Fukushima prefecture. Despite tight boundary conditions in terms of timescale and resources, the projects served their primary purpose to develop a knowledge base to support more effective planning and implementation of stepwise regional remediation of the evacuated zone. A range of established, modified and newly developed techniques were tested under realistic field conditions and their performance characteristics were determined. The results of the project can be summarized in terms of site characterization, cleanup and waste management. A range of options were investigated to reduce the volumes of waste produced and to ensure that decontamination water could be cleaned to the extent that it could be discharged to normal drainage. Resultant solid wastes were packaged in standard flexible containers, labelled and stored at the remediation site (temporary storage until central interim storage becomes available). The designs of such temporary storage facilities were tailored to available sites, but all designs included measures to ensure mechanical stability (e.g., filling void spaces between containers with sand, graded cover with soil) and prevent releases to groundwater (impermeable base and cap, gravity flow drainage including radiation monitors and catch tanks). Storage site monitoring was also needed to check that storage structures would not be perturbed by external events that could include typhoons, heavy snowfalls, freeze/thaw cycles and earthquakes.

The isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) in even-A Cd isotopes has been studied by inelastic ${\alpha}$-scattering at 100 MeV/u and at extremely forward angles, including 0deg. The asymmetry term in the nuclear incompressibility extracted from the ISGMR in Cd isotopes is found to be $K_{\tau} = -555 \pm 75$ MeV, confirming the value previously obtained from the Sn isotopes. ISGMR strength has been computed in relativistic RPA using NL3 and FSUGold effective interactions. Both models significantly overestimate the centroids of the ISGMR strength in the Cd isotopes. Combined with other recent theoretical effort, the question of the "softness" of the open-shell nuclei in the tin region remains open still., Comment: Minor changes in text. Scaling energies added to Table I. 5 pages (2-column format), 4 figures

We demonstrate a new high-order harmonic generation mechanism reaching the "water window" spectral region in experiments with multiterawatt femtosecond lasers irradiating gas jets. A few hundred harmonic orders are resolved, giving mu J/sr pulses. Harmonics are collectively emitted by an oscillating electron spike formed at the joint of the boundaries of a cavity and bow wave created by a relativistically self-focusing laser in underdense plasma. The spike sharpness and stability are explained by catastrophe theory. The mechanism is corroborated by particle-in-cell simulations.

The compression-mode isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) has been studied in the Sn, Cd and Pb isotopes using inelastic scattering of 400 MeV {alpha}-particles at extreme forward angles, including 0 deg. We have obtained completely 'background-free' inelastic-scattering spectra for the Sn, Cd, and Pb isotopes for a wide angular and excitation-energy range. The various giant resonances excited with different transferred angular momenta were extracted by a multipole-decomposition analysis (MDA). It was found that the centroid energies of the ISGMR in Sn isotopes are significantly lower than the theoretical predictions. The K{sub {tau}} in the empirical expression for the nuclear incompressibility has been determined to be K{sub {tau}} = -550{+-}100 MeV for the Sn isotopes. The extracted value for the Cd isotopes is K{sub {tau}} = -480{+-}100 MeV. These numbers are consistent with values of K{sub {tau}} = -370{+-}120 MeV obtained from an analysis of the isotopic transport ratios in medium-energy heavy-ion reactions, K{sub {tau}} -500{sub -100}{sup +120} MeV obtained from constraints placed by neutron-skin data from anti-protonic atoms across the mass table, and K{sub {tau}} = -500{+-}50 MeV obtained from theoretical calculations using different Skyrme interactions and relativistic mean field (RMF) Lagrangians. Stringent constraints on interactions employed in nuclear structuremore » calculations are obtained on the basis of the experimentally determined values for K{sub {infinity}} and K{sub {tau}}. These parameters constrain as well the equation of state (EOS) of nuclear matter. However, a significant discrepancy still remains. The ISGMR positions in Sn and Cd isotopes are systematically lower than the predictions obtained on basis of determined from the ISGMR in {sup 208}Pb. This raises the question ''Why are Sn and Cd nuclei so soft?''. For a clue to solve the problem, we discuss the preliminary results on the exact positions of the ISGMR in {sup 204,206,208}Pb.« less

We measured aqueous flare in 16 glaucomatous eyes after trabeculectomy in which 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or mitomycin C (MMC) had been used as an adjunctive therapy. The eyes were divided into a 5-FU and an MMC group, matched for factors that might influence the postoperative inflammatory response to intraocular surgery. Seven eyes of seven patients received subconjunctival injections of 5-FU (50 mg in 2 weeks) and nine eyes of nine patients were given 0.2 mg/0.5 mL MMC intraoperatively. The aqueous flare converted to an albumin concentration mg/dLj was significantly higher in the 5-FU group than in the MMC group (359.6 ± 113.8 mg/dL and 143.2 ± 46.7 mg/dL, respectively; Mann-Whitney U test, P < .05) on the second postoperative day. Intraoperative MMC appears to be no more harmful to the blood-aqueous barrier than 5-FU.

We measured the differential cross sections for the 02+ state at Ex = 7.654 MeV in 12C via the (p,p′) reaction at an incident energy of 300 MeV, and in an angular range from 2.7° to 40°. We analyzed the data with the distorted‐wave Born‐approximation (DWBA) employing transition densities obtained in a macroscopic collective model, a microscopic α‐cluster model, and a microscopic α‐cluster condensation model. It is concluded that the present results for the 12C(p,p′) reaction at 300 MeV is quite consistent with the assumption that the 02+ state at Ex = 7.654 MeV has the wave function with the α‐cluster condensation.We measured the differential cross sections for the 02+ state at Ex = 7.654 MeV in 12C via the (p,p′) reaction at an incident energy of 300 MeV, and in an angular range from 2.7° to 40°. We analyzed the data with the distorted‐wave Born‐approximation (DWBA) employing transition densities obtained in a macroscopic collective model, a microscopic α‐cluster model, and a microscopic α‐cluster condensation model. It is concluded that the present results for the 12C(p,p′) reaction at 300 MeV is quite consistent with the assumption that the 02+ state at Ex = 7.654 MeV has the wave function with the α‐cluster condensation.

An intense isotropic source of multicharged carbon and oxygen ions with energy above 300 keV and particle number >108 per shot was obtained by femtosecond Ti:Sa laser irradiation of submicron clusters. The source was employed for high-contrast contact ionography images with 600 nm spatial resolution. A variation in object thickness of 100 nm was well resolved for both Zr and polymer foils.

Laser light reflection by a relativistically moving electron density modulation (flying mirror) in a wake wave generated in a plasma by a high intensity laser pulse is investigated experimentally. A counterpropagating laser pulse is reflected and upshifted in frequency with a multiplication factor of 37--66, corresponding to the extreme ultraviolet wavelength. The demonstrated flying mirror reflectivity (from $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ to $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, and from $1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ to $0.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, for the photon number and pulse energy, respectively) is close to the theoretical estimate for the parameters of the experiment.

Compton backscattered x‐ray source is developed in the energy region of a few hundred keV at Kansai Photon Science Institute of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (KPSI‐JAEA). A remarkable feature of the Compton backscattered x‐ray source is that the generated x‐ray beam is a well‐collimated and has a definite polarization property. The Compton backscattered x‐ray source at KPSI‐JAEA consists of the 150‐MeV electron beam with the pulse duration of 24 ps accelerated by Microtron accelerator and a Nd:YAG laser with the pulse duration of 23 ns. At the first trial of the X‐ray generation, the x‐ray flux is not enough for actual use. As an actual x‐ray source, it is important to increase the generated x‐ray flux as much as possible. Thus, in order to increase the x‐ray flux, we develop the pulse compression system for the Nd:YAG laser through the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The SBS pulse compression is characterized by its high conversion efficiency and by its simplicity of construction. On this article, we describe the present status of the SBS pulse compression for the Compton backscattered x‐ray source at KPSI‐JAEA.

The intense isotropic source of multicharged ions, with energy above 300 keV, was produced by femtosecond Ti:Sa laser pulses irradiation (intensity of ∼4×1017 W/cm2) of the He and CO2 gases mixture expanded in supersonic jet. High contrast ionography images have been obtained for 2000 dpi metal mesh, 1 μm polypropylene and 100 nm Zr foils, as well as for different biological objects. Images were recorded on 1 mm thick CR‐39 ion detector placed in contact with back surface of the imaged samples, at the distances 140–160 mm from the plasma source. The obtained spatial resolution of the image was ∼600 nm. A 100 nm object thickness difference was resolved very well for both Zr and polymer foils. The multicharged ion energy for Carbon and Oxygen ions passing through the 1 μm polypropylene foil is estimated to give the energy of more than 300 keV. An almost equal number of ions were measured with total number of about 108 per shot at a different direction from plasma source. Easy production of different sub‐MeV...

The high‐intensive source of soft X‐ray emission was developed by femtosecond laser pulses irradiation of submicron size CO2 clusters, produced in custom designed super‐sonic nozzle while mixing the 10% CO2+90% He expanding gases. The LiF crystal soft X‐ray detectors have been used for obtaining absorption images of ultrathin (nanoscale) foils and biological structures illuminated by the developed source. It was demonstrated that even if the foil is essentially transparent for the soft X‐ray radiation (like 100 nm thick Zr foil), the image contrast could be significantly increased due to the influence of propagation‐based phase‐contrast effect, by placing the detector at the proper distance from the sample.

Laser‐plasma interaction generates a high energy electron beam. The laser contrast ratio is one of the important parameters for laser acceleration due to pre‐plasma effects. For the high laser contrast ratio, a 140 MeV monoenergetic electron beam with a charge of 100 pC is obtained. For the low laser contrast ratio; a low quality electron beam or no electron beam are generated, because the pre‐pulse blowout plasma electrons and put into disorder the plasma before the main pulse interacting the plasma. The laser contrast ratio should be high in order to generate a high quality electron beam with a high charge.

Differential cross sections for transitions of known weak strength were measured with the (3He,t) reaction at 420 MeV on targets of 12C, 13C, 18O, 26Mg, 58Ni, 60Ni, 90Zr, 118Sn, 120Sn and 208Pb. Using this data, it is shown the proportionalities between strengths and cross sections for this probe follow simple trends as a function of mass number. These trends can be used to confidently determine Gamow-Teller strength distributions in nuclei for which the proportionality cannot be calibrated via beta-decay strengths. Although theoretical calculations in distorted-wave Born approximation overestimate the data, they allow one to understand the main experimental features and to predict deviations from the simple trends observed in some of the transitions., 4 pages, 2 figures

Gamow-Teller (GT) transition is the most popular nuclear weak process with the nature of spin-isospin excitation. GT transitions in pf -shell nuclei, including those starting from unstable nuclei, are of interest, due to their importance in astrophysical processes. Weak processes, however, gives us rather limited information on the GT response of nuclei. We introduce high-resolution ( 3 He ,t )reactionat0 ◦ and at an intermediate beam energy as a new spectroscopic tool for studying GT excitations. Owing to the high energy-resolution of the reaction ( ≈ 30 keV), individual transitions can be observed up to the region of GT giant resonance. Assuming isospin symmetry for the T z = ± 1 → 0 isobaric analogous transitions in isobars with mass number A , we present a new method to deduce GT transition strengths starting from proton rich exotic nuclei. ispartof: pages:70- ispartof: Nuclear Physics A vol:788 issue:1-4 pages:70- ispartof: 2nd International Conference on Collective Motion in Nuclei Under Extreme Conditions location:St Goar: GERMANY date:20 Jun - 23 Jun 2006 status: published

We investigated charged‐particle decay from the high‐lying dipole resonances at Ex=24 MeV in 6He and at 18 MeV in 7He via the 6,7Li(7Li,7Be x) reactions at 455 MeV and at 0°. d‐ and t‐decay, and t‐decay was observed as the dominant decay modes for these resonances in 6He and 7He, respectively. The yield ratios observed for charged particle decay were qualitatively consistent with those expected from the assumption that the resonances are the analogs of the dipole resonances in the α cluster in 6Li and 7Li, but could not be explained by simple phase space calculations.

The strength distributions of the giant monopole resonance (GMR) have been measured in the even-A Sn isotopes (A=112--124) with inelastic scattering of 400-MeV $\alpha$ particles in the angular range $0^\circ$--$8.5^\circ$. We find that the experimentally-observed GMR energies of the Sn isotopes are lower than the values predicted by theoretical calculations that reproduce the GMR energies in $^{208}$Pb and $^{90}$Zr very well. From the GMR data, a value of $K_{\tau} = -550 \pm 100$ MeV is obtained for the asymmetry-term in the nuclear incompressibility., Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letters. 10 pages; 4 figures

The Gamow-Teller strength distributions below the particle threshold in 138La and 180Ta, deduced from high-resolution measurements of the (3He,t) reaction at 0 degrees, allow us to evaluate the role of charged-current reactions for the production of these extremely rare nuclides in neutrino-nucleosynthesis models. The analysis suggests that essentially all 138La in the Universe can be made that way. Neutrino nucleosynthesis also contributes significantly to the abundance of 180Ta but the magnitude depends on the unknown branching ratio for population of the long-lived isomer.

The isoscalar giant monopole resonance (GMR) has been investigated in a series of Sn isotopes (A=112--124) using inelstic scattering of 400-MeV alpha particles at extremely forward angles (including 0deg). The primary aim of the investigation has been to explore the role of the "symmetry-energy" term in the expression for nuclear incompressibility. It is found that the energies of the GMR in the Sn isotopes are significantly lower than those expected from the nuclear incompressibility previously extracted from the available data on the compressional-mode giant resonances., Invited talk at COMEX2:Second International Conference on Collective Motion in Nuclei under Extreme Conditions, St. Goar, Germany, June 20-23, 2006. To be published, eventually, in Nuclear Phys. A. 8 pages, 4 figures

Current therapies used in the treatment of breast cancer are limited by systemic toxicity, rapid drug metabolism and intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. We have previously shown that adenoviral-mediated transfer of the melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (mda-7) elicits growth inhibition and apoptosis in various tumor types. Here, we evaluate the effects of Ad-mda7, alone and in combination with other therapies, against a panel of nine breast tumor cell lines and their normal counterparts; we report selective Ad-mda7-mediated p53-independent growth inhibition, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. In vivo, Ad-mda7 induced p53-independent tumor growth inhibition (P

The isovector giant dipole resonance (GDR) of the α‐clusters in 6Li and 7Li, and the GDR in 4He were investigated by using the 6,7Li(p,p′) and 4He(p,p′) reactions, respectively, at an incident energy of 300 MeV. The cross sections for the excitation of the GDR in the α clusters in 6,7Li normalized with the spectroscopic factors of the α‐particle for 6,7Li agreed to the GDR cross section in 4He. The excitation energies and widths for the GDR in α clusters were larger than those for the GDR in 4He by 2–4 MeV and 0.5–4 MeV, respectively.

The isovector giant dipole resonance (GDR) of an α‐cluster in 6Li and 7Li, and their analogs in 6,7He and 6,7Be were searched for by using the 6,7Li(p,p′), 6,7Li(3He,t) and 6,7Li(7Li,7Be) reactions at the incident energies of 300, 450 and 455 MeV, respectively. New resonances were found for the first time at Ex=27.0±1.5 MeV in 6Li and at Ex=29.0±1.5 MeV in 7Li, both with widths (FWHM) of 12±2 MeV. In 6He, 6Be, 7He and 7Be resonances with widths of 12±2 MeV were observed via the charge exchange reactions at Ex=24.0±1.5, 23.5±1.5, 18.0±1.5, and 28.0±1.5 MeV, respectively. All of these resonances were assigned to be dipole resonances based on the measured angular distributions of differential cross sections. The resonance shapes were reproduced well with the resonance shape of the GDR of 4He reported in the (γ,n) reaction. The averaged ratios of the cross sections for these resonances in A=6 to those in A=7 for each isotope were estimated to be nealy unity, 1.2±0.3. The averaged value of the respective cross section ratios of these resonances to the GDR in their respective target nuclei was 0.44±0.08, which was consistent with the ratios of the cross sections of the GDR in 4He to those of the GDR in 6,7Li reported in the photo‐nuclear reactions. The excitation energies of these dipole resonances in A=6 and 7 nuclei relative to the separation energies of an α‐particle in 6Li and 7Li, respectively, agreed well with the excitation energy of the GDR in 4He (≈26 MeV). We conclude that the resonances observed in 6,7Li are the GDR of the α‐cluster and the resonances in 6,7He and 6,7Be are their analogs.

Tri‐nucleon molecular structures in 6He and 6Be were investigated by using the 6Li(7Li,7Be)6He reaction at 455 MeV and 6Li(3He,t)6Be reaction at 450 MeV, respectively. Binary decay into t+t from a broad state at Ex = 18.0 ± 1.0 MeV in 6He and into 3He+3He from one at Ex = 18.0 ± 1.2 MeV in 6Be, were observed by measuring tri‐nucleon cluster‐decays in coincidence with reaction‐particles. The branching ratios for binary decay were estimated to be about 0.7 for both 6He and 6Be. From the angular correlations of decay particles, these states are assigned to be P states.

Development of blue LDs (laser diodes) enables us to achieve a high areal density with conventional MO media. We already reported the importance of thermal flow control of media. We also proposed the new disk structure suitable for a blue laser in this paper. We report the feasibility to achieve higher areal density (10 Gbit/inch/sup 2/) using the new disk structure, and land and groove recording technique. In order to suppress the cross talk from the adjacent tracks, we also use an optical phase shift method.

The excitation and subsequent proton decay of the isovector spin-flip giant monopole resonance (IVSGMR) is studied via the 208Pb(3He,t) reaction at 410 MeV. In the inclusive spectrum (60+/-5)% of the non-energy-weighted sum-rule strength for this 2 variant Planck's over 2h omega resonance was found in the region 29Ex(208Bi)51 MeV. The central excitation energy and width of the IVSGMR are 37+/-1 MeV and 14+/-3 MeV, respectively. It is found that the branching ratio for proton decay is (52+/-12)% and that the deep neutron-hole states in 207Pb are strongly fed.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces a variety of extrahepatic manifestations such as oral lichen planus (OLP). To clarify the role of HCV in the development of OLP, we investigated the occurrence of OLP in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon (IFN). Of 275 patients with chronic hepatitis C, 6 developed OLP during the IFN treatment. However, OLP developed in none of 230 patients with chronic hepatitis C who did not undergo the IFN therapy. The IFN treatment in chronic hepatitis C patients developed OLP significantly, as compared with the non-treated group (p0.05). 4 of 6 patients who developed OLP during the IFN treatment had a complete response with normalization of ALT levels and undetectable HCV RNA after the treatment. There were no significant correlations between the effect of the IFN treatment and outcome of OLP. Furthermore, 3 of the 6 patients developed OLP, when serum HCV RNA became negative. These results suggest that direct viral factors may not be important in the pathogenesis of OLP in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Immunological changes caused by IFN may play a role in the development of OLP associated with HCV infection.

To determine the effects of mitomycin C (MMC) dissolved in a gel, which is as effective as a higher dose of aqueous MMC solution, on aqueous flare in rabbits.We injected subconjunctivally a 0.1 ml solution of MMC containing 30, 10, 3.0, or 0.3 micrograms of MMC dissolved in a reversible thermo-setting gel in pigmented rabbits. As a control, a 0.1 ml aqueous solution of 30 micrograms MMC was injected subconjunctivally. Aqueous flare was measured for 28 days after the injection.The aqueous flare in the 30 micrograms gel group was also level similar to that in the 30 micrograms aqueous solution group, but the aqueous flare in the 10, 3.0, and 0.3 micrograms gel groups was significantly lower. The increase in the aqueous flare following the administration of MMC gel was dose-dependent.The administration of MMC dissolved in a gel can diminish the ocular inflammation by reducing the dose of MMC needed for the antiproliferative effect.

To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of memantine and dizocilpine, which are noncompetitive open-channel blockers of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, on glaucomatous optic neuropathy in an experimental glaucoma model in the rat.Experimental glaucoma was induced in the right eyes of 30 Wistar albino rats by intracameral injection of India ink followed by laser trabecular photocoagulation 4 days later. The left eye served as a control. Either memantine, dizocilpine, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected intraperitoneally just before trabecular photocoagulation. Five days later, 3% fast blue was injected into both superior colliculi. The eyes were enucleated another 3 days later and flat mounts of the retinas were prepared. Labeled ganglion cells were counted in the area 1 mm away from the optic disc.Five days after laser application, no significant intraocular pressure (IOP) change in the right eye was found among the 3 groups. In eyes treated with memantine or dizocilpine, significantly more ganglion cells were labeled.Systemically applied memantine and dizocilpine had a neuroprotective effect against experimental glaucomatous optic neuropathy in the rat.