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1. Probing the Connection between IceCube Neutrinos and MOJAVE AGN

Author

R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, S. K. Agarwalla, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, J. M. Alameddine, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, C. Argüelles, Y. Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, L. Ausborm, S. N. Axani, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., M. Baricevic, S. W. Barwick, S. Bash, V. Basu, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, J. Beise, C. Bellenghi, C. Benning, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, E. Blaufuss, L. Bloom, S. Blot, F. Bontempo, J. Y. Book Motzkin, C. Boscolo Meneguolo, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, J. Braun, B. Brinson, J. Brostean-Kaiser, L. Brusa, R. T. Burley, D. Butterfield, M. A. Campana, I. Caracas, K. Carloni, J. Carpio, S. Chattopadhyay, N. Chau, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, B. A. Clark, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, R. Corley, D. F. Cowen, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, D. Delgado, S. Deng, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, P. Dierichs, M. Dittmer, A. Domi, L. Draper, H. Dujmovic, D. Durnford, K. Dutta, M. A. DuVernois, T. Ehrhardt, L. Eidenschink, A. Eimer, P. Eller, E. Ellinger, S. El Mentawi, D. Elsässer, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, K. L. Fan, K. Fang, K. Farrag, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, N. Feigl, S. Fiedlschuster, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, S. Fukami, P. Fürst, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, A. Garcia, M. Garcia, G. Garg, E. Genton, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, C. Girard-Carillo, C. Glaser, T. Glüsenkamp, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, A. Granados, D. Grant, S. J. Gray, O. Gries, S. Griffin, S. Griswold, K. M. Groth, D. Guevel, C. Günther, P. Gutjahr, C. Ha, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, L. Halve, F. Halzen, H. Hamdaoui, M. Ha Minh, M. Handt, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. A. Harnisch, P. Hatch, A. Haungs, J. Häußler, K. Helbing, J. Hellrung, J. Hermannsgabner, L. Heuermann, N. Heyer, S. Hickford, A. Hidvegi, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, S. Hori, K. Hoshina, M. Hostert, W. Hou, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, K. Hymon, A. Ishihara, W. Iwakiri, M. Jacquart, S. Jain, O. Janik, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, M. Jin, B. J. P. Jones, N. Kamp, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, L. Kardum, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, A. Katil, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, M. Khanal, A. Khatee Zathul, A. Kheirandish, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, A. Kochocki, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynets, J. Krishnamoorthi, K. Kruiswijk, E. Krupczak, A. Kumar, E. Kun, N. Kurahashi, N. Lad, C. Lagunas Gualda, M. Lamoureux, M. J. Larson, S. Latseva, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, J. W. Lee, K. Leonard DeHolton, A. Leszczyńska, J. Liao, M. Lincetto, Y. T. Liu, M. Liubarska, C. Love, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, J. Madsen, E. Magnus, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, E. Manao, S. Mancina, W. Marie Sainte, I. C. Mariş, S. Marka, Z. Marka, M. Marsee, I. Martinez-Soler, R. Maruyama, F. Mayhew, F. McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, S. Mechbal, A. Medina, M. Meier, Y. Merckx, L. Merten, J. Micallef, J. Mitchell, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, Y. Morii, R. Morse, M. Moulai, T. Mukherjee, R. Naab, R. Nagai, M. Nakos, U. Naumann, J. Necker, A. Negi, L. Neste, M. Neumann, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, K. Noda, A. Noell, A. Novikov, A. Obertacke Pollmann, V. O’Dell, B. Oeyen, A. Olivas, R. Orsoe, J. Osborn, E. O’Sullivan, V. Palusova, H. Pandya, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, T. Pernice, J. Peterson, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, A. Pontén, Y. Popovych, M. Prado Rodriguez, B. Pries, R. Procter-Murphy, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, J. Rack-Helleis, M. Ravn, K. Rawlins, Z. Rechav, A. Rehman, P. Reichherzer, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, B. Riedel, A. Rifaie, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, S. Rodan, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, A. Rosted, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, L. Ruohan, D. Ryckbosch, I. Safa, J. Saffer, D. Salazar-Gallegos, P. Sampathkumar, A. Sandrock, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, J. Savelberg, P. Savina, P. Schaile, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, L. Schlickmann, B. Schlüter, F. Schlüter, N. Schmeisser, T. Schmidt, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, M. Seikh, M. Seo, S. Seunarine, P. Sevle Myhr, R. Shah, S. Shefali, N. Shimizu, M. Silva, B. Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, A. Søgaard, D. Soldin, P. Soldin, G. Sommani, C. Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, M. Thiesmeyer, W. G. Thompson, J. Thwaites, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, R. Turcotte, J. P. Twagirayezu, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, A. K. Upadhyay, K. Upshaw, A. Vaidyanathan, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, J. Vara, F. Varsi, J. Veitch-Michaelis, M. Venugopal, M. Vereecken, S. Vergara Carrasco, S. Verpoest, D. Veske, A. Vijai, C. Walck, A. Wang, C. Weaver, P. Weigel, A. Weindl, J. Weldert, A. Y. Wen, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, L. Witthaus, A. Wolf, M. Wolf, G. Wrede, X. W. Xu, J. P. Yanez, E. Yildizci, S. Yoshida, R. Young, S. Yu, T. Yuan, Z. Zhang, P. Zhelnin, P. Zilberman, and M. Zimmerman

Subjects
Neutrino astronomy, High energy astrophysics, Radio astronomy, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are prime candidate sources of the high-energy, astrophysical neutrinos detected by IceCube. This is demonstrated by the real-time multimessenger detection of the blazar TXS 0506+056 and the recent evidence of neutrino emission from NGC 1068 from a separate time-averaged study. However, the production mechanism of the astrophysical neutrinos in AGN is not well established, which can be resolved via correlation studies with photon observations. For neutrinos produced due to photohadronic interactions in AGN, in addition to a correlation of neutrinos with high-energy photons, there would also be a correlation of neutrinos with photons emitted at radio wavelengths. In this work, we perform an in-depth stacking study of the correlation between 15 GHz radio observations of AGN reported in the MOJAVE XV catalog, and 10 yr of neutrino data from IceCube. We also use a time-dependent approach, which improves the statistical power of the stacking analysis. No significant correlation was found for both analyses, and upper limits are reported. When compared to the IceCube diffuse flux, at 100 TeV and for a spectral index of 2.5, the upper limits derived are ∼3% and ∼9% for the time-averaged and time-dependent cases, respectively.

Published
2024
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2. Search for Joint Multimessenger Signals from Potential Galactic Cosmic-Ray Accelerators with HAWC and IceCube

Author

R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, D. Depaoli, N. Di Lalla, R. Diaz Hernandez, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, K. Engel, T. Ergin, K. L. Fan, K. Fang, N. Fraija, S. Fraija, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, S. Groetsch, J. P. Harding, S. Hernández-Cadena, I. Herzog, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, S. Kaufmann, J. Lee, H. León Vargas, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J. A. Montes, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, L. Nellen, M. U. Nisa, N. Omodei, M. Osorio, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, H. Salazar, D. Salazar-Gallegos, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, X. Wang, I. J. Watson, K. Whitaker, E. Willox, H. Wu, S. Yu, S. Yun-Cárcamo, H. Zhou, C. de León, HAWC Collaboration, R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, S. K. Agarwalla, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, J. M. Alameddine, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, C. Argüelles, Y. Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, L. Ausborm, S. N. Axani, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., M. Baricevic, S. W. Barwick, S. Bash, V. Basu, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, J. Beise, C. Bellenghi, C. Benning, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, E. Blaufuss, L. Bloom, S. Blot, F. Bontempo, J. Y. Book Motzkin, C. Boscolo Meneguolo, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, J. Braun, B. Brinson, J. Brostean-Kaiser, L. Brusa, R. T. Burley, D. Butterfield, M. A. Campana, I. Caracas, K. Carloni, J. Carpio, S. Chattopadhyay, N. Chau, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, B. A. Clark, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, R. Corley, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, D. Delgado, S. Deng, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, P. Dierichs, M. Dittmer, A. Domi, L. Draper, H. Dujmovic, K. Dutta, M. A. DuVernois, T. Ehrhardt, L. Eidenschink, A. Eimer, P. Eller, E. Ellinger, S. El Mentawi, D. Elsässer, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, K. Farrag, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, N. Feigl, S. Fiedlschuster, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, S. Fukami, P. Fürst, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, A. Garcia, M. Garcia, G. Garg, E. Genton, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, C. Girard-Carillo, C. Glaser, T. Glüsenkamp, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, A. Granados, D. Grant, S. J. Gray, O. Gries, S. Griffin, S. Griswold, K. M. Groth, C. Günther, P. Gutjahr, C. Ha, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, L. Halve, F. Halzen, H. Hamdaoui, M. Ha Minh, M. Handt, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. A. Harnisch, P. Hatch, A. Haungs, J. Häußler, K. Helbing, J. Hellrung, J. Hermannsgabner, L. Heuermann, N. Heyer, S. Hickford, A. Hidvegi, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, S. Hori, K. Hoshina, M. Hostert, W. Hou, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, K. Hymon, A. Ishihara, W. Iwakiri, M. Jacquart, O. Janik, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, M. Jin, B. J. P. Jones, N. Kamp, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, L. Kardum, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, A. Katil, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, M. Khanal, A. Khatee Zathul, A. Kheirandish, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, A. Kochocki, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynets, J. Krishnamoorthi, K. Kruiswijk, E. Krupczak, A. Kumar, E. Kun, N. Kurahashi, N. Lad, C. Lagunas Gualda, M. Lamoureux, M. J. Larson, S. Latseva, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, J. W. Lee, K. Leonard DeHolton, A. Leszczyńska, J. Liao, M. Lincetto, Y. T. Liu, M. Liubarska, E. Lohfink, C. Love, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, J. Madsen, E. Magnus, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, E. Manao, S. Mancina, W. Marie Sainte, I. C. Mariş, S. Marka, Z. Marka, M. Marsee, I. Martinez-Soler, R. Maruyama, F. Mayhew, F. McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, S. Mechbal, A. Medina, M. Meier, Y. Merckx, L. Merten, J. Micallef, J. Mitchell, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, Y. Morii, R. Morse, M. Moulai, T. Mukherjee, R. Naab, R. Nagai, M. Nakos, U. Naumann, J. Necker, A. Negi, L. Neste, M. Neumann, H. Niederhausen, K. Noda, A. Noell, A. Novikov, A. Obertacke Pollmann, V. O’Dell, B. Oeyen, A. Olivas, R. Orsoe, J. Osborn, E. O’Sullivan, H. Pandya, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, T. Pernice, J. Peterson, S. Philippen, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, A. Pontén, Y. Popovych, M. Prado Rodriguez, B. Pries, R. Procter-Murphy, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, J. Rack-Helleis, M. Ravn, K. Rawlins, Z. Rechav, A. Rehman, P. Reichherzer, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, B. Riedel, A. Rifaie, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, S. Rodan, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, A. Rosted, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, L. Ruohan, D. Ryckbosch, I. Safa, J. Saffer, P. Sampathkumar, A. Sandrock, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, J. Savelberg, P. Savina, P. Schaile, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, B. Schlüter, F. Schlüter, N. Schmeisser, T. Schmidt, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, M. Seikh, M. Seo, S. Seunarine, P. Sevle Myhr, R. Shah, S. Shefali, N. Shimizu, M. Silva, B. Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, A. Søgaard, D. Soldin, P. Soldin, G. Sommani, C. Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, M. Thiesmeyer, W. G. Thompson, J. Thwaites, S. Tilav, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, R. Turcotte, J. P. Twagirayezu, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, A. K. Upadhyay, K. Upshaw, A. Vaidyanathan, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, J. Vara, J. Veitch-Michaelis, M. Venugopal, M. Vereecken, S. Verpoest, D. Veske, A. Vijai, C. Walck, A. Wang, C. Weaver, P. Weigel, A. Weindl, J. Weldert, A. Y. Wen, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, L. Witthaus, A. Wolf, M. Wolf, G. Wrede, X. W. Xu, J. P. Yanez, E. Yildizci, S. Yoshida, R. Young, T. Yuan, Z. Zhang, P. Zhelnin, P. Zilberman, M. Zimmerman, and IceCube Collaboration

Subjects
Neutrino astronomy, Gamma-ray astronomy, Particle astrophysics, High energy astrophysics, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

The origin of high-energy galactic cosmic rays is yet to be understood, but some galactic cosmic-ray accelerators can accelerate cosmic rays up to PeV energies. The high-energy cosmic rays are expected to interact with the surrounding material or radiation, resulting in the production of gamma-rays and neutrinos. To optimize for the detection of such associated production of gamma-rays and neutrinos for a given source morphology and spectrum, a multimessenger analysis that combines gamma-rays and neutrinos is required. In this study, we use the Multi-Mission Maximum Likelihood framework with IceCube Maximum Likelihood Analysis software and HAWC Accelerated Likelihood to search for a correlation between 22 known gamma-ray sources from the third HAWC gamma-ray catalog and 14 yr of IceCube track-like data. No significant neutrino emission from the direction of the HAWC sources was found. We report the best-fit gamma-ray model and 90% CL neutrino flux limit from the 22 sources. From the neutrino flux limit, we conclude that, for five of the sources, the gamma-ray emission observed by HAWC cannot be produced purely from hadronic interactions. We report the limit for the fraction of gamma-rays produced by hadronic interactions for these five sources.

Published
2024
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3. Multimessenger Characterization of Markarian 501 during Historically Low X-Ray and γ-Ray Activity

Author

H. Abe, S. Abe, V. A. Acciari, I. Agudo, T. Aniello, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet-Engels, C. Arcaro, M. Artero, K. Asano, D. Baack, A. Babić, A. Baquero, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, I. Batković, J. Baxter, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, M. Bernardos, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, I. Burelli, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, M. Carretero-Castrillo, A. J. Castro-Tirado, G. Ceribella, Y. Chai, A. Chilingarian, S. Cikota, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, G. D’Amico, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, A. Del Popolo, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, D. Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, G. Emery, J. Escudero, V. Fallah Ramazani, L. Fariña, A. Fattorini, L. Foffano, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, S. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, J. G. Giesbrecht Paiva, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, P. Gliwny, N. Godinović, R. Grau, D. Green, J. G. Green, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, L. Heckmann, J. Herrera, D. Hrupec, M. Hütten, R. Imazawa, T. Inada, R. Iotov, K. Ishio, I. Jiménez Martínez, J. Jormanainen, D. Kerszberg, Y. Kobayashi, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, L. Linhoff, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, R. López-Coto, M. López-Moya, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, A. Lorini, E. Lyard, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, G. Maneva, N. Mang, M. Manganaro, S. Mangano, K. Mannheim, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, A. Mas-Aguilar, D. Mazin, S. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, D. Miceli, T. Miener, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, H. A. Mondal, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, T. Nakamori, C. Nanci, L. Nava, V. Neustroev, M. Nievas Rosillo, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, T. Njoh Ekoume, K. Noda, S. Nozaki, Y. Ohtani, T. Oka, A. Okumura, J. Otero-Santos, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, L. Pavletić, M. Persic, M. Pihet, G. Pirola, F. Podobnik, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, G. Principe, C. Priyadarshi, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, F. G. Saturni, B. Schleicher, K. Schmidt, F. Schmuckermaier, J. L. Schubert, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, V. Sliusar, D. Sobczynska, A. Spolon, A. Stamerra, J. Strišković, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, H. Tajima, M. Takahashi, R. Takeishi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, K. Terauchi, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, L. Tosti, S. Truzzi, A. Tutone, S. Ubach, J. van Scherpenberg, M. Vazquez Acosta, S. Ventura, V. Verguilov, I. Viale, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, R. Walter, M. Will, C. Wunderlich, T. Yamamoto, D. Zarić, The MAGIC Collaboration, M. Cerruti, J. A. Acosta-Pulido, G. Apolonio, R. Bachev, M. Baloković, E. Benítez, I. Björklund, V. Bozhilov, L. F. Brown, A. Bugg, W. Carbonell, M. I. Carnerero, D. Carosati, C. Casadio, W. Chamani, W. P. Chen, R. A. Chigladze, G. Damljanovic, K. Epps, A. Erkenov, M. Feige, J. Finke, A. Fuentes, K. Gazeas, M. Giroletti, T. S. Grishina, A. C. Gupta, M. A. Gurwell,, E. Heidemann, D. Hiriart, W. J. Hou, T. Hovatta, S. Ibryamov, M. D. Joner, S. G. Jorstad, J. Kania, S. Kiehlmann, G. N. Kimeridze, E. N. Kopatskaya, M. Kopp, M. Korte, B. Kotas, S. Koyama, J. A. Kramer, L. Kunkel, S. O. Kurtanidze, O. M. Kurtanidze, A. Lähteenmäki, J. M. López, V. M. Larionov, E. G. Larionova, L. V. Larionova, C. Leto, C. Lorey, R. Mújica, G. M. Madejski, N. Marchili, A. P. Marscher, M. Minev, A. Modaressi, D. A. Morozova, T. Mufakharov, I. Myserlis, A. A. Nikiforova, M. G. Nikolashvili, E. Ovcharov, M. Perri, C. M. Raiteri, A. C. S. Readhead, A. Reimer, D. Reinhart, S. Righini, K. Rosenlehner, A. C. Sadun, S. S. Savchenko, A. Scherbantin, L. Schneider, K. Schoch, D. Seifert, E. Semkov, L. A. Sigua, C. Singh, P. Sola, Y. Sotnikova, M. Spencer, R. Steineke, M. Stojanovic, A. Strigachev, M. Tornikoski, E. Traianou, A. Tramacere, Yu. V. Troitskaya, I. S. Troitskiy, J. B. Trump, A. Tsai, A. Valcheva, A. A. Vasilyev, F. Verrecchia, M. Villata, O. Vince, K. Vrontaki, Z. R. Weaver, E. Zaharieva, and N. Zottmann

Subjects
Active galaxies, BL Lacertae objects, Markarian galaxies, Active galactic nuclei, Blazars, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We study the broadband emission of Mrk 501 using multiwavelength observations from 2017 to 2020 performed with a multitude of instruments, involving, among others, MAGIC, Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT), NuSTAR, Swift, GASP-WEBT, and the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. Mrk 501 showed an extremely low broadband activity, which may help to unravel its baseline emission. Nonetheless, significant flux variations are detected at all wave bands, with the highest occurring at X-rays and very-high-energy (VHE) γ -rays. A significant correlation (>3 σ ) between X-rays and VHE γ -rays is measured, supporting leptonic scenarios to explain the variable parts of the emission, also during low activity. This is further supported when we extend our data from 2008 to 2020, and identify, for the first time, significant correlations between the Swift X-Ray Telescope and Fermi-LAT. We additionally find correlations between high-energy γ -rays and radio, with the radio lagging by more than 100 days, placing the γ -ray emission zone upstream of the radio-bright regions in the jet. Furthermore, Mrk 501 showed a historically low activity in X-rays and VHE γ -rays from mid-2017 to mid-2019 with a stable VHE flux (>0.2 TeV) of 5% the emission of the Crab Nebula. The broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of this 2 yr long low state, the potential baseline emission of Mrk 501, can be characterized with one-zone leptonic models, and with (lepto)-hadronic models fulfilling neutrino flux constraints from IceCube. We explore the time evolution of the SED toward the low state, revealing that the stable baseline emission may be ascribed to a standing shock, and the variable emission to an additional expanding or traveling shock.

Published
2023
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4. Observations of the Crab Nebula and Pulsar with the Large-sized Telescope Prototype of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author

H. Abe, K. Abe, S. Abe, A. Aguasca-Cabot, I. Agudo, N. Alvarez Crespo, L. A. Antonelli, C. Aramo, A. Arbet-Engels, C. Arcaro, M. Artero, K. Asano, P. Aubert, A. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Baquero Larriva, L. Baroncelli, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, I. Batkovic, J. Baxter, J. Becerra González, E. Bernardini, M. I. Bernardos, J. Bernete Medrano, A. Berti, P. Bhattacharjee, N. Biederbeck, C. Bigongiari, E. Bissaldi, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, A. Borghese, A. Bulgarelli, I. Burelli, M. Buscemi, M. Cardillo, S. Caroff, A. Carosi, F. Cassol, D. Cauz, G. Ceribella, Y. Chai, K. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, M. Chikawa, L. Chytka, A. Cifuentes, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, H. Costantini, G. D’Amico, M. Dalchenko, A. De Angelis, M. de Bony de Lavergne, B. De Lotto, R. de Menezes, G. Deleglise, C. Delgado, J. Delgado Mengual, D. della Volpe, M. Dellaiera, D. Depaoli, A. Di Piano, F. Di Pierro, R. Di Tria, L. Di Venere, C. Díaz, R. M. Dominik, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsässer, G. Emery, J. Escudero, V. Fallah Ramazani, G. Ferrara, F. Ferrarotto, A. Fiasson, L. Freixas Coromina, S. Fröse, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, E. Garcia, R. Garcia López, C. Gasbarra, D. Gasparrini, F. Geyer, J. Giesbrecht Paiva, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, E. Giro, P. Gliwny, N. Godinovic, R. Grau, D. Green, J. Green, S. Gunji, J. Hackfeld, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, K. Hashiyama, T. Hassan, K. Hayashi, L. Heckmann, M. Heller, J. Herrera Llorente, K. Hirotani, D. Hoffmann, D. Horns, J. Houles, M. Hrabovsky, D. Hrupec, D. Hui, M. Hütten, M. Iarlori, R. Imazawa, T. Inada, Y. Inome, K. Ioka, M. Iori, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, M. Jacquemont, I. Jimenez Martinez, J. Jurysek, M. Kagaya, V. Karas, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, D. Kerszberg, Y. Kobayashi, A. Kong, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, M. Lainez, G. Lamanna, A. Lamastra, T. Le Flour, M. Linhoff, F. Longo, R. López-Coto, M. López-Moya, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, A. Lorini, P. L. Luque-Escamilla, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, D. Mandat, M. Manganaro, G. Manicò, K. Mannheim, M. Mariotti, P. Marquez, G. Marsella, J. Martí, O. Martinez, G. Martínez, M. Martínez, P. Marusevec, A. Mas-Aguilar, G. Maurin, D. Mazin, E. Mestre Guillen, S. Micanovic, D. Miceli, T. Miener, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, T. Mizuno, M. Molero Gonzalez, E. Molina, T. Montaruli, I. Monteiro, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, A. Morselli, K. Mrakovcic, K. Murase, A. Nagai, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamori, L. Nickel, M. Nievas, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, D. Nosek, S. Nozaki, M. Ohishi, Y. Ohtani, T. Oka, N. Okazaki, A. Okumura, R. Orito, J. Otero-Santos, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, F. R. Pantaleo, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Pech, M. Pecimotika, M. Peresano, A. Pérez, E. Pietropaolo, G. Pirola, C. Plard, F. Podobnik, V. Poireau, M. Polo, E. Pons, E. Prandini, J. Prast, G. Principe, C. Priyadarshi, M. Prouza, R. Rando, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, V. Rizi, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J. E. Ruiz, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, D. A. Sanchez, T. Šarić, Y. Sato, F. G. Saturni, B. Schleicher, F. Schmuckermaier, J. L. Schubert, F. Schussler, T. Schweizer, M. Seglar Arroyo, R. Silvia, J. Sitarek, V. Sliusar, A. Spolon, J. Strišković, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, Y. Sunada, H. Tajima, H. Takahashi, M. Takahashi, J. Takata, R. Takeishi, P. H. T. Tam, S. J. Tanaka, D. Tateishi, L. A. Tejedor, P. Temnikov, Y. Terada, K. Terauchi, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, M. Tluczykont, F. Tokanai, D. F. Torres, P. Travnicek, S. Truzzi, A. Tutone, G. Uhlrich, M. Vacula, P. Vallania, J. van Scherpenberg, M. Vázquez Acosta, V. Verguilov, I. Viale, A. Vigliano, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, G. Voutsinas, I. Vovk, T. Vuillaume, R. Walter, M. Will, T. Yamamoto, R. Yamazaki, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, N. Zywucka, K. Bernlöhr, O. Gueta, K. Kosack, G. Maier, and J. Watson

Subjects
Gamma-ray astronomy, Gamma-ray sources, Astronomy data analysis, Pulsar wind nebulae, Pulsars, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a next-generation ground-based observatory for gamma-ray astronomy at very high energies. The Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1) is located at the CTA-North site, on the Canary Island of La Palma. LSTs are designed to provide optimal performance in the lowest part of the energy range covered by CTA, down to ≃20 GeV. LST-1 started performing astronomical observations in 2019 November, during its commissioning phase, and it has been taking data ever since. We present the first LST-1 observations of the Crab Nebula, the standard candle of very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy, and use them, together with simulations, to assess the performance of the telescope. LST-1 has reached the expected performance during its commissioning period—only a minor adjustment of the preexisting simulations was needed to match the telescope’s behavior. The energy threshold at trigger level is around 20 GeV, rising to ≃30 GeV after data analysis. Performance parameters depend strongly on energy, and on the strength of the gamma-ray selection cuts in the analysis: angular resolution ranges from 0.°12–0.°40, and energy resolution from 15%–50%. Flux sensitivity is around 1.1% of the Crab Nebula flux above 250 GeV for a 50 hr observation (12% for 30 minutes). The spectral energy distribution (in the 0.03–30 TeV range) and the light curve obtained for the Crab Nebula agree with previous measurements, considering statistical and systematic uncertainties. A clear periodic signal is also detected from the pulsar at the center of the Nebula.

Published
2023
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5. Influence of Stroke on Performance Characteristics of Synthetic Jet Fan

Author

K. Nishibe, Y. Nomura, K. Noda, H. Ohue, and K. Sato

Subjects
Synthetic jets, Jet pump, Fan performance curve, Pressure recovery, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract

Synthetic jets, whose size and weight can be reduced easily, have become an attractive alternative to continuous jets. Many experimental and numerical studies have been conducted on synthetic jets to investigate their fundamental flow characteristics, including jet structure, for applied research such as boundary layer control and enhanced fluid mixing. However, few studies have focused on fluid transportation devices using synthetic jets as a driving source. Therefore, several issues concerning fluid transport characteristics still need to be resolved. In addition, although optimum operation of devices using synthetic jets is essential for their practical use, few studies have focused on this issue. The present study experimentally demonstrates the influence of the dimensionless stoke L on the performance characteristics of a synthetic jet fan under Reynolds number Re = 1800 and the same fan geometry; here, the stroke l is nondimensionalized by the primary slot width b. Furthermore, numerical simulations are conducted to complement the experiment. Velocity and pressure measurements are performed using a hot-wire anemometer, differential pressure manometer, and pressure transducer. The influence of the dimensionless stroke L on the performance/efficiency curves, static pressure distribution on the duct surface, and unsteady flow characteristics are investigated. Moreover, the flow field inside the duct is observed through numerical simulation. The results show that the performance characteristics and pressure recovery process depend on the dimensionless stroke L, and an optimum range of dimensionless stroke L exists for operation.

Published
2018

6. Observation of the gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057 with the H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS telescopes

Author

Adams, C. B., Benbow, W., Brill, A., Buckley, J. H., Capasso, M., Chromey, A. J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Farrell, K. A., Feng, Q., Finley, J P., Foote, G., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gent, A., Gillanders, G. H., Giuri, C., Gueta, O., Hanna, D., Hassan, T., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hona, B., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Kleiner, T. K., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., McGrath, C. E., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Patel, S., Pfrang, K., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Prado, R. R., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Roache, E., Rovero, A. C., Ryan, J. L., Santander, M., Schlenstedt, S., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Tak, D., Vassiliev, V. V., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Williamson, T. J., Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bökenkamp, H., Bonnol, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nakamori, T., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Nozaki, K. Noda S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Spolon, D. Sobczynska A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Abdalla, H., Aharonian, F., Ait-Benkhali, F., Anguener, O., Arcaro, C., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Barnard, M., Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernloehr, K., Bi, B., Boettcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Bony, M., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bulik, T., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Chand, T., Chen, A., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Atai, A., Egberts, K., Ernenwein, J., Fegan, S., Fiasson, A., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Fontaine, G., Fuessling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J., Grondin, M., Hinton, J., Hofmann, W., Holch, T., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Z., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khelifi, B., Komin, N., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Stum, S. Le, Lemiere, A., Lenain, J., Leuschner, F., Levy, C., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marti'i-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., de Naurois, M., Nayerhoda, A., Niemiec, J., Noel, A., O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona-Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, D., Peron, G., Poireau, V., Prokhorov, D., Prokoph, H., Puehlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Velasco, E. Ruiz, Sahakian, V., Sailer, S., Salzmann, H., Sanchez, D., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schuessler, F., Schutte, H., Schwanke, U., Senniappan, M., Shapopi, J., Simoni, R., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Sun, L., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., van Soelen, B., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Y. W., Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A., Zech, A., Zhu, S., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., Moritani, Y., and Torres, D. F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The results of gamma-ray observations of the binary system HESS J0632+057 collected during 450 hours over 15 years, between 2004 and 2019, are presented. Data taken with the atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS at energies above 350 GeV were used together with observations at X-ray energies obtained with Swift-XRT, Chandra, XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and Suzaku. Some of these observations were accompanied by measurements of the H{\alpha} emission line. A significant detection of the modulation of the VHE gamma-ray fluxes with a period of 316.7+-4.4 days is reported, consistent with the period of 317.3+-0.7 days obtained with a refined analysis of X-ray data. The analysis of data of four orbital cycles with dense observational coverage reveals short timescale variability, with flux-decay timescales of less than 20 days at very high energies. Flux variations observed over the time scale of several years indicate orbit-to-orbit variability. The analysis confirms the previously reported correlation of X-ray and gamma-ray emission from the system at very high significance, but can not find any correlation of optical H{\alpha} parameters with X-ray or gamma-ray energy fluxes in simultaneous observations. The key finding is that the emission of HESS J0632+057 in the X-ray and gamma-ray energy bands is highly variable on different time scales. The ratio of gamma-ray to X-ray flux shows the equality or even dominance of the gamma-ray energy range. This wealth of new data is interpreted taking into account the insufficient knowledge of the ephemeris of the system, and discussed in the context of results reported on other gamma-ray binary systems., Comment: Accepted for publication by The Astrophysical Journal

Published
2021
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7. Design of a superconducting rotating gantry for heavy-ion therapy

Author

Y. Iwata, K. Noda, T. Shirai, T. Murakami, T. Furukawa, S. Mori, T. Fujita, A. Itano, K. Shouda, K. Mizushima, T. Fujimoto, T. Ogitsu, T. Obana, N. Amemiya, T. Orikasa, S. Takami, S. Takayama, and I. Watanabe

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

A superconducting rotating gantry for heavy-ion therapy is being designed. This isocentric rotating gantry can transport heavy ions with the maximum energy of 430 MeV/u to an isocenter with irradiation angles of over 0–360 degrees, and is further capable of performing three-dimensional raster-scanning irradiation. The combined-function superconducting magnets will be employed for the rotating gantry. The superconducting magnets with optimized beam optics allow a compact gantry design with a large scan size at the isocenter; the length and the radius of the gantry will be approximately 13 and 5.5 m, respectively, which are comparable to those for the existing proton gantries. Furthermore, the maximum scan size at the isocenter is calculated to be as large as approximately 200 mm square for heavy-ion beams at the maximum energy of 430 MeV/u. Based on the design of the beam optics, specifications of the superconducting magnets were determined. The superconducting magnets and magnetic-field distributions are designed using a three-dimensional field solver. With the calculated magnetic fields, beam-tracking simulations were performed to verify the design of the superconducting magnets, and concurrently to evaluate the field quality. With calculated beam profiles at the isocenter, we found that the positions of beam spots as well as their size and shape could be well reproduced as designed, proving validity of our design.

Published
2012
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10. Multiwavelength study of the gravitationally lensed blazar QSO B0218+357 between 2016 and 2020

Author

V A Acciari, S Ansoldi, L A Antonelli, A Arbet Engels, M Artero, K Asano, D Baack, A Babić, A Baquero, U Barres de Almeida, J A Barrio, I Batković, J Becerra González, W Bednarek, L Bellizzi, E Bernardini, M Bernardos, A Berti, J Besenrieder, W Bhattacharyya, C Bigongiari, A Biland, O Blanch, G Bonnoli, Ž Bošnjak, G Busetto, R Carosi, G Ceribella, M Cerruti, Y Chai, A Chilingarian, S Cikota, S M Colak, E Colombo, J L Contreras, J Cortina, S Covino, G D’Amico, V D’Elia, P Da Vela, F Dazzi, A De Angelis, B De Lotto, M Delfino, J Delgado, C Delgado Mendez, D Depaoli, F Di Pierro, L Di Venere, E Do Souto Espiñeira, D Dominis Prester, A Donini, D Dorner, M Doro, D Elsaesser, V Fallah Ramazani, A Fattorini, G Ferrara, M V Fonseca, L Font, C Fruck, S Fukami, R J García López, M Garczarczyk, S Gasparyan, M Gaug, N Giglietto, F Giordano, P Gliwny, N Godinović, J G Green, D Green, D Hadasch, A Hahn, L Heckmann, J Herrera, J Hoang, D Hrupec, M Hütten, T Inada, S Inoue, K Ishio, Y Iwamura, I Jiménez, J Jormanainen, L Jouvin, Y Kajiwara, M Karjalainen, D Kerszberg, Y Kobayashi, H Kubo, J Kushida, A Lamastra, D Lelas, F Leone, E Lindfors, S Lombardi, F Longo, R López-Coto, M López-Moya, A López-Oramas, S Loporchio, B Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C Maggio, P Majumdar, M Makariev, M Mallamaci, G Maneva, M Manganaro, K Mannheim, L Maraschi, M Mariotti, M Martínez, D Mazin, S Menchiari, S Mender, S Mićanović, D Miceli, T Miener, M Minev, J M Miranda, R Mirzoyan, E Molina, A Moralejo, D Morcuende, V Moreno, E Moretti, V Neustroev, C Nigro, K Nilsson, K Nishijima, K Noda, S Nozaki, Y Ohtani, T Oka, J Otero-Santos, S Paiano, M Palatiello, D Paneque, R Paoletti, J M Paredes, L Pavletić, P Peñil, C Perennes, M Persic, P G Prada Moroni, E Prandini, C Priyadarshi, I Puljak, W Rhode, M Ribó, J Rico, C Righi, A Rugliancich, L Saha, N Sahakyan, T Saito, S Sakurai, K Satalecka, F G Saturni, B Schleicher, K Schmidt, T Schweizer, J Sitarek, I Šnidarić, D Sobczynska, A Spolon, A Stamerra, D Strom, M Strzys, Y Suda, T Surić, M Takahashi, F Tavecchio, P Temnikov, T Terzić, M Teshima, L Tosti, S Truzzi, A Tutone, S Ubach, J van Scherpenberg, G Vanzo, M Vazquez Acosta, S Ventura, V Verguilov, C F Vigorito, V Vitale, I Vovk, M Will, C Wunderlich, D Zarić, F de Palma, F D’Ammando, A Barnacka, D K Sahu, M Hodges, T Hovatta, S Kiehlmann, W Max-Moerbeck, A C S Readhead, R Reeves, T J Pearson, A Lähteenmäki, I Björklund, M Tornikoski, J Tammi, S Suutarinen, K Hada, and K Niinuma

Published
2021
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11. Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies of Mrk 421 During Historically Low X-ray and Y-ray Activity in 2015–2016

Author

Janeth Valverde Quispe, V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, K. Asano, A. Babic, B. Banerjee, A. Baquero, U.BarresdeAlmeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra Gonzalez, W. Bednarek, L. Bellizzi, E. Bernardini, M. Bernardos, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Z. Bosnjak, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, M. Cerruti, Y. Chai, A. Chilingarian, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, G. D’Amico, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, D. Depaoli, T. Di Girolamo, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espineira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, M. Doro, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fattorini, G. Ferrara, L. Foffano, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, R. J. Garcıa Lopez, M. Garczarczyk, S. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, P. Gliwny, N. Godinovic, J. G. Green, D. Green, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, L. Heckmann, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, M. Hutten, T. Inada, S. Inoue, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, J. Jormanainen, L. Jouvin, Y. Kajiwara, M. Karjalainen, D. Kerszberg, Y. Kobayashi, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. Lopez, R. Lopez-Coto, A. Lopez-Oramas, S. Loporchio, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martınez, D. Mazin, S. Mender, S. Micanovic, D. Miceli, T. Miener, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, P. Munar-Adrover, V. Neustroev, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, S. Nozaki, Y. Ohtani, T. Oka, J. Otero-Santos, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, L. Pavletic, P. P enil, C. Perennes, M. Persic, P. G . Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, C. Priyadarshi, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribo, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, L. Saha, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, B. Schleicher, K. Schmidt, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Snidaric, D. Sobczynska, A. Spolon, A. Stamerra, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Suric, M. Takahashi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, N. Torres-Alba, L. Tosti, S. Truzzi, J. van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, S. Ventura, V. Verguilov, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, M. Will, D. Zaric, A. Arbet-Engels, D. Baack, M. Balbo, M. Beck, N. Biederbeck, A. Biland, T. Bretz, K. Bruegge, J. Buss, D. Dorner, D. Elsaesser, D. Hildebrand, R. Iotov, M. Klinger, K. Mannheim, D. Neise, A. Neronov, M. Noethe, A. Paravac, V. Sliusar, F. Theissen, R. Walter, J. Valverde, D. Horan, M. Giroletti, M. Perri, F. Verrecchia, C. Leto, A. C. Sadun, J. W. Moody, M. Joner, A. P. Marscher, S. G. Jorstad, A. Lahteenmaki, M. Tornikoski, V. Ramakrishnan, E. Jarvela, R. J. C. Vera, S. Righini, and A.Y.Lien

Subjects
Astronomy
Abstract

We report a characterization of the multiband flux variability and correlations of the nearby (z=0.031) blazar Markarian 421(Mrk 421) using data from Mets ̈ahovi, Swift, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, FACT, and other collaborations and instruments from 2014November till 2016 June. Mrk 421 did not show any prominent flaring activity, but exhibited periods of historically low activity above 1 TeV (F>1TeV<1.7×10−12ph cm−2s−1) and in the 2–10 keV (X-ray) band (F2−10 keV<3.6×10−11erg cm−2s−1),during which the Swift-BAT data suggest an additional spectral component beyond the regular synchrotron emission. The highest flux variability occurs in X-rays and very high-energy (E>0.1 TeV)γ-rays, which, despite the low activity, show a significant positive correlation with no time lag. The HRkeV and HRTeV show the harder-when-brighter trend observed in many blazars, but the trend flattens at the highest fluxes, which suggests a change in the processes dominating the blazar variability. Enlarging our dataset with data from years 2007 to 2014, we measured a positive correlation between the optical and the GeV emission over a range of about 60 d centred at time lag zero, and a positive correlation between the optical/GeV and the radio emission over a range of about 60 d centred at a time lag of 43+9−6d. This observation is consistent with the radio-bright zone being located about 0.2 parsec downstream from the optical/GeV emission regions of the jet. The flux distributions are better described with a lognormal function in most of the energy bands probed, indicating that the variability in Mrk 421 is likely produced by a multiplicative process.

Published
2020
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14. Observation of inverse Compton emission from a long γ-ray burst

Author

P. Veres, P. N. Bhat, M. S. Briggs, W. H. Cleveland, R. Hamburg, C. M. Hui, B. Mailyan, R. D. Preece, O. J. Roberts, A. von Kienlin, C. A. Wilson-Hodge, D. Kocevski, M. Arimoto, D. Tak, K. Asano, M. Axelsson, G. Barbiellini, E. Bissaldi, F.Fana Dirirsa, R. Gill, J. Granot, J. McEnery, N. Omodei, S. Razzaque, F. Piron, J. L. Racusin, D. J. Thompson, S. Campana, M. G. Bernardini, N. P. M. Kuin, M. H. Siegel, S. B. Cenko, P. O’Brien, M. Capalbi, A. Daì, M. De Pasquale, J. Gropp, N. Klingler, J. P. Osborne, M. Perri, R. L. C. Starling, G. Tagliaferri, A. Tohuvavohu, A. Ursi, M.Tavani, M. Cardillo, C. Casentini, G. Piano, Y. Evangelista, F. Verrecchia, C. Pittori, F. Lucarelli, A. Bulgarelli, N. Parmiggiani, G. E. Anderson, J. P. Anderson, G. Bernardi, J. Bolmer, M. D. Caballero-García, I. M. Carrasco, A. Castellón, N. Castro Segura, A. J. Castro-Tirado, S. V. Cherukuri, A. M. Cockeram, P. D’Avanzo, A. Di Dato, R. Diretse, R. P. Fender, E. Fernández-García, J. P. U. Fynbo, A. S.Fruchter, J. Greiner, M. Gromadzki, K. E. Heintz, I. Heywood, A. J. van der Horst, Y.-D. Hu, C. Inserra, L. Izzo, V. Jaiswal, P. Jakobsson, J. Japelj, E. Kankare, D. A.Kann, C. Kouveliotou, S. Klose, A. J. Levan, X. Y. Li, S. Lotti, K. Maguire, D. B. Malesani, I. Manulis, M. Marongiu, S. Martin, A. Melandri, M. J.Michałowski, J. C. A. Miller-Jones, K. Misra, A. Moin, K. P. Mooley, S. Nasri, M. Nicholl, A. Noschese, G. Novara, S. B. Pandey, E. Peretti, C. J. Pérez del Pulgar, M. A. Pérez-Torres, D. A. Perley, L. Piro, F. Ragosta, L. Resmi, R. Ricci, A. Rossi, R. Sánchez-Ramírez, J. Selsing, S. Schulze, S. J. Smartt, I. A. Smith, V. V. Sokolov, J. Stevens, N. R. Tanvir, C. C. Thöne, A. Tiengo, E. Tremou, E. Troja, A. de Ugarte Postigo, A. F. Valeev, S. D. Vergani, M. Wieringa, P. A. Woudt, D. Xu, O. Yaron, D. R. Young, V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, D. Baack, A. Babić, B. Banerjee, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, L. Bellizzi, E. Bernardini, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, Y. Chai, A. Chilingaryan, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, U. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, D. Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fattorini, G. Ferrara, D. Fidalgo, L. Foffano, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, S.Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, N. Godinović, D. Green, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, M. Hütten, T. Inada, S. Inoue, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, L. Jouvin, D. Kerszberg, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, R. López-Coto, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, S. Mićanović, D. Miceli, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, P. Munar-Adrover, V. Neustroev, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, L. Nogués, S. Nozaki, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, P. Peñil, M. Peresano, M. Persic, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, L. Saha, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, K. Schmidt, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Šnidarić, D. Sobczynska, A. Somero, A. Stamerra, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, M. Takahashi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, N. Torres-Albà, L. Tosti, V. Vagelli, J. van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, M. Will, D. Zarić, and L. Nava

Subjects
Space Sciences (General)
Abstract

Long-duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) originate from ultra-relativistic jets launched from the collapsing cores of dying massive stars. They are characterized by an initial phase of bright and highly variable radiation in the kiloelectronvolt-to-megaelectronvolt band, which is probably produced within the jet and lasts from milliseconds to minutes, known as the prompt emission. Subsequently, the interaction of the jet with the surrounding medium generates shock waves that are responsible for the afterglow emission, which lasts from days to months and occurs over a broad energy range from the radio to the gigaelectronvolt bands. The afterglow emission is generally well explained as synchrotron radiation emitted by electrons accelerated by the external shock. Recently, intense long-lasting emission between 0.2 and 1 teraelectronvolts was observed from GRB 190114C. Here we report multifrequency observations of GRB 190114C, and study the evolution in time of the GRB emission across 17 orders of magnitude in energy, from 5 × 10^(−6) to 10^(12) electronvolts. We find that the broadband spectral energy distribution is double-peaked, with the teraelectronvolt emission constituting a distinct spectral component with power comparable to the synchrotron component. This component is associated with the afterglow and is satisfactorily explained by inverse Compton up-scattering of synchrotron photons by high-energy electrons. We find that the conditions required to account for the observed teraelectronvolt component are typical for GRBs, supporting the possibility that inverse Compton emission is commonly produced in GRBs.

Published
2019
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16. Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to TeV photon emission from the Large Magellanic Cloud

Author

A Acharyya, R Adam, A Aguasca-Cabot, I Agudo, A Aguirre-Santaella, J Alfaro, R Aloisio, R Alves Batista, E Amato, E O Angüner, C Aramo, C Arcaro, K Asano, J Aschersleben, H Ashkar, M Backes, A Baktash, C Balazs, M Balbo, J Ballet, A Bamba, A Baquero Larriva, V Barbosa Martins, U Barres de Almeida, J A Barrio, D Bastieri, P Batista, I Batkovic, J R Baxter, J Becerra González, J Becker Tjus, W Benbow, E Bernardini, M I Bernardos Martín, J Bernete Medrano, A Berti, B Bertucci, V Beshley, P Bhattacharjee, S Bhattacharyya, C Bigongiari, A Biland, E Bissaldi, F Bocchino, P Bordas, J Borkowski, E Bottacini, M Böttcher, F Bradascio, A M Brown, A Bulgarelli, L Burmistrov, S Caroff, A Carosi, E Carquín, S Casanova, E Cascone, F Cassol, M Cerruti, P Chadwick, S Chaty, A Chen, A Chiavassa, L Chytka, V Conforti, J Cortina, A Costa, H Costantini, G Cotter, S Crestan, P Cristofari, F D’Ammando, M Dalchenko, F Dazzi, A De Angelis, V De Caprio, E M de Gouveia Dal Pino, D De Martino, M de Naurois, V de Souza, M V del Valle, A G Delgado Giler, C Delgado, D della Volpe, D Depaoli, T Di Girolamo, A Di Piano, F Di Pierro, R Di Tria, L Di Venere, S Diebold, M Doro, D Dumora, V V Dwarkadas, C Eckner, K Egberts, G Emery, J Escudero, D Falceta-Goncalves, E Fedorova, S Fegan, Q Feng, D Ferenc, G Ferrand, E Fiandrini, M Filipovic, V Fioretti, L Foffano, G Fontaine, Y Fukui, D Gaggero, G Galanti, G Galaz, S Gallozzi, V Gammaldi, M Garczarczyk, C Gasbarra, D Gasparrini, A Ghalumyan, M Giarrusso, G Giavitto, N Giglietto, F Giordano, A Giuliani, J-F Glicenstein, P Goldoni, J Goulart Coelho, J Granot, D Green, J G Green, M-H Grondin, O Gueta, D Hadasch, P Hamal, T Hassan, K Hayashi, M Heller, S Hernández Cadena, N Hiroshima, B Hnatyk, R Hnatyk, W Hofmann, J Holder, M Holler, D Horan, P Horvath, M Hrabovsky, M Hütten, M Iarlori, T Inada, F Incardona, S Inoue, F Iocco, M Jamrozy, W Jin, I Jung-Richardt, J Juryšek, D Kantzas, V Karas, H Katagiri, D Kerszberg, J Knödlseder, N Komin, P Kornecki, K Kosack, G Kowal, H Kubo, A Lamastra, J Lapington, M Lemoine-Goumard, J-P Lenain, F Leone, G Leto, F Leuschner, E Lindfors, T Lohse, S Lombardi, F Longo, R López-Coto, A López-Oramas, S Loporchio, P L Luque-Escamilla, O Macias, P Majumdar, D Mandat, S Mangano, G Manicò, M Mariotti, P Marquez, G Marsella, J Martí, P Martin, M Martínez, D Mazin, S Menchiari, D M-A Meyer, D Miceli, M Miceli, J Michałowski, A Mitchell, R Moderski, L Mohrmann, M Molero, E Molina, T Montaruli, A Moralejo, D Morcuende, A Morselli, E Moulin, V Moya, R Mukherjee, K Munari, A Muraczewski, S Nagataki, T Nakamori, A Nayak, J Niemiec, M Nievas, M Nikołajuk, K Nishijima, K Noda, D Nosek, B Novosyadlyj, S Nozaki, M Ohishi, S Ohm, A Okumura, B Olmi, R A Ong, M Orienti, R Orito, M Orlandini, E Orlando, S Orlando, M Ostrowski, I Oya, A Pagliaro, M Palatka, F R Pantaleo, R Paoletti, J M Paredes, N Parmiggiani, B Patricelli, M Pech, M Pecimotika, M Persic, O Petruk, E Pierre, E Pietropaolo, G Pirola, M Pohl, E Prandini, C Priyadarshi, G Pühlhofer, M L Pumo, M Punch, F S Queiroz, A Quirrenbach, S Rainò, R Rando, S Razzaque, A Reimer, O Reimer, T Reposeur, M Ribó, T Richtler, J Rico, F Rieger, M Rigoselli, V Rizi, E Roache, G Rodriguez Fernandez, P Romano, G Romeo, J Rosado, A Rosales de Leon, B Rudak, C Rulten, I Sadeh, T Saito, M Sánchez-Conde, H Sano, A Santangelo, R Santos-Lima, S Sarkar, F G Saturni, A Scherer, P Schovanek, F Schussler, U Schwanke, O Sergijenko, M Servillat, H Siejkowski, C Siqueira, S Spencer, A Stamerra, S Stanič, C Steppa, T Stolarczyk, Y Suda, T Tavernier, M Teshima, L Tibaldo, D F Torres, N Tothill, M Vacula, B Vallage, P Vallania, C van Eldik, M Vázquez Acosta, M Vecchi, S Ventura, S Vercellone, A Viana, C F Vigorito, J Vink, V Vitale, V Vodeb, S Vorobiov, T Vuillaume, S J Wagner, R Walter, M White, A Wierzcholska, M Will, R Yamazaki, L Yang, T Yoshikoshi, M Zacharias, G Zaharijas, D Zavrtanik, M Zavrtanik, A A Zdziarski, V I Zhdanov, K Ziętara, M Živec, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Théorique (LAPTH), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Cherenkov Telescope Array

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), photon, emission, acceleration, efficiency, Cherenkov Telescope Array, WIMP, diffusion, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, suppression, sensitivity, Navarro-Frenk-White profile, dark matter, photon, energy, flux, cosmic radiation, spectrum, energy, high, Space and Planetary Science, cloud, TeV, spectral, galaxy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], nucleus, cosmic radiation
Abstract

A deep survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud at ~0.1-100TeV photon energies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array is planned. We assess the detection prospects based on a model for the emission of the galaxy, comprising the four known TeV emitters, mock populations of sources, and interstellar emission on galactic scales. We also assess the detectability of 30 Doradus and SN 1987A, and the constraints that can be derived on the nature of dark matter. The survey will allow for fine spectral studies of N157B, N132D, LMC P3, and 30 Doradus C, and half a dozen other sources should be revealed, mainly pulsar-powered objects. The remnant from SN 1987A could be detected if it produces cosmic-ray nuclei with a flat power-law spectrum at high energies, or with a steeper index 2.3-2.4 pending a flux increase by a factor >3-4 over ~2015-2035. Large-scale interstellar emission remains mostly out of reach of the survey if its >10GeV spectrum has a soft photon index ~2.7, but degree-scale 0.1-10TeV pion-decay emission could be detected if the cosmic-ray spectrum hardens above >100GeV. The 30 Doradus star-forming region is detectable if acceleration efficiency is on the order of 1-10% of the mechanical luminosity and diffusion is suppressed by two orders of magnitude within, Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Corresponding authors: Pierrick Martin, Maria Isabel Bernardos Martin, Fabio Iocco

Published
2023
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17. MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray results on unassociated HAWC sources

Author

M. L. Ahnen, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, C. Arcaro, D. Baack, A. Babic, B. Banerjee, P. Bangale, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra Gonzalez, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, R. Ch. Berse, A. Berti, W. Bhattacharyya, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, R. Carosi, A. Carosi, G. Ceribella, A. Chatterjee, S. M. Colak, P. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, P. Cumani, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, F. Di Pierro, A. Domınguez, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, S. Einecke, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fernandez-Barral, D. Fidalgo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, D. Galindo, R. J. Garcıa Lopez, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, P. Giammaria, N. Godinovic, D. Gora, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, M. Hayashida, J. Herrera, J. Hose, D. Hrupec, K. Ishio, Y. Konno, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, D. Kuvezdic, D. Lelas, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. Lopez, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martınez, S. Masuda, D. Mazin, K. Mielke, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, A. Moralejo, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, T. Nagayoshi, V. Neustroev, A. Niedzwiecki, M. Nievas Rosillo, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, L. Nogues, S. Paiano, J. Palacio, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, G. Pedaletti, M. Peresano, M. Persic, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, J. R. Garcia, I. Reichardt, W. Rhodes, M. Ribo, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, T. Saito, K. Satalecka, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Snidaric, D. Sobczynska, A. Stamerra, M. Strzys, T. Suric, M. Takahashi, L. Takalo, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, N. Torres-Alba, A. Treves, S. Tsujimoto, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, I. Vovk, J. E. Ward, M. Will, D. Zaric, A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, R. Arceo, J. C. Arteaga-Velazquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, A. Becerril, E. Belmont-Moreno, S. Y. BenZvi, A. Bernal, J. Braun, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistran, A. Carraminana, S. Casanova, M. Castillo, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutino de Leon, C. De Leon, E. De la Fuente, R. Diaz Hernandez, S. Dichiara, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, J. C. Dıaz-Velez, R. W. Ellsworth, K. Engel, O. Enriquez-Rivera, D. W. Fiorino, H. Fleischhack, N. Fraija, J. A. Garcıa-Gonzalez, F. Garfias, A. Gonzalez-Munoz, M. M. Gonzalez, J. A. Goodman, Z. Hampel-Arias, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, C. M. Hui, P. Huntemeyer, A. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, A. Lara, R. J. Lauer, W. H. Lee, D. Lennarz, H. Leon Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, R. Luna-Garcıa, R. Lopez-Coto, K. Malone, S. S. Marinelli, O. Martinez, I. Martinez-Castellanos, J. Martınez-Castro, H. Martınez-Huerta, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, E. Moreno, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, R. Pelayo, J. Pretz, E. G. Perez-Perez, Z. Ren, C. D. Rho, C. Riviere, D. Rosa-Gonzalez, M. Rosenberg, E. Ruiz-Velasco, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, M. Seglar Arroyo, G. Sinnis, A. J. Smith, R. W. Springer, P. Surajbali, I. Taboada, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, T. N. Ukwatta, G. Vianello, L. Villasenor, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, J. Wood, T. Yapici, G. Yodh, A. Zepeda, H. Zhou, J. D. Alvarez, M. Ajello, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, T. J. Brandt, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, D. Castro, E. Cavazzuti, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, D. Costantin, F. D'Ammando, F. de Palma, A. Desai, N. Di Lalla, M. Di Mauro, L. Di Venere, C. Favuzzi, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, A. K. Harding, E. Hays, J. W. Hewitt, D. Horan, G. Johannesson, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, I. Liodakis, F. Loparco, P. Lubrano, J. D. Magill, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, E. Nuss, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, M. Palatiello, V. S. Paliya, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Raino, B. Rani, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, C. Sgro, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, H. Tajima, J. B. Thayer, David J Thompson, D. F. Torres, E. Torresi, E. Troja, J. Valverde, K. Wood, and M. Yassine

Subjects
Astronomy, Astrophysics
Abstract

The HAWC Collaboration released the 2HWC catalogue of TeV sources, in which 19 show no association with any known high-energy (HE; E ≳ 10 GeV) or very-high-energy (VHE; E ≳ 300 GeV) sources. This catalogue motivated follow-up studies by both the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) and Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope) observatories with the aim of investigating gamma-ray emission over a broad energy band. In this paper, we report the results from the first joint work between High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC), MAGIC, and Fermi-LAT on three unassociated HAWC sources: 2HWC J2006+341, 2HWC J1907+084*, and 2HWC J1852+013*. Although no significant detection was found in the HE and VHE regimes, this investigation shows that a minimum 1° extension (at 95 per cent confidence level) and harder spectrum in the GeV than the one extrapolated from HAWC results are required in the case of 2HWC J1852+013*, whilst a simply minimum extension of 0.16° (at 95 per cent confidence level) can already explain the scenario proposed by HAWC for the remaining sources. Moreover, the hypothesis that these sources are pulsar wind nebulae is also investigated in detail.

Published
2019
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24. Cherenkov Telescope Array : the World’s largest VHE gamma-ray observatory

Author

Roberta Zanin, H. Abdalla, H. Abe, S. Abe, A. Abusleme, F. Acero, A. Acharyya, V. Acin Portella, K. Ackley, R. Adam, C. Adams, S.S. Adhikari, I. Aguado Ruesga, I. Agudo, R. Aguilera, A. Aguirre Santaella, F. Aharonian, A. Alberdi, R. Alfaro, J. Alfaro, C. Alispach, R. Aloisio, R. Alves Batista, J.P. Amans, L. Amati, E. Amato, L. Ambrogi, G. Ambrosi, M. Ambrosio, R. Ammendola, J. Anderson, M. Anduze, E.O. Anguner, L.A. Antonelli, V. Antonuccio, P. Antoranz, R. Anutarawiramkul, J. Aragunde Gutierrez, C. Aramo, A. Araudo, M. Araya, A. Arbet Engels, C. Arcaro, V. Arendt, C. Armand, T. Armstrong, F. Arqueros, L. Arrabito, B. Arsioli, M. Artero, K. Asano, Y. Ascasibar, J. Aschersleben, M. Ashley, P. Attina, P. Aubert, C. B. Singh, D. Baack, A. Babic, M. Backes, V. Baena, S. Bajtlik, A. Baktash, C. Balazs, M. Balbo, O. Ballester, J. Ballet, B. Balmaverde, A. Bamba, R. Bandiera, A. Baquero Larriva, P. Barai, C. Barbier, V. Barbosa Martins, M. Barcelo, M. Barkov, M. Barnard, L. Baroncelli, U. Barres de Almeida, J.A. Barrio, D. Bastieri, P.I. Batista, I. Batkovic, C. Bauer, R. Bautista González, J. Baxter, U. Becciani, J. Becerra González, Y. Becherini, G. Beck, J. Becker Tjus, W. Bednarek, A. Belfiore, L. Bellizzi, R. Belmont, W. Benbow, D. Berge, E. Bernardini, M.I. Bernardos, K. Bernlöhr, A. Berti, M. Berton, B. Bertucci, V. Beshley, N. Bhatt, S. Bhattacharyya, W. Bhattacharyya, B. Y. Bi, G. Bicknell, N. Biederbeck, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, R. Bird, E. Bissaldi, J. Biteau, M. Bitossi, O. Blanch, M. Blank, J. Blazek, J. Bobin, C. Boccato, F. Bocchino, C. Boehm, M. Bohacova, C. Boisson, J. Boix, J.P. Bolle, J. Bolmont, G. Bonanno, C. Bonavolontà, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, J. Borkowski, R. Bose, D. Bose, Z. Bosnjak, E. Bottacini, Markus Böttcher, M.T. Botticella, C. Boutonnet, F. Bouyjou, V. Bozhilov, E. Bozzo, L. Brahimi, C. Braiding, S. Brau Nogue, S. Breen, J. Bregeon, M. Breuhaus, A. Brill, W. Brisken, E. Brocato, A.M. Brown, K. Brügge, P. Brun, F. Brun, L. Brunetti, G. Brunetti, P. Bruno, A. Bruno, A. Bruzzese, N. Bucciantini, J. H. Buckley, R. Bühler, A. Bulgarelli, T. Bulik, M. Bünning, M. Bunse, M. Burton, A. Burtovoi, M. Buscemi, S. Buschjager, G. Busetto, J. Buss, K. Byrum, A. Caccianiga, F. Cadoux, A. Calanducci, C. Calderon, J. Calvo Tovar, R. A. Cameron, P. Campana, R. Canestrari, F. Cangemi, B. Cantlay, M. Capalbi, M. Capasso, M. Cappi, A. Caproni, R. Capuzzo Dolcetta, P. Caraveo, V. Cárdenas, L. Cardiel, M. Cardillo, C. Carlile, S. Caroff, R. Carosi, A. Carosi, E. Carquin, M. Carrere, J.M. Casandjian, S. Casanova, F. Cassol, F. Catalani, O. Catalano, D. Cauz, A. Ceccanti, C. Celestino Silva, K. Cerny, M. Cerruti, E. Chabanne, P. Chadwick, Y. Chai, P. Chambery, C. Champion, S. Chaty, A. Chen, K. Cheng, M. Chernyakova, G. Chiaro, A. Chiavassa, M. Chikawa, V.R. Chitnis, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, S. Cikota, A. Circiello, P. Clark, M. Colak, E. Colombo, S. Colonges, A. Comastri, A. Compagnino, V. Conforti, E. Congiu, R. Coniglione, J. Conrad, F. Conte, J.L. Contreras, P. Coppi, R. Cornat, J. Coronado Blazquez, J. Cortina, A. Costa, H. Costantini, G. Cotter, B. Courty, S. Covino, S. Crestan, P. Cristofari, R. Crocker, J. Croston, K. Cubuk, O. Cuevas, X. Cui, G. Cusumano, S. Cutini, G. D'Amico, F. D'Ammando, P. D'Avanzo, P. Da Vela, M. Dadina, S. Dai, M. Dalchenko, M. Dall'Ora, M.K. Daniel, J. Dauguet, I. Davids, J. Davies, B. Dawson, A. De Angelis, A.E. de Araujo Carvalho, M. de Bony de Lavergne, G. De Cesare, F. de Frondat, I. de la Calle, E. de Gouveia Dal Pino, B. De Lotto, A. De Luca, D. De Martino, M. de Naurois, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, F. De Palma Persio, N. De Simone, V. de Souza Valle, E. Delagnes, G. Deleglise Reznicek, C. Delgado, A.G. Delgado Giler, J. Delgado Mengual Valle, Domenico Della Volpe, D. Depaoli, J. Devin, T. Di Girolamo, C. Di Giulio Pierro, L. Di Venere, C. Díaz, C. Dib, S. Diebold, S. Digel, A. Djannati Atai, J. Djuvsland, A. Dmytriiev, K. Docher, A. Domínguez, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, Rita Cassia dos Anjos, J.L. Dournaux, T. Downes, G. Drake, H. Drass, D. Dravins, C. Duangchan, A. Duara, G. Dubus, L. Ducci, C. Duffy, D. Dumora, K. Dundas Mora, A. Durkalec, V.V. Dwarkadas, J. Ebr, C. Eckner, J. Eder, E. Edy, K. Egberts, S. Einecke, C. Eleftheriadis, D. Elsässer, G. Emery, D. Emmanoulopoulos, J.P. Ernenwein, M. Errando, P. Escarate, J. Escudero, C. Espinoza, S. Ettori, A. Eungwanichayapant, P. Evans, C. Evoli, M. Fairbairn, D. Falceta Goncalves, A. Falcone, V. Fallah Ramazanı, R. Falomo, K. Farakos, G. Fasola, A. Fattorini, Y. Favre, R. Fedora, E. Fedorova, K. Feijen, Q. Feng, G. Ferrand, G. Ferrara, O. Ferreira, M. Fesquet, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, M. Filipovic, D. Fink, J.P. Finley, V. Fioretti, D.F.G. Fiorillo, M. Fiorini, S. Flis, H. Flores, L. Foffano, C. Fohr, M.V. Fonseca, L. Font, G. Fontaine, O. Fornieri, P. Fortin, L. Fortson, N. Fouque, B. Fraga, A. Franceschini, F.J. Franco, L. Freixas Coromina, L. Fresnillo, D. Fugazza, Y. Fujita, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, D. Fulla, S. Funk, A. Furniss, S. Gabici, D. Gaggero, G. Galanti, P. Galdemard, Y. A. Gallant, D. Galloway, S. Gallozzi, V. Gammaldi, R. Garcia, L. E. García-Muñoz, E. Garcia Lopez, F. Gargano, C. Gargano, S. Garozzo, D. Gascon, T. Gasparetto, D. Gasparrini, H. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Geffroy, A. Gent, S. Germani, A. Ghalumyan, A. Ghedina, G. Ghirlanda, F. Gianotti, S. Giarrusso, M. Giarrusso, G. Giavitto, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, V. Gika, F. Gillardo, R. Gimenes, F. Giordano, E. Giro, M. Giroletti, Andrea Giuliani, M. Gjaja, J.F. Glicenstein, P. Gliwny, H. Goksu, P. Goldoni, J.L. Gomez, M.M. Gonzalez, Juan Manuel Gonzalez, K.S. Gothe, D. Gotz Coelho, T. Grabarczyk, R. Graciani, P. Grandi, G. Grasseau, D. Grasso, D. Green, J. Green, T. Greenshaw, P. Grespan, A. Grillo, M.H. Grondin, J. Grube, V. Guarino, B. Guest, O. Gueta, M. Günduz, S. Gunji, G. Gyuk, J. Hackfeld, D. Hadasch, L. Hagge, A. Hahn, J.E. Hajlaoui, A. Halim, P. Hamal, W. Hanlon, Y. Harada, M.J. Hardcastle, M. Harvey Collado, T. Haubold, A. Haupt, M. Havelka, K. Hayashi, M. Hayashida, H. He, L. Heckmann, M. Heller, F. Henault, Gilles Henri, G. Hermann, S. Hernández Cadena, J. Herrera Llorente, O. Hervet, J. Hinton, A. Hiramatsu, K. Hirotani, B. Hnatyk, R. Hnatyk, J.K. Hoang, D. H.H. Hoffmann, C. Hoischen, J. Holder, M. Holler, B. Hona, D. Horan, Dieter Horns, P. Horvath, J. Houles, M. Hrabovsky, D. Hrupec, Y. Huang, J.‑M. Huet, G. Hughes, G. Hull, T.B. Humensky, M. Hütten, M. Iarlori, J.M. Illa, R. Imazawa, T. Inada, F. Incardona, A. Ingallinera, S. Inoue, T. Inoue, Y. Inoue, F. Iocco, K. Ioka, M. Ionica, S. Iovenitti, A. Iriarte, K. Ishio, W. Ishizaki, Y. Iwamura, J. Jacquemier, M. Jacquemont, M. Jamrozy, P. Janecek, F. Jankowsky, A. JardinBlicq, C. Jarnot, P. Jean Martínez, L. Jocou, N. Jordana, M. Josselin, I. JungRichardt, F.J.P.A. Junqueira, C. Juramy Gilles, P. Kaaret, L.H.S. Kadowaki, M. Kagaya, R. Kankanyan, D. Kantzas, V. Karas, A. Karastergiou, S. Karkar, J. Kasperek, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, K. Katarzynski, S. Katsuda, N. Kawanaka, D. Kazanas, D. Kerszberg, B. Khélifi, M.C. Kherlakian, T.P. Kian, D.B. Kieda, T. Kihm, S. Kim, S. Kisaka, R. Kissmann, R. Kleijwegt, G. Kluge, W. Kluźniak, J. Knapp, A. Kobakhidze, Y. Kobayashi, B. Koch, J. Kocot, K. Kohri, N. Komin, A. Kong, K. Kosack, F. Krack, M. Krause, F. Krennrich, H. Kubo, V. N. Kudryavtsev, S. Kunwar, J. Kushida, P. Kushwaha, Barbera Parola, G. La Rosa, R. Lahmann, A. Lamastra, M. Landoni, D. Landriu, R.G. Lang, J. Lapington, P. Laporte, P. Lason, J. Lasuik, J. Lazendic Galloway, T. Le Flour, P. Le Sidaner, S. Leach, S.H. Lee, W.H. Lee, S. Lee Oliveira, A. Lemiere, M. Lemoine Goumard, J.P. Lenain, F. Leone, V. Leray, G. Leto, F. Leuschner, R. Lindemann, E. Lindfors, L. Linhoff, I. Liodakis, A. Lipniacka, M. Lobo, Thomas Lohse, S. Lombardi, A. Lopez, M. Lopez, R. Lopez Coto, F. Louis, M. Louys, F. Lucarelli, H. Ludwig Boudi, P.L. Luque Escamilla, M.C. Maccarone, E. Mach, A.J. Maciejewski, J. Mackey, P. Maeght, C. Maggio, G. Maier, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, R. Malta Nunes de Almeida, D. Malyshev, D. Mandat, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, P. Manigot, K. Mannheim, N. Maragos, D. Marano, M. Marconi, A. Marcowith, M. Marculewicz, B. Marcun, J. Marin, N. Marinello, P. Marinos, S. Markoff, P. Marquez, G. Marsella, J. M. Martin, P. G. Martin, M. Martinez, G. Martinez, O. Martinez, H. Martinez Huerta, C. Marty, R. Marx, N. Masetti, P. Massimino, H. Matsumoto, N. Matthews, G. Maurin, W. Max Moerbeck, N. Maxted, M.N. Mazziotta, S.M. Mazzola, J.D. Mbarubucyeye, L. Mc Comb, I. McHardy, S. McKeague, S. McMuldroch, E. Medina, D. Medina Miranda, A. Melandri, C. Melioli, D. Melkumyan, S. Menchiari, S. Mereghetti, G. Merino Arevalo, E. Mestre, J.L. Meunier, T. Meures, S. Micanovic, M. Miceli, M. Michailidis, J. Michalowski, T. Miener, I. Mievre, J. D. Miller, T. Mineo, M. Minev, J.M. Miranda, A. Mitchell, T. Mizuno, B. A. Mode, R. Moderski, L. Mohrmann, E. Molinari, T. Montaruli, I. Monteiro, C. Moore, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende Parrilla, E. Moretti, K. Mori, P. Moriarty, K. Morik, P. Morris, A. Morselli, K. Mosshammer, R. Mukherjee, J. Muller, C. Mundell, J. Mundet, T. Murach, A. Muraczewski, H. Muraishi, I. Musella, A. Musumarra, A. Nagai, S. Nagataki, T. Naito, T. Nakamori, K. Nakashima, K. Nakayama, N. Nakhjiri, G. Naletto, D. Naumann, L. Nava, M.A. Nawaz, H. Ndiyavala, D. Neise, L. Nellen, R. Nemmen, N. Neyroud, K. Ngernphat, T. Nguyen Trung, L. Nicastro, L. Nickel, J. Niemiec, D. Nieto, C. Nigro, M. Nikołajuk, D. Ninci, K. Noda, Y. Nogami, S. Nolan, R. P. Norris, D. Nosek, M. Nöthe, V. Novotny, S. Nozaki, F. Nunio, P. O'Brien, K. Obara, Y. Ohira, M. Ohishi, S. Ohm, T. Oka, N. Okazaki, A. Okumura, C. Oliver, G. Olivera, B. Olmi, M. Orienti, R. Orito, M. Orlandini, E. Orlando, J.P. Osborne, M. Ostrowski, N. Otte, E. Ovcharov, E. Owen, I. Oya, A. Ozieblo, M. Padovani, A. Pagliaro, A. Paizis, M. Palatiello, M. Palatka, E. Palazzi, J.‑L. Panazol, D. Paneque, S. Panny, Francesca Romana Pantaleo, M. Panter, M. Paolillo, A. Papitto, A. Paravac, J.M. Paredes, G. Pareschi, N. Parmiggiani, R.D. Parsons, P. Paśko, S. R. Patel, B. Patricelli, L. Pavletic, S. Pavy, A. Peer, M. Pecimotika, M.G. Pellegriti, P. Peñil Del Campo, A. Pepato, S. Perard, C. Perennes, M. Peresano, A. Perez Aguilera, J. Perez Romero, M.A. Perez Torres, M. Persic, P. O. Petrucci, O. Petruk, B. Peyaud, K. Pfrang, E. Pian, P. Piatteli, E. Pietropaolo, R. Pillera, D. Pimentel, F. Pintore, C. Pio Garcia, G. Pirola, F. Piron, S. Pita, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, A. Pollo, M. Polo, C. Pongkitivanichkul, J. Porthault, J. Powell, D. Pozo, R.R. Prado, E. Prandini, J. Prast, K. Pressard, G. Principe, N. Produit, D. Prokhorov, H. Prokoph, H. Przybilski, E. Pueschel, G. Pühlhofer, I. Puljak, M.L. Pumo, M. Punch, F. Queiroz, J. Quinn, A. Quirrenbach, P.J. Rajda, R. Rando, S. Razzaque, S. Recchia, P. Reichherzer, O. Reimer, A. Reisenegger, Q. Remy, M. Renaud, T. Reposeur, B. Reville, J.M. Reymond, J. Reynolds, D. Ribeiro, M. Ribo, G. Richards, J. Rico, F. Rieger, L. Riitano, M. Riquelme, D. Riquelme, S. Rivoire, V. Rizi, E. Roache, M. Roche, J. Rodriguez, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J.C. Rodriguez Ramirez, J.J. Rodriguez Vazquez, G. Rojas, P. Romano, G. Romeo Lobato, C. Romoli, M. Roncadelli, J. Rosado, A. Rosales de Leon, G. Rowell, A. Rugliancich, J.E. Ruiz del Mazo, C. Rulten, C. Russell, F. Russo Hatlen, S. Safi Harb, L. Saha, V. Sahakian, S. Sailer, T. Saito, N. Sakaki, S. Sakurai, G. Salina, H. Salzmann, D. Sanchez, H. Sandaker, A. Sandoval, P. Sangiorgi, M. Sanguillon, H. Sano, M. Santander, A. Santangelo, R. Santos Lima, A. Sanuy, L. Sapozhnikov, T. Saric, S. Sarkar, H. Sasaki, N. Sasaki, Y. Sato, F.G. Saturni, M. Sawada, J. Schaefer, A. Scherer, J. Scherpenberg, P. Schipani, B. Schleicher, J. Schmoll, M. Schneider, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovanek, F. Schussler, B. Schwab, U. Schwanke, J. Schwarz, E. Sciacca, S. Scuderi, M. Seglar Arroyo, I. Seitenzahl, D. Semikoz, O. Sergijenko, J.E. Serna Franco, Karol Seweryn, V. Sguera, A. Shalchi, R.Y. Shang, P. Sharma, L. Sidoli, J. Sieiro, H. Siejkowski, A. Sillanpaa, B.B. Singh, K.K. Singh, A. Sinha, C. Siqueira, J. Sitarek, P. Sizun, V. Sliusar, D. Sobczynska, R.W. Sobrinho, H. Sol, G. Sottile, H. Spackman, S. Spencer, G. Spengler, D. Spiga, W. Springer, A. Stamerra, S. Stanic, R. Starling, Ł. Stawarz, Stanislav Stefanik, C. Stegmann, A. Steiner, S. Steinmassl, C. Stella, R. Sternberger, M. Sterzel, C. Stevens, B. Stevenson, T. Stolarczyk, G. Stratta, U. Straumann, J. Striskovic, M. Strzys, R. Stuik, M. Suchenek, Y. Sunada, Tiina Suomijarvi, T. Suric, H. Suzuki, P. Swierk, T. Szepieniec, K. Tachihara, G. Tagliaferri, H. Tajima, N. Tajima, D. Tak, H. Takahashi, M. Takahashi, J. Takata, R. Takeishi, T. Tam, M. Tanaka, T. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, M. Tavani, F. Tavecchio, T. Tavernier, A. Russ Taylor, L.A. Tejedor, P. Temnikov, K. Terauchi, J.C. Terrazas, R. Terrier, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, D. Thibaut, F. Thocquenne, W. Tian, L. Tibaldo, A. Tiengo, M. Tluczykont, C.J. Todero Peixoto, K. Toma, L. Tomankova, J. Tomastik, M. Tornikoski, D.F. Torres, E. Torresi, G. Tosti, L. Tosti, N. Tothill, F. Toussenel, G. Tovmassian, C. Trichard, M. Trifoglio, A. Trois, S. Truzzi, A. Tsiahina, B. Turk, A. Tutone, Y. Uchiyama, P. Utayarat, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, V. Vagelli, F. Vagnetti, J.A. Valdivia, M. Valentino, A. Valio, B. Vallage, P. Vallania Quispe, A.M. van den Berg, W. van Driel, C. van Eldik, C. van Rensburg, Brian van Soelen, J. Vandenbroucke, G. Vasileiadis, V. Vassiliev, M. Vazquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, A. Vega, J. Veh, P. Veitch, C. Venter, S. Ventura, S. Vercellone, V. Verguilov, G. Verna, S. Vernetto, V. Verzi, G.P. Vettolani, C. Veyssiere, I. Viale, A. Viana, N. Viaux, J. Vignatti, C.F. Vigorito, J. Villanueva, V. Vitale, V. Vittorini, V. Vodeb, N. Vogel, V. Voisin, S. Vorobiov, M. Vrastil, T. Vuillaume, S.J. Wagner, P. Wagner, K. Wakazono, S.P. Wakely, M. Ward, D. Warren, J. Watson, M. Wechakama, P. Wegner, A. Weinstein, C. Weniger, F. Werner, H. Wetteskind, M. L. White, A. Wierzcholska, S. Wiesand, R. Wijers, M. Wilkinson, M. Will, J. Williams, T. J. Williamson, A. Wolter, Y.W. Wong, M. Wood, T. Yamamoto, H. Yamamoto, Y. Yamane, R. Yamazaki, S. Yanagita, L. Yang, S. Yoo, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, P. Yu, A. Yusafzai, Michael Zacharias, B. Zaldivar, L. Zampieri, R. Zanin, R. Zanmar Sanchez, D. Zaric, M. Zavrtanik, D. Zavrtanik, Andrzej Zdziarski, A. Zech, H. Zechlin, A. Zenin, A. Zerwekh, K. Ziętara, A. Zink, J. Ziolkowski, M. Zivec, A. Zmija, Współautorami artykułu są członkowie CTA Observatory, CTA Consortium i LST Collaboration w liczbie 1139, Astronomy, Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics

Subjects
Physics, Observatory, Gamma ray, Astronomy
Abstract

Very-high Energy (VHE) gamma-ray astroparticle physics is a relatively young field, and observations over the past decade have surprisingly revealed almost two hundred VHE emitters which appear to act as cosmic particle accelerators. These sources are an important component of the Universe, influencing the evolution of stars and galaxies. At the same time, they also act as a probe of physics in the most extreme environments known - such as in supernova explosions, and around or after the merging of black holes and neutron stars. However, the existing experiments have provided exciting glimpses, but often falling short of supplying the full answer. A deeper understanding of the TeV sky requires a significant improvement in sensitivity at TeV energies, a wider energy coverage from tens of GeV to hundreds of TeV and a much better angular and energy resolution with respect to the currently running facilities. The next generation gamma-ray observatory, the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), is the answer to this need. In this talk I will present this upcoming observatory from its design to the construction, and its potential science exploitation. CTAO will allow the entire astronomical community to explore a new discovery space that will likely lead to paradigm-changing breakthroughs. In particular, CTA has an unprecedented sensitivity to short (sub-minute) timescale phenomena, placing it as a key instrument in the future of multi-messenger and multi-wavelength time domain astronomy. I will conclude the talk presenting the first scientific results obtained by the LST-1, the prototype of one CTAO telescope type - the Large-Sized Telescope, that is currently under commission., PoS: Proceedings of Science, 395, ISSN:1824-8039, Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021)

Published
2022

25. Feasibility study for detecting shallow landslides using IoT devices in smart cities

Author

Ana Elisa Silva de Abreu, Rodrigo Neves Ribeiro, Icaro Gonçales, Rynaldo Z. H. Almeida, Mauro K. Noda, Alessandra Cristina Corsi, Matheus Polkorny, Alessandro Santiago dos Santos, Caio Lucidius Naberezny Azevedo, Mauro de Mesquita Spinola, Malena D'Elia Otero, and Cezar O. Machado

Subjects
Truck, Data collection, Computer science, Inertial measurement unit, business.industry, Real-time computing, Landslide, Internet of Things, business, Soil movement
Abstract

Inertial sensors are considered a new strategy to assess the slope movement prior to landslides in risk areas. It is a challenge to understand limitations, advantages, and disadvantages of the signals analysis from inertial sensors embedded in IoT devices for monitoring this phenomenon. Landslides can take a long time to collapse completely, and collecting data in real situations can imply a long-term collection, with no guarantees of recording the phenomenon. Promoting accelerated experiments can be an alternative for evaluating algorithms to detect soil movement. Therefore, this paper presents the results of two experiments performed for data collection by inertial sensors deployed in sandy soil in a dump truck. The signals were collected during sand unloading to evaluate the performance of the IoT devices in events similar to a landslide phenomenon.

Published
2021
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26. Experimental verification of beam switching operation for multiple-ion therapy applications at HIMAC

Author

Yousuke Hara, Yoshiyuki Iwata, Toshiyuki Shirai, Masayuki Muramatsu, Ryohei Tansho, Naoya Saotome, Takuji Furukawa, Yuichi Saraya, S. Sato, K. Noda, and Kota Mizushima

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, business.industry, Injector, Fast switching, Synchrotron, Ion source, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, Ion, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Beam switching, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract

A study of multiple-ion therapy with charged heavy-ion beams was performed to improve outcomes of refractory cancer treatments. We proposed the accelerator operation method for applying the multiple-ion therapy, to quickly switch the ion species and energies of the output beams. In this method, the irradiation ion species can be changed only by switching the selected ion source and the injector parameters, and the output beam energies can be varied without changing the magnetic operation patterns of the synchrotron. We verified the effectiveness of our approach by conducting experiments at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) and confirmed that the approach can provide the fast switching of both the ion species and the beam energies. The experimental results also demonstrated that our approach will greatly reduce the commissioning time and the routine adjustments for multiple-ion beams.

Published
2019
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27. Assignment of the electronic transition of phenothiazine radical cation in the visible region– a resonance Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculation investigation

Author

Norberto S. Gonçalves and Lúcia K. Noda

Subjects
010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Resonance Raman spectroscopy, Aromaticity, Time-dependent density functional theory, 010402 general chemistry, Resonance (chemistry), 01 natural sciences, Molecular electronic transition, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Crystallography, symbols.namesake, Radical ion, symbols, Molecular orbital, Raman spectroscopy, Spectroscopy
Abstract

Phenothiazine (PTZ) derivatives represent an important class of molecules, being studied in a number of fields of chemical and pharmaceutical research. The interesting chemical and biological properties of PTZs are considered to be related to their relative stable radical cations, whose formation and reactivity have been extensively studied. In this work, the radical cation of phenothiazine (PTZ+) was generated by the reaction with the mordenite solid acid, an environment in which this species is stabilized. The most intense electronic transition of PTZ+ is located at 516 nm. In order to characterize the electronic and molecular structure of this radical species, a resonance Raman and theoretical calculations of the structure, PTZ+ vibrational frequencies and electronic spectrum were calculated employing DFT B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and TDDFT methods. In the ground state, PTZ+ is planar, in contrast to the folded structure of neutral PTZ. The strong Raman band at 476 cm−1 was assigned to a CSC bending mode. The reason for its preferential enhancement was investigated using TDDFT, in order to obtain the molecular orbitals involved in the electronic transition at 516 nm. The TDDFT calculations show that this transition is from SOMO-1 and SOMO-2, both double occupied molecular orbitals, localized at the aromatic rings and goes toward SOMO (single occupied molecular orbital). This SOMO has contributions of sulphur and nitrogen atomic orbitals, but with predominance of sulphur atomic orbitals, which are absent in SOMO-1 and SOMO-2. The predominance of sulphur atomic orbitals in the SOMO explains the preferential resonance Raman enhancement of a CSC vibrational mode.

Published
2019
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28. Coulomb Screening Effect on the Hoyle State Energy in Thermal Plasmas

Author

Kei Iida, Marcelo Takeshi Yamashita, Lai Hnin Phyu, H. Moriya, W. Horiuchi, K. Noda, Hokkaido University, Kochi University, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear Theory, Screening effect, Star (game theory), FOS: Physical sciences, State (functional analysis), Electron, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, Excited state, Quantum mechanics, symbols, Coulomb, Cluster (physics)
Abstract

The first excited $J^\pi=0^+$ state of $^{12}$C, the so-called Hoyle state, plays an essential role in a triple-$\alpha$ ($^4$He) reaction, which is a main contributor to the synthesis of $^{12}$C in a burning star. We investigate the Coulomb screening effects on the energy shift of the Hoyle state in a thermal plasma environment using precise three-$\alpha$ model calculations. The Coulomb screening effect between $\alpha$ clusters are taken into account within the Debye-H\"uckel approximation. To generalize our study, we utilize two standard $\alpha$-cluster models, which treat the Pauli principle between the $\alpha$ particles differently. We find that the energy shifts do not depend on these models and follow a simple estimation in the zero-size limit of the Hoyle state when the Coulomb screening length is as large as a value typical of such a plasma consisting of electrons and $\alpha$ particles., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, contribution to the 8th Asia-Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (APFB2020), 1-5 March 2021, Kanazawa, Japan

Published
2021
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29. Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Author

Algaba, J.C. Anczarski, J. Asada, K. Baloković, M. Chandra, S. Cui, Y.-Z. Falcone, A.D. Giroletti, M. Goddi, C. Hada, K. Haggard, D. Jorstad, S. Kaur, A. Kawashima, T. Keating, G. Kim, J.-Y. Kino, M. Komossa, S. Kravchenko, E.V. Krichbaum, T.P. Lee, S.-S. Lu, R.-S. Lucchini, M. Markoff, S. Neilsen, J. Nowak, M.A. Park, J. Principe, G. Ramakrishnan, V. Reynolds, M.T. Sasada, M. Savchenko, S.S. Williamson, K.E. Akiyama, K. Alberdi, A. Alef, W. Anantua, R. Azulay, R. Baczko, A.-K. Ball, D. Barrett, J. Bintley, D. Benson, B.A. Blackburn, L. Blundell, R. Boland, W. Bouman, K.L. Bower, G.C. Boyce, H. Bremer, M. Brinkerink, C.D. Brissenden, R. Britzen, S. Broderick, A.E. Broguiere, D. Bronzwaer, T. Byun, D.-Y. Carlstrom, J.E. Chael, A. Chan, C.-K. Chatterjee, S. Chatterjee, K. Chen, M.-T. Chen, Y. Chesler, P.M. Cho, I. Christian, P. Conway, J.E. Cordes, J.M. Crawford, T.M. Crew, G.B. Cruz-Osorio, A. Davelaar, J. De Laurentis, M. Deane, R. Dempsey, J. Desvignes, G. Dexter, J. Doeleman, S.S. Eatough, R.P. Falcke, H. Farah, J. Fish, V.L. Fomalont, E. Ford, H.A. Fraga-Encinas, R. Friberg, P. Fromm, C.M. Fuentes, A. Galison, P. Gammie, C.F. García, R. Gentaz, O. Georgiev, B. Gold, R. Gómez, J.L. Gómez-Ruiz, A.I. Gu, M. Gurwell, M. Hecht, M.H. Hesper, R. Ho, L.C. Ho, P. Honma, M. Huang, C.-W.L. Huang, L. Hughes, D.H. Ikeda, S. Inoue, M. Issaoun, S. James, D.J. Jannuzi, B.T. Janssen, M. Jeter, B. Jiang, W. Jiménez-Rosales, A. Johnson, M.D. Jung, T. Karami, M. Karuppusamy, R. Kettenis, M. Kim, D.-J. Kim, J. Kim, J. Koay, J.Y. Kofuji, Y. Koch, P.M. Koyama, S. Kramer, M. Kramer, C. Kuo, C.-Y. Lauer, T.R. Levis, A. Li, Y.-R. Li, Z. Lindqvist, M. Lico, R. Lindahl, G. Liu, J. Liu, K. Liuzzo, E. Lo, W.-P. Lobanov, A.P. Loinard, L. Lonsdale, C. Macdonald, N.R. Mao, J. Marchili, N. Marrone, D.P. Marscher, A.P. Martí-Vidal, I. Matsushita, S. Matthews, L.D. Medeiros, L. Menten, K.M. Mizuno, I. Mizuno, Y. Moran, J.M. Moriyama, K. Moscibrodzka, M. Müller, C. Musoke, G. Mejías, A.M. Nagai, H. Nagar, N.M. Nakamura, M. Narayan, R. Narayanan, G. Natarajan, I. Nathanail, A. Neri, R. Ni, C. Noutsos, A. Okino, H. Olivares, H. Ortiz-León, G.N. Oyama, T. Ozel, F. Palumbo, D.C.M. Patel, N. Pen, U.-L. Pesce, D.W. Piétu, V. Plambeck, R. Popstefanija, A. Porth, O. Pötzl, F.M. Prather, B. Preciado-López, J.A. Psaltis, D. Pu, H.-Y. Rao, R. Rawlings, M.G. Raymond, A.W. Rezzolla, L. Ricarte, A. Ripperda, B. Roelofs, F. Rogers, A. Ros, E. Rose, M. Roshanineshat, A. Rottmann, H. Roy, A.L. Ruszczyk, C. Rygl, K.L.J. Sánchez, S. Sánchez-Arguelles, D. Savolainen, T. Schloerb, F.P. Schuster, K.-F. Shao, L. Shen, Z. Small, D. Sohn, B.W. Soohoo, J. Sun, H. Tazaki, F. Tetarenko, A.J. Tiede, P. Tilanus, R.P.J. Titus, M. Toma, K. Torne, P. Trent, T. Traianou, E. Trippe, S. Van Bemmel, I. Van Langevelde, H.J. Van Rossum, D.R. Wagner, J. Ward-Thompson, D. Wardle, J. Weintroub, J. Wex, N. Wharton, R. Wielgus, M. Wong, G.N. Wu, Q. Yoon, D. Young, A. Young, K. Younsi, Z. Yuan, F. Yuan, Y.-F. Zensus, J.A. Zhao, G.-Y. Zhao, S.-S. Principe, G. Giroletti, M. D'Ammando, F. Orienti, M. Abdalla, H. Adam, R. Aharonian, F. Benkhali, F.A. Angüner, E.O. Arcaro, C. Armand, C. Armstrong, T. Ashkar, H. Backes, M. Baghmanyan, V. Barbosa Martins, V. Barnacka, A. Barnard, M. Becherini, Y. Berge, D. Bernlöhr, K. Bi, B. Böttcher, M. Boisson, C. Bolmont, J. De Bony De Lavergne, M. Breuhaus, M. Brun, F. Brun, P. Bryan, M. Büchele, M. Bulik, T. Bylund, T. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Casanova, S. Chand, T. Chen, A. Cotter, G. Curyło, M. Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J. Davids, I.D. Davies, J. Deil, C. Devin, J. Dewilt, P. Dirson, L. Djannati-Ataï, A. Dmytriiev, A. Donath, A. Doroshenko, V. Duffy, C. Dyks, J. Egberts, K. Eichhorn, F. Einecke, S. Emery, G. Ernenwein, J.-P. Feijen, K. Fegan, S. Fiasson, A. De Clairfontaine, G.F. Fontaine, G. Funk, S. Füßling, M. Gabici, S. Gallant, Y.A. Giavitto, G. Giunti, L. Glawion, D. Glicenstein, J.F. Gottschall, D. Grondin, M.-H. Hahn, J. Haupt, M. Hermann, G. Hinton, J.A. Hofmann, W. Hoischen, C. Holch, T.L. Holler, M. Hörbe, M. Horns, D. Huber, D. Jamrozy, M. Jankowsky, D. Jankowsky, F. Jardin-Blicq, A. Joshi, V. Jung-Richardt, I. Kasai, E. Kastendieck, M.A. Katarzyński, K. Katz, U. Khangulyan, D. Khélifi, B. Klepser, S. Kluźniak, W. Komin, N. Konno, R. Kosack, K. Kostunin, D. Kreter, M. Lamanna, G. Lemiere, A. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Lenain, J.-P. Levy, C. Lohse, T. Lypova, I. Mackey, J. Majumdar, J. Malyshev, D. Malyshev, D. Marandon, V. Marchegiani, P. Marcowith, A. Mares, A. Martí-Devesa, G. Marx, R. Maurin, G. Meintjes, P.J. Meyer, M. Moderski, R. Mohamed, M. Mohrmann, L. Montanari, A. Moore, C. Morris, P. Moulin, E. Muller, J. Murach, T. Nakashima, K. Nayerhoda, A. De Naurois, M. Ndiyavala, H. Niederwanger, F. Niemiec, J. Oakes, L. O'Brien, P. Odaka, H. Ohm, S. Olivera-Nieto, L. De Ona Wilhelmi, E. Ostrowski, M. Panter, M. Panny, S. Parsons, R.D. Peron, G. Peyaud, B. Piel, Q. Pita, S. Poireau, V. Noel, A.P. Prokhorov, D.A. Prokoph, H. Pühlhofer, G. Punch, M. Quirrenbach, A. Rauth, R. Reichherzer, P. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Remy, Q. Renaud, M. Rieger, F. Rinchiuso, L. Romoli, C. Rowell, G. Rudak, B. Ruiz-Velasco, E. Sahakian, V. Sailer, S. Sanchez, D.A. Santangelo, A. Sasaki, M. Scalici, M. Schutte, H.M. Schwanke, U. Schwemmer, S. Seglar-Arroyo, M. Senniappan, M. Seyffert, A.S. Shafi, N. Shiningayamwe, K. Simoni, R. Sinha, A. Sol, H. Specovius, A. Spencer, S. Spir-Jacob, M. Stawarz, Ł. Sun, L. Steenkamp, R. Stegmann, C. Steinmassl, S. Steppa, C. Takahashi, T. Tavernier, T. Taylor, A.M. Terrier, R. Tiziani, D. Tluczykont, M. Tomankova, L. Trichard, C. Tsirou, M. Tuffs, R. Uchiyama, Y. Van Der Walt, D.J. Van Eldik, C. Van Rensburg, C. Van Soelen, B. Vasileiadis, G. Veh, J. Venter, C. Vincent, P. Vink, J. Völk, H.J. Vuillaume, T. Wadiasingh, Z. Wagner, S.J. Watson, J. Werner, F. White, R. Wierzcholska, A. Wong, Y.W. Yusafzai, A. Zacharias, M. Zanin, R. Zargaryan, D. Zdziarski, A.A. Zech, A. Zhu, S.J. Zorn, J. Zouari, S. Żywucka, N. Acciari, V.A. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Engels, A.A. Artero, M. Asano, K. Baack, D. Babić, A. Baquero, A. De Almeida, U.B. Barrio, J.A. Becerra González, J. Bednarek, W. Bellizzi, L. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bhattacharyya, W. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Busetto, G. Carosi, R. Ceribella, G. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Chilingarian, A. Cikota, S. Colak, S.M. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. D'Amico, G. D'Elia, V. Da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. De Lotto, B. Delfino, M. Delgado, J. Delgado Mendez, C. Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Di Venere, L. Do Souto Espineira, E. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsaesser, D. Fallah Ramazani, V. Fattorini, A. Ferrara, G. Fonseca, M.V. Font, L. Fruck, C. Fukami, S. García López, R.J. Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinović, N. Green, J.G. Green, D. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hoang, J. Hrupec, D. Hütten, M. Inada, T. Inoue, S. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Jiménez, I. Jormanainen, J. Jouvin, L. Kajiwara, Y. Karjalainen, M. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamastra, A. Lelas, D. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, R. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Machado De Oliveira Fraga, B. Maggio, C. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, M. Maneva, G. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Maraschi, L. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Mazin, D. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, S. Miceli, D. Miener, T. Minev, M. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, R. Molina, E. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, D. Moreno, V. Moretti, E. Neustroev, V. Nigro, C. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, K. Nozaki, S. Ohtani, Y. Oka, T. Otero-Santos, J. Paiano, S. Palatiello, M. Paneque, D. Paoletti, R. Paredes, J.M. Pavletić, L. Penil, P. Perennes, C. Persic, M. Moroni, P.G.P. Prandini, E. Priyadarshi, C. Puljak, I. Rhode, W. Ribó, M. Rico, J. Righi, C. Rugliancich, A. Saha, L. Sahakyan, N. Saito, T. Sakurai, S. Satalecka, K. Saturni, F.G. Schleicher, B. Schmidt, K. Schweizer, T. Sitarek, J. Šnidarić, I. Sobczynska, D. Spolon, A. Stamerra, A. Strom, D. Strzys, M. Suda, Y. Surić, T. Takahashi, M. Tavecchio, F. Temnikov, P. Terzić, T. Teshima, M. Tosti, L. Truzzi, S. Tutone, A. Ubach, S. Van Scherpenberg, J. Vanzo, G. Vazquez Acosta, M. Ventura, S. Verguilov, V. Vigorito, C.F. Vitale, V. Vovk, I. Will, M. Wunderlich, C. Zarić, D. Adams, C.B. Benbow, W. Brill, A. Capasso, M. Christiansen, J.L. Chromey, A.J. Daniel, M.K. Errando, M. Farrell, K.A. Feng, Q. Finley, J.P. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Gent, A. Giuri, C. Hassan, T. Hervet, O. Holder, J. Hughes, G. Humensky, T.B. Jin, W. Kaaret, P. Kertzman, M. Kieda, D. Kumar, S. Lang, M.J. Lundy, M. Maier, G. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Nieto, D. Nievas-Rosillo, M. O'Brien, S. Ong, R.A. Otte, A.N. Patel, S. Pfrang, K. Pohl, M. Prado, R.R. Pueschel, E. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reynolds, P.T. Ribeiro, D. Richards, G.T. Roache, E. Rulten, C. Ryan, J.L. Santander, M. Sembroski, G.H. Shang, R. Weinstein, A. Williams, D.A. Williamson, T.J. Hirota, T. Cui, L. Niinuma, K. Ro, H. Sakai, N. Sawada-Satoh, S. Wajima, K. Wang, N. Liu, X. Yonekura, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M o˙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87's spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded. © 2021. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society..

Published
2021

30. Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array for probing cosmology and fundamental physics with gamma-ray propagation

Author

J.-P. Lenain, A. Domínguez, Jonathan Ivor Davies, T. Armstrong, A. A. Zdziarski, F. Gianotti, M. Balbo, E. O. Angüner, M. Marculewicz, Alasdair E. Gent, Alice Donini, Olivier Hervet, Henry Przybilski, Giacomo Principe, G. Leto, M. Peresano, Stefano Covino, P. A. Caraveo, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, D. de Martino, V. V. Vassiliev, D. Cauz, F. R. Pantaleo, U. Barres de Almeida, Pietro Bruno, E. Lindfors, M. Zavrtanik, G. Hughes, Miriam Lucio Martinez, P. Bordas, Y. Suda, G. S. Varner, R. Rando, K. Cerny, S. Pita, Csaba Balázs, E. Fiandrini, Michael Backes, Tomohiko Oka, Massimo Persic, Andrea Chiavassa, Johannes Veh, A. Stamerra, Fabrizio Tavecchio, B. Biasuzzi, Michael Punch, Soebur Razzaque, F. D'Ammando, P. I. Batista, Bruna Bertucci, F. Longo, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Michael G. Burton, Bohdan Hnatyk, P. Sangiorgi, E. M. Santos, D. Nosek, Gagik Tovmassian, J. L. Dournaux, Pedro L. Luque-Escamilla, A. Aguirre-Santaella, M. Orienti, Lluis Font, Andreas Quirrenbach, Philippe Laporte, Ralf Kissmann, Francesco Lucarelli, K. Noda, I. Jiménez Martínez, G. Romeo, Wystan Benbow, P. Romano, B. Bi, J. Grube, H.-S. Zechlin, Giacomo Bonnoli, Martin White, J. P. Osborne, Enrico Cascone, Marek Jamrozy, C. Alispach, Miroslav Pech, O. Cuevas, Petr Schovanek, K. Hayashi, V. I. Zhdanov, Javier Coronado-Blázquez, D. Medina Miranda, Barbara Balmaverde, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, Frank M. Rieger, A. Shalchi, J. M. Paredes, Ruben Alfaro, N. Giglietto, Diego Falceta-Gonçalves, Helene Sol, Rodolfo Carosi, Ayan Acharyya, Dominik Elsässer, S. Vercellone, D. Pimentel, T. Mizuno, Alessandro Bruno, Juan Abel Barrio, K. Kosack, Mauro Orlandini, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, P. Marquez, Adrian Biland, Y. Kobayashi, Nicholas F. H Tothill, M. de Naurois, Daniele Spiga, Lili Yang, L. Tibaldo, Pavel Horvath, M. Lopez, I. Sadeh, Marek Nikolajuk, F. Schüssler, Reshmi Mukherjee, Gianpaolo Vettolani, Jürgen Knödlseder, Daniel Nieto, R. Hnatyk, German Martinez, Diego F. Torres, Farinaldo S. Queiroz, N. Parmiggiani, G. Lamanna, Marcos Santander, S. Fegan, I. Vovk, M. Sánchez-Conde, Wiphu Rujopakarn, Norita Kawanaka, R. C. Shellard, Michael C. B. Ashley, J. Jurysek, Francisco J. Franco, Samuel Timothy Spencer, E. Rebert, J. Morales Merino, M. Pecimotika, Marco Berton, Regis Terrier, G. A. Beck, Carlos Díaz, J. L. Contreras, G. Zaharijas, R. Moderski, José-María Martí, A. Insolia, D. Zavrtanik, K. Kohri, Ladislav Chytka, T. Grabarczyk, A. Zech, M. Garczarczyk, Anastasia Sokolenko, J. Lefaucheur, R. A. Cameron, Moritz Hütten, S. Karkar, K. Pfrang, V. Poireau, Asaf Pe'er, A. Reimer, Fabio Acero, L. Freixas Coromina, David Sánchez, Jonathan S. Lapington, Konstantinos N. Gourgouliatos, J.R. Hörandel, Mario Buscemi, Francesco Dazzi, Abelardo Moralejo, J. Bolmont, R. White, A. Rosales de Leon, J. Prast, Sabrina Einecke, Roberto Aloisio, Yvonne Becherini, Andreas Specovius, Shohei Yanagita, Juan Cortina, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Petr Janecek, D. Depaoli, Lucas Taylor, U. Schwanke, H. Abdalla, S. Recchia, Manuela Mallamaci, M. K. Daniel, Q. Feng, L. Baroncelli, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Susumu Inoue, U. Straumann, Masatoshi Ohishi, Roberto Capuzzo-Dolcetta, Nu. Komin, Federico Russo, R. de Cássia dos Anjos, Y. Ohira, Ferdinando Giordano, Nagisa Hiroshima, E. Garcia, Gavin Rowell, V. Bozhilov, Maxim V. Barkov, Dario Hrupec, I. Oya, F. Salesa Greus, Anna Wolter, M. Živec, R. Belmont, R. Adam, T. Reposeur, J. Rico, A. W. Chen, G. Pühlhofer, H. Prokoph, Stefan Wagner, F. Di Pierro, Fabrizio Bocchino, M. de Bony de Lavergne, A. Kong, Masha Chernyakova, M. Pohl, M. Vazquez Acosta, A. Nagai, A. Brill, Dusan Mandat, Jonathan Biteau, Martin Makariev, Catherine Boisson, E. Lyard, Gilles Maurin, H. Martínez-Huerta, Oscar Blanch, Bernd Schleicher, M. Minev, A. Berti, James E. M. Watson, Talvikki Hovatta, M. Valentino, Luis Ángel Tejedor, Elena Amato, M. V. Fonseca, Anderson Caproni, L. Mohrmann, P. Reichherzer, R. L. C. Starling, M. Seglar Arroyo, E. Orlando, B. Rudak, G. Emery, J. A. Green, Salvo Scuderi, M. Prouza, Tom Richtler, Bartłomiej Pilszyk, A. Carosi, Jacek Niemiec, Wolfgang Rhode, G. Ambrosi, D. Ribeiro, A. Wierzcholska, A. Ghalumyan, Eugenio Bottacini, Sylvain Chaty, A. Baquero Larriva, Olaf Reimer, D. Horan, Fabian Leuschner, T. Di Girolamo, Alessandro Caccianiga, Martin Will, Saverio Lombardi, A. Fiasson, Mitsunari Takahashi, J. J. Rodríguez Vázquez, B. De Lotto, V. De Caprio, Stefano Truzzi, Dirk L. Hoffmann, M. Vecchi, Antonio Pagliaro, Jose J. Gonzalez, Wenwu Tian, R. Della Ceca, J. Becerra González, S. Nozaki, T. Vuillaume, S. L. Lloyd, Maria Ionica, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Petr Travnicek, Y. Ascasibar, Carlo Vigorito, F. Tuossenel, Malcolm Fairbairn, O. Martinez, Marco Iarlori, Serena Loporchio, Alessandro Costa, R. Pillera, A. Morselli, M. Heller, Jaime Rosado, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, V. Vitale, A. M. Brown, E. Molina, Takashi Saito, A. De Angelis, Thomas Murach, R. A. Ong, J. Bregeon, P. T. O'Brien, Mikael Jacquemont, P. Cristofari, Francesco Conte, Lab Saha, R. Walter, Vitalii Sliusar, W. Jin, Vito Conforti, N. Produit, H. Siejkowski, Lovro Pavletić, Carole Mundell, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J. F. Glicenstein, Paresh Sharma, C. Delgado, Vladimír Karas, Luca Foffano, J. Granot, Manuel Meyer, Reiko Orito, G. Umana, G. Chiaro, D. Tonev, R. Wiemann, G. Manicò, J.C. Rodriguez Ramirez, Luca Tosti, Markus Böttcher, Andrea Bulgarelli, C. Díaz-Bahamondes, I. Jung-Richardt, Karol Seweryn, P. Piatteli, Agnieszka Slowikowska, Jan Ebr, M. Ostrowski, J. L. Rodriguez, D. della Volpe, Ermanno Pietropaolo, M. Caprai, T. Montaruli, A. Lopez, Rodrigo Nemmen, R. R. Prado, L. Arrabito, Atreyee Sinha, C. van Eldik, Serguei Vorobiov, Hidetoshi Sano, J. Alfaro, Sabrina Casanova, G. Maneva, B. Vallage, Valentina Fioretti, Carmelo Evoli, P. Kaaret, B. A. W. Mode, Agnieszka Majczyna, Sebastian Diebold, A. Scherer, F. de Palma, S. Hernández Cadena, V. Beshley, T.R.N. Ekoume, David A. Williams, M. Capasso, A. Halim, Alison Mitchell, Tomislav Terzić, Paola Grandi, Lorenzo Amati, Christopher Eckner, David Gascon, K. Nishijima, J. Becker Tjus, B. Khélifi, G. Galanti, Jamie Holder, Vincenzo Rizi, Orel Gueta, Daniele Gaggero, F. Pintore, Utane Sawangwit, Vassil Verguilov, Heide Costantini, F. Arqueros, Daniel Kerszberg, P. M. Chadwick, D. Zarić, Marc Ribó, Olga Sergijenko, Dario Grasso, Hidetoshi Kubo, Daniela Dorner, T. Stolarczyk, M. Gaug, R. Alves Batista, Elisa Bernardini, Vikram V. Dwarkadas, Jim Hinton, Jelena Strišković, Andreu Sanuy, M. Servillat, V. Barbosa Martins, Giovanni Bonanno, S. Gunji, R. Wischnewski, S. Sarkar, Gianluca Giavitto, Takeshi Nakamori, M. Palatka, Maria Letizia Pumo, Camilla Maggio, M. Zacharias, Katsuaki Asano, Valerio Vagelli, Anton Dmytriiev, Ryo Yamazaki, M. Vacula, P. Goldoni, Gilles Fontaine, Hiroshi Muraishi, D. Mazin, Samo Stanič, G. Ghirlanda, M. Polo, M. Nievas, M. Lemoine-Goumard, Oleh Petruk, Jose Miguel Miranda, M. Iori, A. Marcowith, Y. Renier, Satoshi Fukami, M. Roncadelli, F. Leone, Takanori Yoshikoshi, Ana Luiza d'Ávila Viana, Y. Fukui, Max Harvey, Sera Markoff, I. Agudo, P. Temnikov, Vincenzo Testa, R. López-Coto, J.D. Mbarubucyeye, Tjark Miener, David Paneque, V. Gammaldi, T. Hassan Collado, H. Abe, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, S. D. Vergani, Sasa Micanovic, P. Vallania, Marina Manganaro, Elena Torresi, M. Giarrusso, G. Ferrand, Paweł Świerk, B. Patricelli, Matteo Cerruti, N. La Palombara, D. Morcuende-Parrilla, V. de Souza, Toshiaki Inada, Yasushi Fukazawa, Werner Hofmann, Michele Doro, E. Pueschel, A. Araudo, E. Sciacca, Thomas Lohse, A. Djannati-Ataï, Abdalla, H., Abe, H., Acero, F., Acharyya, A., Adam, R., Agudo, I., Aguirre-Santaella, A., Alfaro, R., Alfaro, J., Alispach, C., Aloisio, R., Alves Batista, R., Amati, L., Amato, E., Ambrosi, G., Ang??ner, E. O., Araudo, A., Armstrong, T., Arqueros, F., Arrabito, L., Asano, K., Ascas??bar, Y., Ashley, M., Backes, M., Balazs, C., Balbo, M., Balmaverde, B., Baquero Larriva, A., Barbosa Martins, V., Barkov, M., Baroncelli, L., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Batista, P. -I., Becerra Gonz??lez, J., Becherini, Y., Beck, G., Becker Tjus, J., Belmont, R., Benbow, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Berton, M., Bertucci, B., Beshley, V., Bi, B., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Bissaldi, E., Biteau, J., Blanch, O., Bocchino, F., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Bonanno, G., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Bottacini, E., B??ttcher, M., Bozhilov, V., Bregeon, J., Brill, A., Brown, A. M., Bruno, P., Bruno, A., Bulgarelli, A., Burton, M., Buscemi, M., Caccianiga, A., Cameron, R., Capasso, M., Caprai, M., Caproni, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Caraveo, P., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Cascone, E., Cauz, D., Cerny, K., Cerruti, M., Chadwick, P., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chernyakova, M., Chiaro, G., Chiavassa, A., Chytka, L., Conforti, V., Conte, F., Contreras, J. L., Coronado-Blazquez, J., Cortina, J., Costa, A., Costantini, H., Covino, S., Cristofari, P., Cuevas, O., D'Ammando, F., Daniel, M. K., Davies, J., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., de Bony de Lavergne, M., De Caprio, V., de C??ssia dos Anjos, R., de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., De Lotto, B., De Martino, D., de Naurois, M., de O??a Wilhelmi, E., De Palma, F., de Souza, V., Delgado, C., Della Ceca, R., della Volpe, D., Depaoli, D., Di Girolamo, T., Di Pierro, F., D??az, C., D??az-Bahamondes, C., Diebold, S., Djannati-Ata??, A., Dmytriiev, A., Dom??nguez, A., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Dournaux, J., Dwarkadas, V. V., Ebr, J., Eckner, C., Einecke, S., Ekoume, T. R. N., Els??sser, D., Emery, G., Evoli, C., Fairbairn, M., Falceta-Goncalves, D., Fegan, S., Feng, Q., Ferrand, G., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Fioretti, V., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fontaine, G., Franco, F. J., Freixas Coromina, L., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Gaggero, D., Galanti, G., Gammaldi, V., Garcia, E., Garczarczyk, M., Gascon, D., Gaug, M., Gent, A., Ghalumyan, A., Ghirlanda, G., Gianotti, F., Giarrusso, M., Giavitto, G., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glicenstein, J., Goldoni, P., Gonz??lez, J. M., Gourgouliatos, K., Grabarczyk, T., Grandi, P., Granot, J., Grasso, D., Green, J., Grube, J., Gueta, O., Gunji, S., Halim, A., Harvey, M., Hassan Collado, T., Hayashi, K., Heller, M., Hern??ndez Cadena, S., Hervet, O., Hinton, J., Hiroshima, N., Hnatyk, B., Hnatyk, R., Hoffmann, D., Hofmann, W., Holder, J., Horan, D., H??randel, J., Horvath, P., Hovatta, T., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., H??tten, M., Iarlori, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Insolia, A., Ionica, M., Iori, M., Jacquemont, M., Jamrozy, M., Janecek, P., Jim??nez Mart??nez, I., Jin, W., Jung-Richardt, I., Jurysek, J., Kaaret, P., Karas, V., Karkar, S., Kawanaka, N., Kerszberg, D., Kh??lifi, B., Kissmann, R., Kn??dlseder, J., Kobayashi, Y., Kohri, K., Komin, N., Kong, A., Kosack, K., Kubo, H., La Palombara, N., Lamanna, G., Lang, R. G., Lapington, J., Laporte, P., Lefaucheur, J., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J., Leone, F., Leto, G., Leuschner, F., Lindfors, E., Lloyd, S., Lohse, T., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, A., L??pez, M., L??pez-Coto, R., Loporchio, S., Lucarelli, F., Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Lyard, E., Maggio, C., Majczyna, A., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Manic??, G., Marcowith, A., Marculewicz, M., Markoff, S., Marquez, P., Mart??, J., Martinez, O., Mart??nez, M., Mart??nez, G., Mart??nez-Huerta, H., Maurin, G., Mazin, D., Mbarubucyeye, J. D., Medina Miranda, D., Meyer, M., Micanovic, S., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mitchell, A., Mizuno, T., Mode, B., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Molina, E., Montaruli, T., Moralejo, A., Morales Merino, J., Morcuende-Parrilla, D., Morselli, A., Mukherjee, R., Mundell, C., Murach, T., Muraishi, H., Nagai, A., Nakamori, T., Nemmen, R., Niemiec, J., Nieto, D., Nievas, M., Nikolajuk, M., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nosek, D., Nozaki, S., O'Brien, P., Ohira, Y., Ohishi, M., Oka, T., Ong, R. A., Orienti, M., Orito, R., Orlandini, M., Orlando, E., Osborne, J. P., Ostrowski, M., Oya, I., Pagliaro, A., Palatka, M., Paneque, D., Pantaleo, F. R., Paredes, J. M., Parmiggiani, N., Patricelli, B., Pavleti??, L., Pe'Er, A., Pech, M., Pecimotika, M., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Petruk, O., Pfrang, K., Piatteli, P., Pietropaolo, E., Pillera, R., Pilszyk, B., Pimentel, D., Pintore, F., Pita, S., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Polo, M., Prado, R. R., Prast, J., Principe, G., Produit, N., Prokoph, H., Prouza, M., Przybilski, H., Pueschel, E., P??hlhofer, G., Pumo, M. L., Punch, M., Queiroz, F., Quirrenbach, A., Rando, R., Razzaque, S., Rebert, E., Recchia, S., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, O., Reimer, A., Renier, Y., Reposeur, T., Rhode, W., Ribeiro, D., Rib??, M., Richtler, T., Rico, J., Rieger, F., Rizi, V., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Ramirez, J. C., Rodr??guez V??zquez, J. J., Romano, P., Romeo, G., Roncadelli, M., Rosado, J., Rosales de Leon, A., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Rujopakarn, W., Russo, F., Sadeh, I., Saha, L., Saito, T., Salesa Greus, F., Sanchez, D., S??nchez-Conde, M., Sangiorgi, P., Sano, H., Santander, M., Santos, E. M., Sanuy, A., Sarkar, S., Saturni, F. G., Sawangwit, U., Scherer, A., Schleicher, B., Schovanek, P., Schussler, F., Schwanke, U., Sciacca, E., Scuderi, S., Seglar Arroyo, M., Sergijenko, O., Servillat, M., Seweryn, K., Shalchi, A., Sharma, P., Shellard, R. C., Siejkowski, H., Sinha, A., Sliusar, V., Slowikowska, A., Sokolenko, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spiga, D., Stamerra, A., Stani??, S., Starling, R., Stolarczyk, T., Straumann, U., Stri??kovi??, J., Suda, Y., wierk, P., Tagliaferri, G., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Taylor, L., Tejedor, L. A., Temnikov, P., Terrier, R., Terzic, T., Testa, V., Tian, W., Tibaldo, L., Tonev, D., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Tosti, L., Tothill, N., Tovmassian, G., Travnicek, P., Truzzi, S., Tuossenel, F., Umana, G., Vacula, M., Vagelli, V., Valentino, M., Vallage, B., Vallania, P., van Eldik, C., Varner, G. S., Vassiliev, V., V??zquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Vercellone, S., Vergani, S., Verguilov, V., Vettolani, G. P., Viana, A., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vorobiov, S., Vovk, I., Vuillaume, T., Wagner, S. J., Walter, R., Watson, J., White, M., White, R., Wiemann, R., Wierzcholska, A., Will, M., Williams, D. A., Wischnewski, R., Wolter, A., Yamazaki, R., Yanagita, S., Yang, L., Yoshikoshi, T., Zacharias, M., Zaharijas, G., Zaric, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zechlin, H., Zhdanov, V. I., ivec, M., Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Academy of Finland, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, National Science Centre (Poland), Slovenian Research Agency, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CTA, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Batista, R. A., Anguner, E. O., Ascasibar, Y., Larriva, A. B., Martins, V. B., De Almeida, U. B., Gonzalez, J. B., Tjus, J. B., Arbeletche, L. B., Bottcher, M., Angelis, A. D., De Lavergne, M. D. B., Caprio, V. D., De Dos Anjos, R. C., De Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., Lotto, B. D., Martino, D. D., De Naurois, M., Wilhelmi, E. D. O., DE PALMA, F., De Souza, V., Ceca, R. D., Volpe, D. D., Girolamo, T. D., Pierro, F. D., Diaz, C., Diaz-Bahamondes, C., Djannati-Atai, A., Dominguez, A., Elsasser, D., Coromina, L. F., Gonzalez, J. M., Collado, T. H., Cadena, S. H., Horandel, J., Hutten, M., Martinez, I. J., Khelifi, B., Knodlseder, J., Palombara, N. L., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Manico, G., Marti, J., Martinez, M., Martinez, G., Martinez-Huerta, H., Miranda, D. M., Merino, J. M., Pavletic, L., Puhlhofer, G., Ribo, M., Fernandez, G. R., Ramirez, J. C. R., Vazquez, J. J. R., De Leon, A. R., Greus, F. S., Sanchez-Conde, M., Arroyo, M. S., Stanic, S., Striskovic, J., Swierk, P., Eldik, C. V., Acosta, M. V., Zivec, M., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abdalla H., Abe H., Acero F., Acharyya A., Adam R., Agudo I., Aguirre-Santaella A., Alfaro R., Alfaro J., Alispach C., Aloisio R., Batista R.A., Amati L., Amato E., Ambrosi G., Anguner E.O., Araudo A., Armstrong T., Arqueros F., Arrabito L., Asano K., Ascasibar Y., Ashley M., Backes M., Balazs C., Balbo M., Balmaverde B., Larriva A.B., Martins V.B., Barkov M., Baroncelli L., De Almeida U.B., Barrio J.A., Batista P.-I., Gonzalez J.B., Becherini Y., Beck G., Tjus J.B., Belmont R., Benbow W., Bernardini E., Berti A., Berton M., Bertucci B., Beshley V., Bi B., Biasuzzi B., Biland A., Bissaldi E., Biteau J., Blanch O., Bocchino F., Boisson C., Bolmont J., Bonanno G., Arbeletche L.B., Bonnoli G., Bordas P., Bottacini E., Bottcher M., Bozhilov V., Bregeon J., Brill A., Brown A.M., Bruno P., Bruno A., Bulgarelli A., Burton M., Buscemi M., Caccianiga A., Cameron R., Capasso M., Caprai M., Caproni A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta R., Caraveo P., Carosi R., Carosi A., Casanova S., Cascone E., Cauz D., Cerny K., Cerruti M., Chadwick P., Chaty S., Chen A., Chernyakova M., Chiaro G., Chiavassa A., Chytka L., Conforti V., Conte F., Contreras J.L., Coronado-Blazquez J., Cortina J., Costa A., Costantini H., Covino S., Cristofari P., Cuevas O., D'Ammando F., Daniel M.K., Davies J., Dazzi F., Angelis A.D., De Lavergne M.D.B., Caprio V.D., De Dos Anjos R.C., De Gouveia Dal Pino E.M., Lotto B.D., Martino D.D., De Naurois M., Wilhelmi E.D.O., Palma F.D., De Souza V., Delgado C., Ceca R.D., Volpe D.D., Depaoli D., Girolamo T.D., Pierro F.D., Diaz C., Diaz-Bahamondes C., Diebold S., Djannati-Atai A., Dmytriiev A., Dominguez A., Donini A., Dorner D., Doro M., Dournaux J., Dwarkadas V.V., Ebr J., Eckner C., Einecke S., Ekoume T.R.N., Elsasser D., Emery G., Evoli C., Fairbairn M., Falceta-Goncalves D., Fegan S., Feng Q., Ferrand G., Fiandrini E., Fiasson A., Fioretti V., Foffano L., Fonseca M.V., Font L., Fontaine G., Franco F.J., Coromina L.F., Fukami S., Fukazawa Y., Fukui Y., Gaggero D., Galanti G., Gammaldi V., Garcia E., Garczarczyk M., Gascon D., Gaug M., Gent A., Ghalumyan A., Ghirlanda G., Gianotti F., Giarrusso M., Giavitto G., Giglietto N., Giordano F., Glicenstein J., Goldoni P., Gonzalez J.M., Gourgouliatos K., Grabarczyk T., Grandi P., Granot J., Grasso D., Green J., Grube J., Gueta O., Gunji S., Halim A., Harvey M., Collado T.H., Hayashi K., Heller M., Cadena S.H., Hervet O., Hinton J., Hiroshima N., Hnatyk B., Hnatyk R., Hoffmann D., Hofmann W., Holder J., Horan D., Horandel J., Horvath P., Hovatta T., Hrabovsky M., Hrupec D., Hughes G., Hutten M., Iarlori M., Inada T., Inoue S., Insolia A., Ionica M., Iori M., Jacquemont M., Jamrozy M., Janecek P., Martinez I.J., Jin W., Jung-Richardt I., Jurysek J., Kaaret P., Karas V., Karkar S., Kawanaka N., Kerszberg D., Khelifi B., Kissmann R., Knodlseder J., Kobayashi Y., Kohri K., Komin N., Kong A., Kosack K., Kubo H., Palombara N.L., Lamanna G., Lang R.G., Lapington J., Laporte P., Lefaucheur J., Lemoine-Goumard M., Lenain J., Leone F., Leto G., Leuschner F., Lindfors E., Lloyd S., Lohse T., Lombardi S., Longo F., Lopez A., Lopez M., Lopez-Coto R., Loporchio S., Lucarelli F., Luque-Escamilla P.L., Lyard E., Maggio C., Majczyna A., Makariev M., Mallamaci M., Mandat D., Maneva G., Manganaro M., Manico G., Marcowith A., Marculewicz M., Markoff S., Marquez P., Marti J., Martinez O., Martinez M., Martinez G., Martinez-Huerta H., Maurin G., Mazin D., Mbarubucyeye J.D., Miranda D.M., Meyer M., Micanovic S., Miener T., Minev M., Miranda J.M., Mitchell A., Mizuno T., Mode B., Moderski R., Mohrmann L., Molina E., Montaruli T., Moralejo A., Merino J.M., Morcuende-Parrilla D., Morselli A., Mukherjee R., Mundell C., Murach T., Muraishi H., Nagai A., Nakamori T., Nemmen R., Niemiec J., Nieto D., Nievas M., Nikolajuk M., Nishijima K., Noda K., Nosek D., Nozaki S., O'Brien P., Ohira Y., Ohishi M., Oka T., Ong R.A., Orienti M., Orito R., Orlandini M., Orlando E., Osborne J.P., Ostrowski M., Oya I., Pagliaro A., Palatka M., Paneque D., Pantaleo F.R., Paredes J.M., Parmiggiani N., Patricelli B., Pavletic L., Pe'Er A., Pech M., Pecimotika M., Peresano M., Persic M., Petruk O., Pfrang K., Piatteli P., Pietropaolo E., Pillera R., Pilszyk B., Pimentel D., Pintore F., Pita S., Pohl M., Poireau V., Polo M., Prado R.R., Prast J., Principe G., Produit N., Prokoph H., Prouza M., Przybilski H., Pueschel E., Puhlhofer G., Pumo M.L., Punch M., Queiroz F., Quirrenbach A., Rando R., Razzaque S., Rebert E., Recchia S., Reichherzer P., Reimer O., Reimer A., Renier Y., Reposeur T., Rhode W., Ribeiro D., Ribo M., Richtler T., Rico J., Rieger F., Rizi V., Rodriguez J., Fernandez G.R., Ramirez J.C.R., Vazquez J.J.R., Romano P., Romeo G., Roncadelli M., Rosado J., De Leon A.R., Rowell G., Rudak B., Rujopakarn W., Russo F., Sadeh I., Saha L., Saito T., Greus F.S., Sanchez D., Sanchez-Conde M., Sangiorgi P., Sano H., Santander M., Santos E.M., Sanuy A., Sarkar S., Saturni F.G., Sawangwit U., Scherer A., Schleicher B., Schovanek P., Schussler F., Schwanke U., Sciacca E., Scuderi S., Arroyo M.S., Sergijenko O., Servillat M., Seweryn K., Shalchi A., Sharma P., Shellard R.C., Siejkowski H., Sinha A., Sliusar V., Slowikowska A., Sokolenko A., Sol H., Specovius A., Spencer S., Spiga D., Stamerra A., Stanic S., Starling R., Stolarczyk T., Straumann U., Striskovic J., Suda Y., Swierk P., Tagliaferri G., Takahashi H., Takahashi M., Tavecchio F., Taylor L., Tejedor L.A., Temnikov P., Terrier R., Terzic T., Testa V., Tian W., Tibaldo L., Tonev D., Torres D.F., Torresi E., Tosti L., Tothill N., Tovmassian G., Travnicek P., Truzzi S., Tuossenel F., Umana G., Vacula M., Vagelli V., Valentino M., Vallage B., Vallania P., Eldik C.V., Varner G.S., Vassiliev V., Acosta M.V., Vecchi M., Veh J., Vercellone S., Vergani S., Verguilov V., Vettolani G.P., Viana A., Vigorito C.F., Vitale V., Vorobiov S., Vovk I., Vuillaume T., Wagner S.J., Walter R., Watson J., White M., White R., Wiemann R., Wierzcholska A., Will M., Williams D.A., Wischnewski R., Wolter A., Yamazaki R., Yanagita S., Yang L., Yoshikoshi T., Zacharias M., Zaharijas G., Zaric D., Zavrtanik M., Zavrtanik D., Zdziarski A.A., Zech A., Zechlin H., Zhdanov V.I., Zivec M., ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, AUS, BRA, BGR, CHL, HRV, FIN, JPN, IRL, MEX, NAM, NLD, POL, CZE, SVN, SWE, CHE, UKR, Astronomy, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), and Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Gamma ray Astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, axions, MATÉRIA ESCURA, redshift: dependence, Astronomy, Gamma ray experiments, gamma ray experiments, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, Observatory, cosmological model: parameter space, gamma ray experiment, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, Physics, Cherenkov telescopes, IACT technique, Gamma rays, Cosmic rays, new physics, 4. Education, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, violation: Lorentz, 3. Good health, observatory, Extragalactic background light, astro-ph.CO, axion-like particles, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, gamma ray: propagation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Active galactic nucleus, Axions, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, invariance: Lorentz, jet: relativistic, dark matter: halo, 0103 physical sciences, active galactic nuclei, extragalactic magnetic fields, AGN, Blazar, background, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, sensitivity, axion, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], absorption, statistical, Blazars, Telescopes
Abstract

Full list of authors: Abdalla, H.; Abe, H.; Acero, F.; Acharyya, A.; Adam, R.; Agudo, I; Aguirre-Santaella, A.; Alfaro, R.; Alfaro, J.; Alispach, C.; Aloisio, R.; Batista, R. Alves; Amati, L.; Amato, E.; Ambrosi, G.; Anguner, E. O.; Araudo, A.; Armstrong, T.; Arqueros, F.; Arrabito, L.; Asano, K.; Ascasibar, Y.; Ashley, M.; Backes, M.; Balazs, C.; Balbo, M.; Balmaverde, B.; Baquero Larriva, A.; Martins, V. Barbosa; Barkov, M.; Baroncelli, L.; de Almeida, U. Barres; Barrio, J. A.; Batista, P-, I; Becerra Gonzalez, J.; Becherini, Y.; Beck, G.; Tjus, J. Becker; Belmont, R.; Benbow, W.; Bernardini, E.; Berti, A.; Berton, M.; Bertucci, B.; Beshley, V; Bi, B.; Biasuzzi, B.; Biland, A.; Bissaldi, E.; Biteau, J.; Blanch, O.; Bocchino, F.; Boisson, C.; Bolmont, J.; Bonanno, G.; Arbeletche, L. Bonneau; Bonnoli, G.; Bordas, P.; Bottacini, E.; Bottcher, M.; Bozhilov, V; Bregeon, J.; Brill, A.; Brown, A. M.; Bruno, P.; Bruno, A.; Bulgarelli, A.; Burton, M.; Buscemi, M.; Caccianiga, A.; Cameron, R.; Capasso, M.; Caprai, M.; Caproni, A.; Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R.; Caraveo, P.; Carosi, R.; Carosi, A.; Casanova, S.; Cascone, E.; Cauz, D.; Cerny, K.; Cerruti, M.; Chadwick, P.; Chaty, S.; Chen, A.; Chernyakova, M.; Chiaro, G.; Chiavassa, A.; Chytka, L.; Conforti, V; Conte, F.; Contreras, J. L.; Coronado-Blazquez, J.; Cortina, J.; Costa, A.; Costantini, H.; Covino, S.; Cristofari, P.; Cuevas, O.; D'Ammando, F.; Daniel, M. K.; Davies, J.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; de Lavergne, M. de Bony; De Caprio, V; dos Anjos, R. de Cassia; Dal Pino, E. M. de Gouveia; De Lotto, B.; De Martino, D.; de Naurois, M.; Wilhelmi, E. de Ona; De Palma, F.; de Souza, V; Delgado, C.; Della Ceca, R.; della Volpe, D.; Depaoli, D.; Di Girolamo, T.; Di Pierro, F.; Diaz, C.; Diaz-Bahamondes, C.; Diebold, S.; Djannati-Atai, A.; Dmytriiev, A.; Dominguez, A.; Donini, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Dournaux, J.; Dwarkadas, V. V.; Ebr, J.; Eckner, C.; Einecke, S.; Ekoume, T. R. N.; Elsaesser, D.; Emery, G.; Evoli, C.; Fairbairn, M.; Falceta-Goncalves, D.; Fegan, S.; Feng, Q.; Ferrand, G.; Fiandrini, E.; Fiasson, A.; Fioretti, V; Foffano, L.; Fonseca, M., V; Font, L.; Fontaine, G.; Franco, F. J.; Freixas Coromina, L.; Fukami, S.; Fukazawa, Y.; Fukui, Y.; Gaggero, D.; Galanti, G.; Gammaldi, V; Garcia, E.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gascon, D.; Gaug, M.; Gent, A.; Ghalumyan, A.; Ghirlanda, G.; Gianotti, F.; Giarrusso, M.; Giavitto, G.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Glicenstein, J.; Goldoni, P.; Gonzalez, J. M.; Gourgouliatos, K.; Grabarczyk, T.; Grandi, P.; Granot, J.; Grasso, D.; Green, J.; Grube, J.; Gueta, O.; Gunji, S.; Halim, A.; Harvey, M.; Collado, T. Hassan; Hayashi, K.; Heller, M.; Cadena, S. Hernandez; Hervet, O.; Hinton, J.; Hiroshima, N.; Hnatyk, B.; Hnatyk, R.; Hoffmann, D.; Hofmann, W.; Holder, J.; Horan, D.; Horandel, J.; Horvath, P.; Hovatta, T.; Hrabovsky, M.; Hrupec, D.; Hughes, G.; Hutten, M.; Iarlori, M.; Inada, T.; Inoue, S.; Insolia, A.; Ionica, M.; Iori, M.; Jacquemont, M.; Jamrozy, M.; Janecek, P.; Jimenez Martinez, I; Jin, W.; Jung-Richardt, I; Jurysek, J.; Kaaret, P.; Karas, V; Karkar, S.; Kawanaka, N.; Kerszberg, D.; Khelifi, B.; Kissmann, R.; Knodlseder, J.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kohri, K.; Komin, N.; Kong, A.; Kosack, K.; Kubo, H.; La Palombara, N.; Lamanna, G.; Lang, R. G.; Lapington, J.; Laporte, P.; Lefaucheur, J.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J.; Leone, F.; Leto, G.; Leuschner, F.; Lindfors, E.; Lloyd, S.; Lohse, T.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; Lopez, A.; Lopez, M.; Lopez-Coto, R.; Loporchio, S.; Lucarelli, F.; Luque-Escamilla, P. L.; Lyard, E.; Maggio, C.; Majczyna, A.; Makariev, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Mandat, D.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Manico, G.; Marcowith, A.; Marculewicz, M.; Markoff, S.; Marquez, P.; Marti, J.; Martinez, O.; Martinez, M.; Martinez, G.; Martinez-Huerta, H.; Maurin, G.; Mazin, D.; Mbarubucyeye, J. D.; Miranda, D. Medina; Meyer, M.; Micanovic, S.; Miener, T.; Minev, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Mitchell, A.; Mizuno, T.; Mode, B.; Moderski, R.; Mohrmann, L.; Molina, E.; Montaruli, T.; Moralejo, A.; Morales Merino, J.; Morcuende-Parrilla, D.; Morselli, A.; Mukherjee, R.; Mundell, C.; Murach, T.; Muraishi, H.; Nagai, A.; Nakamori, T.; Nemmen, R.; Niemiec, J.; Nieto, D.; Nievas, M.; Nikolajuk, M.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nosek, D.; Nozaki, S.; Ohira, Y.; Ohishi, M.; Oka, T.; Ong, R. A.; Orienti, M.; Orito, R.; Orlandini, M.; Orlando, E.; Osborne, J. P.; Ostrowski, M.; Oya, I; Pagliaro, A.; Palatka, M.; Paneque, D.; Pantaleo, F. R.; Paredes, J. M.; Parmiggiani, N.; Patricelli, B.; Pavletic, L.; Pe'er, A.; Pech, M.; Pecimotika, M.; Peresano, M.; Persic, M.; Petruk, O.; Pfrang, K.; Piatteli, P.; Pietropaolo, E.; Pillera, R.; Pilszyk, B.; Pimentel, D.; Pintore, F.; Pita, S.; Pohl, M.; Poireau, V; Polo, M.; Prado, R. R.; Prast, J.; Principe, G.; Produit, N.; Prokoph, H.; Prouza, M.; Przybilski, H.; Pueschel, E.; Puehlhofer, G.; Pumo, M. L.; Punch, M.; Queiroz, F.; Quirrenbach, A.; Rando, R.; Razzaque, S.; Rebert, E.; Recchia, S.; Reichherzer, P.; Reimer, O.; Reimer, A.; Renier, Y.; Reposeur, T.; Rhode, W.; Ribeiro, D.; Ribo, M.; Richtler, T.; Rico, J.; Rieger, F.; Rizi, V; Rodriguez, J.; Fernandez, G. Rodriguez; Ramirez, J. C. Rodriguez; Rodriguez Vazquez, J. J.; Romano, P.; Romeo, G.; Roncadelli, M.; Rosado, J.; de Leon, A. Rosales; Rowell, G.; Rudak, B.; Rujopakarn, W.; Russo, F.; Sadeh, I; Saha, L.; Saito, T.; Greus, F. Salesa; Sanchez, D.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Sangiorgi, P.; Sano, H.; Santander, M.; Santos, E. M.; Sanuy, A.; Sarkar, S.; Saturni, F. G.; Sawangwit, U.; Scherer, A.; Schleicher, B.; Schovanek, P.; Schussler, F.; Schwanke, U.; Sciacca, E.; Scuderi, S.; Arroyo, M. Seglar; Sergijenko, O.; Servillat, M.; Seweryn, K.; Shalchi, A.; Sharma, P.; Shellard, R. C.; Siejkowski, H.; Sinha, A.; Sliusar, V; Slowikowska, A.; Sokolenko, A.; Sol, H.; Specovius, A.; Spencer, S.; Spiga, D.; Stamerra, A.; Starling, R.; Stolarczyk, T.; Straumann, U.; Striskovic, J.; Suda, Y.; Tagliaferri, G.; Takahashi, H.; Takahashi, M.; Tavecchio, F.; Taylor, L.; Tejedor, L. A.; Temnikov, P.; Terrier, R.; Terzic, T.; Testa, V; Tian, W.; Tibaldo, L.; Tonev, D.; Torres, D. F.; Torresi, E.; Tosti, L.; Tothill, N.; Tovmassian, G.; Travnicek, P.; Truzzi, S.; Tuossenel, F.; Umana, G.; Vacula, M.; Vagelli, V.; Valentino, M.; Vallage, B.; Vallania, P.; van Eldik, C.; Varner, G. S.; Vassiliev, V.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Vecchi, M.; Veh, J.; Vercellone, S.; Vergani, S.; Verguilov, V.; Vettolani, G. P.; Viana, A.; Vigorito, C. F.; Vitale, V.; Vorobiov, S.; Vovk, I; Vuillaume, T.; Wagner, S. J.; Walter, R.; Watson, J.; White, M.; White, R.; Wiemann, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Will, M.; Williams, D. A.; Wischnewski, R.; Wolter, A.; Yamazaki, R.; Yanagita, S.; Yang, L.; Yoshikoshi, T.; Zacharias, M.; Zaharijas, G.; Zaric, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zdziarski, A. A.; Zech, A.; Zechlin, H.; Zhdanov, V., I; Zivec, M., The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the new-generation ground-based observatory for γ astronomy, provides unique capabilities to address significant open questions in astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. We study some of the salient areas of γ cosmology that can be explored as part of the Key Science Projects of CTA, through simulated observations of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and of their relativistic jets. Observations of AGN with CTA will enable a measurement of γ absorption on the extragalactic background light with a statistical uncertainty below 15% up to a redshift z=2 and to constrain or detect γ halos up to intergalactic-magnetic-field strengths of at least 0.3 pG . Extragalactic observations with CTA also show promising potential to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. The best limits on Lorentz invariance violation from γ astronomy will be improved by a factor of at least two to three. CTA will also probe the parameter space in which axion-like particles could constitute a significant fraction, if not all, of dark matter. We conclude on the synergies between CTA and other upcoming facilities that will foster the growth of γ cosmology. © 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab., We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following agencies and organizations: State Committee of Science of Armenia, Armenia; The Australian Research Council, Astronomy Australia Ltd, The University of Adelaide, Australian National University, Monash University, The University of New South Wales, The University of Sydney, Western Sydney University, Australia; Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research, and Innsbruck University, Austria; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications (MCTIC), Brasil; Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018, Bulgaria; The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Space Agency, Canada; CONICYT-Chile grants CATA AFB 170002, ANID PIA/APOYO AFB 180002, ACT 1406, FONDECYT-Chile grants, 1161463, 1170171, 1190886, 1171421, 1170345, 1201582, Gemini-ANID 32180007, Chile; Croatian Science Foundation, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Osijek, University of Rijeka, University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Croa tia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, MEYS M2015046, LM2018105, LTT17006, EU/MEYS CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001403, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016007 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000754, Czech Republic; Academy of Finland (grant nr.317636 and 320045), Finland; Ministry of Higher Education and Research, CNRS-INSU and CNRS-IN2P3, CEA-Irfu, ANR, Regional Council Ile de France, Labex ENIGMASS, OCEVU, OSUG2020 and P2IO, France; Max Planck Society, BMBF, DESY, Helmholtz Association, Germany; Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Science and Technology, India; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), MIUR, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF-OABRERA) Grant Fondazione Cariplo/Regione Lombardia ID 2014-1980/RST_ERC, Italy; ICRR, University of Tokyo, JSPS, MEXT, Japan; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Netherlands; University of Oslo, Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, DIR/WK/2017/12, the National Centre for Research and Development and the National Science Centre, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00583, Poland; Slovenian Research Agency, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, I0-0033, J1-9146, J1-1700, N1-0111, and the Young Researcher program, Slovenia; South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation through the South African Gamma-Ray Astronomy Programme, South Africa; The Spanish groups acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Spanish Research State Agency (AEI) through grants AYA2016-79724-C4-1-P, AYA2016-80889-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, BES-2016-076342, FPA2017-82729-C6-1-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-3-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-4-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-6-R, PGC2018-095161-B-I00, PGC2018-095512-B-I00, PID2019-107988GB-C22; the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa” program through grants no. SEV-2016-0597, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2017-0709, CEX2019-000920-S; the “Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu” program through grant no. MDM-2015-0509; the “Ramón y Cajal” programme through grants RYC-2013-14511, RYC-2017-22665; and the MultiDark Consolider Network FPA2017-90566-REDC. They also acknowledge the Atracción de Talento contract no. 2016-T1/TIC-1542 granted by the Comunidad de Madrid; the “Postdoctoral Junior Leader Fellowship” programme from La Caixa Bank ing Foundation, grants no. LCF/BQ/LI18/11630014 and LCF/BQ/PI18/11630012; the “Programa Operativo” FEDER 2014-2020, Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento de la Junta de Andalucía (Ref. 1257737), PAIDI 2020 (Ref. P18-FR-1580) and Universidad de Jaén; “Programa Operativo de Crecimiento Inteligente” FEDER 2014-2020 (Ref. ESFRI-2017-IAC-12), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, 15% co-financed by Consejería de Economía, Industria, Comercio y Conocimiento del Gobierno de Canarias; the Spanish AEI EQC2018-005094-P FEDER 2014-2020; the European Union’s “Horizon 2020” research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 665919; and the ESCAPE project with grant no. GA:824064; Swedish Research Council, Royal Physiographic Society of Lund, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at Lunarc (Lund), Sweden; State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) and Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland; Durham University, Leverhulme Trust, Liverpool University, University of Leicester, University of Oxford, Royal Soci ety, Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, Barnard College, University of California, University of Chicago, Columbia University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics (INPAC-MRPI program), Iowa State University, the Smithsonian Institution, Washington University McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, The University of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, USA. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreements No 262053 and No 317446. This project is receiving funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under agreement No 676134. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement GammaRayCascades No 843800. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.

Published
2021
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31. Development of the new multi-beam receiver and telescope control system for NASCO

Author

Akio Taniguchi, Sho Masui, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Kousuke Urushihara, Takahiro Ohno, Takeru Nishioka, Toshikazu Onishi, Rin Yamada, Kengo Tachihara, Kakeru Fujishiro, Masahiro Suzuki, So Okuda, Kazuji Suzuki, Hideo Ogawa, Taisei Minami, Takeshi Okuda, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Yasumasa Yamasaki, Shun Saeki, Kazuki Okawa, Hidetoshi Sano, Mikito Kohno, Keisuke Sakasai, Hiroaki Iwamura, Takahiro Hayakawa, Takeru Matsumoto, T. Minamidani, Yasuo Fukui, Yutaka Hasegawa, Akira Mizuno, Hiroshi Kondo, Y. Yamane, Kaoru Nishikawa, Masako Koga, Yuichi Hori, Kazuhiro Kobayashi, Kazufumi Torii, Yusuke Hattori, Thoqin Pang, Kisetsu Tsuge, Mariko Sakamoto, Kazuki Shiotani, K. Noda, Chiharu Kato, Daiki Kurita, Kenta Matsunaga, Akio Ohama, Satoshi Yoshiike, Shohei Maruyama, T. Inaba, Kouki Satani, Yudai Matsue, Takashi Kondo, Atsushi Nishimura, Shota Ueda, Kimihiro Kimura, Yasunori Fujii, Daichi Tsutsumi, Yumi Fujii, Shinji Fujita, and R. Enokiya

Subjects
Spectrometer, business.industry, Computer science, Bandwidth (signal processing), law.invention, Data cube, Radio telescope, Telescope, Optics, Filter (video), law, Control system, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

We report the current status of the NASCO (NAnten2 Super CO survey as legacy) project which aims to provide all-sky CO data cube of southern hemisphere using the NANTEN2 4-m submillimeter telescope installed at the Atacama Desert through developing a new multi-beam receiver and a new telescope control system. The receiver consists of 5 beams. The four beams, located at the four corners of a square with the beam separation of 720′′, are installed with a 100 GHz band SIS receiver having 2-polarization sideband-separation filter. The other beam, located at the optical axis, is installed with a 200 GHz band SIS receiver having 2-polarization sideband-separation filter. The cooled component is modularized for each beam, and cooled mirrors are used. The IF bandwidths are 8 and 4 GHz for 100 and 200 GHz bands, respectively. Using XFFTS spectrometers with a bandwidth of 2 GHz, the lines of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O of J=1−0 or J=2−1 can be observed simultaneously for each beam. The control system is reconstructed on the ROS architecture, which is an open source framework for robot control, to enable a flexible observation mode and to handle a large amount of data. The framework is commonly used and maintained in a robotic field, and thereby reliability, flexibility, expandability, and efficiency in development are improved as compared with the system previously used. The receiver and control system are installed on the NANTEN2 telescope in December 2019, and its commissioning and science verification are on-going. We are planning to start science operation in early 2021.

Published
2020
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32. Coulomb screening correction to the Q value of the triple-alpha process in thermal plasmas

Author

W. Horiuchi, K. Noda, H. Moriya, Lai Hnin Phyu, Kei Iida, Marcelo Takeshi Yamashita, Hokkaido University, Kochi University, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

Subjects
Nuclear reaction, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Yukawa potential, General Physics and Astronomy, Alpha particle, 01 natural sciences, Triple-alpha process, symbols.namesake, Variational method, Quantum electrodynamics, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Coulomb, 010306 general physics, Wave function, Debye length
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:37:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-09-01 The triple-alpha reaction is key to 12C production and is expected to occur in weakly coupled thermal plasmas as encountered in normal stars.We investigate how Coulomb screening affects the structure of a system of three alpha particles in such a plasma environment by precise threebody calculations within the Debye-Hückel approximation. A three-alpha model that has the Coulomb interaction modified in theYukawa form is employed. Precise three-body wave functions are obtained by a superposition of correlated Gaussian basis with the aid of the stochastic variational method. The energy shifts of the Hoyle state due to the Coulomb screening are obtained as a function of the Debye screening length. The results, which automatically incorporate the finite-size effect of the Hoyle state, are consistent with the conventional result based on the Coulomb correction to the chemical potentials of ions that are regarded as point charges in a weakly coupled thermal plasma. We have given a theoretical basis to the conventional pointcharge approach to the Coulomb screening problem relevant for nuclear reactions in normal stars by providing the first evaluation of the Coulomb corrections to the Q value of the triple-alpha process that produces a finite-size Hoyle state. Department of Physics Hokkaido University Department of Mathematics and Physics Kochi University Instituto de Física Teórica Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Rua Dr. Bento Teobaldo Ferraz, 271 -Bloco II Instituto de Física Teórica Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Rua Dr. Bento Teobaldo Ferraz, 271 -Bloco II

Published
2020
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34. Characteristic distribution of microaneurysms and capillary dropouts in diabetic macular edema

Author

K. Noda, Masaru Inatani, Yutaka Yamada, Takehiro Matsumura, Yoshihiro Takamura, Yuki Hashimoto, Masakazu Morioka, and Makoto Gozawa

Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Fundus Oculi, Diabetic macular edema, Visual Acuity, Macular Edema, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Characteristic distribution, Optical coherence tomography, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, White area, Fluorescein Angiography, Retrospective Studies, Microaneurysm, Diabetic Retinopathy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, fungi, Retinal Vessels, Retinal, Middle Aged, Fluorescein angiography, Circumference, eye diseases, Sensory Systems, Capillaries, Cross-Sectional Studies, chemistry, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Female, business, Tomography, Optical Coherence
Abstract

To investigate the distribution pattern of microaneurysms (MAs) and capillary dropouts (CDOs) related to retinal thickness in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). We designed a cross-sectional observational study in which we manually merged fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) map and located MAs and CDOs areas. The density of MAs, the width and the length of circumference of CDOs, and the number of MAs adjacent to CDOs were compared between highly thickened (white area (WA) in OCT map) and border areas (red area (RA)). We examined 115 eyes of 115 patients with DME. The density of MAs in RA (1.086 ± 0.616) was significantly higher than that in WA (0.8601 ± 1.086) (p = 0.002). The MA rates adjacent to CDOs in WA and RA were 79.1% and 80.7%, respectively. In the RA, the size of CDO adjacent to MAs was smaller (p = 0.013), but its circumference was longer (p = 0.018), and the number of MAs adjacent to CDOs was larger than those in WA (p = 0.002). The total length of circumference of CDOs was significantly correlated with the number of MAs adjacent to CDOs in WA (p = 0.011, R2 = 0.68) and RA (p = 0.008, R2 = 0.81). Smaller but more CDOs with longer circumference adjacent to MAs contribute to the higher density of MAs in the surrounding areas of DME.

Published
2020

35. Secondary electron emission measurement from Cr and Cu bombarded by an Ne10+ beam at 6 MeV/n

Author

T Shirai, K. Noda, Yoshinori Hashimoto, A Higashi, and D. Ohsawa

Subjects
Physics, Secondary emission, General Physics and Astronomy, Atomic physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Backward secondary-electron-emission yield ($\delta$) from plates of 0.1 mm-thick Cu and 1 mm Cr and Al have been measured by irradiation of a fully stripped Ne$^{10+}$ beam at 6 MeV/$n$ stopped within each plate. A difference between $\delta$s from Cr and Cu larger than the ambiguity of this measurement ($\pm$3%) has been observed, with the discrepancy of the predicted small difference by kinetic emission based on stopping power and work function of each metal. The measured $\delta$ from Cr is larger than that from Cu, and also than previous measurements of other transition metals of the 3$d$ series, not only for the process of potential emission but also for kinetic. The conduction-electron density of states around the Fermi level calculated for the metals shows that the number of electrons just below the Fermi level and excited over it to an empty level by many kinds of reaction with the beam irradiation has to be considered. The number involved in this emission from Cr thus seems to be much larger than from Cu, which explains the relation of magnitudes for $\delta$. The measured $\delta$ from Al is larger than previous results, but is still consistent due to the existence of Al$_2$O$_3$ on the Al.

Published
2020
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36. Author Correction: Proton acceleration in thermonuclear nova explosions revealed by gamma rays

Author

V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, M. Artero, K. Asano, D. Baack, A. Babić, A. Baquero, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, I. Batković, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, L. Bellizzi, E. Bernardini, M. Bernardos, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, H. Bökenkamp, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, M. Cerruti, Y. Chai, A. Chilingarian, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, G. D’Amico, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, A. Del Popolo, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, D. Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, L. Fariña Alonso, A. Fattorini, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, S. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, P. Gliwny, N. Godinović, J. G. Green, D. Green, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, L. Heckmann, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, M. Hütten, T. Inada, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, I. Jiménez Martínez, J. Jormanainen, L. Jouvin, D. Kerszberg, Y. Kobayashi, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, L. Linhoff, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, R. López-Coto, M. López-Moya, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, A. Mas Aguilar, D. Mazin, S. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, D. Miceli, T. Miener, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, T. Nakamori, L. Nava, V. Neustroev, M. Nievas Rosillo, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, S. Nozaki, Y. Ohtani, T. Oka, J. Otero-Santos, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, L. Pavletić, P. Peñil, M. Persic, M. Pihet, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, C. Priyadarshi, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, F. G. Saturni, B. Schleicher, K. Schmidt, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Šnidarić, D. Sobczynska, A. Spolon, A. Stamerra, J. Strišković, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, M. Takahashi, R. Takeishi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, L. Tosti, S. Truzzi, A. Tutone, S. Ubach, J. van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, S. Ventura, V. Verguilov, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, M. Will, C. Wunderlich, T. Yamamoto, D. Zarić, F. Ambrosino, M. Cecconi, G. Catanzaro, C. Ferrara, A. Frasca, M. Munari, L. Giustolisi, J. Alonso-Santiago, M. Giarrusso, U. Munari, and P. Valisa

Subjects
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2022
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41. Performance of the HIMAC beam control system using multiple-energy synchrotron operation

Author

Yuichi Saraya, Yousuke Hara, Naoya Saotome, T. Fujimoto, Ryohei Tansho, S. Sato, K. Noda, Yoshiyuki Iwata, Toshiyuki Shirai, Takuji Furukawa, and Kota Mizushima

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, business.industry, Physics::Medical Physics, Radiochemistry, Heavy Ion Radiotherapy, Synchrotron, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, Intensity (physics), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, law, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Control system, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing), Beam control, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Multiple-energy synchrotron operation was developed to realize fast 3D scanning irradiation for carbon-ion radiotherapy. This type of operation can output various carbon-ion beams with different energies in a single synchrotron cycle. The beam control system used in this kind of operation was developed to quickly provide the beam energy and intensity required from the irradiation control system. The performance of the system was verified by experimental tests. The system could output beams of 197 different energies in 63 s. The beam intensity could be controlled for all the output beams without large ripples or overshooting. The experimental test of irradiation for prostate cancer treatment was also successfully performed, and the test results proved that our system can greatly reduce the irradiation time.

Published
2017
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42. Design and performance of daily quality assurance system for carbon ion therapy at NIRS

Author

Takuji Furukawa, Yousuke Hara, Ryohei Tansho, K. Noda, Kota Mizushima, Toshiyuki Shirai, Yuichi Saraya, and Naoya Saotome

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, medicine.medical_specialty, Particle therapy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Computer science, medicine.medical_treatment, System of measurement, Isocenter, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 0103 physical sciences, Carbon ion therapy, Ionization chamber, Calibration, medicine, Medical physics, business, Instrumentation, Quality assurance, Simulation
Abstract

At National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), we have been commissioning a rotating-gantry system for carbon-ion radiotherapy. This rotating gantry can transport heavy ions at 430 MeV/u to an isocenter with irradiation angles of ±180° that can rotate around the patient so that the tumor can be irradiated from any direction. A three-dimensional pencil-beam scanning irradiation system equipped with the rotating gantry enables the optimal use of physical characteristics of carbon ions to provide accurate treatment. To ensure the treatment quality using such a complex system, the calibration of the primary dose monitor, output check, range check, dose rate check, machine safety check, and some mechanical tests should be performed efficiently. For this purpose, we have developed a measurement system dedicated for quality assurance (QA) of this gantry system: the Daily QA system. The system consists of an ionization chamber system and a scintillator system. The ionization chamber system is used for the calibration of the primary dose monitor, output check, and dose rate check, and the scintillator system is used for the range check, isocenter, and gantry angle. The performance of the Daily QA system was verified by a beam test. The stability of the output was within 0.5%, and the range was within 0.5 mm. The coincidence of the coordinates between the patient-positioning system and the irradiation system was verified using the Daily QA system. Our present findings verified that the new Daily QA system for a rotating gantry is capable of verifying the irradiation system with sufficient accuracy.

Published
2017
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43. Development of NIRS pencil beam scanning system for carbon ion radiotherapy

Author

Yousuke Hara, Toshiyuki Shirai, Ryohei Tansho, Yoshiyuki Iwata, Taku Inaniwa, K. Noda, Yuichi Saraya, Kota Mizushima, S. Mori, Naoya Saotome, and Takuji Furukawa

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, medicine.medical_specialty, Materials science, Particle therapy, Ion beam, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Carbon ion beam, Fast scanning, Cancer therapy, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, Carbon Ion Radiotherapy, Medical physics, Irradiation, business, Pencil-beam scanning, Instrumentation
Abstract

At Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) in National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), more than 9000 patients have been successfully treated by carbon ion beams since 1994. The successful results of treatments have led us to construct a new treatment facility equipped with a three-dimensional pencil beam scanning irradiation system, which is one of sophisticated techniques for cancer therapy with high energetic ion beam. This new facility comprises two treatment rooms having fixed beam lines and one treatment room having rotating gantry line. The challenge of this project is to realize treatment of a moving target by scanning irradiation. Thus, to realize this, the development of the fast scanning system is one of the most important issues in this project. After intense commissioning and quality assurance tests, the treatment with scanned ion beam was started in May 2011. After treatment of static target starts, we have developed related technologies. As a result, we can start treatment of moving target and treatment without range shifter plates since 2015. In this paper, the developments of the scanning irradiation system are described.

Published
2017
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44. Approach to increase beam intensity extracted from a cyclotron

Author

Akira Noda, V. Smirnov, M. Nakao, S. Vorozhtsov, Nobuyuki Miyahara, K. Noda, T. Wakui, Ken Katagiri, Akinori Sugiura, Akira Goto, and Satoru Hojo

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Beam diameter, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Chemistry, business.industry, Cyclotron, Analytical chemistry, Phase (waves), 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Harmonic, Physics::Accelerator Physics, M squared, Laser beam quality, business, Instrumentation, Intensity (heat transfer), Beam (structure)
Abstract

To increase the beam intensity of cyclotrons used for producing radionuclides, beam loss during extraction must be reduced. Extraction efficiency is limited by the beam parameters in front of the deflector, especially angular distribution. Computer simulation of the second harmonic mode for 18 MeV protons, which is frequently used, has been carried out to understand beam behavior in a cyclotron. The extraction efficiency is determined by the width of the angular distribution of particles in the phase space plot at the deflector. An effective method to reduce the width is to shorten the bunch at injection. The simulation shows that the bunch phase length at injection must be ⩽30° to realize a 30 μA extraction beam current and satisfy the deflector heat limit of 200 W.

Published
2017
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45. Recent progress of a superconducting rotating-gantry for carbon-ion radiotherapy

Author

Takashi Fujita, Ryohei Tansho, Yousuke Hara, Takuji Furukawa, S. Matsuba, Tsutomu Fujimoto, Naoya Saotome, S. Sato, K. Noda, Yuichi Saraya, Yoshiyuki Iwata, Kota Mizushima, and Toshiyuki Shirai

Subjects
Superconductivity, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Physics::Medical Physics, Isocenter, Superconducting magnet, 01 natural sciences, Synchrotron, law.invention, Ion, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Carbon Ion Radiotherapy, Irradiation, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract

A superconducting rotating-gantry for carbon-ion radiotherapy was developed. This isocentric rotating gantry can transport carbon ions having the maximum kinetic energy of E = 430 MeV/ u to an isocenter with irradiation angles of over ±180°, and is further capable of performing three-dimensional raster-scanning irradiation. By using combined-function superconducting magnets, we could design a compact rotating gantry for carbon-ion radiotherapy. Construction of the gantry structure began since early 2014, and the installation of the entire gantry system to the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) complex was completed by the end of September, 2015. Beam tuning subsequently began since October, 2015, and carbon ions, as accelerated by the HIMAC upper synchrotron, having kinetic energies of between E = 430–48 MeV/ u were successfully transported with the rotating gantry to the isocenter. The size and shape of the beam spots at the isocenter is being tuned over various combinations of the beam energies and the gantry angle. We will present the recent progress as well as the current status of the superconducting rotating-gantry.

Published
2017
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46. Recent progress and future plans of heavy-ion cancer radiotherapy with HIMAC

Author

Takuji Furukawa, Toshiyuki Shirai, Yoshiyuki Iwata, Ken Katagiri, M. Takada, S. Sato, Yousuke Hara, Yuka Takei, K. Noda, Taku Inaniwa, Nobuyuki Kanematsu, T. Fujimoto, Kota Mizushima, Yuichi Saraya, S. Mori, R. Tansyo, Shunsuke Yonai, and Naoya Saotome

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, medicine.medical_specialty, Computer science, Treatment research, Heavy Ion Radiotherapy, Synchrotron, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, Clinical study, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer Radiotherapy, Design study, medicine, Medical physics, Heavy ion, Instrumentation
Abstract

The HIMAC clinical study has been conducted with a carbon-ion beam since June 1994. Since 2006, as a new treatment research project, NIRS has developed both the accelerator and beam-delivery technologies for the sophisticated heavy-ion radiotherapy, which brings a pencil-beam 3D rescanning technology for both the static and moving-tumor treatments. In this technology, the depth-scanning technique was improved to the full-energy depth scanning by realizing a variable-energy operation of the HIMAC synchrotron itself. At present, a heavy-ion rotating gantry has been developed with the superconducting technology and is in a beam-commissioning stage. As a future plan, we just start a study of a multi-ions irradiation for more sophisticated LET-painting and a design study of a superconducting synchrotron for more compact heavy-ion radiotherapy facility.

Published
2017

47. New Hard-TeV Extreme Blazars Detected with the MAGIC Telescopes*

Author

D. Fidalgo, K. Nishijima, R. Mirzoyan, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, P. Majumdar, P. Temnikov, L. Bellizzi, H. Kubo, M. Vazquez Acosta, M. I. Martínez, B. De Lotto, D. Dominis Prester, S. Paiano, I. Šnidarić, C. Nigro, Y. Iwamura, A. Carosi, Stefano Covino, M. Makariev, Alice Donini, A. Rugliancich, P. Munar-Adrover, G. Vanzo, Satoshi Fukami, John Hoang, Massimo Persic, J. Becerra González, Kazuma Ishio, T. Saito, S. Ansoldi, M. Palatiello, V. Fallah Ramazani, Jordi Delgado, C. Maggio, M. Delfino, S. Gasparyan, Elisa Prandini, Francesco Dazzi, Saverio Lombardi, A. Lamastra, Saša Mićanović, A. Berti, V. Vitale, J. Kushida, Kari Nilsson, Dario Hrupec, D. Lelas, A. Arbet Engels, M. Mallamaci, L. Maraschi, Elisa Bernardini, Fabrizio Tavecchio, P. Peñil, Vitaly Neustroev, Elina Lindfors, Ll. Font, M. Peresano, K. Noda, U. Colin, N. Godinović, Mitsunari Takahashi, E. Molina, David Paneque, A. Biland, W. Bednarek, W. Bhattacharyya, A. Fattorini, Ž. Bošnjak, M. Will, Anne M. Lohfink, A. Somero, Luca Tosti, Antonio Stamerra, P. Da Vela, C. Fruck, F. D'Ammando, D. Guberman, Katsuaki Asano, K. Mannheim, R. Carosi, M. Minev, Francesco Longo, Jose Luis Contreras, M. Teshima, A. Hahn, R. J. García López, G. Maneva, L. Nogués, Susumu Inoue, I. Puljak, M. V. Fonseca, Abelardo Moralejo, Nicola Giglietto, J. van Scherpenberg, Juan Cortina, Ferdinando Giordano, Kevin Schmidt, E. Moretti, D. Miceli, U. Barres de Almeida, Victoria Moreno, Valerio Vagelli, B. Banerjee, Shunsuke Sakurai, A. Babić, F. Di Pierro, D. Hadasch, M. Ribó, Oscar Blanch, T. Schweizer, Serena Loporchio, Marina Manganaro, A. De Angelis, A. Chilingaryan, Dominik Baack, M. Strzys, S. Cikota, Daniel Kerszberg, P. G. Prada Moroni, Chiara Righi, V. D'Elia, Wolfgang Rhode, G. Ceribella, M. López, Konstancja Satalecka, D. Mazin, Michele Doro, C. Arcaro, G. Busetto, Ciro Bigongiari, D. Zarić, Matteo Cerruti, R. López-Coto, Tomohiro Inada, J. Herrera, Léa Jouvin, F. Leone, Julian Sitarek, G. Ferrara, D. Dorner, Louis Antonelli, E. Colombo, D. Morcuende, N. Torres-Albà, M. Garczarczyk, I. Vovk, Dorota Sobczyńska, Victor A. Acciari, Y. Chai, Moritz Hütten, D. Strom, J. Rico, R. Paoletti, J. Besenrieder, David H. Green, T. Surić, M. Gaug, L. Di Venere, G. Bonnoli, D. Elsaesser, D. Ninci, Jose Miguel Miranda, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, S. M. Colak, Juan Abel Barrio, Narek Sahakyan, A. López-Oramas, Yusuke Suda, Carlo Vigorito, L. Saha, J. M. Paredes, Francesco Tombesi, Seiya Nozaki, Davide Depaoli, L. Foffano, M. Mariotti, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MAGIC, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. A., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., De Almeida, U. B., Barrio, J. A., Gonzalez, J. B., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingaryan, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Vela, P. D., Dazzi, F., Angelis, A. D., Lotto, B. D., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Pierro, F. D., Venere, L. D., Souto Espieira, E. D., Prester, D. D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. F., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Lopez, R. J. G., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., De Oliveira Fraga, B. M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nozaki, S., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. P., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alb, N., Tosti, L., Vagelli, V., Scherpenberg, J. V., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zaric, D., Arcaro, C., Carosi, A., D'Ammando, F., Tombesi, F., Lohfink, A., 30588766 - Arcaro, Cornelia, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), German Research Foundation, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Department of Atomic Energy (India), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Academy of Finland, Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, and European Commission

Subjects
Non-thermal radiation sources, VHE [gamma ray], Non-thermal radiation source, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Relativistic jet, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, model: leptonic, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, astro-ph.HE, education.field_of_study, Gamma ray, gamma ray: emission, quality, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, BL Lacertae objects, Física nuclear, Catalog, Astrophysics and Astronomy, astro-ph.GA, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, energy spectrum, FOS: Physical sciences, Proton Synchrotron, magnetization, BL Lacertae object, leptonic [model], blazar, X-ray, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, emission [gamma ray], 0103 physical sciences, synchrotron, education, Blazar, Active galactic nuclei, Gamma-ray sources, X-ray active galactic nuclei, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Catalogues, proton synchrotron, MAGIC, Synchrotron emission, Blazars, Relativistic jets, Catalogs, Automatic Keywords, gamma ray: VHE, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), ddc:520, spectral, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Extreme high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (EHBLs) are blazars that exhibit extremely energetic synchrotron emission. They also feature nonthermal gamma-ray emission whose peak lies in the very high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) range, and in some sources exceeds 1 TeV: this is the case for hard-TeV EHBLs such as 1ES 0229+200. With the aim of increasing the EHBL population, 10 targets were observed with the MAGIC telescopes from 2010 to 2017, for a total of 265 hr of good-quality data. The data were complemented by coordinated Swift observations. The X-ray data analysis confirms that all but two sources are EHBLs. The sources show only a modest variability and a harder-when-brighter behavior, typical for this class of objects. At VHE gamma-rays, three new sources were detected and a hint of a signal was found for another new source. In each case, the intrinsic spectrum is compatible with the hypothesis of a hard-TeV nature of these EHBLs. The broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of all sources are built and modeled in the framework of a single-zone, purely leptonic model. The VHE gamma-ray-detected sources were also interpreted with a spine-layer model and a proton synchrotron model. The three models provide a good description of the SEDs. However, the resulting parameters differ substantially in the three scenarios, in particular the magnetization parameter. This work presents the first mini catalog of VHE gamma-ray and multiwavelength observations of EHBLs., We would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA 2015-68378-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6- 4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016- 76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-RE DC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy, the Japanese JSPS and MEXT, the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018, and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382, and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. E.P. has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska–Curie grant agreement No. 664931. M.C. has received financial support through the Postdoctoral Junior Leader Fellowship Programme from la Caixa Banking Foundation, grant No. LCF/BQ/LI18/11630012.

Published
2020
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48. Cytoprotective Effect of Astaxanthin in a Model of Normal Intraocular Pressure Glaucoma

Author

Atsuhiro Kanda, Kasumi Kikuchi, Susumu Ishida, Miyuki Murata, Zhenyu Dong, K. Noda, Takayuki Harada, and Yasuhiro Shinmei

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Intraocular pressure, genetic structures, Article Subject, H&E stain, Glaucoma, medicine.disease_cause, Retinal ganglion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, medicine, Retina, business.industry, Glutamate receptor, Retinal, RE1-994, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Ophthalmology, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, sense organs, business, Oxidative stress
Abstract

Glaucoma is characterized by axonal degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and apoptotic death of their cell bodies. Lowering intraocular pressure is currently the only way to treat glaucoma, but it is often insufficient to inhibit the progression of the disease. Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease, and the involvement of oxidative stress has recently received much attention. In the present study, we investigated the cytoprotective effect of astaxanthin (AST) on RGC degeneration using a normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) mouse model, which lacks the glutamate/aspartate transporter (Glast) and demonstrates spontaneous RGC and optic nerve degeneration without elevated intraocular pressure. Three-week-old Glast± mice were given intraperitoneal injections of AST at 10, 30, or 60 mg/kg/day or vehicle alone, and littermate control mice were given vehicle alone for 14 days, respectively. Five weeks after birth, the number of RGCs was counted in paraffin sections of retinal tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin. We also used a retrograde labeling technique to quantify the number of RGCs. Additionally, the phosphorylated (p) IκB/total IκB ratio and the 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) were measured in retinal tissues. The number of RGCs in Glast± mice was significantly decreased compared with that in control mice. RGC loss was suppressed by the administration of AST at 60 mg/kg/day, compared with vehicle alone. Following AST administration, the concentration of 4-HNE in the retina was also suppressed, but the pIκB/IκB ratio did not change. Our study revealed that the antioxidative stress effects of AST inhibit RGC degeneration in the retina and may be useful in the treatment of NTG.

Published
2020
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49. Structural displacement compensation of a gigantic manipulator via deep learning

Author

N. Takeda, T. Maruyama, S. Tolsma, M. Edaya, K. Noda, S. Ogawa, and N. Jaklin

Subjects
business.industry, Deep learning, Blanket, Virtual reality, Robot end effector, Displacement (vector), law.invention, Compensation (engineering), law, System integration, Artificial intelligence, Manipulator, business, Simulation
Abstract

Structures of robotic systems that handle extremely heavy loads undergo static displacement. The ITER blanket remote handling system, which handles 4-ton objects, has displacements of up to 100 mm at the end effector. We propose a novel method that combines deep learning with a physics-based virtual reality system to compensate for displacement. Our deep learning model was trained by using data obtained from both the virtual reality system and physical measurement data of end effector positions. By using a prototype of the ITER blanket remote handling system, we experimentally show that our method successfully reduces the displacement at the end effector to a maximum error of 5.7 mm and a median error of 1.2 mm. We conclude that our approach provides an effective contribution to ensuring the feasibility and safety of the remote maintenance procedures that are to be performed within the ITER project.

Published
2020
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50. Testing two-component models on very high-energy gamma-ray-emitting BL Lac objects

Author

Razmik Mirzoyan, D. Ninci, Susumu Inoue, Dorota Sobczyńska, V. Verguilov, Chiara Righi, J. van Scherpenberg, I. Šnidarić, John Hoang, Y. Chai, Stefano Covino, A. Babić, F. Di Pierro, D. Strom, Jose Luis Contreras, Petar Temnikov, Elisa Bernardini, C. Arcaro, Y. Iwamura, Ž. Bošnjak, Juan Cortina, Andrei Berdyugin, Bernd Schleicher, L. Jouvin, M. Makariev, Massimo Persic, P. Peñil, Markus Garczarczyk, Antonio Stamerra, J. Becerra González, F. de Palma, A. Arbet Engels, F. Leone, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, L. Nogués, Juan Abel Barrio, Sebastian Kiehlmann, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, S. Ansoldi, J. Rico, Anthony C. S. Readhead, M. Palatiello, H. Kubo, M. Karjalainen, Vitaly Neustroev, Laura Maraschi, Pawel Gliwny, Tomohiro Inada, N. Godinović, Giacomo Bonnoli, L. Bellizzi, Narek Sahakyan, M. Vazquez Acosta, Nicola Giglietto, P. G. Prada Moroni, K. Mannheim, M. Takahashi, Luca Tosti, S. Loporchio, D. Dominis Prester, Miguel Nievas-rosillo, Francesco Giordano, U. Barres de Almeida, C. Nigro, Valerio D'Elia, J. Otero-Santos, M. I. Martínez, Francesco Dazzi, Simone Mender, Alessia Spolon, G. Maneva, D. Hadasch, Elina Lindfors, Konstancja Satalecka, Luca Foffano, R. J. García López, Jenni Jormanainen, Michele Doro, A. Hahn, Takeshi Oka, Rumen Bachev, Kyoshi Nishijima, Daniel Mazin, A. Berti, A. Donini, B. Banerjee, T. Schweizer, Kari Nilsson, K. Noda, Armin Nabizadeh, G. Busetto, Shunsuke Sakurai, Daniel Kerszberg, M. Will, S. Gasparyan, A. Lamastra, M. Delfino, P. Munar-Adrover, A. López-Oramas, V. Fallah Ramazani, Carlo Vigorito, L. Saha, M. Mariotti, Walter Max-Moerbeck, N. Torres-Albà, Sarah M. Wagner, David Paneque, A. Biland, F. D' Ammando, Anton Strigachev, J. Besenrieder, M. Hütten, I. Vovk, C. Maggio, Arto Oksanen, L. Pavletić, D. Elsaesser, Matteo Cerruti, S. Fukami, Christian Fruck, U. Colin, David A. Green, D. Lelas, Kazuma Ishio, V. A. Acciari, W. Bhattacharyya, Yosuke Kobayashi, A. Fattorini, R. Reinthal, D. Zarić, Seiya Nozaki, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, Y. Kajiwara, Julian Sitarek, A. De Angelis, D. Miceli, M. V. Fonseca, W. Rhode, Francesco Longo, S. Lombardi, B. De Lotto, Roberto Carosi, Elisa Prandini, Sofia Ventura, D. Morcuende, N. Talebpour Sheshvan, W. Bednarek, Saša Mićanović, M. Minev, Riccardo Paoletti, M. Teshima, S. M. Colak, Markus Gaug, M. Peresano, Yoshiki Ohtani, Jordi Delgado, J. Kushida, P. Kehusmaa, Oscar Blanch, Ashot Chilingarian, D. Dorner, L. A. Antonelli, L. O. Takalo, V. Moreno, Giacomo D'Amico, S. Cikota, Kevin Schmidt, Y. Suda, Talvikki Hovatta, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Rodrigo Reeves, Eduardo Colombo, Ll. Font, M. Hodges, G. Ferrara, Dario Hrupec, M. A. Lopez, G. Ceribella, J. M. Paredes, Ciro Bigongiari, M. Mallamaci, R. López-Coto, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, D. Depaoli, Edgar Molina, G. Vanzo, T. Saito, P. Majumdar, Jose Carlos Herrera, F. Wierda, M. Strzys, L. Di Venere, Vincenzo Vitale, Dominik Baack, Jose Miguel Miranda, Tjark Miener, T. Surić, P. Da Vela, M. Ribó, I. Puljak, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, A., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espineira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., MacHado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Mender, S., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletic, L., Penil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tosti, L., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zaric, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., Arcaro, C., D' Ammando, F., De Palma, F., Hodges, M., Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R., Takalo, L., Reinthal, R., Jormanainen, J., Wierda, F., Wagner, S. M., Berdyugin, A., Nabizadeh, A., Talebpour Sheshvan, N., Oksanen, A., Bachev, R., Strigachev, A., Kehusmaa, P., 30588766 - Arcaro, Cornelia, Academy of Finland, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Swiss National Science Foundation, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
galaxies [Gamma rays], Astronomical databases: miscellaneous, BL Lacertae objects: general, Galaxies: Active, Galaxies: jets, Gamma rays: galaxies, Radiation mechanisms: non-Thermal, SHEATH POLARIZATION STRUCTURES, Astrophysics, Parameter space, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, astronomical databases: miscellaneous, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, gamma rays: galaxies, 01 natural sciences, jet [Galaxies], non-Thermal [Radiation mechanisms], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, LACERTAE OBJECTS, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, TEV BLAZARS, CROSS-CORRELATIONS, galaxie [Gamma rays], 1ES 1959+650, Gamma ray, Active [Galaxies], miscellaneous [Astronomical databases], Spectral energy distribution, Física nuclear, RELATIVISTIC JETS, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, 0103 physical sciences, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Blazar, MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, general [BL Lacertae objects], ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, Space and Planetary Science, X-RAY, ddc:520, jets [Galaxies], miscellaneou [Astronomical databases], COMPLETE SAMPLE, Free parameter
Abstract

MAGIC Collaboration: et al., [Context]: It has become evident that one-zone synchrotron self-Compton models are not always adequate for very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray-emitting blazars. While two-component models perform better, they are difficult to constrain due to the large number of free parameters., [Aims]: In this work, we make a first attempt at taking into account the observational constraints from very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) data, long-term light curves (radio, optical, and X-rays), and optical polarisation to limit the parameter space for a two-component model and test whether or not it can still reproduce the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) of the blazars., [Methods]: We selected five TeV BL Lac objects based on the availability of VHE gamma-ray and optical polarisation data. We collected constraints for the jet parameters from VLBI observations. We evaluated the contributions of the two components to the optical flux by means of decomposition of long-term radio and optical light curves as well as modelling of the optical polarisation variability of the objects. We selected eight epochs for these five objects based on the variability observed at VHE gamma rays, for which we constructed the SEDs that we then modelled with a two-component model., [Results]: We found parameter sets which can reproduce the broadband SED of the sources in the framework of two-component models considering all available observational constraints from VLBI observations. Moreover, the constraints obtained from the long-term behaviour of the sources in the lower energy bands could be used to determine the region where the emission in each band originates. Finally, we attempt to use optical polarisation data to shed new light on the behaviour of the two components in the optical band. Our observationally constrained two-component model allows explanation of the entire SED from radio to VHE with two co-located emission regions., VFR and EL were supported by Academy of Finland projects 317636 and 320045. We would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG; the Italian INFN and INAF; the Swiss National Fund SNF; the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2017-87859-P, FPA2017-85668-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-6-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2017-87055-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-REDC); the Indian Department of Atomic Energy; the Japanese ICRR, the University of Tokyo, JSPS, and MEXT; the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-268/16.12.2019 and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and SEV2015-0548, the Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369 and the “la Caixa” Foundation (fellowship LCF/BQ/PI18/11630012), by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ.

Published
2020
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