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1. Systematic analysis of naturally occurring insertions and deletions that alter transcription factor spacing identifies tolerant and sensitive transcription factor pairs

Author: Zeyang Shen, Rick Z Li, Thomas A Prohaska, Marten A Hoeksema, Nathan J Spann, Jenhan Tao, Gregory J Fonseca, Thomas Le, Lindsey K Stolze, Mashito Sakai, Casey E Romanoski, and Christopher K Glass
Subjects: gene regulation, genetic variation, transcription factors, macrophages, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Regulation of gene expression requires the combinatorial binding of sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) at promoters and enhancers. Prior studies showed that alterations in the spacing between TF binding sites can influence promoter and enhancer activity. However, the relative importance of TF spacing alterations resulting from naturally occurring insertions and deletions (InDels) has not been systematically analyzed. To address this question, we first characterized the genome-wide spacing relationships of 73 TFs in human K562 cells as determined by ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing). We found a dominant pattern of a relaxed range of spacing between collaborative factors, including 45 TFs exclusively exhibiting relaxed spacing with their binding partners. Next, we exploited millions of InDels provided by genetically diverse mouse strains and human individuals to investigate the effects of altered spacing on TF binding and local histone acetylation. These analyses suggested that spacing alterations resulting from naturally occurring InDels are generally tolerated in comparison to genetic variants directly affecting TF binding sites. To experimentally validate this prediction, we introduced synthetic spacing alterations between PU.1 and C/EBPβ binding sites at six endogenous genomic loci in a macrophage cell line. Remarkably, collaborative binding of PU.1 and C/EBPβ at these locations tolerated changes in spacing ranging from 5 bp increase to >30 bp decrease. Collectively, these findings have implications for understanding mechanisms underlying enhancer selection and for the interpretation of non-coding genetic variation.
Published: 2022
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2. Breast tumor stiffness instructs bone metastasis via maintenance of mechanical conditioning

Author: Adam W. Watson, Adam D. Grant, Sara S. Parker, Samantha Hill, Michael B. Whalen, Jayati Chakrabarti, Michael W. Harman, Mackenzie R. Roman, Brittany L. Forte, Cody C. Gowan, Raúl Castro-Portuguez, Lindsey K. Stolze, Christian Franck, Darren A. Cusanovich, Yana Zavros, Megha Padi, Casey E. Romanoski, and Ghassan Mouneimne
Subjects: breast cancer, tumor microenvironment, matrix stiffness, biomechanics, bone metastasis, mechanical memory, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Summary: While the immediate and transitory response of breast cancer cells to pathological stiffness in their native microenvironment has been well explored, it remains unclear how stiffness-induced phenotypes are maintained over time after cancer cell dissemination in vivo. Here, we show that fibrotic-like matrix stiffness promotes distinct metastatic phenotypes in cancer cells, which are preserved after transition to softer microenvironments, such as bone marrow. Using differential gene expression analysis of stiffness-responsive breast cancer cells, we establish a multigenic score of mechanical conditioning (MeCo) and find that it is associated with bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer. The maintenance of mechanical conditioning is regulated by RUNX2, an osteogenic transcription factor, established driver of bone metastasis, and mitotic bookmarker that preserves chromatin accessibility at target gene loci. Using genetic and functional approaches, we demonstrate that mechanical conditioning maintenance can be simulated, repressed, or extended, with corresponding changes in bone metastatic potential.
Published: 2021
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3. Multiomics of human aortic endothelial cells reveals cell subtypes with heterogeneous responses to canonical endothelial-to-mesenchymal perturbations

Author: Maria L. Adelus, Jiacheng Ding, Binh T. Tran, Austin C. Conklin, Anna K. Golebiewski, Lindsey K. Stolze, Michael B. Whalen, Darren A. Cusanovich, and Casey E. Romanoski
Abstract: ObjectiveEndothelial cells (ECs) regulate atherogenesis with Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal (EndMT) transition correlating with disease. Single cell (sc) effects of EndMT perturbationsin vitro,with quantitative comparison to signatures of human lesionsin vivois lacking.Approach and ResultsMultiomic profiling that concurrently measures sc RNA and ATAC was performed on 8 distinct primary cultures of human aortic ECs exposed to 7-day of EndMT-promoting perturbations: IL1B, TGFB2, and ERG knockdown (siERG). Meta-analysis of sc transcriptomes across 17 human arterial specimens was performed and two quantitative measures assessed the similarities ofex vivoversusin vitromolecular profiles. Primary HAEC cultures were reproducibly populated by 4 major clusters, termed EC1 -4: EC1-angiogenic; EC2-proliferative; EC3-activated/mesenchymal-like; and EC4-mesenchymal. Independent exposure to siERG, IL1B and TGFB2 elicited mostly distinct transcriptional and chromatin accessible responses. EC1 and EC2, the most canonically ‘healthy’ EC populations were affected predominantly by siERG; the activated cluster EC3 was most responsive to IL1B; and the mesenchymal population EC4 was most affected by TGFB2. Quantitative comparisons betweenin vitroandex vivotranscriptomes confirmed EC1 and EC2 as most canonically EC-like, and EC4 as most mesenchymal with minimal effects elicited by siERG, IL1B and TGFB2. Lastly, accessible chromatin regions unique to EC2 and EC4 were most enriched for CAD-associated SNPs from GWAS suggesting these cell phenotypes harbor CAD-modulating mechanisms.ConclusionPrimary EC cultures contain markedly heterogenous cell subtypes defined by their molecular profiles. Surprisingly, pro-EndMT exposures for 7 days were inadequate to shift cells from one subpopulation to another suggesting relatively stable molecular phenotypes in culture. Interpretations could be that EndMT acts on a modest number of transcripts or that thein vitrosystems used herein fail to recapitulate the complex EndMT-promoting microenvironment of human atherosclerotic lesions. Recognizing and leveraging heterogeneityin vitroshould improve fidelity of these systems for modelingin vivobiology.
Published: 2023
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4. Coronary Artery Disease risk variant dampens the expression of CALCRL by reducing HSF binding to shear stress responsive enhancer in endothelial cells

Author: Ilakya Selvarajan, Jin Li, Petri Pölönen, Tiit Örd, Kadri Õunap, Aarthi Ravindran, Kiira Mäklin, Anu Toropainen, Lindsey K. Stolze, Stephen White, Casey E. Romanoski, Merja Heinäniemi, Yun Fang, and Minna Kaikkonen-Määttä
Abstract: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Recent genome-wide association studies have started to unravel the genetic architecture of the disease. Such efforts have identified Calcitonin receptor-like (CALCRL), an important mediator of the endothelial fluid shear stress response, associated with CAD risk variants. In this study we functionally characterized the non-coding regulatory elements carrying CAD risks SNPs and studied their role in the regulation ofCALCRLexpression in endothelial cells. We demonstrate that rs880890-harboring regulatory element exhibits high enhancer activity and significant allelic bias with A allele showing 40% more activity than G allele. We also observed that the A allele of rs880890 is favored over the G allele under shear stress. CRISPR deletion of rs880890-enhancer resulted in downregulation ofCALCRLexpression. EMSA further showed that heat shock factors are binding to the enhancer with a preference for A allele over the G allele. In line with this, HSF1 knockdown resulted in a significant decrease inCALCRLexpression.CALCRLknockdown as well as variant perturbation experiments confirmed the role of CALCRL in the regulation of eNOS, apelin, angiopoietin, prostaglandins and endothelin-1 signaling pathways while demonstrating a significant decrease in cell proliferation and tube formation. Overall, our results demonstrate the existence of an endothelial-specific heat shock factor regulated transcriptional enhancer carrying a CAD risk SNP rs880890 that regulatesCALCRLexpression. Better understanding ofCALCRLgene regulation and the role of SNPs in modulation ofCALCRLexpression could provide important steps towards understanding genetic regulation of shear stress signaling responses.
Published: 2023
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5. Transcriptional networks specifying homeostatic and inflammatory programs of gene expression in human aortic endothelial cells

Author: Nicholas T Hogan, Michael B Whalen, Lindsey K Stolze, Nizar K Hadeli, Michael T Lam, James R Springstead, Christopher K Glass, and Casey E Romanoski
Subjects: endothelial cell, enhancers, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Endothelial cells (ECs) are critical determinants of vascular homeostasis and inflammation, but transcriptional mechanisms specifying their identities and functional states remain poorly understood. Here, we report a genome-wide assessment of regulatory landscapes of primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) under basal and activated conditions, enabling inference of transcription factor networks that direct homeostatic and pro-inflammatory programs. We demonstrate that 43% of detected enhancers are EC-specific and contain SNPs associated to cardiovascular disease and hypertension. We provide evidence that AP1, ETS, and GATA transcription factors play key roles in HAEC transcription by co-binding enhancers associated with EC-specific genes. We further demonstrate that exposure of HAECs to oxidized phospholipids or pro-inflammatory cytokines results in signal-specific alterations in enhancer landscapes and associate with coordinated binding of CEBPD, IRF1, and NFκB. Collectively, these findings identify cis-regulatory elements and corresponding trans-acting factors that contribute to EC identity and their specific responses to pro-inflammatory stimuli.
Published: 2017
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6. Author response: Systematic analysis of naturally occurring insertions and deletions that alter transcription factor spacing identifies tolerant and sensitive transcription factor pairs

Author: Zeyang Shen, Rick Z Li, Thomas A Prohaska, Marten A Hoeksema, Nathan J Spann, Jenhan Tao, Gregory J Fonseca, Thomas Le, Lindsey K Stolze, Mashito Sakai, Casey E Romanoski, and Christopher K Glass
Published: 2022
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7. Abstract 104: Massively Parallel Validation Of Genetic Variants With Inflammatory-specific Effects In Human Endothelial Cells

Author: Lindsey K Stolze, Anu Toropainen, Tiit Ord, Michael B Whalen, Minna Kaikkonen, and Casey E Romanoski
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Genome-wide association studies have linked thousands of genetic variants with complex diseases and traits. However, most genetic variants identified reside in non-coding regions of the genome, including variants associated with a myriad of vascular phenotypes, including coronary artery disease, pulse pressure, and stroke. In a prior study, we performed Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis for expression, transcription factor binding, chromatin accessibility, and histone H3 acetylation on the 27 th residue (H3K27ac) across 53 primary Human Aortic Endothelial Cell (HAEC) samples. This analysis was performed in untreated and pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin 1 Beta (IL1B) treated conditions. This resource allowed us to fine-map non-coding functional variants within HAECs in both simulated healthy and diseased conditions. To this, we now add results from massively parallel reporter assay for >16,000 regions that were prioritized from our QTL study. Using Self-Transcribing Active Regulatory Region sequencing (STARR-seq) for these regions in the immortalized HAEC cell line (teloHAECs), we identified 5,592 common variants with allele specific effects. These variants are enriched for endothelial cell specific transcription factor ERG binding QTLs as well as HAEC chromatin accessible sites, but not enriched for accessible regions from other cell types. This suggests cell-type specificity of the allele specific signals detected. We performed STARR-seq in untreated and two time points of IL1B-treated conditions. We found that the variants with significant allelic effects were enriched for inflammatory master regulator NF-kB binding QTLs regardless of the treatment condition in which STARR-seq was performed, highlighting the importance of the healthy cell regulatory landscape in determining inflammation response. Additionally, of the 3,459 loci with allele specific signals and QTL evidence, 219 were associated with a complex disease or trait via the GWAS catalog. These data together allow us to elucidate the functional variants within disease associated loci and link them to epigenetic traits and gene expression providing potential pathways through with genetic variation modifies endothelial cell biology and vascular health.
Published: 2021
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8. Functional non-coding SNPs in human endothelial cells fine-map vascular trait associations

Author: Paula Marta Torrell, Verena M. Link, Casey E. Romanoski, Michael B. Whalen, Anu Toropainen, Tiit Örd, Lindsey K. Stolze, and Minna U. Kaikkonen
Subjects: Genetics, Context (language use), Human genome, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Allele, Quantitative trait locus, Enhancer, Chromatin, Genetic association
Abstract: Functional consequences of genetic variation in the non-coding human genome are difficult to ascertain despite demonstrated associations to common, complex disease traits. To elucidate properties of functional non-coding SNPs with effects in human endothelial cells (EC), we utilized molecular Quantitative Trait Locus (molQTL) analysis for transcription factor binding, chromatin accessibility, and H3K27 acetylation to nominate a set of likely functional non-coding SNPs. Together with information from genome-wide association studies for vascular disease traits, we tested the ability of 34,344 variants to perturb enhancer function in ECs using the highly multiplexed STARR-seq assay. Of these, 5,592 variants validated, whose enriched attributes included: 1) mutations to TF binding motifs for ETS or AP1 that are regulators of EC state, 2) location in accessible and H3K27ac-marked EC chromatin, and 3) molQTLs associations whereby alleles associate with differences in chromatin accessibility and TF binding across genetically diverse ECs. Next, using pro-inflammatory IL1B as an activator of cell state, we observed robust evidence (>50%) of context-specific SNP effects, underscoring the prevalence of non-coding gene-by-environment (GxE) effects. Lastly, using these cumulative data, we fine-mapped vascular disease loci and highlight evidence suggesting mechanisms by which non-coding SNPs at two loci affect risk for Pulse Pressure/Large Artery Stroke, and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm through respective effects on transcriptional regulation of POU4F1 and LDAH. Together, we highlight the attributes and context dependence of functional non-coding SNPs, and provide new mechanisms underlying vascular disease risk.
Published: 2021
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9. Functional noncoding SNPs in human endothelial cells fine-map vascular trait associations

Author: Anu Toropainen, Lindsey K. Stolze, Tiit Örd, Michael B. Whalen, Paula Martí Torrell, Verena M. Link, Minna U. Kaikkonen, and Casey E. Romanoski
Subjects: Quantitative Trait Loci, Genetics, Endothelial Cells, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genetics (clinical), Alleles, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Functional consequences of genetic variation in the noncoding human genome are difficult to ascertain despite demonstrated associations to common, complex disease traits. To elucidate properties of functional noncoding SNPs with effects in human endothelial cells (ECs), we utilized our previous molecular quantitative trait locus (molQTL) analysis for transcription factor binding, chromatin accessibility, and H3K27 acetylation to nominate a set of likely functional noncoding SNPs. Together with information from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for vascular disease traits, we tested the ability of 34,344 variants to perturb enhancer function in ECs using the highly multiplexed STARR-seq assay. Of these, 5711 variants validated, whose enriched attributes included: (1) mutations to TF binding motifs for ETS or AP-1 that are regulators of the EC state; (2) location in accessible and H3K27ac-marked EC chromatin; and (3) molQTL associations whereby alleles associate with differences in chromatin accessibility and TF binding across genetically diverse ECs. Next, using pro-inflammatory IL1B as an activator of cell state, we observed robust evidence (>50%) of context-specific SNP effects, underscoring the prevalence of noncoding gene-by-environment (GxE) effects. Lastly, using these cumulative data, we fine-mapped vascular disease loci and highlighted evidence suggesting mechanisms by which noncoding SNPs at two loci affect risk for pulse pressure/large artery stroke and abdominal aortic aneurysm through respective effects on transcriptional regulation of POU4F1 and LDAH. Together, we highlight the attributes and context dependence of functional noncoding SNPs and provide new mechanisms underlying vascular disease risk.
Published: 2021

10. Cardiovascular disease causes proinflammatory microvascular changes in the human right atrium

Author: Lindsey K. Stolze, Elamaran Meibalan, Juho Jalkanen, Minna U. Kaikkonen, Lei Hou, Pasi Tavi, Leandro Z. Agudelo, Tiit Örd, Manolis Kellis, Casey E. Romanoski, S. Linna-Kuosmanen, Jarmo Gunn, Anu Toropainen, Mantero Jc, Galani K, Guillermo García-Cardeña, Renfro A, Calum A. MacRae, E. Schmauch, Carles Boix, Ojanen J, Maija Hollmén, and Tuomas Kiviniemi
Subjects: Cell type, business.industry, Cell, Disease, Bioinformatics, medicine.disease, Pathogenesis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Heart failure, Gene expression, medicine, Signal transduction, business, Gene
Abstract: Ischemic heart disease is the single most common cause of death worldwide with an annual death rate of over 9 million people. Genome-wide association studies have uncovered over 200 genetic loci underlying the disease, providing a deeper understanding of the causal mechanisms leading to it. However, in order to understand ischemic heart disease at the cellular and molecular level, it is necessary to identify the cell-type-specific circuits enabling dissection of driver variants, genes, and signaling pathways in normal and diseased tissues. Here, we provide the first detailed single-cell dissection of the cell types and disease-associated gene expression changes in the living human heart, using cardiac biopsies collected during open-heart surgery from control, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure patients. We identify 84 cell types/states, grouped in 12 major cell types. We define markers for each cell type, providing the first extensive reference set for the live human heart. These major cell types include cardiovascular cells (cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts), rarer cell types (B lymphocytes, neurons, Schwann cells), and rich populations of previously understudied layer-specific epicardial and endocardial cells. In addition, we reveal substantial differences in disease-associated gene expression at the cell subtype level, revealing t arterial pericytes as having a central role in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Our results demonstrate the importance of high-resolution cellular subtype mapping in gaining mechanistic insight into human cardiovascular disease.
Published: 2021
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11. Eur Heart J

Author: Yoichiro Kamatani, Markus Scholz, Pin Huang, Marcus E. Kleber, Chang Liu, Aldons J. Lusis, Zhiheng Cai, Janet Gukasyan, Yi Han, Georgios J. Vlachojannis, W.H. Wilson Tang, Satoshi Koyama, Johan L.M. Björkegren, Margarete Mehrabian, David-Alexandre Trégouët, Hooman Allayee, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Peter Bazeley, Elizabeth R. Hauser, Casey E. Romanoski, Mohammad Daud Khan, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Riyaz S. Patel, Issei Komuro, Tuomo Nieminen, Stanley L. Hazen, Qiong Jia, Muredach P. Reilly, Redouane Aherrahrou, Xuling Chang, Jari Laurikka, James R. Hilser, Marion van Vugt, William E. Kraus, Clint L. Miller, Kaoru Ito, Jaana Hartiala, Marcus M. Seldin, Calvin Pan, Winfried März, Joachim Thiery, Jane F. Ferguson, Yan V. Sun, Chew-Kiat Heng, Pekka Kuukasjärvi, Mika Kähönen, Mete Civelek, Lindsey K. Stolze, S. Ram Kumar, Graciela E. Delgado, Nicholas L. Smith, Subarna Biswas, William S Schwartzman, Laurence J. Howe, Lijiang Ma, Rong Jiang, Adam W. Turner, Arshed A. Quyyumi, Terho Lehtimäki, Cardiology, Tampere University, Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, TAYS Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bordeaux population health (BPH), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Genetic factors, Smooth muscle cell migration, SLC44A3, Myocardial Infarction/genetics, Context (language use), Locus (genetics), Genome-wide association study, Coronary Artery Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Bioinformatics, 3121 Internal medicine, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Coronary artery disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Japan, Risk Factors, Medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, AcademicSubjects/MED00200, Myocardial infarction, Polymorphism, Coronary atherosclerosis, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Coronary Artery Disease/genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics, Clnical Research, Endothelial Cells, medicine.disease, 3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics, 3. Good health, Coronary arteries, Meta-analysis, Editorial, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Aims While most patients with myocardial infarction (MI) have underlying coronary atherosclerosis, not all patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) develop MI. We sought to address the hypothesis that some of the genetic factors which establish atherosclerosis may be distinct from those that predispose to vulnerable plaques and thrombus formation. Methods and results We carried out a genome-wide association study for MI in the UK Biobank (n∼472 000), followed by a meta-analysis with summary statistics from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Consortium (n∼167 000). Multiple independent replication analyses and functional approaches were used to prioritize loci and evaluate positional candidate genes. Eight novel regions were identified for MI at the genome wide significance level, of which effect sizes at six loci were more robust for MI than for CAD without the presence of MI. Confirmatory evidence for association of a locus on chromosome 1p21.3 harbouring choline-like transporter 3 (SLC44A3) with MI in the context of CAD, but not with coronary atherosclerosis itself, was obtained in Biobank Japan (n∼165 000) and 16 independent angiography-based cohorts (n∼27 000). Follow-up analyses did not reveal association of the SLC44A3 locus with CAD risk factors, biomarkers of coagulation, other thrombotic diseases, or plasma levels of a broad array of metabolites, including choline, trimethylamine N-oxide, and betaine. However, aortic expression of SLC44A3 was increased in carriers of the MI risk allele at chromosome 1p21.3, increased in ischaemic (vs. non-diseased) coronary arteries, up-regulated in human aortic endothelial cells treated with interleukin-1β (vs. vehicle), and associated with smooth muscle cell migration in vitro. Conclusions A large-scale analysis comprising ∼831 000 subjects revealed novel genetic determinants of MI and implicated SLC44A3 in the pathophysiology of vulnerable plaques.
Published: 2021
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12. Systematic analysis of naturally occurring insertions and deletions that alter transcription factor spacing identifies tolerant and sensitive transcription factor pairs

Author: Nathanael J. Spann, Christopher K. Glass, Thomas Le, Gregory J. Fonseca, Thomas A. Prohaska, Rick Z. Li, Zeyang Shen, Lindsey K. Stolze, Casey E. Romanoski, Marten A. Hoeksema, Mashito Sakai, and Jenhan Tao
Subjects: Genetics, Regulation of gene expression, Histone, biology, Genetic variation, biology.protein, Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique), CRISPR, Promoter, Enhancer, Transcription factor
Abstract: Regulation of gene expression requires the combinatorial binding of sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) at promoters and enhancers. Prior studies showed that alterations in the spacing between TF binding sites can influence promoter and enhancer activity. However, the relative importance of TF spacing alterations resulting from naturally occurring insertions and deletions (InDels) has not been systematically analyzed. To address this question, we first characterized the genome-wide spacing relationships of 75 TFs in K562 cells as determined by ChIP-sequencing. We found a dominant pattern of a relaxed range of spacing between collaborative factors, including 46 TFs exclusively exhibiting relaxed spacing with their binding partners. Next, we exploited millions of InDels provided by genetically diverse mouse strains and human individuals to investigate the effects of altered spacing on TF binding and local histone acetylation. Spacing alterations resulting from naturally occurring InDels are generally tolerated in comparison to genetic variants directly affecting TF binding sites. A remarkable range of tolerance was further established for PU.1 and C/EBPβ, which exhibit relaxed spacing, by introducing synthetic spacing alterations ranging from 5-bp increase to >30-bp decrease using CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. These findings provide implications for understanding mechanisms underlying enhancer selection and for the interpretation of non-coding genetic variation.
Published: 2020
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13. Breast Tumor Stiffness Instructs Bone Metastasis Via Mechanical Memory

Author: Lindsey K. Stolze, Casey E. Romanoski, Adam W. Watson, Ghassan Mouneimne, Sara S. Parker, Megha Padi, Darren A. Cusanovich, Michael W. Harman, Christian Franck, Raul Castro-Portuguez, Mackenzie R. Roman, Brittany L. Uhlorn, Cody C. Gowan, and Adam D. Grant
Subjects: RUNX2, Tumor microenvironment, Breast cancer, Cancer cell, medicine, Cancer research, Cancer, Bone metastasis, Biology, medicine.disease, Primary tumor, Transcription factor
Abstract: The mechanical microenvironment of primary breast tumors plays a substantial role in promoting tumor progression1. While the transitory response of cancer cells to pathological stiffness in their native microenvironment has been well described2, it is still unclear how mechanical stimuli in the primary tumor influence distant, late-stage metastatic phenotypes across time and space in absentia. Here, we show that primary tumor stiffness promotes stable, non-genetically heritable phenotypes in breast cancer cells. This mechanical memory instructs cancer cells to adopt and maintain increased cytoskeletal dynamics, traction force, and 3D invasion in vitro, in addition to promoting osteolytic bone metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, we established a mechanical conditioning (MeCo) score comprised of mechanically regulated genes as a global gene expression measurement of tumor stiffness response. Clinically, we show that a high MeCo score is strongly associated with bone metastasis in patients. Using a discovery approach, we mechanistically traced mechanical memory in part to ERK-mediated mechanotransductive activation of RUNX2, an osteogenic gene bookmarker and bone metastasis driver3,4. Expanding our conceptual model, we reveal for the first time that a mechanically sensitive transcription factor can maintain a temporal profile of chromatin accessibility in vitro and in vivo. The combination of these distinctive RUNX2 traits permits the stable transactivation of osteolytic target genes that remain upregulated after cancer cells disseminate from their activating microenvironment in order to modify a distant microenvironment. Using genetic, epigenetic, and functional approaches, we could simulate, repress, select and extend RUNX2-mediated mechanical memory and alter cancer cell behavior accordingly. In concert with previous studies detailing the influence of biochemical properties of the primary tumor stroma on distinct metastatic phenotypes5–9, our findings detailing the influence of biomechanical properties support a generalized model of cancer progression in which the integrated properties of the primary tumor microenvironment govern the secondary tumor microenvironment, i.e., soil instructs soil.
Published: 2020
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14. Functional fine-mapping of coronary artery disease risk variants identified by single-cell profiling of accessible chromatin in human atherosclerotic lesions

Author: V. Nurminen, Minna U. Kaikkonen, Lindsey K. Stolze, Einari Aavik, T. Örd, K. Õunap, Casey E. Romanoski, Anu Toropainen, R. Aherrahrou, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala, and M. Civelek
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.anatomical_structure, business.industry, Cell, Coronary Artery Disease Risk, Medicine, Profiling (information science), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Chromatin
Published: 2021
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15. Breast tumor stiffness instructs bone metastasis via maintenance of mechanical conditioning

Author: Megha Padi, Adam D. Grant, Casey E. Romanoski, Samantha M. Hill, Darren A. Cusanovich, Michael B. Whalen, Mackenzie R. Roman, Michael W. Harman, Yana Zavros, Adam W. Watson, Cody C. Gowan, Sara S. Parker, Ghassan Mouneimne, Brittany L. Forte, Christian Franck, Lindsey K. Stolze, Jayati Chakrabarti, and Raul Castro-Portuguez
Subjects: mechanical memory, 0301 basic medicine, Osteolysis, QH301-705.5, Bone Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasms, Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit, Biology, Mechanotransduction, Cellular, biomechanics, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, breast cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Bone Marrow, Cell Line, Tumor, matrix stiffness, medicine, Tumor Microenvironment, Humans, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Biology (General), Transcription factor, bone metastasis, Cell Nucleus, Tumor microenvironment, Bone metastasis, medicine.disease, Biomechanical Phenomena, Extracellular Matrix, RUNX2, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cancer cell, Cancer research, Female, Bone marrow, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: SUMMARY While the immediate and transitory response of breast cancer cells to pathological stiffness in their native microenvironment has been well explored, it remains unclear how stiffness-induced phenotypes are maintained over time after cancer cell dissemination in vivo. Here, we show that fibrotic-like matrix stiffness promotes distinct metastatic phenotypes in cancer cells, which are preserved after transition to softer microenvironments, such as bone marrow. Using differential gene expression analysis of stiffness-responsive breast cancer cells, we establish a multigenic score of mechanical conditioning (MeCo) and find that it is associated with bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer. The maintenance of mechanical conditioning is regulated by RUNX2, an osteogenic transcription factor, established driver of bone metastasis, and mitotic bookmarker that preserves chromatin accessibility at target gene loci. Using genetic and functional approaches, we demonstrate that mechanical conditioning maintenance can be simulated, repressed, or extended, with corresponding changes in bone metastatic potential., Graphical Abstract, In brief Watson et al. demonstrate that mechanical conditioning by stiff microenvironments in breast tumors is maintained in cancer cells after dissemination to softer microenvironments, including bone marrow. They show that mechanical conditioning promotes invasion and osteolysis and establish a mechanical conditioning (MeCo) score, associated with bone metastasis in patients.
Published: 2021

16. Genetic variant at coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke locus 1p32.2 regulates endothelial responses to hemodynamics

Author: Anna Di Rienzo, Yun Fang, David Wu, Ru-Ting Huang, Casey E. Romanoski, Michael B. Whalen, Mete Civelek, Devin L. Harrison, Lindsey K. Stolze, Tzu-Pin Shentu, Ivan P. Moskowitz, and Matthew Krause
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Medical Sciences, Endothelium, Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors, Genome-wide association study, Locus (genetics), Coronary Artery Disease, Biology, Mechanotransduction, Cellular, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, shear stress, Brain Ischemia, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, GWAS, Allele, Enhancer, Transcription factor, Alleles, mechanotransduction, Multidisciplinary, Hemodynamics, Endothelial Cells, Genetic Variation, Biological Sciences, Chromatin, Cell biology, Stroke, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, PNAS Plus, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1, KLF2, Blood Flow Velocity, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Significance Biomechanical stimuli control major cellular functions and play critical roles in human diseases. Although studies have implicated genetic variation in regulating key biological functions, whether human genetic variants participate in the processes by which cells sense and respond to biomechanical cues remains unclear. This study provides a line of evidence supporting an underappreciated role of genetic predisposition in cellular mechanotransduction. Using genetics approaches and genome editing, our data demonstrate that rs17114036, a common noncoding polymorphism implicated in coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke by genome-wide association studies, dynamically regulates endothelial responses to atherosclerosis-related blood flow (hemodynamics) via a noncoding DNA region important for transcription activation (enhancer). These results provide molecular insights linking disease-associated genetic variants to cellular mechanobiology., Biomechanical cues dynamically control major cellular processes, but whether genetic variants actively participate in mechanosensing mechanisms remains unexplored. Vascular homeostasis is tightly regulated by hemodynamics. Exposure to disturbed blood flow at arterial sites of branching and bifurcation causes constitutive activation of vascular endothelium contributing to atherosclerosis, the major cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke (IS). Conversely, unidirectional flow promotes quiescent endothelium. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified chromosome 1p32.2 as strongly associated with CAD/IS; however, the causal mechanism related to this locus remains unknown. Using statistical analyses, assay of transposase accessible chromatin with whole-genome sequencing (ATAC-seq), H3K27ac/H3K4me2 ChIP with whole-genome sequencing (ChIP-seq), and CRISPR interference in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), our results demonstrate that rs17114036, a common noncoding polymorphism at 1p32.2, is located in an endothelial enhancer dynamically regulated by hemodynamics. CRISPR-Cas9–based genome editing shows that rs17114036-containing region promotes endothelial quiescence under unidirectional shear stress by regulating phospholipid phosphatase 3 (PLPP3). Chromatin accessibility quantitative trait locus (caQTL) mapping using HAECs from 56 donors, allelic imbalance assay from 7 donors, and luciferase assays demonstrate that CAD/IS-protective allele at rs17114036 in PLPP3 intron 5 confers increased endothelial enhancer activity. ChIP-PCR and luciferase assays show that CAD/IS-protective allele at rs17114036 creates a binding site for transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), which increases the enhancer activity under unidirectional flow. These results demonstrate that a human SNP contributes to critical endothelial mechanotransduction mechanisms and suggest that human haplotypes and related cis-regulatory elements provide a previously unappreciated layer of regulatory control in cellular mechanosensing mechanisms.
Published: 2018
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17. A genetic variant at coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke locus 1p32.2 regulates endothelial responses to hemodynamics

Author: Matthew Krause, Anna Di Rienzo, Lindsey K. Stolze, Mete Civelek, Michael B. Whalen, Devin L. Harrison, Yun Fang, David Wu, Ivan P. Moskowitz, Casey E. Romanoski, Tzu-Pin Shentu, and Ru-Ting Huang
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Endothelium, Locus (genetics), Biology, Cell biology, Chromatin, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Luciferase, Mechanotransduction, Allele, Enhancer, Transcription factor, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Biomechanical cues dynamically control major cellular processes but whether genetic variants actively participate in mechano-sensing mechanisms remains unexplored. Vascular homeostasis is tightly regulated by hemodynamics. Exposure to disturbed blood flow at arterial sites of branching and bifurcation causes constitutive activation of vascular endothelium contributing to atherosclerosis, the major cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke (IS). Conversely, unidirectional flow promotes quiescent endothelium. Genome-wide association studies have identified chromosome 1p32.2 as one of the most strongly associated loci with CAD/IS; however, the causal mechanism related to this locus remains unknown. Employing statistical analyses, ATAC-seq, and H3K27ac/H3K4me2 ChIP-Seq in human aortic endothelium (HAEC), our results demonstrate that rs17114036, a common noncoding polymorphism at the 1p32.2, is located in an endothelial enhancer dynamically regulated by hemodynamics. CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing shows that rs17114036-containing region promotes endothelial quiescence under unidirectional flow by regulating phospholipid phosphatase 3 (PLPP3). Chromatin accessibility quantitative trait locus mapping using HAECs from 56 donors, allelic imbalance assay from 7 donors, and luciferase assays further demonstrate that CAD/IS protective allele at rs17114036 in PLPP3 intron 5 confers an increased endothelial enhancer activity. ChIPPCR and luciferase assays show that CAD/IS protective allele at rs17114036 creates a binding site for transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2, which increases the enhancer activity under unidirectional flow. These results demonstrate for the first time that a human single-nucleotide polymorphism contributes to critical endothelial mechanotransduction mechanisms and suggest that human haplotypes and related cisregulatory elements provide a previously unappreciated layer of regulatory control in cellular mechano-sensing mechanisms.Significance StatementBiomechanical stimuli control major cellular functions and play critical roles in the pathogenesis of diverse human diseases. Although recent studies have implicated genetic variation in regulating key biological processes, whether human genetic variants contribute to the cellular mechano-sensing mechanisms remains unclear. This study provides the first line of evidence supporting an underappreciated role of genetic predisposition in cellular mechanotransduction mechanisms. Employing epigenomic profiling, genome-editing, and latest human genetics approaches, our data demonstrate that rs17114036, a common noncoding polymorphism implicated in coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke by genome-wide association studies, dynamically regulates endothelial responses to blood flow (hemodynamics) related to atherosclerosis via regulation of an intronic enhancer. The results provide new molecular insights linking disease-associated genetic variants to cellular mechanobiology.
Published: 2018
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18. Abstract 41: Transcriptional Networks Specifying Homeostatic and Pro-Inflammatory Programs of Gene Expression in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells

Author: James R. Springstead, Casey E. Romanoski, Nicholas T Hogan, Michael T. Lam, Christopher K. Glass, Lindsey K. Stolze, and Michael B. Whalen
Subjects: Vascular homeostasis, Transcriptional Networks, Gene expression, medicine, Inflammation, Genomics, Epigenetics, medicine.symptom, Biology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Bioinformatics, Homeostasis, Cell biology
Abstract: Endothelial cells are critical determinants of vascular homeostasis and inflammation, but transcriptional mechanisms specifying their identities and functional states remain poorly understood. Here, we report a genome-wide assessment of regulatory landscapes in primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) under basal and activated conditions, enabling inference of transcription factor networks that direct homeostatic and pro-inflammatory programs of gene expression. We provide evidence that AP1, ETS, and GATA transcription factors play key roles in establishing HAEC identity by co-binding at many enhancers associated with EC-specific genes. We further demonstrate that exposure of HAECs to oxidized phospholipids or pro-inflammatory cytokines results in signal-specific alterations in enhancer landscapes that are associated with coordinated binding of CEBPD, IRF1 and NFkB. Collectively, these findings identify cis-regulatory elements and corresponding trans-acting factors that contribute to endothelial cell identity and their specific responses to pro-inflammatory stimuli.
Published: 2017
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19. A measurement of the proton structure function F-2(x, Q(2)) at low x and low Q(2) at HERA

Author: C. Adloff, S. Aid, M. Anderson, V. Andreev, B. Andrieu, V. Arkadov, C. Arndt, I. Ayyaz, A. Babaev, J. Bähr, J. Bán, Y. Ban, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, R. Barschke, W. Bartel, U. Bassler, H.P. Beck, M. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, G. Bernardi, G. Bertrand-Coremans, R. Beyer, P. Biddulph, P. Bispham, J.C. Bizot, K. Borras, F. Botterweck, V. Boudry, S. Bourov, A. Braemer, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, W. Brückner, P. Bruel, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, R. Buchholz, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, F.W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, M.J. Burton, G. Buschhorn, D. Calvet, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, M. Charlet, D. Clarke, B. Clerbaux, S. Cocks, J.G. Contreras, C. Cormack, J.A. Coughlan, A. Courau, M.-C. Cousinou, B.E. Cox, G. Cozzika, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, C.L. Davis, A. De Roeck, E.A. De Wolf, B. Delcourt, M. Dirkmann, P. Dixon, W. Dlugosz, C. Dollfus, K.T. Donovan, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, A. Droutskoi, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, A.B. Fahr, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, J. Formánek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, F. Gaede, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, A. Glazov, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, K. Golec-Biernat, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, I. Gorelov, C. Grab, H. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, R.K. Griffiths, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, T. Hadig, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, T. Haller, M. Hampel, W.J. Haynes, B. Heinemann, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, I. Herynek, M.F. Hess, K. Hewitt, K.H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, M. Höppner, D. Hoffmann, T. Holtom, R. Horisberger, V.L. Hudgson, M. Hütte, M. Ibbotson, Ç. İşsever, H. Itterbeck, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jacquet, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, D.M. Jansen, L. Jönsson, D.P. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, M. Kander, D. Kant, U. Kathage, J. Katzy, H.H. Kaufmann, O. Kaufmann, M. Kausch, S. Kazarian, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, T. Köhler, J.H. Köhne, H. Kolanoski, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, T. Krämerkämper, M.W. Krasny, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, A. Küpper, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, B. Laforge, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, U. Langenegger, A. Lebedev, F. Lehner, V. Lemaitre, S. Levonian, M. Lindstroem, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, B. List, G. Lobo, J.W. Lomas, G.C. Lopez, V. Lubimov, D. Lüke, L. Lytkin, N. Magnussen, H. Mahlke-Krüger, E. Malinovski, R. Maraček, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, G. Martin, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, T. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meier, P. Merkel, F. Metlica, A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, P.-O. Meyer, A. Migliori, S. Mikocki, D. Milstead, J. Moeck, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, E. Mroczko, D. Müller, T. Walter, K. Müller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, R. Nahnhauer, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, I. Négri, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, H.K. Nguyen, T.C. Nicholls, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, Ch. Niedzballa, H. Niggli, G. Nowak, T. Nunnemann, M. Nyberg-Werther, H. Oberlack, J.E. Olsson, D. Ozerov, P. Palmen, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, S. Passaggio, G.D. Patel, H. Pawletta, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, A. Pieuchot, D. Pitzl, R. Pöschl, G. Pope, B. Povh, S. Prell, K. Rabbertz, G. Rädel, P. Reimer, H. Rick, S. Riess, E. Rizvi, P. Robmann, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, F. Rouse, C. Royon, K. Rüter, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, D.P.C. Sankey, P. Schacht, S. Schiek, S. Schleif, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, L. Schoeffel, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, F. Sefkow, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, T. Sloan, P. Smirnov, M. Smith, V. Solochenko, Y. Soloviev, A. Specka, J. Spiekermann, S. Spielman, H. Spitzer, F. Squinabol, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, J. Steinhart, B. Stella, A. Stellberger, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stöβlein, K. Stolze, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P. Sutton, S. Tapprogge, M. Taševský, V. Tchernyshov, S. Tchetchelnitski, J. Theissen, G. Thompson, P.D. Thompson, N. Tobien, R. Todenhagen, P. Truöl, G. Tsipolitis, J. Turnau, E. Tzamariudaki, P. Uelkes, A. Usik, S. Valkár, A. Valkárová, C. Valĺee, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, D. Vandenplas, Y. Vazdik, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, M. Wagener, R. Wallny, B. Waugh, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, T. Wengler, M. Werner, L.R. West, S. Wiesand, T. Wilksen, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, C. Wittek, M. Wobisch, H. Wollatz, E. Wünsch, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, Z. Zhang, A. Zhokin, P. Zini, F. Zomer, J. Zsembery, M. zurNedden, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H1, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Levy, Jean-Michel, and H1 Collaboration
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Structure function, FOS: Physical sciences, HERA, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Momentum, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Cross section (physics), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics
Abstract: The results of a measurement of the proton structure function F_2(x,Q^2)and the virtual photon-proton cross section are reported for momentum transfers squared Q^2 between 0.35 GeV^2 and 3.5 GeV^2 and for Bjorken-x values down to 6 10^{-6} using data collected by the HERA experiment H1 in 1995. The data represent an increase in kinematic reach to lower x and Q^2 values of about a factor of 5 compared to previous H1 measurements. Including measurements from fixed target experiments the rise of F_2 with decreasing x is found to be less steep for the lowest Q^2 values measured. Phenomenological models at low Q^2 are compared with the data., Comment: 27 pages, 10 Figures
Published: 2016

20. Implementation of evidence–based therapy in patients with systolic heart failure from 1998–2000

Author: Rüdiger Dissmann, Heinz Völler, Bettina Ehrlich, K. Stolze, C. Dovifat, S. Schulz, Karl Wegscheider, and Rona Reibis
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiotonic Agents, medicine.medical_treatment, Management of heart failure, Revascularization, Drug Prescriptions, Risk Assessment, McNemar's test, Risk Factors, Germany, Internal medicine, Outpatients, medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Heart Failure, Inpatients, Evidence-Based Medicine, Ejection fraction, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Atrial fibrillation, General Medicine, Guideline, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Hospitalization, Treatment Outcome, Heart failure, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Cardiology, Patient Compliance, Female, Guideline Adherence, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: In recent years, the incidence of systolic heart failure has increased. Besides a complete revascularization, guideline–based medication represents the most effective therapeutic approach. Analysis of adherence of guideline–recommended and actual medication during inpatient cardiac rehabilitation as well as under subsequent outpatient conditions. From 01/1998 to 12/ 2000, 1346 consecutive patients (64 ± 10 years, 73% male, LVEF 36.3 ± 8%, 88% ischemic, 6.7% valvular cardiomyopathy, 5.3% other causes, 11.8% atrial fibrillation) were included in a singlecenter prospective register. Medication was recorded at discharge and after the follow–up period of 731 ± 215 days. Trends in prescription rates were analyzed based on nonparametric correlations (Spearman's–Rho). Changes in medication from in– to outpatient settings were analyzed using exact McNemar test. At discharge 75.3% (67.9%/68.9%/ 86.6% in 1998/1999/2000, p
Published: 2006
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21. High-flux source system for matter-wave interferometry exploiting tunable interactions

Author: A. Herbst, T. Estrampes, H. Albers, V. Vollenkemper, K. Stolzenberg, S. Bode, E. Charron, E. M. Rasel, N. Gaaloul, and D. Schlippert
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Atom interferometers allow determining inertial effects to high accuracy. Quantum-projection noise as well as systematic effects impose demands on large atomic flux as well as ultralow expansion rates. Here we report on a high-flux source of ultracold atoms with free expansion rates near the Heisenberg limit directly upon release from the trap. Our results are achieved in a time-averaged optical dipole trap and enabled through dynamic tuning of the atomic scattering length across two orders of magnitude interaction strength via magnetic Feshbach resonances. We demonstrate Bose-Einstein condensates with more than 6×10^{4} particles after evaporative cooling for 170 ms and their subsequent release with a minimal expansion energy of 4.5 nK in one direction. Based on our results we estimate the performance of an atom interferometer and compare our source system to a high performance chip trap, as readily available for ultraprecise measurements in microgravity environments.
Published: 2024
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22. Radiation hard strip detectors for large-scale silicon trackers

Author: P. Lükewille, D. Hauff, J. Kemmer, H.G. Moser, G. Lutz, T. Rohe, K. Stolze, Ladislav Andricek, Robert Richter, and A. Viehl
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Silicon, business.industry, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Biasing, Radiation, law.invention, Semiconductor, chemistry, law, Optoelectronics, Resistor, business, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening
Abstract: Major challenges in building silicon strip detectors for future high luminosity experiments are the high radiation level and the huge number of sensors required for the construction of the precision layers of the complete tracking system. Single-sided p + n strip detectors for ATLAS SCT designed and fabricated at the MPI Semiconductor Laboratory have been exposed to 3×10 14 /cm 2 24 GeV protons. The major features of the design, including the biasing technique using implanted resistors, are discussed and results are presented. The technology was transferred to CiS, Germany, a company capable of the desired large-scale production. Results of this industrially fabricated sensors look very promising and show the expected radiation hardness.
Published: 1999
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23. Determination of the longitudinal proton structure function FL(x,Q2) at low x

Author: C. Adloff, S. Aid, M. Anderson, V. Andreev, B. Andrieu, C. Arndt, A. Babaev, J. Bähr, J. Bán, Y. Ban, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, R. Barschke, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, H.P. Beck, M. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, G. Bernardi, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançon, R. Beyer, P. Biddulph, P. Bispham, J.C. Bizot, V. Blobel, J. Blümlein, K. Borras, F. Botterweck, V. Boudry, A. Braemer, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, W. Brückner, P. Bruel, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, R. Buchholz, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, F.W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, M.J. Burton, D. Calvet, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, M. Charlet, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, B. Clerbaux, S. Cocks, J.G. Contreras, C. Cormack, J.A. Coughlan, A. Courau, M.-C. Cousinou, G. Cozzika, L. Criegee, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, C.L. Davis, B. Delcourt, A. De Roeck, E.A. De Wolf, M. Dirkmann, P. Dixon, P. Di Nezza, W. Dlugosz, C. Dollfus, K.T. Donovan, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, A. Droutskoi, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, W. Erdmann, A.B. Fahr, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, J. Formánek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, F. Gaede, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, A. Glazov, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, K. Golec-Biernat, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, I. Gorelov, C. Grab, H. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, R.K. Griffiths, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, T. Hadig, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, T. Haller, M. Hampel, W.J. Haynes, B. Heinemann, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, I. Herynek, M.F. Hess, K. Hewitt, W. Hildesheim, K.H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, M. Höppner, D. Hoffmann, T. Holtom, R. Horisberger, V.L. Hudgson, M. Hütte, M. Ibbotson, Ç. İşsever, H. Itterbeck, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, D.M. Jansen, T. Jansen, L. Jönsson, D.P. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, M. Kander, D. Kant, R. Kaschowitz, U. Kathage, J. Katzy, H.H. Kaufmann, O. Kaufmann, M. Kausch, S. Kazarian, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, T. Köhler, J.H. Köhne, H. Kolanoski, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, T. Krämerkämper, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, D. Lacour, B. Laforge, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, U. Langenegger, A. Lebedev, F. Lehner, S. Levonian, G. Lindström, M. Lindstroem, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, B. List, G. Lobo, P. Loch, J.W. Lomas, G.C. Lopez, V. Lubimov, D. Lüke, L. Lytkin, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, R. Maraček, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, G. Martin, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, T. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meier, F. Metlica, A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, P.-O. Meyer, A. Migliori, S. Mikocki, D. Milstead, J. Moeck, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, E. Mroczko, D. Müller, G. Müller, K. Müller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, R. Nahnhauer, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, I. Négri, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, H.K. Nguyen, T.C. Nicholls, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, Ch. Niedzballa, H. Niggli, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, T. Nunnemann, M. Nyberg-Werther, M. Oakden, H. Oberlack, J.E. Olsson, D. Ozerov, P. Palmen, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, H. Pawletta, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, A. Pieuchot, D. Pitzl, G. Pope, B. Povh, S. Prell, K. Rabbertz, G. Rädel, P. Reimer, S. Reinshagen, S. Riemersma, H. Rick, F. Riepenhausen, S. Riess, E. Rizvi, P. Robmann, H.E. Roloff, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, F. Rouse, C. Royon, K. Rüter, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, D.P.C. Sankey, P. Schacht, S. Schiek, S. Schleif, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, L. Schoeffel, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, F. Sefkow, R. Sell, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, P. Smirnov, V. Solochenko, Y. Soloviev, A. Specka, J. Spiekermann, S. Spielman, H. Spitzer, F. Squinabol, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, H. Steiner, J. Steinhart, B. Stella, A. Stellberger, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stößlein, K. Stolze, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P. Sutton, S. Tapprogge, M. Taševský, V. Tchernyshov, S. Tchetchelnitski, J. Theissen, C. Thiebaux, G. Thompson, N. Tobien, R. Todenhagen, P. Truöl, G. Tsipolitis, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, E. Tzamariudaki, P. Uelkes, A. Usik, S. Valkár, A. Valkárová, C. Vallée, D. Vandenplas, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, Y. Vazdik, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, M. Wagener, B. Waugh, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, T. Wengler, M. Werner, L.R. West, T. Wilksen, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, C. Wittek, M. Wobisch, E. Wünsch, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, Z. Zhang, A. Zhokin, P. Zini, F. Zomer, J. Zsembery, K. Zuber, M. zurNedden, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H1, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, FOS: Physical sciences, Order (ring theory), HERA, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Momentum, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Cross section (physics), Positron, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract: A measurement of the inclusive cross section for the deep-inelastic scattering of positrons off protons at HERA is presented at momentum transfers $8.5 \leq Q^2 \leq 35 GeV^2$ and large inelasticity $y = 0.7$, i.e. for the Bjorken-x range $0.00013 \leq x \leq 0.00055$. Using a next-to-leading order QCD fit to the structure function F_2 at lower y values, the contribution of F_2 to the measured cross section at high y is calculated and, by subtraction, the longitudinal structure function F_{L} is determined for the first time with an average value of $F_L=0.52 \pm 0.03 (stat)$^ {+0.25}_{-0.22}$ (syst) at $Q^2=15.4 GeV^2$ and $x=0.000243$., 17 pages, latex, 4 Figures
Published: 1997
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24. Development of the H1 backward silicon strip detector

Author: W. Eick, H. Henschel, H.H. Kaufmann, M. Klein, P. Kostka, L. Kratzwald, W. Lange, H. Lippold, J. Meißner, Th. Naumann, E. Peppel, U. Stößlein, K. Stolze, M. Winde, J. Bürger, K. Hansen, S. Prell, W. Zimmermann, M.A. Bullough, N.M. Greenwood, A.D. Lucas, A.M. Newton, C.D. Wilburn, R. Horisberger, D. Pitzl, D. Clarke, W.J. Haynes, and G. Noyes
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Measure (physics), chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, HERA, law.invention, Momentum, Telescope, Optics, chemistry, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Polar coordinate system, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: The development and first results are described of a silicon strip detector telescope for the HERA experiment H1 designed to measure the polar angle of deep inelastic scattered electrons at small Bjorken x and low momentum transfers Q2.
Published: 1997
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25. Photoproduction of mesons in electron-proton collisions at HERA

Author: S. Aid, V. Andreev, B. Andrieu, R.-D. Appuhn, M. Arpagaus, A. Babaev, J. Bähr, J. Bán, Y. Ban, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, R. Barschke, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, H.P. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, G. Bernardi, R. Bernet, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançon, R. Beyer, P. Biddulph, P. Bispham, J.C. Bizot, V. Blobel, K. Borras, F. Botterweck, V. Boudry, A. Braemer, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, R. Buchholz, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, F.W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, M.J. Burton, G. Buschhorn, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, M. Charlet, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, B. Clerbaux, S. Cocks, J.G. Contreras, C. Cormack, J.A. Coughlan, A. Courau, M.-C. Cousinou, G. Cozzika, L. Criegee, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, C.L. Davis, B. Delcourt, A. De Roeck, E.A. De Wolf, M. Dirkmann, P. Dixon, P. Di Nezza, W. Dlugosz, C. Dollfus, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, A. Droutskoi, D. Düllmann, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, R.J. Ellison, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, W. Erdmann, E. Evrard, A.B. Fahr, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, D. Feeken, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, B. Fominykh, J. Formánek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, F. Gaede, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, A. Gellrich, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, A. Glazov, U. Goerlach, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, K. Golec-Biernat, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, I. Gorelov, C. Grab, H. Grässler, R. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, R.K. Griffiths, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, J. Haack, T. Hadig, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, M. Hampel, W.J. Haynes, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, I. Herynek, M.F. Hess, W. Hildesheim, K.H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, K.C. Hoeger, M. Höppner, D. Hoffmann, T. Holtom, R. Horisberger, V.L. Hudgson, M. Hütte, H. Hufnagel, M. Ibbotson, H. Itterbeck, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, T. Jansen, L. Jönsson, K. Johannsen, D.P. Johnson, L. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, M. Kander, D. Kant, R. Kaschowitz, U. Kathage, J. Katzy, H.H. Kaufmann, O. Kaufmann, S. Kazarian, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, T. Köhler, J.H. Köhne, H. Kolanoski, F. Kole, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, M. Korn, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, T. Krämerkämper, M.W. Krasny, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, U. Krüger, U. Krüner-Marquis, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, D. Lacour, B. Laforge, R. Lander, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, U. Langenegger, J.-F. Laporte, A. Lebedev, F. Lehner, C. Leverenz, S. Levonian, Ch. Ley, G. Lindström, M. Lindstroem, J. Link, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, B. List, G. Lobo, H. Lohmander, J.W. Lomas, G.C. Lopez, V. Lubimov, D. Lüke, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, S. Mani, R. Maraček, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, G. Martin, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, T. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meier, T. Merz, A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, P.-O. Meyer, A. Migliori, S. Mikocki, D. Milstead, J. Moeck, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, E. Mroczko, D. Müller, G. Müller, K. Müller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, R. Nahnhauer, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, D. Neyret, H.K. Nguyen, T.C. Nicholls, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, Ch. Niedzballa, H. Niggli, R. Nisius, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, M. Nyberg_Werther, M. Oakden, H. Oberlack, U. Obrock, J.E. Olsson, D. Ozerov, P. Palmen, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, H. Pawletta, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, A. Pieuchot, D. Pitzl, G. Pope, S. Prell, R. Prosi, K. Rabbertz, G. Rädel, F. Raupach, P. Reimer, S. Reinshagen, H. Rick, V. Riech, J. Riedlberger, F. Riepenhausen, S. Riess, E. Rizvi, S.M. Robertson, P. Robmann, H.E. Roloff, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, F. Rouse, C. Royon, K. Rüter, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, N. Sahlmann, D.P.C. Sankey, P. Schacht, S. Schiek, S. Schleif, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, F. Sefkow, M. Seidel, R. Sell, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, P. Smirnov, J.R. Smith, V. Solochenko, Y. Soloviev, A. Specka, J. Spiekermann, S. Spielman, H. Spitzer, F. Squinabol, R. Starosta, M. Steenbock, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, H. Steiner, B. Stella, A. Stellberger, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stöβlein, K. Stolze, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P. Sutton, S. Tapprogge, M. Taševský, V. Tchernyshov, S. Tchetchelnitski, J. Theissen, C. Thiebaux, G. Thompson, P. Truöl, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, P. Uelkes, A. Usik, S. Valkár, A. Valkárová, C. Vallée, D. Vandenplas, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, Y. Vazdik, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, M. Wagener, A. Walther, B. Waugh, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, T. Wengler, M. Werner, L.R. West, T. Wilksen, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, C. Wittek, E. Wünsch, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, Z. Zhang, A. Zhokin, F. Zomer, J. Zsembery, K. Zuber, and M. zurNedden
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Proton, Meson, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Order (ring theory), Parton, HERA, Charm quark, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: At the electron-proton collider HERA the inclusive D-*+/- meson photoproduction cross section has been measured with the H1 detector in two different, but partly overlapping, kinematical regions. For the first, where [W-gamma p] approximate to 200 GeV and Q(2) < 0.01 GeV2, the result is sigma(gamma p --> c(c) over barX$) = (13.2 +/- 2.2(-1.7-4.8)(+2.1+9.9)) mu b. The second measurement for Q(2) < 4 GeV2 yields sigma(gamma p) --> c(c) over barX$) = (9.3 +/- 2.1(-1.8-3.2)(+1.9+6.9)) mu b at [W-gamma p] approximate to 142 GeV and sigma(gamma p --> c(c) over barX$) = (20.6 +/- 5.5(-3.9-7.2)(+4.3+15.4)) mu b at [W-gamma p] approximate to 230 GeV, respectively. The third error accounts for an additional uncertainty due to the proton and photon parton density parametrizations. Differential cross sections are presented as a function of the D-*+/- transverse momentum and rapidity. The results compare reasonably well with next-to-leading order QCD calculations. Evidence for diffractive photoproduction of charm quarks is presented.
Published: 1996
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26. Elastic electroproduction of ϱ and mesons at large Q2 at HERA

Author: S. Aid, V Andreev, B. Andrieu, R.-D. Appuhn, M. Arpagaus, A. Babaev, J. Bähr, J. Bán, Y. Ban, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, R. Barschke, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, H.P. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, G. Bernardi, R. Bernet, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançoni, R. Beyer, P. Biddulph, P. Bispham, J.C. Bizot, V. Blobel, K. Borras, F. Botterweck, V. Boudry, A. Braemer, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, R. Buchholz, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, M.J. Burton, G. Buschhorn, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, F. Charles, M. Charlet, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, B. Clerbaux, S. Cocks, J.G. Contreras, C. Cormack, J.A. Coughlanf, A. Courauab, M.-C. Cousinou, G. Cozzika, L. Criegee, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, C.L. Davis, B. Delcourt, A. De Roec, E.A. De Wolf, M. Dirkmann, P. Dixon, P. Di Nezza, W. Dlugosz, C. Dollfus, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, A. Droutskoi, D. Dullmann, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, R.J. Ellison, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, W. Erdmann, E. Evrard, A.B. Fahr, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, D. Feeken, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, B. Fominykh, J. Formanek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, F. Gaede, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, A. Gellrich, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, A. Glazov, U. Goerlac, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, K. Golec-Biernat, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, I. Gorelov, C. Grab, H. Grässler, R. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, R. Griffiths, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, J. Haack, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, M. Hampel, W.J. Haynes, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, I. Herynek, M.F. Hess, W. Hildesheim, K.H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, K.C. Hoeger, M. Höppner, D. Hoffmann, T. Holtom, R. Horisberger, V.L. Hudgson, M. Hütte, H. Hufnagel, M. Ibbotson, H. Itterbeck, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, T. Jansen, L. Johnson, K. Johannsen, D.P. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, M. Kander, D. Kant, R. Kaschowitz, U. Kathage, J. Katzy, H.H. Kaufmann, O. Kaufmann, S. Kazarian, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, T. Köhler, J.H. Köhne, H. Kolanoski, F. Kole, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, M. Korn, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, T. Krämerkämper, M.W. Krasny, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, U. Krüger, U. Krüner-Marquis, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, D. Lacour, B. Laforgei, R. Lander, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, U. Langenegger, J.-F. Laporte, A. Lebedev, F. Lehner, C. Leverenz, S. Levonian, Ch. Ley, G. Lindström, M. Lindstroem, J. Link, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, B. List, G. Lobo, H. Lohmander, J.W. Lomas, G.C. Lopez, V. Lubimov, D. Lüke, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, S. Mani, R. Maraček, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, G. Martin, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, T. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meyer, T. Merz, A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, R-O. Meyer, A. Migliori, S. Mikocki, D. Milstead, J. Moeck, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, E. Mroczko, D. Müller, G. Müller, K. Miiller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, R. Nahnhauer, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, D. Neyret, H.K. Nguyen, T.C. Nicholls, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, Ch. Niedzballa, H. Niggli, R. Nisius, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, M. Nyberg-Werther, M. Oakden, H. Oberlack, U. Obrock, J.E. Olsson, D. Ozerov, P. Palmen, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, H. Pawlett, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, A. Pieuchot, D. Pitzl, G. Pope, S. Prell, R. Prosi, K. Rabbertz, G. Rädel, F. Raupach, P. Reimer, S. Reinshagen, H. Rick, V. Riech, J. Riedlberger, F. Riepenhausen, S. Riess, E. Rizvi, S.M. Robertson, P. Robmann, H.E. Roloff, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, F. Rouse, C. Royon, K. Rüter, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, N. Sahlmann, D.P.C. Sankey, P. Schacht, S. Schiek, S. Schleif, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, F. Sefkow, M. Seidel, R. Sell, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, P. Smirnov, J.R. Smith, V. Solochenko, Y. Soloviev, A. Specka, J. Spiekermann, S. Spielman, H. Spitzer, F. Squinabol, R. Starosta, M. Steenbock, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, H. Steiner, B. Stella, A. Stellberger, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stöβlein, K. Stolze, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P Sutton, S. Tapprogge, [au M. Taševský, V. Tchernyshov, S. Tchetchelnitski, J. Theissen, C. Thiebaux, G. Thompson, P. Truöl, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, P. Uelkes, A. Usik, S. Valkár, A. Valkdrovd, C. Vallée, D. Vandenplas, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, Y. Vazdik, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, M. Wagener, A. Walther, B. Waugh, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, T. Wengler, M. Werner, L.R. West, T. Wilksen, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, C. Wittek, E. Wünsch, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, Z. Zhang, A. Zhokin, M. Zimmer, F. Zomer, J. Zsembery, K. Zuber, and M. zurNedden
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cross section (physics), Particle physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Meson, Proton, Momentum transfer, Theoretical models, High Energy Physics::Experiment, HERA, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The total cross sections for the elastic electroproduction of $\rh0$ and $J/\Psi$ mesons for $Q^2$ $>$ 8 GeV$^2$ and $ \simeq 90$ GeV/c$^2$ are measured at HERA with the H1 detector. The measurements are for an integrated electron$-$proton luminosity of $\simeq$~3~pb$^{-1}$. The dependences of the total virtual photon$-$proton ($\gamma^* p$) cross sections on $Q^2$, $W$ and the momentum transfer squared to the proton ($t$), and, for the $\rho$, the dependence on the polar decay angle ($\cos \theta^*$), are presented. The $J/\Psi$ : $\rh0$ cross section ratio is determined. The results are discussed in the light of theoretical models and of the interplay of hard and soft physics processes.
Published: 1996
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27. The readout system of the H1 silicon detectors

Author: J. Bürger, K. Hansen, W. Lange, S. Prell, W. Zimmermann, H. Henschel, M. Klein, P. Kostka, J. Meißner, E. Peppel, G. Sciacca, K. Stolze, M. Winde, D. Clarke, W.J. Haynes, G.W. Noyes, L. Jönsson, K. Gabathuler, R. Horisberger, M. Wagener, R. Eichler, W. Erdmann, H. Niggli, and D. Pitzl
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Signal processing, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Pipeline (computing), Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Context (language use), HERA, Chip, Front and back ends, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Upgrade, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Instrumentation, Computer hardware
Abstract: The H1 detector at HERA at DESY presently undergoes a major upgrade. In this context silicon strip detectors have been installed at the beginning of 1995. The high bunch crossing frequency of HERA (10.4 MHz) demands a novel readout architecture which includes pipelining, signal processing and data reduction at a very early stage. The front end readout is hierarchically organized. The detector elements are read out by the APC chip which contains an analog pipeline and performs first background subtraction. Up to five readout chips are controlled by a Decoder Chip. The readout processor module (OnSiRoC) operates the detectors, controls the Decoder Chips and performs a first level data reduction. The paper describes the readout architecture of the H1 silicon detectors and performance data of the complete readout chain.
Published: 1995
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28. Measurement of the total photon proton cross section and its decomposition at 200 GeV centre of mass energy

Author: C. Cormack, G. G. Winter, C. Vallée, J. Martens, P. Steffen, R. D. Appuhn, F. Kole, K. Rüter, U. Stößlein, C. Niebuhr, J. H. Köhne, D. Zarbock, H. P. Wellisch, R. Nahnhauer, D. Goldner, Max Weber, E. Malinovski, E. Barrelet, David Cussans, P. Goritchev, B. Laforge, Y. Soloviev, T. Carli, M. Kuhlen, G. Grindhammer, Paul Newman, V. L. Hudgson, E. A. De Wolf, Ch. Berger, Karlheinz Meier, K. Rosenbauer, C. Wittek, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, Dusan Bruncko, K. Rybicki, D. Neyret, L. Büngener, H. Krehbiel, A. Pieuchot, T. Mavroidis, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, H. Genzel, A. Lebedev, M. Korn, S. Egli, Christoph Grab, G. Thompson, W. Bartel, I. Herynek, K. Daum, G. Knies, T. Greenshaw, P. Bispham, J. Haack, Stephen Maxfield, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, U. Bassler, M. Charlet, G. Buschhorn, G. Bertrand-Coremans, R. Starosta, D. Ozerov, D. Düllmann, Rosario Martín, R. J. Ellison, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, K. C. Hoeger, Murrough Landon, A. E. Wright, H. Itterbeck, Wolfgang Lange, P. Van Mechelen, B. Waugh, G. Weber, H. Henschel, F. W. Büsser, F. Zomer, U. Straumann, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, J. Stiewe, P. Van Esch, E. Evrard, Eram Rizvi, L. Del Buono, L. Criegee, Grzegorz Nowak, W. Braunschweig, C. Jacobsson, A. Gellrich, V. Riech, F. Sefkow, J. P. Sutton, Claus Kleinwort, V. Andreev, G. Heinzelmann, D. Kant, Kerstin Borras, A. Semenov, M. Fleischer, P. Ribarics, T. Jansen, R. Felst, J. Formánek, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, S. Schiek, S. Tapprogge, H. Spitzer, Armen Vartapetian, M. Hapke, R. Sell, Benno List, J. Gayler, I. R. Kenyon, S. Kazarian, G. Villet, Barbara Clerbaux, R. Kaschowitz, Pierre Marage, E. Mroczko, M. Gebauer, B. Delcourt, D. Vandenplas, H. Küster, F. Brasse, V. Korbel, W.D. Dau, D. Lüke, A. Wegner, N. Gogitidze, H. Rick, J. B. Dainton, U. Siewert, F. Lamarche, A. Rostovtsev, A. Droutskoi, G. Rädel, C. Leverenz, J. Garvey, O. Hamon, S. Levonian, J. Zsembery, J. M. Link, E. Panaro, J. Kurzhöfer, H. Ehrlichmann, E. Wünsch, V. Solochenko, M. Zimmer, A. M. Fomenko, J. D. Dowell, Dave Sankey, M. Wagener, Roland Horisberger, A. Valkárová, U. Kathage, Vincent Boudry, M. Hampel, B. Kuznik, A. Meyer, Ph. Huet, V. Brisson, Yves Sirois, Jean-Francois Laporte, V. Nagovizin, G. D. Patel, P. Loch, S. Riess, Ch. Pichler, K. Gabathuler, A. Buniatian, Jean-Arcady Meyer, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, R. Gerhards, M. J. Burton, J. Lipinski, R. Bernet, K. Flamm, G. Franke, Yong Ban, N. Magnussen, K. Johannsen, P. Verrecchia, J. Žáček, A. Courau, Christophe Royon, J. Feltesse, S. Eichenberger, G. Martin, David Schmidt, J. Bähr, S. Spielman, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, V. Schröder, S. Schleif, K. H. Hiller, R. C. W. Henderson, N. Sahlmann, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, Wolfram Erdmann, E. Schuhmann, Winston Ko, S. Aid, P. I. P. Kalmus, J. V. Morris, G. Schmidt, C. Pascaud, V. Efremenko, P. Hill, F. Linsel, P.-O. Meyer, G. W. Noyes, Martin Erdmann, U. Obrock, Zhen Zhang, Guenter Eckerlin, André Schöning, S. Mani, A. Walther, P. Biddulph, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, H. E. Roloff, M. Forbush, S. Mikocki, J. Bán, J. Tutas, F. Niebergall, J. D. Burger, H. P. Beck, Stephen Burke, A. Braemer, D. Mercer, M. A. Jabiol, W. Zimmermann, Gianfranco Sciacca, J. Riedlberger, H. Hufnagel, J. W. Lomas, I. Sheviakov, D. Newton, V. Lubimov, R. Prosi, J. Ebert, S. Masson, Leif J. Jönsson, John A Coughlan, A. Usik, K. Stolze, M. Höppner, C. A. Meyer, S. Prell, P. Dixon, H. Lohmander, P. Lanius, A. Gruber, R. Buchholz, L. N. Shtarkov, U. Krüger, A. Migliori, Horst Oberlack, Markus Seidel, A. Glazov, V. Tchernyshov, G. Siegmon, H. U. Martyn, Matthias Klein, David Milstead, P. A. Smirnov, Ch. Ley, A. Panitch, C.D. Hilton, J.G. Contreras, Daniel Johnson, R. Beyer, S. Dagoret, P. Palmen, L. Goerlich, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, F. Lehner, J. Theissen, J. Duboc, B. Stella, D. Feeken, A. Jacholkowska, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, M. Arpagaus, S. D. Kolya, M. Oakden, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, R. Roosen, J. Ferencei, V I. Shekelyan, A. Wagener, S. Reinshagen, J. Martyniak, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, J. Spiekermann, R. L. Lander, Daniel Pitzl, Frank Raupach, S. M. Robertson, N. Wulff, B. Fominykh, P. Kasselmann, F. Charles, J. Katzy, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, R.K. Griffiths, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, U. Krüner-Marquis, G. Müller, M. F. Hess, Emmanuelle Perez, G. Lobo, P. Kostka, J. M. Foster, S. Bourov, Carl R. Brune, M. Barth, J. Turnau, K. Zuber, Eckhart Fretwurst, M. Steenbock, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, B. Andrieu, H. Meyer, S. Kermiche, W. Hildesheim, J. Cvach, Ch. Niedzballa, P. Di Nezza, Peter Robmann, S. Willard, M. Winde, P. Uelkes, Didier Lacour, M. Hütte, L. Johnson, G. Pope, Steve McMahon, P. Baranov, O. Dünger, F. Botterweck, Peter Schleper, T. Krämerkämper, R. Maraček, W. von Schlippe, Marc Besancon, A.S. Belousov, Sergey Rusakov, T. Merz, P. Truöl, H. Pawletta, R. Nisius, J. R. Smith, E. Eisenhandler, Th. Naumann, H. Duhm, E. Gabathuler, M. David, C.L. Davis, M. Flieser, J. Stier, J. Marks, Y. Vazdik, L.R. West, M. Nyberg-Werther, T. R. Ebert, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, M. zurNedden, C. Kiesling, A. De Roeck, A. J. Campbell, T. Kurča, J. Janoth, Volker Blobel, R. Eichler, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, C. Keuker, J.P. Phillips, Klaus Rabbertz, Stefan Valkar, Hannes Jung, Alexander Zhokin, B. Schwab, Pavel Murin, H. Grässler, M. Ibbotson, R. Barschke, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, F. Rouse, Ulrich Goerlach, T. C. Nicholls, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, Gregorio Bernardi, Anton Babaev, C. Thiebaux, J. Strachota, and P. E. Reimer
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Elastic scattering, Particle physics, Cross section (physics), Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, Detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Center of mass, HERA, Dissociation (chemistry)
Abstract: We present a new measurement of the total photoproduction cross section performed with the H1 detector at HERA. For an average centre of mass energy of 200 GeV a value of σtotλp=165±2±11µb has been obtained. A detailed analysis of the data in adequate kinematic regions enabled a decomposition of the total cross section in its elastic, single diffractive dissociation and remaining non-diffractive parts, based on safe assumptions on the double diffractive dissociation contribution.
Published: 1995
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29. Ischemia/Reperfusion Impairs Mitochondrial Energy Conservation and Triggers O2−Release as a Byproduct of Respiration

Author: H. Nohl, V. Koltover, K. Stolze, and H. Esterbauer
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cell, Ischemia, Mitochondria, Liver, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury, In Vitro Techniques, Mitochondrion, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Mitochondria, Heart, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Oxygen Consumption, Reference Values, Internal medicine, Respiration, medicine, Animals, Electrochemical gradient, business.industry, medicine.disease, Rats, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Mechanism of action, Heart failure, medicine.symptom, Energy Metabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species, business, Oxidative stress
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of mitochondria in the development of heart failure following ischemia/reperfusion. Although mitochondria were increasingly assumed to be responsible for the establishment of an oxidative stress situation the lack of suitable methods to prove it required new concepts for an evaluation of the validity of this hypothesis. The principal idea was to expose isolated mitochondria to metabolic conditions which are developed during ischemia/reperfusion in the cell (anoxia, lactogenesis) and study how they respond. Heart mitochondria treated in that way responded with an incomplete collapse of the transmembraneous proton gradient, thereby impairing respiration-linked ATP generation. The membrane effect affected also the proper control of e- transfer through redox-cycling ubisemiquinone. Electrons were found to leak at this site from its normal pathway to O2 suggesting that ubisemiquinone becomes an active O2.- generator. It was concluded from these observations that mitochondria are likely to play a pathogenetic role in the reperfusion injury of the heart both, by an impairment of energy conservation and their transition to a potent O2.(-)-radical generator. Furthermore, there is considerable evidence that the exogenous NADH-dehydrogenase of heart mitochondria is mainly responsible for functional changes of these organelles during ischemia/reperfusion.
Published: 1993
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30. Spin adducts of several N-2-(2-alkoxycarbonyl-propyl)-$alpha;-pyridylnitrone derivatives with superoxide, alkyl and lipid-derived radicals

Author: K STOLZE
Subjects: Pharmacology, Biochemistry
Published: 2004
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31. Radiation hard silicon detectors - developments by the RD48 (ROSE) collaboration

Author: Eicke R. Weber, A. Vasilescu, Lucian Pintilie, Stephen Watts, Donato Creanza, Vladimír Linhart, Ioana Pintilie, J. Wüstenfeld, F. Hauler, Roberto Dell'Orso, E. M. Verbitskaya, Mara Bruzzi, S. Heising, D.F. Anderson, Vladimir Cindro, Val O'Shea, Paolo Ciampolini, B. Sundby Avset, W. Slysz, Robert Richter, R. Wheadon, R. Wunstorf, Manuel Lozano, G. M. Bilei, Alessia Tricomi, T. Botila, P. Burger, Maurice Glaser, Gerhard Lutz, A. Markou, Ladislav Andricek, J. Wyss, Paul Clauws, A. Vayaki, I. Węgrzecka, M. Ahmed, Mika Huhtinen, Giorgio Fallica, A. Chilingarov, A. Holmes-Siedle, Vincenzo Augelli, E. Catacchini, M. Angarano, Joan Marc Rafi, W. De Boer, L. Jungermann, D. Petre, Z. Li, K. Stolze, C. Raine, Luigi Schiavulli, M. Mikuž, A. Pickford, C. Da Via, Spyros Tzamarias, I. Siotis, M. J. Costa, Z. Luczynski, Stanislav Pospisil, D. Žontar, J. Fuster, N. Bacchetta, Arie Ruzin, Gianluigi Casse, Z. Kohout, Georgios Fanourakis, G. Parrini, Michael Moll, M Kuhnke, Renato Potenza, Piero Giorgio Verdini, M. De Palma, K. Zankel, Claude Leroy, Gregor Kramberger, P. Sicho, Shaun Roe, F. Lemeilleur, Petra Riedler, K. Gabathuler, B. G. Svensson, Vaclav Vrba, Andrew Ivanov, Roland Horisberger, M. Wegrzecki, Piotr Grabiec, Richard Bates, U. Biggeri, H. Feick, Teresa Ligonzo, M. Letheren, Simon Kwan, A. Kaminsky, Gavin Davies, E. Fretwurst, Geoffrey Hall, E. Borchi, A. Santocchia, P. Roy, C.D. Wilburn, B. C. MacEvoy, T. Budzyński, Guido Tonelli, Dario Bisello, A.I. Ryazanov, Alberto Messineo, G. Ottaviani, Ettore Focardi, C Martinez, B.K. Jones, Daniele Passeri, P. Bartalini, P.G. Litovchenko, O. Evrard, I. Ilyashenko, M. Solanky, C. Tivarus, V. K. Eremin, Giusy Valvo, P. Weilhammer, D. Boemi, T. J. Sloan, Demetrios Loukas, P. Zabierowski, P. N. Ratoff, G. Hughes, Francesca Campabadal, Sebastiano Albergo, Phillip Allport, E. Nossarzewska, B. Dezillie, S. Manolopoulos, T. J. Brodbeck, Kristine M. Smith, B. Sopko, M. Hanlon, I. Wilhelm, Luis Fonseca, G. Lindström, and E. Grigoriev
Subjects: Physics, Radiation hardness, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon detectors, Radiation hardness, Defect engineering, Non ionizing energy loss, irradiation, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Doping, silicon devices, chemistry.chemical_element, Non ionizing energy loss, Defect engineering, Semiconductor detector, chemistry, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, Silicon detectors, Neutron, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening, Diode
Abstract: The RD48 (ROSE) collaboration has succeeded to develop radiation hard silicon detectors, capable to withstand the harsh hadron fluences in the tracking areas of LHC experiments. In order to reach this objective, a defect engineering technique was employed resulting in the development of Oxygen enriched FZ silicon (DOFZ), ensuring the necessary O-enrichment of about 2×1017 O/cm3 in the normal detector processing. Systematic investigations have been carried out on various standard and oxygenated silicon diodes with neutron, proton and pion irradiation up to a fluence of 5×1014 cm−2 (1 MeV neutron equivalent). Major focus is on the changes of the effective doping concentration (depletion voltage). Other aspects (reverse current, charge collection) are covered too and the appreciable benefits obtained with DOFZ silicon in radiation tolerance for charged hadrons are outlined. The results are reliably described by the “Hamburg model”: its application to LHC experimental conditions is shown, demonstrating the superiority of the defect engineered silicon. Microscopic aspects of damage effects are also discussed, including differences due to charged and neutral hadron irradiation.
Published: 2001

32. Developments for radiation hard silicon detectors by defect engineering - results by the CERN RD48 (ROSE) Collaboration

Author: Phillip Allport, Francesca Campabadal, Sebastiano Albergo, E. Nossarzewska, P. Zabierowski, B. Dezillie, S. Manolopoulos, K. Gabathuler, T. J. Brodbeck, Lucian Pintilie, M. Wegrzecki, C. Tivarus, J. Fuster, Simon Kwan, A. Kaminsky, V. K. Eremin, M. Hanlon, Stephen Watts, Donato Creanza, D. Zontar, U. Biggeri, Andrew Ivanov, P. N. Ratoff, M. Letheren, Roberto Dell'Orso, Val O'Shea, Manuel Lozano, G. Hughes, J. Wüstenfeld, L. Jungermann, D. Boemi, G. Lutz, Alessia Tricomi, B.K. Jones, Giusy Valvo, Vladimír Linhart, C Martinez, Kevin M. Smith, Guido Tonelli, Vaclav Vrba, T. Budzyński, Demetrios Loukas, F. Hauler, P. Roy, Ettore Focardi, C. Leroy, Luigi Schiavulli, A. Vayaki, S. Heising, Giorgio Fallica, A. Chilingarov, A. Holmes-Siedle, M. Angarano, I. Węgrzecka, A. Pickford, K. Stolze, G. M. Bilei, P.G. Litovchenko, O. Evrard, P. Bartalini, M. Ahmed, I. Siotis, Piotr Grabiec, Mika Huhtinen, T. J. Sloan, Paolo Ciampolini, Ladislav Andricek, J. Wyss, A. Santocchia, C.D. Wilburn, Maurice Glaser, Piero Giorgio Verdini, Arie Ruzin, K. Zankel, Joan Marc Rafi, A. Markou, Gianluigi Casse, Z. Kohout, H. Feick, Geoffrey Hall, B. Sopko, W. De Boer, V. Radicci, Teresa Ligonzo, E. M. Verbitskaya, I. Wilhelm, Shaun Roe, S. Tzamarias, E. Borchi, Gregor Kramberger, B. G. Svensson, Dario Bisello, Mara Bruzzi, D.F. Anderson, Ioana Pintilie, M. J. Costa, Alberto Messineo, M. Solanky, Vincenzo Augelli, E. Catacchini, B. Sundby Avset, W. Slysz, C. Raine, I. Ilyashenko, Luis Fonseca, Eckhart Fretwurst, Paul Clauws, G. Lindström, Z. Luczynski, E. Grigoriev, Eicke R. Weber, M Kuhnke, Renato Potenza, F. Lemeilleur, Petra Riedler, G. Ottaviani, R. Wheadon, A. Vasilescu, Roland Horisberger, Richard Bates, Gavin Davies, M. Miku, Z. Li, Stanislav Pospisil, N. Bacchetta, P. Sicho, B. C. MacEvoy, C. Da Via, M. De Palma, Georgios Fanourakis, G. Parrini, Michael Moll, A.I. Ryazanov, D. Petre, Daniele Passeri, P. Weilhammer, Vladimir Cindro, Robert Richter, R. Wunstorf, P. Burger, and T. Botila
Subjects: Radiation hardness, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Oxygen enrichment, Large Hadron Collider, Consequences for high energy physics applications, Nuclear engineering, Gamma, Detector, silicon detectors, Defect engineering, Improved radiation tolerance by oxygen enrichment, Status report, Silicon detectors, Gamma, neutron, proton- and pion irradiation, Improved radiation tolerance by oxygen enrichment, Annealing studies, Consequences for high energy physics applications, Nuclear physics, proton- and pion irradiation, Annealing studies, Damage effects, Instrumentation
Abstract: This report summarises the final results obtained by the RD48 collaboration. The emphasis is on the more practical aspects directly relevant for LHC applications. The report is based on the comprehensive survey given in the 1999 status report (RD48 3rd Status Report, CERN/LHCC 2000-009, December 1999), a recent conference report (Lindstrom et al. (RD48), and some latest experimental results. Additional data have been reported in the last ROSE workshop (5th ROSE workshop, CERN, CERN/LEB 2000-005). A compilation of all RD48 internal reports and a full publication list can be found on the RD48 homepage (http://cern.ch/RD48/). The success of the oxygen enrichment of FZ-silicon as a highly powerful defect engineering technique and its optimisation with various commercial manufacturers are reported. The focus is on the changes of the effective doping concentration (depletion voltage). The RD48 model for the dependence of radiation effects on fluence, temperature and operational time is verified; projections to operational scenarios for main LHC experiments demonstrate vital benefits. Progress in the microscopic understanding of damage effects as well as the application of defect kinetics models and device modelling for the prediction of the macroscopic behaviour has also been achieved but will not be covered in detail.
Published: 2001

33. Formation of methemoglobin and free radicals in erythrocytes

Author: H, Nohl and K, Stolze
Subjects: Erythrocytes, Free Radicals, Erythrocyte Membrane, Animals, Humans, Methemoglobin
Published: 1999

34. Search for Excited Fermions with the H1 Detector

Author: C. Adloff, S. Aid, M. Anderson, V. Andreev, B. Andrieu, C. Arndt, A. Babaev, J. Bähr, J. Bán, Y. Ban, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, R. Barschke, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, M. Beck, H.P. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, G. Bernardi, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançon, R. Beyer, P. Biddulph, P. Bispham, J.C. Bizot, V. Blobel, K. Borras, F. Botterweck, V. Boudry, A. Braemer, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, W. Brückner, P. Bruel, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, R. Buchholz, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, F.W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, M.J. Burton, D. Calvet, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, M. Charlet, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, B. Clerbaux, S. Cocks, J.G. Contreras, C. Cormack, J.A. Coughlan, A. Courau, M.-C. Cousinou, G. Cozzika, L. Criegee, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, C.L. Davis, B. Delcourt, A. De Roeck, E.A. De Wolf, M. Dirkmann, P. Dixon, P. Di Nezza, W. Dlugosz, C. Dollfus, K.T. Donovan, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, A. Droutskoi, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, W. Erdmann, A.B. Fahr, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, J. Formánek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, F. Gaede, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, A. Glazov, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, K. Golec-Biernat, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, I. Gorelov, C. Grab, H. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, R.K. Griffiths, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, T. Hadig, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, T. Haller, M. Hampel, W.J. Haynes, B. Heinemann, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, I. Herynek, M.F. Hess, K. Hewitt, W. Hildesheim, K.H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, M. Höppner, D. Hoffmann, T. Holtom, R. Horisberger, V.L. Hudgson, M. Hütte, M. Ibbotson, H. Itterbeck, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, D.M. Jansen, T. Jansen, L. Jönsson, D.P. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, M. Kander, D. Kant, R. Kaschowitz, U. Kathage, J. Katzy, H.H. Kaufmann, O. Kaufmann, M. Kausch, S. Kazarian, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, T. Köhler, J.H. Köhne, H. Kolanoski, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, T. Krämerkämper, M.W. Krasny, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, D. Lacour, B. Laforge, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, U. Langenegger, A. Lebedev, F. Lehner, S. Levonian, G. Lindström, M. Lindstroem, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, B. List, G. Lobo, P. Loch, J.W. Lomas, G.C. Lopez, V. Lubimov, D. Lüke, L. Lytkin, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, R. Maraček, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, G. Martin, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, T. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meier, F. Metlica, A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, P.-O. Meyer, A. Migliori, S. Mikocki, D. Milstead, J. Moeck, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, E. Mroczko, D. Müller, G. Müller, K. Müller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, R. Nahnhauer, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, I. Négri, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, H.K. Nguyen, T.C. Nicholls, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, Ch. Niedzballa, H. Niggli, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, T. Nunnemann, M. Nyberg-Werther, M. Oakden, H. Oberlack, J.E. Olsson, D. Ozerov, P. Palmen, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, H. Pawletta, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, A. Pieuchot, D. Pitzl, G. Pope, B. Povh, S. Prell, K. Rabbertz, G. Rädel, P. Reimer, S. Reinshagen, H. Rick, F. Riepenhausen, S. Riess, E. Rizvi, P. Robmann, H.E. Roloff, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, F. Rouse, C. Royon, K. Rüter, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, D.P.C. Sankey, P. Schacht, S. Schiek, S. Schleif, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, L. Schoeffel, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, F. Sefkow, R. Sell, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, P. Smirnov, V. Solochenko, Y. Soloviev, A. Specka, J. Spiekermann, S. Spielman, H. Spitzer, F. Squinabol, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, H. Steiner, J. Steinhart, B. Stella, A. Stellberger, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stößlein, K. Stolze, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P. Sutton, S. Tapprogge, M. Taševský, V. Tchernyshov, S. Tchetchelnitski, J. Theissen, C. Thiebaux, G. Thompson, N. Tobien, R. Todenhagen, P. Truöl, G. Tsipolitis, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, E. Tzamariudaki, P. Uelkes, A. Usik, S. Valkár, A. Valkárová, C. Vallée, D. Vandenplas, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, Y. Vazdik, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, M. Wagener, B. Waugh, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, T. Wengler, M. Werner, L.R. West, T. Wilksen, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, C. Wittek, M. Wobisch, E. Wünsch, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, Z. Zhang, A. Zhokin, P. Zini, F. Zomer, J. Zsembery, K. Zuber, M. zurNedden, Levy, Jean-Michel, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Quark, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Collider, Physics, Gauge boson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Electroweak interaction, HERA, Fermion, Excited state, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino
Abstract: We present a search for excited electrons, neutrinos and quarks using the H1 detector at the $ep$ collider HERA, based on data taken in 1994 with an integrated luminosity of 2.75 pb$^{-1}$. Radiative decays of excited quarks and neutrinos have been investigated as well as decays of excited electrons into all possible electroweak gauge bosons. No evidence for new particle production is found and exclusion limits are derived., Comment: 20 pages, latex, 6 Figures
Published: 1997

35. Low Q$^{2}$ Jet Production at HERA and Virtual Photon Structure

Author: C. Adloff, S. Aid, M. Anderson, V. Andreev, B. Andrieu, V. Arkadov, C. Arndt, I. Ayyaz, A. Babaev, J. Bähr, J. Bán, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, R. Barschke, W. Bartel, U. Bassler, M. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, C. Beier, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, G. Bernardi, G. Bertrand-Coremans, R. Beyer, P. Biddulph, J.C. Bizot, K. Borras, F. Botterweck, V. Boudry, S. Bourov, A. Braemer, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, D.P. Brown, W. Brückner, P. Bruel, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, J. Bürger, F.W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, G. Buschhorn, D. Calvet, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, M. Charlet, D. Clarke, B. Clerbaux, S. Cocks, J.G. Contreras, C. Cormack, J.A. Coughlan, M.-C. Cousinou, B.E. Cox, G. Cozzika, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, A. De Roeck, E.A. De Wolf, B. Delcourt, M. Dirkmann, P. Dixon, W. Dlugosz, K.T. Donovan, J.D. Dowell, A. Droutskoi, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, A.B. Fahr, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, J. Formánek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, F. Gaede, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, R. Gerhards, A. Glazov, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, I. Gorelov, C. Grab, H. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, R.K. Griffiths, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, T. Hadig, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, T. Haller, M. Hampel, W.J. Haynes, B. Heinemann, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, S. Hengstmann, H. Henschel, I. Herynek, M.F. Hess, K. Hewitt, K.H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, M. Höppner, D. Hoffmann, T. Holtom, R. Horisberger, V.L. Hudgson, M. Hütte, M. Ibbotson, Ç. İşsever, H. Itterbeck, M. Jacquet, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, D.M. Jansen, L. Jönsson, D.P. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, M. Kander, D. Kant, U. Kathage, J. Katzy, H.H. Kaufmann, O. Kaufmann, M. Kausch, S. Kazarian, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, J.H. Köhne, H. Kolanoski, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, T. Krämerkämper, M.W. Krasny, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, A. Küpper, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, B. Laforge, R. Lahmann, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, U. Langenegger, A. Lebedev, F. Lehner, V. Lemaitre, S. Levonian, M. Lindstroem, J. Lipinski, B. List, G. Lobo, G.C. Lopez, V. Lubimov, D. Lüke, L. Lytkin, N. Magnussen, H. Mahlke-Krüger, E. Malinovski, R. Maraček, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, G. Martin, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, T. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meier, P. Merkel, F. Metlica, A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, P.-O. Meyer, A. Migliori, S. Mikocki, D. Milstead, J. Moeck, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, E. Mroczko, D. Müller, K. Müller, P. Murı́n, V. Nagovizin, R. Nahnhauer, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, I. Négri, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, H.K. Nguyen, T.C. Nicholls, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, Ch. Niedzballa, H. Niggli, G. Nowak, T. Nunnemann, H. Oberlack, J.E. Olsson, D. Ozerov, P. Palmen, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, S. Passaggio, G.D. Patel, H. Pawletta, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, A. Pieuchot, D. Pitzl, R. Pöschl, G. Pope, B. Povh, K. Rabbertz, P. Reimer, H. Rick, S. Riess, E. Rizvi, P. Robmann, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, F. Rouse, C. Royon, K. Rüter, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, D.P.C. Sankey, P. Schacht, J. Scheins, S. Schiek, S. Schleif, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, L. Schoeffel, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, E. Schuhmann, H.-C. Schultz-Coulon, B. Schwab, F. Sefkow, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, T. Sloan, P. Smirnov, M. Smith, V. Solochenko, Y. Soloviev, A. Specka, J. Spiekermann, S. Spielman, H. Spitzer, F. Squinabol, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, J. Steinhart, B. Stella, A. Stellberger, J. Stiewe, K. Stolze, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P. Sutton, M. Swart, S. Tapprogge, M. Taševský, V. Tchernyshov, S. Tchetchelnitski, J. Theissen, G. Thompson, P.D. Thompson, N. Tobien, R. Todenhagen, P. Truöl, J. Zálešák, G. Tsipolitis, J. Turnau, E. Tzamariudaki, P. Uelkes, A. Usik, S. Valkár, A. Valkárová, C. Vallée, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, D. Vandenplas, Y. Vazdik, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, M. Wagener, R. Wallny, T. Walter, B. Waugh, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, T. Wengler, M. Werner, L.R. West, S. Wiesand, T. Wilksen, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, C. Wittek, M. Wobisch, H. Wollatz, E. Wünsch, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, Z. Zhang, A. Zhokin, P. Zini, F. Zomer, J. Zsembery, M. ZurNedden, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H1, Levy, Jean-Michel, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and H1 Collaboration
Subjects: Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, FOS: Physical sciences, Virtual particle, HERA, Jet (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Transverse plane, law, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Collider, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The transition between photoproduction and deep-inelastic scattering is investigated in jet production at the HERA ep collider, using data collected by the H1 experiment. Measurements of the differential inclusive jet cross-sections dsigep/dEt* and dsigmep/deta*, where Et* and eta* are the transverse energy and the pseudorapidity of the jets in the virtual photon-proton centre of mass frame, are presented for 0 < Q2 < 49 GeV2 and 0.3 < y < 0.6. The interpretation of the results in terms of the structure of the virtual photon is discussed. The data are best described by QCD calculations which include a partonic structure of the virtual photon that evolves with Q2., 20 pages, 5 Figures
Published: 1997

36. Measurement of Charged Particle Transverse Momentum Spectra in Deep Inelastic Scattering

Author: C. Adloff, S. Aid, M. Anderson, V. Andreev, B. Andrieu, A. Babaev, J. Bähr, J. Bán, Y. Ban, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, R. Barschke, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, H.P. Beck, M. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, G. Bernardi, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançon, R. Beyer, P. Biddulph, P. Bispham, J.C. Bizot, V. Blobel, K. Borras, F. Botterweck, V. Boudry, A. Braemer, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, W. Brückner, P. Bruel, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, R. Buchholz, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, F.W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, M.J. Burton, D. Calvet, A.T. Campbell, T. Carli, M. Charlet, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, B. Clerbaux, S. Cocks, J.G. Contreras, C. Cormack, J.A. Coughlan, A. Courau, M.-C. Cousinou, G. Cozzika, L. Criegee, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, C.L. Davis, B. Delcourt, A. De Roeck, E.A. De Wolf, M. Dirkmann, P. Dixon, P. Di Nezza, W. Dlugosz, C. Dollfus, K.T. Donovan, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, A. Droutskoi, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, W. Erdmann, A.B. Fahr, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, J. Formánek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, F. Gaede, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, A. Glazov, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, K. Golec-Biernat, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, I. Gorelov, C. Grab, H. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, R.K. Griffiths, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, T. Hadig, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, T. Haller, M. Hampel, W.J. Haynes, B. Heinemann, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, I. Herynek, M.F. Hess, K. Hewitt, W. Hildesheim, K.H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, M. Höppner, D. Hoffmann, T. Holtom, R. Horisberger, V.L. Hudgson, M. Hütte, M. Ibbotson, H. Itterbeck, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, D.M. Jansen, T. Jansen, L. Jönson, D.P. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, M. Kander, D. Kant, R. Kaschowitz, U. Kathage, J. Katzy, H.H. Kaufmann, O. Kaufmann, M. Kausch, S. Kazarian, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, T. Köhler, J.H. Köhne, H. Kolanoski, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, T. Krämerkämper, M.W. Krasny, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, D. Lacour, B. Laforge, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, U. Langenegger, A. Lebedev, F. Lehner, S. Levonian, G. Lindström, M. Lindstroem, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, B. List, G. Lobo, P Loch, J.W. Lomas, G.C. Lopez, V. Lubimov, D. Liike, L. Lytkin, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, R. Maraček, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, G. Martin, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, T. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meier, F. Metlica, A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, P.-O. Meyer, A. Migliori, S. Mikocki, D. Milstead, J. Moeck, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, E. Mroczko, D. Müller, G. Müller, K. Müller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, R. Nahnhauer, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, I. Négri, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, H.K. Nguyen, T.C. Nicholls, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, Ch. Niedzballa, H. Niggli, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, T Nunnemann, M. Nyberg-Werther, M. Oakden, H. Oberlack, J.E. Olsson, D. Ozerov, P. Palmen, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, H. Pawletta, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, A. Pieuchot, D. Pitzl, G. Pope, B. Povh, S. Prell, K. Rabbertz, G. Rädel, P. Reimer, S. Reinshagen, H. Rick, F. Riepenhausen, S. Riess, E. Rizvi, P. Robmann, P.H.E. Roloff, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, F. Rouse, C. Royon, K. Rüter, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, D.P.C. Sankey, P. Schacht, S. Schiek, S. Schleif, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, L. Schoeffel, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, F. Sefkow, R. Sell, A. Semenovy, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorni, F Smirnov, V. Solochenko, Y. Soloviev, A. Specka, J. Spiekermann, S. Spielman, H. Spitzer, F. Squinabol, F Steffen, F. Steinberg, H. Steiner, J. Steinhart, B. Stella, A. Stellbergr, P.J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stöβlein, K. Stolze, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P. Sutton, S. Tapprogge, M. Tagev̌ský, V. Tchernyshov, S. Tchetchelnitski, J. Theissen, C. Thiebaux, G. Thompson, N. Tobien, R. Todenhagen, P. Truöl, G. Tsipolitis, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, E. Tzamariudaki, P. Uelkes, A. Usik, S. Valkár, A. Valkárová, C. Vallée, D. Vandenplas, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, Y. Vazdik, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, M. Wagener, B. Waugh, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wenger, T. Wengler, M. Werner, L.R. West, T. Wilksen, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, C. Wittek, M. Wobisch, E. Wünsch, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, Z. Zhang, A. Zhokin, P. Zini, F. Zomer, J. Zsembery, K. Zuber, M. zurNedden, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H1, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Parton, HERA, Radiation, Deep inelastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Spectral line, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Collider, Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles produced in deep inelastic scattering are measured as a function of the kinematic variables x_B and Q2 using the H1 detector at the ep collider HERA. The data are compared to different parton emission models, either with or without ordering of the emissions in transverse momentum. The data provide evidence for a relatively large amount of parton radiation between the current and the remnant systems., 21 pages, latex, 7 Figures
Published: 1996

37. A search for leptoquarks at HERA

Author: S. Aid, V. Andreev, B. Andrieu, R.-D. Appuhn, M. Arpagaus, A. Babaev, J. Bähr, J. Bán, Y. Ban, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, R. Barschke, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, H.P. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, G. Bernardi, R. Bernet, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançon, R. Beyer, P. Biddulph, P. Bispham, J.C. Bizot, V. Blobel, K. Borras, F. Botterweck, V. Boudry, A. Braemer, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, R. Buchholz, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, F.W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, M.J. Burton, G. Buschhorn, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, F. Charles, M. Charlet, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, B. Clerbaux, S. Cocks, J.G. Contreras, C. Cormack, J.A. Coughlan, A. Courau, M.-C. Cousinou, Ch. Coutures, G. Cozzika, L. Criegee, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, C.L. Davis, B. Delcourt, L. Del Buono, A. De Roeck, E.A. De Wolf, M. Dirkmann, P. Dixon, P. Di Nezza, W. Dlugosz, C. Dollfus, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, A. Droutskoi, J. Duboc, D. Düllmann, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, R.J. Ellison, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, W. Erdmann, E. Evrard, A.B. Fahr, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, D. Feeken, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, B. Fominykh, M. Forbush, J. Formánek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, F. Gaede, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, A. Gellrich, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, A. Glazov, U. Goerlach, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, K. Golec-Biernat, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, I. Gorelov, C. Grab, H. Grässler, R. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, R. Griffiths, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, J. Haack, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, O. Hamon, M. Hampel, M. Hapke, W.J. Haynes, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, I. Herynek, M.F. Hess, W. Hildesheim, K.H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, K.C. Hoeger, M. Höppner, D. Hoffmann, T. Holtom, R. Horisberger, V.L. Hudgson, M. Hütte, H. Hufnagel, M. Ibbotson, H. Itterbeck, M.-A. Jabiol, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, T. Jansen, L. Jönsson, K. Johannsen, D.P. Johnson, L. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, M. Kander, D. Kant, R. Kaschowitz, U. Kathage, J. Katzy, H.H. Kaufmann, S. Kazarian, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, W. Ko, T. Köhler, J.H. Köhne, H. Kolanoski, F. Kole, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, M. Korn, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, T. Krämerkämper, M.W. Krasny, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, U. Krüger, U. Krüner-Marquis, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, D. Lacour, B. Laforge, F. Lamarche, R. Lander, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, U. Langenegger, P. Lanius, J.-F. Laporte, A. Lebedev, F. Lehner, C. Leverenz, S. Levonian, Ch. Ley, G. Lindström, M. Lindstroem, J. Link, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, B. List, G. Lobo, P. Loch, H. Lohmander, J.W. Lomas, G.C. Lopez, V. Lubimov, D. Lüke, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, S. Mani, R. Maraček, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, G. Martin, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, S. Masson, T. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meier, T. Merz, A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, P.-O. Meyer, A. Migliori, S. Mikocki, D. Milstead, J. Moeck, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, E. Mroczko, D. Müller, G. Müller, K. Müller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, R. Nahnhauer, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, D. Neyret, H.K. Nguyen, T.C. Nicholls, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, Ch. Niedzballa, H. Niggli, R. Nisius, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, M. Nyberg-Werther, M. Oakden, H. Oberlack, U. Obrock, J.E. Olsson, D. Ozerov, P. Palmen, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, H. Pawletta, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, A. Pieuchot, D. Pitzl, G. Pope, S. Prell, R. Prosi, K. Rabbertz, G. Rädel, F. Raupach, P. Reimer, S. Reinshagen, H. Rick, V. Riech, J. Riedlberger, F. Riepenhausen, S. Riess, M. Rietz, E. Rizvi, S.M. Robertson, P. Robmann, H.E. Roloff, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, F. Rouse, C. Royon, K. Rüter, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, N. Sahlmann, D.P.C. Sankey, P. Schacht, S. Schiek, S. Schleif, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, F. Sefkow, M. Seidel, R. Sell, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, P. Smirnov, J.R. Smith, V. Solochenko, Y. Soloviev, A. Specka, J. Spiekermann, S. Spielman, H. Spitzer, F. Squinabol, R. Starosta, M. Steenbock, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, H. Steiner, B. Stella, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stößlein, K. Stolze, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P. Sutton, S. Tapprogge, M. Taševský, V. Tchernyshov, S. Tchetchelnitski, J. Theissen, C. Thiebaux, G. Thompson, P. Truöl, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, P. Uelkes, A. Usik, S. Valkár, A. Valkárová, C. Vallée, D. Vandenplas, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, Y. Vazdik, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, M. Wagener, A. Walther, B. Waugh, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, H.P. Wellisch, L.R. West, T. Wilksen, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, C. Wittek, E. Wünsch, T.P. Yiou, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, Z. Zhang, A. Zhokin, M. Zimmer, F. Zomer, J. Zsembery, K. Zuber, M. zurNedden, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), H1, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Coupling, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Yukawa potential, FOS: Physical sciences, HERA, Type (model theory), 01 natural sciences, Standard Model, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Leptoquark, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Lepton
Abstract: A search for leptoquarks at HERA was performed in H1 using 1994 $e^+ p$ data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about $3 \pb^{-1}$. Single leptoquarks were searched for in direct positron-quark fusion processes taking into account possible decays into lepton-quark pairs of either the first, the second, or the third generation. No significant deviation from the Standard Model predictions is found in the various final states studied and mass dependent exclusion limits are derived on the Yukawa couplings of the leptoquarks. Compared with earlier results from an analysis of $e^-p$ data, exclusion limits are considerably improved for leptoquarks which could be produced via $e^+$-{\it valence~quark} fusion. For leptoquarks with lepton flavour conserving couplings, masses up to $275 \GeV$ (depending on the leptoquark type) are excluded for coupling values larger than $\sqrt{ 4 \pi \alpha_{em}}$. For leptoquarks with lepton flavour violating couplings, masses up to $225 \GeV$ are excluded for the first time in a direct search for couplings with leptons of the second or third generation larger than $\sqrt{ 4 \pi \alpha_{em}}$. Fourteen possible combinations of couplings are studied and stringent exclusion limits comparable or better than any existing direct or indirect limits are obtained for each leptoquark type., Comment: 16 pages, latex, 4 figures appended as uuencoded file
Published: 1996

38. Leptoquarks and Compositeness Scales from a Contact Interaction Analysis of Deep Inelastic $e^\pm \, p$ Scattering at HERA

Author: J. Feltesse, S. Levonian, M. Wagener, M. Korn, K. Flamm, J. Žáček, R. Buchholz, R. M. Martin, David Milstead, G. Weber, U. Straumann, A. Meyer, P. A. Smirnov, Steve McMahon, P. I. P. Kalmus, J. Riedlberger, S. Mani, H. P. Beck, A. Braemer, V. Korbel, J. Martens, Th. Naumann, K. Rosenbauer, Stephen Burke, Gianfranco Sciacca, Murrough Landon, Armen Vartapetian, M. Oakden, H. Duhm, J. V. Morris, G. Schmidt, J. Janoth, A. E. Wright, F. Kole, Dusan Bruncko, U. Stößlein, F. Linsel, J. Heatherington, J. Garvey, F. Zomer, D. Newton, S. M. Robertson, P. Lanius, Markus Seidel, A. Glazov, V. Tchernyshov, E. Gabathuler, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, Daniel Pitzl, A. Rostovtsev, H. Meyer, S. Kermiche, K. Gabathuler, A. Buniatian, L. Del Buono, A. M. Fomenko, H. Genzel, Volker Blobel, V. Andreev, G. Thompson, V.L. Hudgson, V. Lubimov, Stephen Maxfield, K. C. Hoeger, T.C. Nicholls, M. Hütte, S. K. Kotelnikov, A. Droutskoi, C. Keuker, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, M. Forbush, T. Greenshaw, L. Hajduk, M. J. Burton, J.P. Phillips, M. David, Klaus Rabbertz, V. Riech, S. Reinshagen, S. Tapprogge, H. Ehrlichmann, D. Düllmann, L. R. West, W.D. Dau, J. B. Dainton, R. Maraček, L. N. Shtarkov, Benno List, Didier Lacour, G. Pope, H. Itterbeck, W. von Schlippe, J. Stiewe, P. Van Mechelen, H. Henschel, S. Spielman, A. B. Clegg, R. Rylko, Andrew Mehta, Yves Sirois, I. R. Kenyon, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, S. Eichenberger, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, A. Panitch, T. Merz, M. Hapke, F. Lehner, D. Lüke, H. Spitzer, Christophe Royon, Paul Richard Newman, Grzegorz Nowak, C. Jacobsson, P. Van Esch, M. Arpagaus, E. Wünsch, V. Efremenko, Dave Sankey, Claus Kleinwort, Barbara Clerbaux, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, J. Lipinski, J. Bähr, Winston Ko, P. Baranov, G. Franke, N. Gogitidze, C. Pascaud, Peter Schleper, E. Evrard, K. Rüter, C. Niebuhr, W. Hildesheim, A. Courau, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, T. Krämerkämper, Jean-Arcady Meyer, C. A. Meyer, G. D. Patel, Guenter Eckerlin, André Schöning, M. Flieser, R. Gerhards, S. Mikocki, S. Willard, Marc Besancon, D. Goldner, J. Stier, Y. Soloviev, J. W. Lomas, A. Gruber, A. Migliori, G. Martin, I. Sheviakov, J. M. Link, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, A.S. Belousov, Sergey Rusakov, David Schmidt, B. Delcourt, J. Marks, Y. Vazdik, P. Truöl, U. Krüger, Daniel Johnson, R. Nisius, A. Gellrich, R. Roosen, P. E. Reimer, C. Cormack, C. Leverenz, G. Bertrand-Coremans, K. Daum, M. Winde, A. Lebedev, S. Egli, Gregorio Bernardi, V. Boudry, P. Goritchev, P. Uelkes, J. Martyniak, L. Johnson, S. Dagoret, F. Lamarche, O. Hamon, L. Goerlich, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, Anton Babaev, G. G. Winter, M. Nyberg-Werther, B. Fominykh, M. Charlet, P. Loch, K. Rybicki, L. Criegee, C. Thiebaux, J. Ebert, J. Spiekermann, V. Solochenko, U. Kathage, R. Starosta, G. Cozzika, J. Strachota, T. R. Ebert, R. Bernet, Christoph Grab, H. E. Roloff, F. Eisele, V. Brisson, Yong Ban, N. Magnussen, J. Ferencei, V I. Shekelyan, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, Wolfram Erdmann, Eram Rizvi, G. Heinzelmann, M. Fleischer, Emmanuelle Perez, G. Lobo, J. Formánek, Stefan Valkar, E. Mroczko, M. Gebauer, F. Sefkow, J. R. Smith, E. Eisenhandler, P. Verrecchia, P. Steffen, Ch. Ley, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, M. zurNedden, N. Sahlmann, E. Schuhmann, Eckhart Fretwurst, H. Küster, Hannes Jung, D. Neyret, T. Mavroidis, D. Vandenplas, Alexander Zhokin, Leif J. Jönsson, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, John A Coughlan, G. Knies, Horst Oberlack, A. Wagener, S. Schiek, P. Biddulph, V. Schröder, R. Nahnhauer, E. Barrelet, David Cussans, C. Kiesling, A. De Roeck, A. J. Campbell, B. Schwab, Pavel Murin, H. Grässler, M. Ibbotson, H. Lohmander, A. Wegner, M. A. Jabiol, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, J. Duboc, B. Stella, E. A. De Wolf, Ch. Berger, Karlheinz Meier, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, P. Bispham, T. Kurča, D. Zarbock, H. P. Wellisch, U. Bassler, Martin Erdmann, C. Wittek, L. Büngener, H. Hufnagel, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, J. M. Foster, Max Weber, D. Feeken, E. Panaro, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, I. Herynek, S. Aid, R. Barschke, U. Obrock, C.D. Hilton, J.G. Contreras, P. Ribarics, R. Felst, K. Zuber, R. Eichler, J. Haack, Laurent Favart, T. Carli, G. W. Noyes, J. Cvach, Ch. Niedzballa, C. Dollfus, G. Müller, F. Niebergall, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, Carl R. Brune, M. Barth, F. Rouse, D. Mercer, Ulrich Goerlach, R. Marshall, S. Masson, Dirk Krücker, H. Krehbiel, Zhen Zhang, G. Buschhorn, D. Ozerov, H. U. Martyn, Matthias Klein, A. Usik, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, A. Walther, F. W. Büsser, W. Zimmermann, W. Braunschweig, R. Sell, S. Kazarian, U. Siewert, U. Krüner-Marquis, M. Zimmer, Jean-Francois Laporte, Frank Raupach, N. Wulff, P. Kasselmann, K. H. Hiller, R. C. W. Henderson, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, R. Prosi, C. Vallée, M. Höppner, K. Stolze, S. Prell, R. D. Appuhn, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, G. Siegmon, R. L. Lander, R. Kaschowitz, J. H. Köhne, Roland Horisberger, A. Valkárová, R. Beyer, S. Riess, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, J. D. Dowell, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, A. Jacholkowska, P. Hill, J. Bán, G. Grindhammer, S. D. Kolya, D. Kant, Kerstin Borras, A. Semenov, F. Brasse, T. Jansen, F. Charles, J. Katzy, H. Rick, G. Rädel, M. F. Hess, P. Kostka, M. Hampel, B. Kuznik, R. J. Ellison, Ph. Huet, J. Turnau, Ch. Pichler, S. Schleif, M. Steenbock, J. P. Sutton, P. Di Nezza, B. Andrieu, Wolfgang Lange, J. Gayler, Peter Robmann, O. Dünger, and F. Botterweck
Subjects: Quark, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Scattering, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Hadron, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Form factor (quantum field theory), FOS: Physical sciences, HERA, Standard Model, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Lepton
Abstract: A contact interaction analysis is presented to search for new phenomena beyond the Standard Model in deep inelastic $e^\pm p \rightarrow e^\pm \, hadrons$ scattering. The data are collected with the H1 detector at HERA and correspond to integrated luminosities of $0.909 \ {\rm pb}^{-1}$ and $2.947 \ {\rm pb}^{-1}$ for electron and positron beams, respectively. The differential cross sections $d\sigma / dQ^2$ are measured in the $Q^2$ range bet\-ween $160 \ \GeV^2$ and $20,000 \ \GeV^2$. The absence of any significant deviation from the Standard Model prediction is used to constrain the couplings and masses of new leptoquarks and to set limits on electron--quark compositeness scales and on the radius of light quarks., Comment: 16 pages, latex, 2 figures appended as uuencoded file
Published: 1995

39. Inclusive parton cross sections in photoproduction and photon structure

Author: T. Ahmed, S. Aid, V. Andreev, B. Andrieu, R.-D. Appuhn, M. Arpagaus, A. Babaev, J. Baehr, J. Bán, Y. Ban, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, H.P. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, G. Bernardi, R. Bernet, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançon, R. Beyer, P. Biddulph, P. Bispham, J.C. Bizot, V. Blobel, K. Borras, F. Botterweck, V. Boudry, A. Braemer, F. Brasse, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, R. Buchholz, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, F.W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, M. Burton, G. Buschhorn, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, F. Charles, M. Charlet, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, B. Clerbaux, M. Colombo, J.G. Contreras, C. Cormack, J.A. Coughlan, A. Courau, Ch. Coutures, G. Cozzika, L. Criegee, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, B. Delcourt, L. Del Buono, A. De Roeck, E.A. De Wolf, P. Di Nezza, C. Dollfus, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, A. Droutskoi, J. Duboc, D. Düllmann, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, H. Ehrlichmann, S. Eichenberger, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, R.J. Ellison, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, W. Erdmann, E. Evrard, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, D. Feeken, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, B. Fominykh, M. Forbush, J. Formánek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, K. Gamerdinger, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, A. Gellrich, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, U. Goerlach, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, I. Gorelov, P. Goritchev, C. Grab, H. Grässler, R. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, J. Haack, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, O. Hamon, M. Hampel, E.M. Hanlon, M. Hapke, W.J. Haynes, J. Heatherington, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, I. Herynek, M.F. Hess, W. Hildesheim, P. Hill, K.H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, K.C. Hoeger, M. Höppner, R. Horisberger, V.L. Hudgson, Ph. Huet, M. Hütte, H. Hufnagel, M. Ibbotson, H. Itterbeck, M.-A. Jabiol, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, T. Jansen, L. Jönsson, D.P. Johnson, L. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, D. Kant, R. Kaschowitz, P. Kasselmann, U. Kathage, J. Katzy, H.H. Kaufmann, S. Kazarian, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, W. Ko, T. Köhler, J.H. Köhne, H. Kolanoski, F. Kole, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, M. Korn, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, T. Krämerkämper, M.W. Krasny, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, U. Krüger, U. Krüner-Marquis, J.P. Kubenka, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, B. Kuznik, D. Lacour, F. Lamarche, R. Lander, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, P. Lanius, J.-F. Laporte, A. Lebedev, C. Leverenz, S. Levonian, Ch. Ley, A. Lindner, G. Lindström, J. Link, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, B. List, G. Lobo, P. Loch, H. Lohmander, J. Lomas, G.C. Lopez, V. Lubimov, D. Lüke, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, S. Mani, R. Maraček, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, S. Masson, T. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meier, D. Mercer, T. Merz, C.A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, A. Migliori, S. Mikocki, D. Milstead, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, E. Mroczko, G. Müller, K. Müller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, R. Nahnhauer, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, D. Neyret, H.K. Nguyen, T.C. Nicholls, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, Ch. Niedzballa, R. Nisius, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, M. Nyberg-Werther, M. Oakden, H. Oberlack, U. Obrock, J.E. Olsson, D. Ozerov, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, Ch. Pichler, A. Pieuchot, D. Pitzl, G. Pope, S. Prell, R. Prosi, K. Rabbertz, G. Rädel, F. Raupach, P. Reimer, S. Reinshagen, P. Ribarics, H. Rick, V. Riech, J. Riedlberger, S. Riess, M. Rietz, E. Rizvi, S.M. Robertson, P. Robmann, H.E. Roloff, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, F. Rouse, C. Royon, K. Rüter, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, R. Rylko, N. Sahlmann, S.G. Salesch, E. Sanchez, D.P.C. Sankey, P. Schacht, S. Schiek, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, C. Schmidt, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, A. Schwind, F. Sefkow, M. Seidel, R. Sell, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, H. Shooshtari, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, P. Smirnov, J.R. Smith, V. Solochenko, Y. Soloviev, J. Spiekermann, S. Spielman, H. Spitzer, R. Starosta, M. Steenbock, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, B. Stella, K. Stephens, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stösslein, K. Stolze, J. Strachota, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P. Sutton, S. Tapprogge, V. Tchernyshov, C. Thiebaux, G. Thompson, P. Truöl, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, P. Uelkes, A. Usik, S. Valkár, A. Valkárová, C. Vallée, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, A. Vartapetian, Y. Vazdik, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, M. Wagener, I.W. Walker, A. Walther, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, H.P. Wellisch, L.R. West, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, C. Wittek, A.E. Wright, E. Wünsch, N. Wulff, T.P. Yiou, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, Z. Zhang, A. Zhokin, M. Zimmer, W. Zimmermann, F. Zomer, K. Zuber, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H1, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Starita, Sabine
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Parton, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Momentum, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Factorization, 0103 physical sciences, Bibliography, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, HERA, Gluon, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: Photoproduction of 2-jet events is studied with the H1 detector at HERA. Parton cross sections are extracted from the data by an unfolding method using leading order parton-jet correlations of a QCD generator. The gluon distribution in the photon is derived in the fractional momentum range $0.04\le x_\gamma \le 1$ at the average factorization scale $75$ GeV$^2$., Comment: 23 pages, latex, 10 figures appended as uuencoded file, misprint corrected
Published: 1995

40. A Direct Determination of the Gluon Density in the Proton at Low x

Author: C. A. Meyer, H. U. Martyn, A. Gruber, L. Goerlich, P. E. Reimer, Paul Richard Newman, C. Jacobsson, C. Vallée, C. Cormack, Alan Campbell, J. Feltesse, G. G. Winter, K. Rüter, C. Niebuhr, S. Egli, R. D. Appuhn, G. Grindhammer, Ch. Ley, P. Steffen, Max Klein, R. Buchholz, E. Evrard, D. Goldner, Y. Soloviev, Stefan Tapprogge, J. H. Köhne, R. Maraček, J-P. Meyer, M. W. Krasny, David Milstead, P. A. Smirnov, K. Meier, A. Wagener, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, W. von Schlippe, J. Žáček, B. Delcourt, D. Zarbock, H. P. Wellisch, Max Weber, U. Kathage, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, T. Merz, M. Ibbotson, T. Carli, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, E. Eisenhandler, Christoph Grab, I. Sheviakov, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, C. Leverenz, A. Fedotox, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, V.L. Hudgson, E. Gabathuler, I. R. Kenyon, K. Gabathuler, A. Buniatian, J. Stiewe, K. C. Hoeger, T.C. Nicholls, J. Spiekermann, O. Hamon, K. Rosenbauer, I. O. Skillicorn, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, R. Roosen, J. Martens, H. Spitzer, U. Krüger, S. Dagoret, R. Rylko, Andrew Mehta, N. Gogitidze, Armen Vartapetian, R. Nahnhauer, E. Barrelet, S. Mani, H. P. Beck, David Cussans, Stephen Burke, R. Nisius, V. Riech, M. Hapke, R. J. Ellison, L. R. West, S. Spielman, T. Köhler, F. Kole, U. Stößlein, E. A. De Wolf, Ch. Berger, D. Schmidt, Martin Erdmann, G. Thompson, D. Düllmann, J. Ferencei, V I. Shekelyan, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, V. Efremenko, C. Wittek, U. Obrock, L. Büngener, D. Kant, Kerstin Borras, A. Semenov, F. Niebergall, V. Korbel, A. Droutskoi, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, G. Bertrand-Coremans, S. Schiek, Peter Robmann, M. zur Nedden, W.D. Dau, P. Goritchev, J. B. Dainton, R. Bernet, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, I. Herynek, Wolfram Erdmann, G. C. Lopez, S. Mikocki, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, A. Wegner, R. Gerhards, H. E. Roloff, J. Ebert, R. C. W. Henderson, F. Brasse, J. R. Smith, J.P. Phillips, Stefan Valkar, D. Neyret, F. W. Büsser, E. Panaro, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, S. Eichenberger, W. Braunschweig, T. Mavroidis, A. Meyer, Hannes Jung, Alexander Zhokin, V. Boudry, R. Eichler, Leif J. Jönsson, C. Thiebaux, S. J. Maxfield, K. Zuber, Anton Babaev, R. Sell, S. Kazarian, J. Bähr, Gianfranco Sciacca, F. Zomer, A. Lebedev, M. Oakden, J. Strachota, L. Del Buono, L. Criegee, J. Cvach, Ch. Niedzballa, G. W. Noyes, U. Siewert, U. Krüner-Marquis, O. Dünger, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, M. Zimmer, H. Lohmander, D. Feeken, F. Botterweck, Dusan Bruncko, S. Kermiche, F. Ferrarotto, S. Rusakov, J. Formánek, H. Genzel, H. Ehrlichmann, W. Hildesheim, Yves Sirois, E. Mroczko, M. Gebauer, D. Vandenplas, Eram Rizvi, G. Heinzelmann, S. Willard, J. Lipinski, G. Franke, Zhen Zhang, A. Lindner, J. Janoth, V. Lubimox, M. Fleischer, P. Van Esch, Volker Blobel, Vladimir Andreev, Wolfgang Lange, E. Elsen, C. Keuker, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, M. Winde, H. Küster, A. Usik, H. Oberlack, P. Uelkes, L. Johnson, Klaus Rabbertz, A. B. Clegg, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, M. Colombo, J. V. Morris, G. Schmidt, A. Courau, Murrough Landon, S. J. McMahon, B. Schwab, J. Duboc, B. Stella, A. E. Wright, N. Wulff, J. W. Lomas, M. Forbush, H. Krehbiel, S. Reinshagen, C. Kiesling, Pavel Murin, V. Brisson, H. Grässler, P. Kasselmann, A. Pieuchot, A. Migliori, G. Buschhorn, G. Müller, D. Ozerov, Carl R. Brune, M. Barth, R. Barschke, M. Höppner, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, S. Prell, Daniel Pitzl, D. Lüke, E. Wünsch, F. Rouse, Dave Sankey, H. Itterbeck, P. Van Mechelen, M. Arpagaus, K. Rybicki, Ulrich Goerlach, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, G. D. Patel, H. Meyer, Richard Lander, D.P. Johnson, G. Martin, F. Lamarche, J. P. Sutton, R. D. Martin, Didier Lacour, G. Pope, P. Di Nezza, K. Daum, L. N. Shtarkov, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, G. Knies, P. Bispham, J. Gayler, John A Coughlan, J. F. Laporte, A. Panitch, G. Nowak, F. Lehner, C. Yoyon, J. Haack, J. Riedlberger, H. B. Dreis, R. Marshall, S. Levonian, Dirk Krücker, S. M. Robertson, M. Wagener, M. Hütte, K. Flamm, P. Verrecchia, A. Braemer, A. Walther, T. Jansen, W. Zimmermann, H. Rick, P. I. P. Kalmus, G. Rädel, V. Solochenko, Yong Ban, N. Magnussen, M. Hampel, B. Kuznik, N. Sahlmann, E. Schuhmann, Ph. Huet, P. Biddulph, M. A. Jabiol, U. Bassler, P. Ribarics, R. Felst, J. M. Foster, Ch. Pichler, S. Schleif, G. Siegmon, P. Baranov, Peter Schleper, R. Beyer, T. Krämerkämper, Marc Besancon, A.S. Belousov, P. Truöl, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, J. D. Dowell, J. Martyniak, B. Fominykh, Emmanuelle Perez, G. Lobo, A. Jacholkowska, H. Hufnagel, K. H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J.G. Contreras, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, R. Prosi, K. Stolze, R. Kaschowitz, M. Nyberg-Werther, Roland Horisberger, A. Valkárová, S. Riess, S. Aid, P. Hill, J. Bán, T. R. Ebert, F. Raupach, D. Mercer, Günter Flügge, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, T. P. Yiou, S. Masson, F. Charles, J. Katzy, M. F. Hess, P. Loch, J. Turnau, A. De Roeck, M. Steenbock, V. Schröder, H. H. Kaufmann, B. Andrieu, A. Gellrich, Benno List, Barbara Clerbaux, J. M. Link, H. Henschel, T. Kurča, S. D. Kolya, Th. Naumann, H. Duhm, P. Kostka, B. Naroska, Winston Ko, E. Fretwurst, M. David, F. Linsel, Tim Greenshaw, J. Heatherington, D. Newton, C. Pascaud, P. Lanius, Markus Seidel, A. Glazov, V. Tchernyshov, Guenter Eckerlin, André Schöning, M. Korn, G. Weber, U. Straumann, P. Schacht, M. Flieser, G. Bernardi, J. Stier, J. Marks, Y. Vazdik, M. Charlet, R. Starosta, F. Sefkow, J. Garvey, A. M. Fomenko, M. J. Burton, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H1, and Starita, Sabine
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Lattice, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Momentum, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Statistical analysis, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, HERA, 3. Good health, Gluon, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics
Abstract: A leading order determination of the gluon density in the proton has been performed in the fractional momentum range $1.9 \cdot 10^{-3} < x_{g/p} < 0.18$ by measuring multi-jet events from boson-gluon fusion in deep-inelastic scattering with the H1 detector at the electron-proton collider HERA. This direct determination of the gluon density was performed in a kinematic region previously not accessible. The data show a considerable increase of the gluon density with decreasing fractional momenta of the gluons., 19 pages, latex, 5 figures appended as uuencoded file
Published: 1995
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41. First measurement of the deep-inelastic structure of proton diffraction

Author: T. Ahmed, S. Aid, V. Andreev, B. Andrieu, R.-D. Appuhn, M. Arpagaus, A. Babaev, J. Baehr, J. Bán, Y. Ban, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, H.P. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, G. Bernardi, R. Bernet, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançon, R. Beyer, P. Biddulph, P. Bispham, J.C. Bizot, V. Blobel, K. Borras, F. Botterweck, V. Boudry, A. Braemer, F. Brasse, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, R. Buchholz, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, F.W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, M. Burton, G. Buschhorn, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, F. Charles, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, B. Clerbaux, M. Colombo, J.G. Contreras, C. Cormack, J.A. Coughlan, A. Courau, Ch. Coutures, G. Cozzika, L. Criegee, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, E. Deffur, B. Delcourt, L. Del Buono, A. De Roeck, E.A. De Wolf, P. Di Nezza, C. Dollfus, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, A. Droutskoi, J. Duboc, D. Düllmann, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, H. Ehrlichmann, S. Eichenberger, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, R.J. Ellison, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, W. Erdmann, E. Evrard, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, D. Feeken, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, M. Forbush, J. Formánek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, K. Gamerdinger, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, A. Gellrich, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, U. Goerlach, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, I. Gorelov, P. Goritchev, C. Grab, H. Grässler, R. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, J. Haack, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, O. Hamon, M. Hampel, E.M. Hanlon, M. Hapke, W.J. Haynes, J. Heatherington, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, I. Herynek, M.F. Hess, W. Hildesheim, P. Hill, K.H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, K.C. Hoeger, M. Höppner, R. Horisberger, V.L. Hudgson, Ph. Huet, M. Hütte, H. Hufnagel, M. Ibbotson, H. Itterbeck, M.-A. Jabiol, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, T. Jansen, L. Jönsson, D.P. Johnson, L. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, D. Kant, R. Kaschowitz, P. Kasselmann, U. Kathage, J. Katzy, H.H. Kaufmann, S. Kazarian, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, W. Ko, T. Köhler, J.H. Köhne, H. Kolanoski, F. Kole, S.D. Kolva, V. Korbel, M. Korn, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, T. Krämerkämper, M.W. Krasny, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, U. Krüger, U. Krüner-Marquis, J.P. Kubenka, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, B. Kuznik, D. Lacour, F. Lamarche, R. Lander, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, P. Lanius, J.-F. Laporte, A. Lebedev, C. Leverenz, S. Levonian, Ch. Ley, A. Lindner, G. Lindström, J. Link, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, B. List, G. Lobo, P. Loch, H. Lohmander, J. Lomas, G.C. Lopez, V. Lubimov, D. Lüke, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, S. Mani, R. Maraček, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, S. Masson, T. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meier, D. Mercer, T. Merz, C.A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, S. Mikocki, D. Milstead, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, E. Mroczko, G. Müller, K. Müller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, R. Nahnhauer, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, D. Neyret, H.K. Nguyen, T.C. Nicholls, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, Ch. Niedzballa, R. Nisius, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, M. Nyberg-Werther, M. Oakden, H. Oberlack, U. Obrock, J.E. Olsson, D. Ozerov, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, Ch. Pichler, D. Pitzl, G. Pope, S. Prell, R. Prosi, K. Rabbertz, G. Rädel, F. Raupach, P. Reimer, S. Reinshagen, P. Ribarics, H. Rick, V. Riech, J. Riedlberger, S. Riess, M. Rietz, E. Rizvi, S.M. Robertson, P. Robmann, H.E. Roloff, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, F. Rouse, C. Royon, K. Rüter, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, R. Rylko, N. Sahlmann, E. Sanchez, D.P.C. Sankey, P. Schacht, S. Schiek, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, C. Schmidt, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, A. Schwind, F. Sefkow, M. Seidel, R. Sell, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, H. Shooshtari, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, P. Smirnov, J.R. Smith, V. Solochenko, Y. Soloviev, J. Spiekermann, H. Spitzer, R. Starosta, M. Steenbock, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, B. Stella, K. Stephens, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stösslein, K. Stolze, J. Strachota, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P. Sutton, S. Tapprogge, R.E. Taylor, V. Tchernyshov, C. Thiebaux, G. Thompson, P. Truöl, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, P. Uelkes, A. Usik, S. Valkár, A. Valkárová, C. Vallée, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, A. Vartapetian, Y. Vazdik, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, M. Wagener, I.W. Walker, A. Walther, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, H.P. Wellisch, L.R. West, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, C. Wittek, A.E. Wright, E. Wünsch, N. Wulff, T.P. Yiou, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, Z. Zhang, A. Zhokin, M. Zimmer, W. Zimmermann, F. Zomer, K. Zuber, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Diffraction, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, HERA, Scale invariance, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Cross section (physics), Pomeron, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract: A measurement is presented, using data taken with the H1 detector at HERA, of the contribution of diffractive interactions to deep-inelastic electron-proton scattering. The diffractive contribution to the proton structure function is evaluated as a function of the appropriate deep-inelastic scattering variables using a class of deep-inelastic ep scattering events with no hadronic energy flow in an interval of pseudo-rapidity adjacent to the proton beam direction. The dependence of this contribution on x-pomeron is consistent with both a diffractive interpretation and a factorisable ep diffractive cross section. A first measurement of the deep-inelastic structure of the pomeron in the form of a factorised structure function is presented. This structure function is observed to be consistent with scale invariance., 16 pages, latex, including 3 figures
Published: 1995

42. A study of the fragmentation of quarks in $e^-p$ collisions at Hera

Author: J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, M. Oakden, F. Kole, F. W. Büsser, H. Meyer, W. Braunschweig, S. Levonian, R. Sell, S. Kazarian, U. Krüner-Marquis, M. Wagener, K. C. Hoeger, T.C. Nicholls, U. Siewert, J. V. Morris, M. Zimmer, J. Gayler, S. Aid, L. Del Buono, G. Schmidt, T. Jansen, E. Fretwurst, V. Andreev, H. Rick, Jean-Francois Laporte, G. Rädel, H. Shooshtari, V. Riech, M. Hampel, B. Kuznik, K. Flamm, Ph. Huet, Ch. Pichler, E. Evrard, C. A. Meyer, R. M. Martin, E. Sanchez, M. Hapke, Wolfram Erdmann, A. Gruber, J. H. Köhne, P. Loch, P. I. P. Kalmus, A. Schwind, Ch. Ley, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, R. Maraček, H. Ehrlichmann, M. Nyberg-Werther, E. Malinovski, W. von Schlippe, J. Martens, D. Mercer, A. Braemer, K. Daum, R. Roosen, B. Delcourt, H. Krehbiel, M. Kuhlen, R. D. Appuhn, Frank Raupach, C. Niebuhr, G. Thompson, T. Merz, G. Grindhammer, U. Stösslein, M. Höppner, S. Prell, Daniel Johnson, Jean-Arcady Meyer, G. Buschhorn, D. Lüke, S. Masson, J. Martyniak, N. Magnussen, D. Feeken, A. Wagener, G. Bertrand-Coremans, C. Leverenz, V. Lubimov, W. Lange, W. Ko, W. Hildesheim, G. Knies, J. Lipinski, D. Goldner, N. Wulff, D. Ozerov, T. R. Ebert, R. Nahnhauer, O. Hamon, A. Fedotov, K. Rosenbauer, Günter Flügge, Y. Soloviev, G. Franke, R. Gerhards, B. Fominykh, Emmanuelle Perez, E. Wünsch, Dave Sankey, T. P. Yiou, H. Spitzerx, J. R. Smith, A. Gellrich, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, G. Pope, R. J. Ellison, Martin Erdmann, P. Verrecchia, V. Schröder, R. Bernet, J. Janoth, U. Obrock, F. Niebergall, C. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, P. Di Nezza, I. W. Walker, H. K. Nguyen, P. Uelkes, L. Johnson, A. Wegner, G. D. Patel, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, P. Bispham, S. Schiek, J. Haack, L. N. Shtarkov, J. M. Foster, A. Panitch, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, E. Barrelet, G. Nowak, David Cussans, S. Tapprogge, M. Charlet, R. Starosta, Mario David, F. Lamarche, C. Kiesling, W.D. Dau, H. E. Roloff, J. B. Dainton, V. Solochenko, E. Panaro, J. Kurzhöfer, D. Düllmann, P. Goritchev, F. Sefkow, K. Gamerdinger, Peter Robmann, C. Cormack, E. M. Hanlon, S. Reinshagen, L. Criegee, Christoph Grab, A. De Roeck, M. Colombo, A. Courau, C. Gruber, A. J. Campbell, H. Henschel, H. U. Martyn, Matthias Klein, V. Nagovizin, G. G. Winter, R. Nisius, David Schmidt, T. Mavroidis, Murrough Landon, M. Arpagaus, E. A. De Wolf, Ch. Berger, K. Stephens, K. Rybicki, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, R. Eichler, E. Peppel, Karlheinz Meier, Fabian Zomer, K. Zuber, C. Wittek, G. Lindström, T. Krdmerkämper, A. E. Wright, Christophe Royon, K. Rütter, F. Charles, J. Katzy, J. P. Kubenka, L. Jönson, H. Lohmander, N. Sahlmann, A. Jacholkowska, E. Schuhmann, P. Steffen, J. Formánek, A. Pieuchot, E. Mroczko, M. Gebauer, Benno List, A. Lebedev, S. Egli, T. Kurča, F. Rouse, Armen Vartapetian, Barbara Clerbaux, Zhen Zhang, P. Biddulph, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, Peter Schacht, G. W. Noyes, G. C. Lopez, S. Willard, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, L. Büngener, M. F. Hess, J. Cvach, Ch. Niedzballa, I. Herynek, O. Dünger, M. Forbush, M. A. Jabiol, A. Walther, Stefan Valkar, C. Pascaud, D. Zarbock, F. Botterweck, H. Itterbeck, P. Van Mechelen, H. P. Wellisch, Max Weber, H. Hufnagel, J. Žáček, I. Sheviakov, M. Flieser, Guenter Eckerlin, André Schöning, T. Carli, W. Zimmermann, Eram Rizvi, A. Rostovtsev, A. Usik, G. Heinzelmann, Gregorio Bernardi, U. Krüger, Hannes Jung, S. Kermiche, J. Spiekermann, Alexander Zhokin, Paul Richard Newman, C. Jacobsson, D. Kant, E. Eisenhandler, Anton Babaev, Kerstin Borras, A. Belousov, Hermann Kolanoski, J. Baehr, J. Stier, D. Clarke, John A Coughlan, U. Bassler, M. Fleischer, C. Vallée, C. Thiebaux, C.D. Hilton, J.G. Contreras, Y. Vazdik, Th. Naumann, J. Turnau, I. R. Kenyon, S. Dagoret, V.L. Hudgson, Stephen Maxfield, J. Stiewe, H. Küster, J. Strachota, J. Feltesse, L. Goerlach, A. Droutskoi, A. Semenov, Horst Oberlack, A. B. Clegg, R. Rylko, Andrew Mehta, N. Gogitidze, K. Gabathuler, A. Buniatian, M. Steenbock, P. Reimer, P. Ribarics, J. Ferencei, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, J. Garvey, V I. Shekelyan, J. Link, A. M. Fomenko, R. Felst, G. Lobo, U. Kathage, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, A. Lindner, H. P. Beck, Stephen Burke, H. Duhm, V. Boudry, R. Lander, R. Buchholz, V. Brisson, P. Baranov, David Milstead, P. A. Smirnov, F. Brasse, L. R. West, S. Spielman, Peter Schleper, M. J. Burton, E. Gabathuler, Dusan Bruncko, B. Andrieu, P. Kostka, B. Naroska, J. Ebert, F. Ferrarotto, H. Genzel, P. Kasselmann, Volker Blobel, S. Mani, Marc Besancon, Sergey Rusakov, P. Truöl, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, R. Kaschowitz, D. Neyret, C. Keuker, T. Greenshaw, Roland Horisberger, A. Valkárová, S. Eichenberger, S. Riess, Klaus Rabbertz, J.P. Phillips, J. Riedlberger, S. M. Robertson, V. Efremenko, P. Hill, J. Bán, B. Schwab, P. Van Esch, M. Hütte, Pavel Murin, H. Grässler, Claus Kleinwort, S. Mikocki, M. Ibbotson, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, R. Barschke, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, Steve McMahon, Ulrich Goerlach, J. Duboc, B. Stella, M. Jaffre, G. Müller, V. Korbel, Y. Sirois, Carl R. Brune, M. Barth, M. Seidel, Daniel Pitzl, M. Korn, G. Weber, U. Straumann, S. K. Kotelnikov, J. Marks, L. Hajduk, F. Linsel, J. Heatherington, D. Newton, M. Winde, Didier Lacour, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, P. Lanius, V. Tchernyshov, Y. Ban, J. W. Lomas, A. Migliori, G. Siegmon, R. Beyer, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, J. D. Dowell, S. D. Kolya, K. H. Hiller, R. C. W. Henderson, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, R. Prosi, K. Stolze, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and H1
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Annihilation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Quark model, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Parton, HERA, Inelastic scattering, Deep inelastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Pair production, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract: Deep inelastic scattering (DIS) events, selected from 1993 data taken by the H1 experiment at HERA, are studied in the Breit frame of reference. The fragmentation function of the quark is compared with those of \ee data. It is shown that certain aspects of the quarks emerging from within the proton in \ep interactions are essentially the same as those of quarks pair-created from the vacuum in \ee annihilation. The measured area, peak position and widthof the fragmentation function show that the kinematic evolution variable, equivalent to the \ee squared centre of mass energy, is in the Breit frame the invariant square of the four-momentum transfer. We comment on the extent to which we have evidence for coherence effects in parton showers., Comment: 18 pages, latex, 7 figures appended as uuencoded file
Published: 1995

43. Measurement of the $e^+$ and $e^-$ induced charged current cross sections at HERA

Author: R. Nahnhauer, Dusan Bruncko, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, T. R. Ebert, E. Barrelet, H. Genzel, David Cussans, K. Rosenbauer, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, H. E. Roloff, T. Greenshaw, M. zurNedden, G. Siegmon, E. A. De Wolf, Ch. Berger, Karlheinz Meier, C. Wittek, Leif J. Jönsson, G. Thompson, C. Kiesling, Christophe Royon, L. Büngener, P. Van Esch, K. C. Hoeger, R. Beyer, A. De Roeck, J. P. Sutton, Claus Kleinwort, A. J. Campbell, H. Lohmander, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, P. Loch, D. Düllmann, Peter Robmann, H. Henschel, V. Riech, I. Herynek, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, A. Jacholkowska, F. Linsel, T. Kurča, M. Hapke, P. Verrecchia, E. Bernardi, K. Daum, J. H. Köhne, Winston Ko, S. D. Kolya, S. Schiek, A. Wegner, E. Panaro, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Schröder, V. Nagovizin, Ch. Ley, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, C. Pascaud, G. W. Noyes, I. Sheviakov, G. Knies, P. Bispham, J. Heatherington, Guenter Eckerlin, H. U. Martyn, Matthias Klein, E. Malinovski, S. Levonian, K. H. Hiller, R. C. W. Henderson, Jean-Arcady Meyer, M. Kuhlen, S. Dagoret, R. Gerhards, Grzegorz Nowak, J. Ferencei, V I. Shekelyan, K. Rüter, C. Niebuhr, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, D. Newton, C. Jacobsson, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Wagener, G. Grindhammer, J. Tutas, O. Dünger, A. Wagener, F. Botterweck, J. Haack, P. E. Reimer, C. Cormack, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, Th. Naumann, M. Hütte, J.P. Phillips, Stefan Valkar, K. Flamm, R. Roosen, J. D. Burger, S. Aid, R. Prosi, H. Duhm, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, J. V. Morris, L. Criegee, S. Reinshagen, Hannes Jung, Alexander Zhokin, R. M. Martin, G. G. Winter, M. Höppner, S. Prell, U. Krüner, D. Goldner, H. Spitzer, J. Martyniak, G. Schmidt, J. Feltesse, P. Steffen, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, E. Gabathuler, P. Lanius, Y. Soloviev, J. M. Foster, P. I. P. Kalmus, E. Evrard, M. Colombo, K. Stolze, P. Kostka, J. Formánek, Murrough Landon, K. Zuber, Markus Seidel, A. Glazov, V. Tchernyshov, B. Fominykh, E. Mroczko, M. Gebauer, U. Kathage, A. Braemer, A. Schöning, J. Janoth, D. Zarbock, H. P. Wellisch, V. L. Hudgson, A. E. Wright, Max Weber, D. Kant, C. A. Meyer, Emmanuelle Perez, G. Lobo, T. Carli, Paul Newman, R. J. Ellison, J. Cvach, Ch. Niedzballa, V. Lubimov, J. Žáček, J. Garvey, D. Vandenplas, B. Delcourt, M. David, V. Brisson, P. Di Nezza, M. Forbush, Kerstin Borras, D. Mercer, A. Gruber, Volker Blobel, R. Eichler, H. Itterbeck, P. Van Mechelen, A. Gellrich, M. Korn, H. Krehbiel, A. Semenov, T. Jansen, A. M. Fomenko, J. D. Dowell, C. Leverenz, K. Rybicki, C. Keuker, A. Pieuchot, Eckhart Fretwurst, K. Gabathuler, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, Daniel Johnson, A. Buniatian, M. Arpagaus, Stephen Maxfield, F. Lamarche, Wolfgang Lange, Klaus Rabbertz, O. Hamon, M. Flieser, J. Stiewe, H. Rick, G. Rädel, A. B. Clegg, R. Rylko, Andrew Mehta, L. N. Shtarkov, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, J. Stier, L. Goerlich, Wolfram Erdmann, M. J. Burton, N. Gogitidze, J. Gayler, J. Marks, Y. Vazdik, G. Weber, M. Hampel, B. Kuznik, R. Buchholz, A. Panitch, Christoph Grab, David Milstead, Hermann Kolanoski, Ph. Huet, L.R. West, D. Clarke, D. Lüke, F. Lehner, R. L. Lander, U. Bassler, G. Buschhorn, S. Masson, S. Spielman, U. Straumann, D. Ozerov, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, Ch. Pichler, John A Coughlan, Martin Erdmann, S. Schleif, P. A. Smirnov, Horst Oberlack, E. Wünsch, F. Charles, J. Katzy, Dave Sankey, U. Obrock, H. Hufnagel, M. F. Hess, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, F. Niebergall, J. Duboc, B. Stella, P. Ribarics, V. Efremenko, R. Felst, D. Feeken, W. Hildesheim, J. Ebert, M. Charlet, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, C.D. Hilton, J.G. Contreras, R. Starosta, J. Turnau, V. Korbel, M. Steenbock, S. Mikocki, G. Müller, G. D. Patel, U. Krüner-Marquis, V. Boudry, S. Willard, Anton Babaev, F. Brasse, V. Solochenko, C. Thiebaux, Armen Vartapetian, J. Strachota, F. Sefkow, B. Andrieu, Carl R. Brune, M. Barth, G. Martin, David Schmidt, Yong Ban, P. Baranov, B. Schwab, R. Kaschowitz, N. Magnussen, Roland Horisberger, A. Valkárová, Pavel Murin, Peter Schleper, H. Grässler, N. Sahlmann, M. Winde, M. Ibbotson, A. Lebedev, S. Egli, S. Riess, T. Krämerkämper, M. Rietz, E. Schuhmann, Benno List, J. Spiekermann, P. Uelkes, L. Johnson, A. Rostovtsev, A. Droutskoi, Marc Besancon, Barbara Clerbaux, D. Haidt, P. Biddulph, R. Barschke, A.S. Belousov, Sergey Rusakov, P. Hill, J. Bán, M. A. Jabiol, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, P. Truöl, J. Riedlberger, Eram Rizvi, F. Rouse, G. Heinzelmann, Ulrich Goerlach, T. C. Nicholls, M. Fleischer, H. Küster, J. Martens, F. Kole, J. M. Link, U. Stößlein, S. Eichenberger, J. Bähr, S. Mani, H. P. Beck, S. Tapprogge, W.D. Dau, J. B. Dainton, Stephen Burke, C. Vallée, R. D. Appuhn, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, R. Bernet, A. Walther, W. Zimmermann, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, P. Goritchev, D. Neyret, T. Mavroidis, F. Zomer, L. Del Buono, V. Andreev, H. Ehrlichmann, Yves Sirois, J. Lipinski, G. Franke, Frank Raupach, S. M. Robertson, N. Wulff, P. Kasselmann, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, F. W. Büsser, W. Braunschweig, R. Sell, I. R. Kenyon, S. Kazarian, U. Siewert, M. Zimmer, Jean-Francois Laporte, Zhen Zhang, A. Usik, A. Meyer, Gianfranco Sciacca, M. Oakden, H. Meyer, S. Kermiche, R. Nisius, Daniel Pitzl, J. R. Smith, E. Eisenhandler, R. Maraček, W. von Schlippe, T. Merz, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, Didier Lacour, G. Pope, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, A. Courau, J. W. Lomas, A. Migliori, Steve McMahon, and M. Nyberg-Werther
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, HERA, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Transverse plane, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Charged current
Abstract: The cross sections for the charged current processes ${e^{-}p}\rightarrow{\nu_e+hadrons}$ and, for the first time, ${e^{+}p}\rightarrow{\overline{\nu}_e+hadrons}$ are measured at HERA for transverse momenta larger than 25 GeV., Comment: 21 pages, latex, 10 figures appended as uuencoded file
Published: 1995
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44. The Gluon Density of the Proton at Low $x$ from a QCD Analysis of $F_2$

Author: S. Aid, V. Andreev, B. Andrieu, R.-D. Appuhn, M. Arpagaus, A. Babaev, J. Baehr, J. Bán, Y. Ban, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, R. Barschke, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, H.P. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, G. Bernardi, R. Bernet, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançon, R. Beyer, P. Biddulph, P. Bispham, J.C. Bizot, V. Blobel, K. Borras, F. Botterweck, V. Boudry, A. Braemer, F. Brasse, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, R. Buchholz, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, F.W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, M. Burton, G. Buschhorn, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, F. Charles, M. Charlet, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, B. Clerbaux, M. Colombo, J.G. Contreras, C. Cormack, J.A. Coughlan, A. Courau, Ch. Coutures, G. Cozzika, L. Criegee, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, B. Delcourt, L. Del Buono, A. De Roeck, E.A. De Wolf, P. Di Nezza, C. Dollfus, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, A. Droutskoi, J. Duboc, D. Düllmann, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, H. Ehrlichmann, S. Eichenberger, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, R.J. Ellison, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, W. Erdmann, E. Evrard, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, D. Feeken, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, B. Fominykh, M. Forbush, J. Formánek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, K. Gamerdinger, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, A. Gellrich, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, U. Goerlach, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, I. Gorelov, P. Goritchev, C. Grab, H. Grässler, R. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, J. Haack, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, O. Hamon, M. Hampel, E.M. Hanlon, M. Hapke, W.J. Haynes, J. Heatherington, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, I. Herynek, M.F. Hess, W. Hildesheim, P. Hill, K.H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, K.C. Hoeger, M. Höppner, R. Horisberger, V.L. Hudgson, Ph. Huet, M. Hütte, H. Hufnagel, M. Ibbotson, H. Itterbeck, M.-A. Jabiol, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, T. Jansen, L. Jönsson, D.P. Johnson, L. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, D. Kant, R. Kaschowitz, P. Kasselmann, U. Kathage, J. Katzy, H.H. Kaufmann, S. Kazarian, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, W. Ko, T. Köhler, J.H. Köhne, H. Kolanoski, F. Kole, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, M. Korn, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, T. Krämerkämper, M.W. Krasny, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, U. Krüger, U. Krüner-Marquis, J.P. Kubenka, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, B. Kuznik, D. Lacour, F. Lamarche, R. Lander, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, P. Lanius, J.-F. Laporte, A. Lebedev, C. Leverenz, S. Levonian, Ch. Ley, A. Lindner, G. Lindström, J. Link, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, B. List, G. Lobo, P. Loch, H. Lohmander, J. Lomas, G.C. Lopez, V. Lubimov, D. Lüke, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, S. Mani, R. Maraček, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, S. Masson, T. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meier, D. Mercer, T. Merz, C.A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, A. Migliori, S. Mikocki, D. Milstead, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, E. Mroczko, G. Müller, K. Müller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, R. Nahnhauer, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, D. Neyret, H.K. Nguyen, T.C. Nicholls, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, Ch. Niedzballa, R. Nisius, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, M. Nyberg-Werther, M. Oakden, H. Oberlack, U. Obrock, J.E. Olsson, D. Ozerov, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, Ch. Pichler, A. Pieuchot, D. Pitzl, G. Pope, S. Prell, R. Prosi, K. Rabbertz, G. Rädel, F. Raupach, P. Reimer, S. Reinshagen, P. Ribarics, H. Rick, V. Riech, J. Riedlberger, S. Riess, M. Rietz, E. Rizvi, S.M. Robertson, P. Robmann, H.E. Roloff, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, F. Rouse, C. Royon, K. Rüter, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, R. Rylko, N. Sahlmann, E. Sanchez, D.P.C. Sankey, P. Schacht, S. Schiek, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, C. Schmidt, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, A. Schwind, F. Sefkow, M. Seidel, R. Sell, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, H. Shooshtari, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, P. Smirnov, J.R. Smith, V. Solochenko, Y. Soloviev, J. Spiekermann, S. Spielman, H. Spitzer, R. Starosta, M. Steenbock, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, B. Stella, K. Stephens, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stösslein, K. Stolze, J. Strachota, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P. Sutton, S. Tapprogge, V. Tchernyshov, C. Thiebaux, G. Thompson, P. Truöl, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, P. Uelkes, A. Usik, S. Valkár, A. Valkárová, C. Vallée, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, A. Vartapetian, Y. Vazdik, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, M. Wagener, I.W. Walker, A. Walther, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, H.P. Wellisch, L.R. West, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, C. Wittek, A.E. Wright, E. Wünsch, N. Wulff, T.P. Yiou, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, Z. Zhang, A. Zhokin, M. Zimmer, W. Zimmermann, F. Zomer, K. Zuber, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H1, and Starita, Sabine
Subjects: Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Range (particle radiation), [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Structure function, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, HERA, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Gluon, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Scaling
Abstract: We present a QCD analysis of the proton structure function $F_2$ measured by the H1 experiment at HERA, combined with data from previous fixed target experiments. The gluon density is extracted from the scaling violations of $F_2$ in the range $2\cdot 10^{-4}, Comment: 17 pages, latex2e, 5 figures appended as uuencoded file, hep number included
Published: 1995
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45. Comparison of Deep Inelastic Scattering with Photoproduction Interactions at HERA

Author: Steve McMahon, K. Rüter, C. Niebuhr, R. Nisius, D. Goldner, B. Laforge, P. Palmen, R. Marshall, Y. Soloviev, P. E. Reimer, Dirk Krücker, C. Cormack, J. M. Foster, J. Riedlberger, V. Lubimov, G. G. Winter, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, K. Zuber, S. M. Robertson, G. Bertrand-Coremans, P. Steffen, G. Cozzika, M. Hütte, J. R. Smith, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, H. Krehbiel, A. Pieuchot, G. Buschhorn, D. Ozerov, J. Cvach, Ch. Niedzballa, K. Rybicki, M. Charlet, J.P. Phillips, Stefan Valkar, D. Zarbock, H. P. Wellisch, Wolfram Erdmann, L. Criegee, R. L. Lander, R. Starosta, Max Weber, T. Carli, L. N. Shtarkov, Daniel Pitzl, Christoph Grab, Hannes Jung, Alexander Zhokin, J. H. Köhne, Martin Erdmann, U. Obrock, F. Niebergall, Frank Raupach, A. Walther, A. Meyer, H. Hufnagel, F. Linsel, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, R. Kaschowitz, T. Jansen, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, M. Höppner, S. Prell, J. Formánek, F. Sefkow, Ch. Ley, W. Zimmermann, S. K. Kotelnikov, E. Malinovski, A. Panitch, Gregorio Bernardi, J. Heatherington, K. C. Hoeger, T.C. Nicholls, Paul Richard Newman, Grzegorz Nowak, Gianfranco Sciacca, N. Wulff, E. Mroczko, M. Gebauer, K. Daum, M. Kuhlen, D. Feeken, C.D. Hilton, J.G. Contreras, Roland Horisberger, G. Grindhammer, A. Valkárová, D. Vandenplas, L. Hajduk, H. Rick, P. Kasselmann, S. Riess, F. Lehner, D. Newton, Anton Babaev, M. Oakden, A. Gellrich, C. Thiebaux, C. Jacobsson, E. Evrard, H. U. Martyn, Matthias Klein, V. Riech, J. Theissen, G. Rädel, F. Lamarche, Christophe Royon, G. Knies, J. Strachota, M. Hapke, H. Meyer, S. Kermiche, P. Bispham, M. Hampel, B. Kuznik, Hans Peter Beck, A. Wagener, P. Hill, J. V. Morris, G. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, P. Di Nezza, J. Spiekermann, I. R. Kenyon, Ph. Huet, P. Goritchev, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, Armen Vartapetian, Ch. Pichler, S. Reinshagen, J. Bán, J. Haack, Didier Lacour, R. Roosen, W. Bartel, J. Martyniak, Winston Ko, J. Janoth, G. Pope, G. Villet, P. Lanius, C. Pascaud, Pierre Marage, Guenter Eckerlin, B. Delcourt, R. Gerhards, André Schöning, S. Schleif, H. Spitzer, A. Rostovtsev, A. Droutskoi, F. W. Büsser, W. Braunschweig, C. Leverenz, K. H. Hiller, D. Neyret, Wolfgang Lange, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, John A Coughlan, R. Sell, Markus Seidel, A. Glazov, V. Tchernyshov, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, U. Krüner-Marquis, R. C. W. Henderson, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, R. Maraček, J-P. Meyer, K. Gabathuler, A. Buniatian, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, L. R. West, S. Spielman, R. J. Ellison, S. Kazarian, B. Fominykh, A. Courau, P. Dixon, W. von Schlippe, U. Siewert, S. Levonian, O. Hamon, K. Rosenbauer, Horst Oberlack, T. Mavroidis, J. Duboc, B. Stella, M. Zimmer, Volker Blobel, C. Keuker, Klaus Rabbertz, Murrough Landon, A. E. Wright, Dusan Bruncko, U. Kathage, M. Forbush, S. Eichenberger, R. Prosi, V. Brisson, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, Vincent Boudry, T. Merz, H. Pawletta, M. Arpagaus, F. Charles, J. Katzy, M. F. Hess, J. Gayler, J. W. Lomas, W. Hildesheim, P. Kostka, A. Migliori, J. Bähr, R.K. Griffiths, Emmanuelle Perez, G. Lobo, Jean-Francois Laporte, J. Garvey, A. M. Fomenko, G. Thompson, R. Bernet, J. Žáček, H. E. Roloff, M. Korn, V. Efremenko, J. Turnau, M. Wagener, Eckhart Fretwurst, V. Solochenko, K. Stolze, Leif J. Jönsson, B. Naroska, R. Nahnhauer, F. Ferrarotto, D. Düllmann, H. Genzel, S. Mikocki, S. Willard, M. Steenbock, B. Schwab, K. Flamm, P. I. P. Kalmus, H. Itterbeck, P. Van Mechelen, A. Braemer, G. Müller, S. Bourov, B. Waugh, E. Barrelet, H. Lohmander, Pavel Murin, H. Grässler, David Cussans, H. Henschel, G. Weber, U. Straumann, G. Siegmon, Carl R. Brune, M. Barth, S. Mani, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, Zhen Zhang, M. J. Burton, A. Lebedev, S. Egli, M. Rietz, M. Ibbotson, E. A. De Wolf, Ch. Berger, Karlheinz Meier, C. Wittek, B. Andrieu, M. Winde, R. Beyer, Peter Robmann, Stephen Burke, L. Büngener, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, P. Uelkes, L. Johnson, J. D. Dowell, Yong Ban, V. Korbel, D. Haidt, N. Magnussen, R. Barschke, I. Herynek, Laurent Favart, A. Jacholkowska, F. Zomer, L. Del Buono, C. Dollfus, V. Andreev, P. Baranov, S. D. Kolya, T. Greenshaw, Eram Rizvi, G. Heinzelmann, F. Rouse, Ulrich Goerlach, A. Usik, N. Sahlmann, H. Ehrlichmann, Peter Schleper, E. Schuhmann, M. Fleischer, T. Krämerkämper, H. Küster, D. Lüke, P. Biddulph, Marc Besancon, A.S. Belousov, E. Wünsch, Dave Sankey, M. A. Jabiol, Sergey Rusakov, P. Truöl, Rosario Martín, G. D. Patel, U. Bassler, P. Van Esch, G. Martin, David Schmidt, O. Dünger, F. Botterweck, Claus Kleinwort, P. Ribarics, R. Felst, S. Schiek, A. Wegner, C. A. Meyer, J. Zsembery, E. Panaro, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, A. Gruber, R. Eichler, P.-O. Meyer, G. W. Noyes, Daniel Johnson, L. Goerlich, I. Sheviakov, U. Krüger, S. Dagoret, J. Ferencei, V I. Shekelyan, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, Th. Naumann, H. Duhm, E. Gabathuler, M. David, D. Kant, Kerstin Borras, A. Semenov, F. Brasse, C.L. Davis, C. Vallée, R. D. Appuhn, M. Flieser, J. Stier, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, J. Marks, Y. Vazdik, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, V.L. Hudgson, Stephen Maxfield, J. Stiewe, A. B. Clegg, R. Rylko, Andrew Mehta, N. Gogitidze, J. Ebert, M. Nyberg-Werther, J. Feltesse, T. R. Ebert, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, M. zurNedden, R. Buchholz, David Milstead, C. Kiesling, P. A. Smirnov, J. Martens, A. De Roeck, A. J. Campbell, F. Kole, U. Stößlein, T. Kurča, S. Tapprogge, W.D. Dau, J. B. Dainton, Benno List, Barbara Clerbaux, J. M. Link, P. Loch, P. Verrecchia, V. Schröder, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, S. Aid, Yves Sirois, D. Mercer, J. Lipinski, G. Franke, S. Masson, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H1, and Starita, Sabine
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Parton, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, Energy flow, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Rapidity, 010306 general physics, Collider, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, HERA, Deep inelastic scattering, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: Photon-proton ($\gamma p$) interactions with~$Q^25$~GeV$^2$ are studied at the high energy electron-proton collider HERA. The transverse energy flow and relative rates of large rapidity gap events are compared in the two event samples. The observed similarity between $\gamma p$ and $\gamma^* p$ interactions can be understood in a picture where the photon develops as a hadronic object. The transverse energy density measured in the central region of the collision, at $\eta^*=0$ in the $\gamma^* p$ centre of mass frame, is compared with data from hadron-hadron interactions as function of the CMS energy of the collision., Comment: 15 pages, latex, 4 figures appended as uuencoded file
Published: 1995
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46. Noninvasive measurement of thiol levels in cells and isolated organs

Author: H, Nohl, K, Stolze, and L M, Weiner
Subjects: Free Radicals, Antimetabolites, Myocardium, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Myocardial Ischemia, Proteins, Dithionitrobenzoic Acid, CHO Cells, Glutathione, Cricetinae, Methionine Sulfoximine, Animals, Indicators and Reagents, Spin Labels, Sulfhydryl Compounds, Buthionine Sulfoximine
Published: 1995

47. Free radical reactions with DNA and its nucleotides

Author: R P, Mason, K, Stolze, and W D, Flitter
Subjects: Free Radicals, Nucleotides, Phenothiazines, Oxidation-Reduction, DNA Damage
Published: 1990

48. ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED ORGAN SPECIFIC FORMATION OF SUPEROXIDE (O2) AND PEROXINITRITE (ONOO-)

Author: F. Umar, Andrey V. Kozlov, László Szalay, S. Bahrami, Heinz Redl, Hans Nohl, Bruno Fink, K. Stolze, and Karl Kropik
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Superoxide, Organ specific, Emergency Medicine, Pharmacology, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Published: 2002
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49. Zusatzbehandlung mit Esberitox N bei Patientinnen mit chemo-strahlen-therapeutischer Behandlung eines fortgeschrittenen Mammakarzinoms

Author: V. Carstens, V. Bendel, R. Bendel, K. Stolze, and K. Renner
Subjects: Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Palliative care, business.industry, Advanced breast, MEDLINE, Cancer, Hematology, medicine.disease, law.invention, Clinical trial, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Combined Modality Therapy, In patient, business
Abstract: In einer randomisierten Studie wurde an 70 Patientinnen mit fortgeschrittenem Mammakarzinom untersucht, ob eine Zusatzbehandlung mit Esberitox N die Nebenwirkungen einer kombinierten Chemo-Strahlenthe
Published: 1989
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50. Single-Cell Epigenomics and Functional Fine-Mapping of Atherosclerosis GWAS Loci

Author: Einari Aavik, Casey E. Romanoski, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala, Ilakya Selvarajan, Valtteri Nurminen, Redouane Aherrahrou, Kadri Õunap, Anu Toropainen, Minna U. Kaikkonen, Mete Civelek, Tiit Örd, Tapio Lönnberg, and Lindsey K. Stolze
Subjects: Epigenomics, Male, Cell type, Physiology, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle, Quantitative Trait Loci, Cell, Genome-wide association study, Coronary Artery Disease, Computational biology, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Epigenesis, Genetic, Epigenome, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Lymphocytes, RNA-Seq, Epigenetics, Gene, Cells, Cultured, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Macrophages, Endothelial Cells, DNA Methylation, Middle Aged, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, 3. Good health, Chromatin, Phenotype, medicine.anatomical_structure, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing, Female, Single-Cell Analysis, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Functional genomics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Rationale: Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of loci associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Many of these loci are enriched in cisregulatory elements but not linked to cardiometabolic risk factors nor to candidate causal genes, complicating their functional interpretation. Objective: Single-nucleus chromatin accessibility profiling of the human atherosclerotic lesions was used to investigate cell type–specific patterns of cisregulatory elements, to understand transcription factors establishing cell identity, and to interpret CAD-relevant, noncoding genetic variation. Methods and Results: We used single-nucleus ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing) to generate DNA accessibility maps in >7000 cells derived from human atherosclerotic lesions. We identified 5 major lesional cell types including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, monocyte/macrophages, natural killer/T cells, and B cells and further investigated subtype characteristics of macrophages and smooth muscle cells transitioning into fibromyocytes. We demonstrated that CAD-associated genetic variants are particularly enriched in endothelial and smooth muscle cell–specific open chromatin. Using single-cell coaccessibility and cis–expression quantitative trait loci information, we prioritized putative target genes and candidate regulatory elements for ≈30% of all known CAD loci. Finally, we performed genome-wide experimental fine-mapping of the CAD variants identified in genome-wide association studies using epigenetic quantitative trait loci analysis in primary human aortic endothelial cells and self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing (STARR-Seq) massively parallel reporter assay in smooth muscle cells. This analysis identified potential causal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the associated target gene for over 30 CAD loci. We present several examples where the chromatin accessibility and gene expression could be assigned to one cell type predicting the cell type of action for CAD loci. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of applying single-nucleus ATAC-seq to human tissues in revealing relative contributions of distinct cell types to diseases and in identifying genes likely to be influenced by noncoding genome-wide association study variants.
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