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The present study was undertaken to study the effect of INM on growth parameters and productivity of maize cultivar PMH-5. An investigation was taken up during kharif season of 2020-21 at the Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. The experiment was laid down in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The treatments comprised of three levels of vermicompost, i.e. Control (VC0), Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 (VC1), Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (VC2), four levels of chemical fertilizers i.e. Control (F0), 50 % RDF(F1), 75 % RDF (F2), 100 % RDF (F3) and two levels of biofertilizer, i.e. Control (B0), Azotobacter + PSB (B1). The results revealed that all plant growth parameters, grain, straw and biological yield of maize were found highest with the combined application of Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (VC2)+ 100% RDF (F2)+ Azotobacter + PSB (B1) Respectively, which is statistically at par with combined application of Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (VC2)+ 100 % RDF (F3) + Azotobacter + PSB (B1).

In this study, site suitability analysis for Groundwater management in river basin has been carried out by constructing runoff harvesting structures like percolation pond and check dam. The site suitability for different groundwater recharge is determined by considering spatially varying parameters like sub basin area, runoff potential, slope and fracture pattern. GIS tool used to store, analyse and integrate spatial and attribute information pertaining to drainage, runoff, slope and fracture. The SCS-CN method used to derive runoff potential in terms of runoff coefficient (ratio between the runoff and rainfall) which is classified into three classes, viz., high (>40%), moderate (20–40%) and low (

The higher dependency on the groundwater has increased extremely over time due to over-utilization of the aquifers. Thus, it is urgent to assess the degree of exploitation and analyze the groundwater level trend in the area of interest. This study has been taken to examine the pre and post -monsoon groundwater level fluctuations using statistical methods for 76 observation wells in Pratapgarh district of Rajasthan for the last 11 years (2009-2019). Results revealed that the groundwater level has fallen general to significantly in maximum number of blocks during 2009-2019. It was found that the resulting groundwater levels are linearly affected by the amount of rainfall occurred. The groundwater level fluctuations data considerably interprets the groundwater recharge. The average annual decline in groundwater level was detected with strong decline (0.204 m/yr) during post-monsoon season at Chhoti Sadriblock. The average rate of rise and decline during pre and post monsoon groundwater level for the Pratapgarh district was 0.110 m/yr and 0.081m/yr, respectively. In spite of being a predominantly hard rock area, the district shows limited variation in depth to groundwater level. The alterations in water level in different seasons may be attributed to the recharge by rainfall in post-monsoon season.

Background: In the modern society, technology has contributed to create physical comfort in the life and simultaneously, there is alteration in dietary habits of youngsters. This has affected adolescent’s health significantly, leading to hypertension in both urban and rural adolescent population. Objectives: Present study aimed to access and compares the prevalence of hypertension among urban and rural adolescent. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional comparative study conducted on 300 healthy age matched adolescents, 10- 19 years of age from each of rural and urban school of Jaipur (Rajasthan). After Institutional Ethical Committee and school administration approval, a predesigned proforma was filled having socio-demographic details, personal and family history. An average blood pressure was calculated by measuring 3 recordings with 5 minutes break through sphygmomanometer. The blood pressure was classified on percentile bases into prehypertension and hypertension. The data inferred by chisquare and ‘p-value’ less than 0.05 considered as significant. Result: The prevalence of hypertension among urban and rural adolescent of Jaipur was 7.6% and 7%, while prehypertension was 32% and 28%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was high for systolic than diastolic blood pressure and more in late adolescent than early adolescent age group which was found significant only for systolic hypertension (p=0.003). Conclusion: High prevalence of adolescent’s hypertension is an important risk factor for future consequences of cardiovascular disease suggesting that there should be change in lifestyle. The early detection and management of it can prevent any future disability and mortality.

India contributes the largest to the world milk production. The main objective of the study is to investigate the different technologies adopted by dairy farmers in Haryana. Primary data was collected from 200 dairy farmers from different places in Haryana state. The study was conducted in Haryana study revealed that among all the good dairy practices animal health practices was followed by majority of the dairy farmers and the corresponding mean value was 1.75 and the rank was 1st, followed by management practices (corresponding mean value 2.02 and rank 2nd), hygiene milking practices (corresponding mean value 2.12 and rank 3rd), animal wellbeing (corresponding mean value 2.23 and rank 4th), nutrition (corresponding mean value 2.56 and rank 5th), and environment practices with corresponding mean value 2.57, were least preferred or we may say least adopted by dairy farmers hence environment practices was given rank 6th.Poor animal health is one of the principal constraints to increasing small-scale dairy productivity, as it results in high morbidity and low production. Overcoming this constraint could significantly improve productivity and results in real and direct benefits for producers. The IBM SPSS22 software was used to calculate the mean score of the statements based on Likert 5-point scale.This study gives us an idea about how we start a dairy farm and what management practices should be adopted.

The current study based on SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) Model which coordinates the GIS data with attribute database set to assess the runoff of Rela Watershed. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is based on distributed parameter model which has been created to forecast runoff, sediment, erosion and nutrient transport from agrarian watersheds under various management practices. The SWAT Model works related to Arc GIS. In the current study the catchment region has been delineated utilizing the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and afterward partitioned into 29 sub-watersheds or sub-basins. For planning of landuse map, the LANDSAT images are downloaded from earth explorer and the soil mapis obtained from NBSS (National Bureau of Soil Survey, Udaipur). The sub basins are partitioned into 29 HRUs which represents Hydrological Response Unit. At that point by utilizing 30 years of every day precipitation information and daily minimum and maximum temperature information SWAT simulation is accomplished for consistent schedule to estimate Runoff. The insights indicated diverse runoff framework esteem during the time 19.5 mm being the most minimal and 527.3 mm being the maximum runoff for Rela Watershed. The average annual runoff is 162.6 mm i.e. 28% of total rainfall in Rela Watershed.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/jbpkihs.v1i2.22075 Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is a significant cause of maternal mortality and morbidity during the first trimester. The major risk factors for ectopic pregnancy include prior tubal infections, previous ectopic pregnancy, previous abortions, use of intrauterine contraceptive devices, contraception failure, tubal surgeries, infertility and use of artificial reproductive pregnancies. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different risk factors in the causation of ectopic pregnancies among women in the Nepalese setting. Materials and methods: This was a case-control study conducted at Kathmandu Medical College comparing 39 cases of ectopic pregnancies with 39 controls consisting of intra-uterine pregnancies. The suspected cases were confirmed through clinical examination, trans-abdominal or trans-vaginal ultrasonography and serum β-hCG levels with further confirmation obtained after laparotomy / laparoscopy among cases who underwent surgery. The two study groups matched with age, gravidity and contraceptive uses were studied. History of previous abortions, previous ectopics and past abdomino-pelvic surgeries were also studied. Results: There was statistically significant difference in the incidence of contraceptive failure among the two groups (p-value= 0.032) with women with such history having a relative risk of 1.667 with odds ratio of 3.400. The risk posed by previous abortions and previous ectopics wasn’t found significant (RR= 1.000 and 2.053 respectively). The history of past abdomino-pelvic surgeries also showed significant role in causation of ectopics (RR= 1.094). Conclusion: Among different risk factors studied, the contraception usage was the most significant risk factors. Oral contraceptive pills was the most identified among the contraception used in cases of ectopic pregnancy. Keywords: Ectopic pregnancy

The adverse effect of power swing (PS) led to blackout situation in Indian power network during July 30 and 31, 2012. During PS, the decision-making property of distance relay is greatly affected. To avoid this, modern distance relay is equipped with a PSB element that is used to prevent the false tripping imposed by PS. But in case of occurrence of fault followed to PS condition, the fault remains undetected due to PSB element. Therefore a reliable decision-making algorithm is required to overcome such type of problem. Furthermore, in case of a fault during PS in a double-circuit transmission line (DCTL), transient disturbances are also imposed in the voltage and current signals of similar phases of the healthy circuit due to the effect of mutual coupling between the two circuits. To resolve such protection challenges, this chapter proposes an intelligent technique based on bagged decision tree (BDT) algorithm for fault during PS detection and classification in a DCTL using wavelet packet energy (WPE) of voltage and current signals. All type of shunt faults are simulated and preprocessed to design an input data set to erudite the proposed intelligent scheme and concurrently tested with new faulty cases. Moreover, immunity of the proposed scheme has been analyzed for capacitor coupling voltage transformer transients as well as the current transformer saturation condition. The main advantage of the proposed scheme is that it is independent of the threshold setting, zero sequence mutual compensation factor, and remote-end data. It is also not influenced by variation in different fault parameters and power system operating parameters such as power flow angle and source impedance ratio. The proposed scheme is validated on an existing 400 kV, 50 Hz, double-circuit line of Chhattisgarh state power transmission network using MATLAB/Simulink software. Further, to validate the proposed scheme in real time, the experimental studies are carried out using the real-time digital simulator setup.

A survey was conducted in eight secondary schools located in two watersheds in Gujarat and Rajasthan (semi-arid region of India) to assess students’ perceptions about groundwater scarcity issues and the impact of the scarcity on their educational opportunities. Survey responses to a detailed questionnaire by a cohort of students in both watersheds; school attendance records of year 8 class students (13–14 years old) and responses gathered via a socio-economic survey involving 500 families in the study area were used in the study. In both watersheds, >90% students identified groundwater scarcity as a major issue. Required to work at home or farm, about 65% students in Gujarat and 60% in Rajasthan missed school for up to 2 days/month; and a smaller proportion (∼ 30%) missed schools for 4 or more days/month. School absenteeism was found to be linked with gender; female students missed schools more frequently than their male counterpart. The school attendance records in Rajasthan showed that the frequ...

Spontaneous or non-traumatic perforation involving the wall of the extrahepatic or intrahepatic biliary tree is a rare entity leading to difficulty and delay in preoperative diagnosis and resulting in 30% to 50% mortality in spite of adequate surgical therapy and postoperative intensive care. Multiple factors are involved in its pathogenesis in both adults and infants. Patients can present with acute or insidious onset. Diagnostic modalities include ultrasound, abdominal CECT and radionuclide hepatobiliary scan. However, in the presence of clinical features of generalized peritonitis, surgery should not be unduly delayed due to non-availability of these diagnostic tools. A high index of suspicion and an early surgical intervention are the mainstays of therapy. Surgical management remains controversial. The nature and extent of surgery, both by open exploration and laparoscopy, should be tailored according to the patient’s general condition, the severity of the peritonitis, and intraoperative and cholangiographic findings.

Sustainable use of groundwater is becoming critical in India and requires effective participation from local communities along with technical, social, economic, policy and political inputs. Access to groundwater for farming communities is also an emotional and complex issue as their livelihood and survival depends on it. In this article, we report on transdisciplinary approaches to understanding the issues, challenges and options for improving sustainability of groundwater use in States of Gujarat and Rajasthan, India. In this project, called Managed Aquifer Recharge through Village level Intervention (MARVI), the research is focused on developing a suitable participatory approach and methodology with associated tools that will assist in improving supply and demand management of groundwater. The study was conducted in the Meghraj watershed in Aravalli district, Gujarat, and the Dharta watershed in Udaipur district, Rajasthan, India. The study involved the collection of hydrologic, agronomic and socio-economic data and engagement of local village and school communities through their role in groundwater monitoring, field trials, photovoice activities and education campaigns. The study revealed that availability of relevant and reliable data related to the various aspects of groundwater and developing trust and support between local communities, NGOs and government agencies are the key to moving towards a dialogue to decide on what to do to achieve sustainable use of groundwater. The analysis of long-term water table data indicated considerable fluctuation in groundwater levels from year to year or a net lowering of the water table, but the levels tend to recover during wet years. This provides hope that by improving management of recharge structures and groundwater pumping, we can assist in stabilizing the local water table. Our interventions through Bhujal Jankaars (BJs), (a Hindi word meaning “groundwater informed” volunteers), schools, photovoice workshops and newsletters have resulted in dialogue within the communities about the seriousness of the groundwater issue and ways to explore options for situation improvement. The BJs are now trained to understand how local recharge and discharge patterns are influenced by local rainfall patterns and pumping patterns and they are now becoming local champions of groundwater and an important link between farmers and project team. This study has further strengthened the belief that traditional research approaches to improve the groundwater situation are unlikely to be suitable for complex groundwater issues in the study areas. The experience from the study indicates that a transdisciplinary approach is likely to be more effective in enabling farmers, other village community members and NGOs to work together with researchers and government agencies to understand the groundwater situation and design interventions that are holistic and have wider ownership. Also, such an approach is expected to deliver longer-term sustainability of groundwater at a regional level.

The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of reuse of wastewater in the peri-urban area of Udaipur city on the quality of soil, vegetable crops and groundwater in reference to heavy metal contamination. For this study four sites were selected for soil, water and vegetable sampling. Three samples each of soil, irrigation water and selected vegetable crops were collected. These samples were analysed for iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) with the help of an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) model EC 4141-8. The heavy metal accumulation in groundwater irrigated vegetables was found to increase with the increasing contamination of these metals in the groundwater at different locations. However, the metallic accumulation in all the selected vegetable crops (cauliflower, cabbage, brinjal, spinach, tomato and radish) irrigated by groundwater at all the selected locations were found to be within the maximum permissible limits as prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO). In the case of wastewater irrigation, accumulation of Fe, Zn and Cd in spinach, tomato and radish crossed the maximum permissible limits at site 3 (Kanpur – Madri Villave). Urban wastewater irrigated spinach was found to have accumulated Fe, Zn and Cd to a great extent (more than the maximum permissible limits) at all three selected locations and is most unsafe for human consumption.

The geographical information system (GIS) has emerged as an efficient tool in delineation of drainage patterns of watershed planning and management. The morphometric parameters of basins can address linear, areal and relief aspects. The study deals with the integrated watershed management of Baliya micro-watersheds, located in the Udaipur district of Rajasthan, India. Morphometric analysis in hydrological investigation is an important aspect and it is inevitable in the development and management of drainage basins. The determination of linear, areal and relief parameters indicate fairly good significance. The low value of the bifurcation ratio of 4.19 revealed that the drainage pattern has not been distorted by structural disturbance. The high value of the elongation ratio (0.68) compared to the circulatory ratio (0.27) indicates an elongated shape of the watershed. The high value of drainage density (5.39 km/km2) and stream frequency (12.32) shows that the region has impermeable subsoil material under poor vegetative cover with a low relief factor. The morphometric parameters of relief ratio (0.041) and relative relief (0.99%) show that the watershed can be treated using GIS techniques to determine the morphometric presence of dendritic drainage pattern, with a view to selecting the soil and water conservation measures and water harvesting.

Bilateral inguinal hernias form a part of the complex spectrum of weakness in the region of the myopectineal orifice. Laparoscopic surgery is one of the standard approaches for bilateral hernias. We describe the results of a randomized trial that was undertaken to compare and evaluate TAPP and TEP repair for bilateral inguinal hernias.Sixty patients were randomized into two groups. Group I (TAPP) and Group II (TEP) were compared in terms of procedure related variables, conversion, post-operative recovery and complications. Analysis was done using SPSS software version 17.Seventy-seven patients were assessed for fitness to include in the study. Seventeen patients had to be excluded due to either not meeting the inclusion criteria's or for not giving consent. The median age (52 yrs) was comparable in both groups. In Group II (TEP) mean operating time was 120.89 ± 29.28 min compared to 108.16 ± 16.10 min in Group I (TAPP). Post-operative pain scores were less in Group I(TAPP) at all levels of recording (8 h-48 h), though most patients required injectable analgesic for 32 h in both groups (p-value 0.029). Subcutaneous emphysema was more commonly noted in the Group II (TEP) (p-value 0.038). In Group I (TAPP) mean hospital stay was 52.0 ± 14.21 h while in Group II (TEP) it was 52.29 ± 9.36 h (p-value 0.427). Mean time for return to work was 11.8 ± 2.35 days in Group I (TAPP) and 12.41 ± 2.22 days in Group II (TEP) (p-value 0.339).The procedures though different in approach were quite similar in outcome. Mean operating time was increased in the TEP repairs along with immediate post-operative pain scores. The pattern of some complications like subcutaneous emphysema was significantly more in the TEP group while minor vascular injury though not significant was different in both groups. The indirect cost incurred from consumables did not vary other than need for more tacks in the TAPP group.

“The Indian Journal of Neurotrauma is now published by Thieme Medical Publishers. Please contact Thieme publishers for further details.” The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy .

The kinetics of absorption of carbon dioxide in sodium sulphide solution at 292-305 K was studied in a laminar jet apparatus. The absorption of carbon dioxide in liquid is shown to be a diffusion controlled process accompanied by a fast pseudo-first order reaction. The reaction rate constant, k 2, determined for 0.05-0.2 M sodium sulphide solutions depends upon temperature and ionic strength, and the activation energy of the reaction was 52.75 MJ/kmol.

The present study determined aquifer parameters in hard-rock aquifer system of Ahar River catchment, Udaipur, India by conducting 19 pumping tests in large-diameter wells. Spreadsheet programs were developed for analyzing pumping test data, and their accuracy was evaluated by root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R). Histograms and Shapiro–Wilk test indicated non-normality (p value 0.95). Distribution of the aquifer parameters and recharge indicated that the northern portion with high ground elevations (575–700 m MSL), and high S y (0.08–0.25) and T (>600 m2/day) values may act as recharge zone. The T and S y values revealed significant spatial variability, which suggests strong heterogeneity of the hard-rock aquifer system. Overall, the findings of this study are useful to formulate appropriate strategies for managing water resources in the area. Also, the developed spreadsheet programs may be used to analyze the pumping test data of large-diameter wells in other hard-rock regions of the world.