34 results on '"KALLE ROMANOV"'
Search Results
2. Implementation of Virtual Patients: The First Years.
- Author
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Kalle Romanov and Marja Silenti
- Published
- 2010
3. Student activity and learning outcomes in a virtual learning environment
- Author
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Anne-Marja Nevgi and Kalle Romanov
- Subjects
Medical education ,business.industry ,Communication ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Distance education ,Educational technology ,Collaborative learning ,Health informatics ,Education ,Reading (process) ,Pedagogy ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Virtual learning environment ,Computer-mediated communication ,business ,Sociology of Education ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between degree of participation and learning outcomes in an e-learning course on medical informatics. Overall activity in using course materials and degree of participation in the discussion forums of an online course were studied among 39 medical students. Students were able to utilise the course material in discussion groups focusing on the lectures, quizzes and students’ own notes. Each student’s data recording of activities and individual participation in discussion in the online course was analysed in order to assess which activities predicted learning outcome. Higher course grades were associated with studying the course material frequently and also with regular participation in reading postings and replying to them. There were no connections between learning outcome and the students’ original contributions to the discussion forums. There were no statistically significant differences between male and female students in how they utilised the various components of the learning material.
- Published
- 2008
4. Do medical students watch video clips in eLearning and do these facilitate learning?
- Author
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Anne Nevgi and Kalle Romanov
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Self-Evaluation Programs ,Students, Medical ,Medical psychology ,020205 medical informatics ,Self-Evaluation Program ,Video Recording ,02 engineering and technology ,Health informatics ,Education ,Education, Distance ,Undergraduate methods ,User-Computer Interface ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Humans ,Learning ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sex Distribution ,CLIPS ,Female students ,Finland ,computer.programming_language ,Academic Medical Centers ,Medical education ,Attitude to Computers ,business.industry ,4. Education ,Collaborative learning ,General Medicine ,Individual learning ,Female ,Psychology ,business ,computer ,Medical Informatics ,Computer-Assisted Instruction ,Education, Medical, Undergraduate - Abstract
There is controversial evidence of the impact of individual learning style on students' performance in computer-aided learning.We assessed the association between the use of multimedia materials, such as video clips, and collaborative communication tools with learning outcome among medical students.One hundred and twenty-one third-year medical students attended a course in medical informatics (0.7 credits) consisting of lectures, small group sessions and eLearning material. The eLearning material contained six learning modules with integrated video clips and collaborative learning tools in WebCT. Learning outcome was measured with a course exam.Approximately two-thirds of students (68.6%) viewed two or more videos. Female students were significantly more active video-watchers. No significant associations were found between video-watching and self-test scores or the time used in eLearning. Video-watchers were more active in WebCT; they loaded more pages and more actively participated in discussion forums. Video-watching was associated with a better course grade.Students who watched video clips were more active in using collaborative eLearning tools and achieved higher course grades.
- Published
- 2007
5. Life events and depressiveness - the effect of adjustment for psychosocial factors, somatic health and genetic liability
- Author
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Kalle Romanov, Jyrki Varjonen, Jaakko Kaprio, and Markku Koskenvuo
- Subjects
Discordant Twin ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Beck Depression Inventory ,Social environment ,Mental health ,030227 psychiatry ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Social support ,0302 clinical medicine ,Marital status ,Personality ,10. No inequality ,Psychology ,Psychosocial ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Objective: To study the nature of the relationship of life events with depressiveness. Method: In 1990, 9947 Finnish adult twins aged 33–60 years participated in a questionnaire study, with no missing data on the analysed variables. The relationship between stressful life-events and depressiveness, based on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) classified as normal, mild or moderate, was analysed using multinomial regression for all subjects with adjustment for the effect of age, sex, health status, social support, marital status, social class, and personality variables. These same factors were analyzed among 643 twin pairs discordant for depressiveness. Results: High BDI score categories were strongly associated with stressful life events in all individuals and equally strongly within discordant twin pairs, both monozygotic and dizygotic. Poor somatic health and lack of social support also increased depressiveness. Conclusion: The effect of life events predicting depressiveness was independent of social support, somatic disease, sex and genetic liability.
- Published
- 2003
6. Familial association between allergic disorders and depression in adult Finnish twins
- Author
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Marianne Z. Wamboldt, Markku Koskenvuo, Maija Räsänen, John K. Hewitt, Frederick S. Wamboldt, Stephanie Schmitz, Jaakko Kaprio, Jyrki Varjonen, and Kalle Romanov
- Subjects
business.industry ,Dizygotic twin ,Panic disorder ,Beck Depression Inventory ,Monozygotic twin ,medicine.disease ,Twin study ,3. Good health ,Atopy ,Genetic model ,medicine ,business ,Genetics (clinical) ,Clinical psychology ,Psychopathology - Abstract
Clinical studies have shown a relationship between allergic disorders and depression, panic disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and social anxiety for a significant subset of patients with these disorders. The nature of the relationship, whether due to shared environmental or biologic vulnerabilities or as a result of the stress of chronic illness, has been less clear. By examining the covariance of atopic disorders and depressive symptoms in a community sample of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, the contribution of genetic and/or shared environmental etiological factors can be established. A Finnish sample of 1337 MZ and 2506 DZ twin pairs, ages 33–60 years, was sent questionnaires inquiring about history of asthma, eczema, and atopic rhinitis, as well as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The nature of the covariation between twins of these symptoms was investigated by fitting competing genetic and environmental models. Within-person correlation between atopic symptoms and BDI was 0.103 (P < 0.001) for the total sample. Using the Mx statistical modeling program to fit the data to competing quantitative genetic models, the best fitting model estimated that 64% of the association between atopy and BDI was due to shared familial vulnerability, primarily additive genetic influences. Although the measures for allergic disorders and depression are crude, this study supports the hypothesis that there is a small shared genetic risk for atopic and depressive symptoms, and if replicated, may open research for common mechanisms between allergic and depressive disorders. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:146–153, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Published
- 2000
7. Freeware eLearning Flash-ECG for learning electrocardiography
- Author
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Kalle Romanov and Timo Kuusi
- Subjects
Students, Medical ,Computer science ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,computer.software_genre ,Education ,Electrocardiography ,03 medical and health sciences ,Flash (photography) ,0302 clinical medicine ,Software ,Computer Graphics ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Seven Basic Tools of Quality ,Web browser ,Education, Medical ,Multimedia ,business.industry ,Teaching ,Arrhythmias, Cardiac ,General Medicine ,Blackboard (design pattern) ,3. Good health ,Curriculum ,business ,computer ,Computer-Assisted Instruction - Abstract
Background: Electrocardiographic (ECG) analysis can be taught in eLearning programmes with suitable software that permits the effective use of basic tools such as a ruler and a magnifier, required for measurements.Aims: The Flash-ECG (Research & Development Unit for Medical Education, University of Helsinki, Finland) was developed to enable teachers and students to use scanned and archived ECGs on computer screens and classroom projectors.Results: The software requires only a standard web browser with a Flash plug-in and can be integrated with learning environments (Blackboard/WebCT, Moodle). The Flash-ECG is freeware and is available to medical teachers worldwide.
- Published
- 2009
8. Magnetic Fields of Transmission Lines and Depression
- Author
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Kauko Heikkilä, Pia K. Verkasalo, Jaakko Kaprio, Kalle Romanov, Markku Koskenvuo, and Jyrki Varjonen
- Subjects
Adult ,Employment ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Self Disclosure ,Psychometrics ,Epidemiology ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Electromagnetic Fields ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Diseases in Twins ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Risk factor ,Psychiatry ,Finland ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Depression ,business.industry ,Beck Depression Inventory ,Middle Aged ,Confidence interval ,Social Class ,Self-disclosure ,Twin Studies as Topic ,Female ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Demography ,Cohort study - Abstract
Electromagnetic fields have been suggested to contribute to the risk of depression by causing pineal dysfunction. Some epidemiologic studies have supported this possibility but have generally reported crude methods of exposure assessment and nonsystematic evaluation of depression. Using two available nationwide data sets, the authors identified from the Finnish Twin Cohort Study 12,063 persons who had answered the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory of self-rated depressive symptoms in 1990. The personal 20-year histories of exposure (i.e., distance and calculated annual average magnetic fields) before 1990 to overhead 110- to 400-kv power lines were obtained from the Finnish Transmission Line Cohort Study. The adjusted mean Beck Depression Inventory scores did not differ by exposure, providing some assurance that proximity to high-voltage transmission lines is not associated with changes within the common range of depressive symptoms. However, the risk of severe depression was increased 4.7-fold (95% confidence interval 1.70-13.3) among subjects living within 100 m of a high-voltage power line. This finding was based on small numbers. The authors recommend that attempts be made to strive for a better understanding of the exposure characteristics in relation to the onset and course of depression.
- Published
- 1997
9. Interpersonal conflict as a predictor of work disability: A follow-up study of 15,348 finnish employees
- Author
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Kirsi Appelberg, Markku Koskenvuo, Kauko Heikkilä, Marja-Liisa Honkasalo, and Kalle Romanov
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Activities of daily living ,Personality Inventory ,Hostility ,Job Satisfaction ,Developmental psychology ,Cohort Studies ,Conflict, Psychological ,Disability Evaluation ,Interpersonal relationship ,medicine ,Humans ,Interpersonal Relations ,Marriage ,Workplace ,Finland ,Gender Identity ,Middle Aged ,Psychophysiologic Disorders ,Neuroticism ,Occupational Diseases ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Marital status ,Female ,Job satisfaction ,Occupational stress ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Follow-Up Studies ,Social status - Abstract
This 6-year follow-up study investigates the impact of interpersonal conflict at work on work disability among 8,021 male and 7,327 female employees aged 24 to 65 years at baseline. Marital status, marital conflict, monotonous work, hectic work pace, hostility, neuroticism, life dissatisfaction, and experienced stress of daily activities were included in survival analyses, which were adjusted for age, social status, and general health status. Interpersonal conflict at work predicted work disability only among women (RR 1.56, CL 1.01-2.39). This risk was confined to women who reported simultaneous marital conflicts (RR 2.54, CL 1.03-6.22). When included in further analyses, life dissatisfaction was a significant risk factor among both genders, but monotonous work, neuroticism, and experienced stress of daily activities were risk factors only among men. These data suggest that interpersonal conflict could be a determinant of work disability, and this indicates the importance of gender and marital factors.
- Published
- 1996
10. Concordance for Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in a population-based cohort of twins in Finland
- Author
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A. Reunanen, Markku Koskenvuo, J. Tuomilehto, Kalle Romanov, Jaakko Kaprio, J. Stengård, Y A Kesäniemi, and Johan G. Eriksson
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Concordance ,Population ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,Cohort Studies ,Impaired glucose tolerance ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Diseases in Twins ,Twins, Dizygotic ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Cumulative incidence ,Registries ,education ,Finland ,Aged ,030304 developmental biology ,Aged, 80 and over ,0303 health sciences ,Type 1 diabetes ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Twins, Monozygotic ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Gestational diabetes ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Female ,business - Abstract
We studied the cumulative incidence, concordance rate and heritability for diabetes mellitus in a nationwide cohort of 13,888 Finnish twin pairs of the same sex. The twins were born before 1958 and both co-twins were alive in 1967. Data on diabetes were derived through computerized record linkage from death certificates, the National Hospital Discharge Register and the National Drug Register. Records were reviewed in order to assign a diagnostic category to the 738 diabetic patients identified. Of these patients 109 had Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes, 505 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, 46 gestational diabetes, 24 secondary diabetes, 38 impaired glucose tolerance and 16 remained unclassified. The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 1.4 % in men and 1.3 % in women aged 28–59 years and 9.3 % and 7.0 % in men and women aged 60 years and over, respectively. The cumulative incidence did not differ between monozygotic and dizygotic twins. The concordance rate for Type 1 diabetes was higher among monozygotic (23 % probandwise and 13 % pairwise) than dizygotic twins (5 % probandwise and 3 % pairwise). The probandwise and pairwise concordance rates for Type 2 diabetes were 34% and 20% among monozygotic tiwns and 16% and 9 % in dizygotic twins, respectively. Heritability for Type 1 diabetes was greater than that for Type 2 where both genetic and environmental effects seemed to play a significant role.
- Published
- 1992
11. Smoking behaviour as a predictor of depression among Finnish men and women: a prospective cohort study of adult twins
- Author
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Kalle Romanov, Ulla Broms, Taru Kinnunen, Tellervo Korhonen, Jaakko Kaprio, Markku Koskenvuo, and Jyrki Varjonen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Twins ,Logistic regression ,Personality Disorders ,Severity of Illness Index ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Psychiatry ,education ,Prospective cohort study ,Applied Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Finland ,education.field_of_study ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Smoking ,Beck Depression Inventory ,Former Smoker ,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Female ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cohort study ,Demography - Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is associated with smoking, but the causality of the relationship is debated. The authors examine smoking behaviour as a predictor of depression among the Finnish adult twin population. METHOD Based on responses to surveys in 1975 and 1981, the authors characterized the subjects as never smokers, persistent former smokers, quitters, recurrent smokers and persistent smokers. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was applied in 1990 to measure depression (BDI score >9). Although the population consisted of twins, the authors first considered the subjects as individuals. Logistic regression models were computed for 4164 men and 4934 women. In order to control for family and genetic background, conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted among twin pairs discordant for depression. Bivariate genetic modelling was used to examine genetic and environmental components of the correlation between smoking and depression. RESULTS Among the men, persistent smoking (OR 1 x 42, 95% CI 1 x 07-1 x 89) and smoking in 1975 but quitting by 1981 (OR 1 x 68, 95% CI 1 x 17-2 x 42) was associated with a higher risk of depression, while among the women only the quitters had an elevated risk (OR 1 x 38, 96% CI 1 x 01-1 x 87). The gender x smoking interaction showed persistent smoking to be a stronger risk for men. When family and genetic background were controlled, smoking remained a predictor of depression. Genetic modelling among the men suggested a modest correlation (rg=0 x 25) between genetic components of smoking and depression. CONCLUSIONS Smoking behaviour may be a gender-sensitive predictor of depression, the stronger association in men being partly accounted for by having underlying genes in common.
- Published
- 2006
12. A survey of the use of electronic scientific information resources among medical and dental students
- Author
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Kalle Romanov and Matti Aarnio
- Subjects
Male ,Students, Medical ,Time Factors ,Multivariate analysis ,020205 medical informatics ,MEDLINE ,education ,Students, Dental ,Information Storage and Retrieval ,lcsh:Medicine ,02 engineering and technology ,Health informatics ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Computer literacy ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Finland ,Students medical ,Publishing ,Medicine(all) ,Internet ,lcsh:LC8-6691 ,Medical education ,lcsh:Special aspects of education ,business.industry ,Data Collection ,4. Education ,lcsh:R ,Electronic information ,General Medicine ,Databases, Bibliographic ,Logistic Models ,Multivariate Analysis ,Female ,Computer Literacy ,Periodicals as Topic ,business ,Web survey ,Medical Informatics ,Research Article - Abstract
Background To evaluate medical and dental students' utilization of electronic information resources. Methods A web survey sent to 837 students (49.9% responded). Results Twenty-four per cent of medical students and ninteen per cent of dental students searched MEDLINE 2+ times/month for study purposes, and thiry-two per cent and twenty-four per cent respectively for research. Full-text articles were used 2+ times/month by thirty-three per cent of medical and ten per cent of dental students. Twelve per cent of respondents never utilized either MEDLINE or full-text articles. In multivariate models, the information-searching skills among students were significantly associated with use of MEDLINE and full-text articles. Conclusion Use of electronic resources differs among students. Forty percent were non-users of full-text articles. Information-searching skills are correlated with the use of electronic resources, but the level of basic PC skills plays not a major role in using these resources. The student data shows that adequate training in information-searching skills will increase the use of electronic information resources.
- Published
- 2006
13. Learning outcomes in medical informatics: comparison of a WebCT course with ordinary web site learning material
- Author
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Anne Nevgi and Kalle Romanov
- Subjects
Male ,020205 medical informatics ,Computer science ,Health Informatics ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.software_genre ,Health informatics ,Learning experience ,Education, Distance ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Humans ,Computer communication networks ,Finland ,Web site ,Medical education ,Internet ,Multimedia ,Education, Medical ,business.industry ,4. Education ,Learning environment ,05 social sciences ,Educational technology ,050301 education ,The Internet ,Female ,business ,0503 education ,computer ,Medical Informatics - Abstract
Summary Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare whether students’ learning outcomes would be better in a designed learning environment (WebCT) than in a conventional web site (WWW) with similar course material but without special learning tools. Context: Third-year medical students in an introductory course on medical informatics at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Methods: Students were randomly assigned to a WebCT group (n = 39) and a WWW group (n = 46). The students in the WebCT group utilized the course material in general discussion groups, special discussions about lectures, quizzes and students’ own notes. The WWW group had access only to the course material. The learning outcome was assessed by administering an on-line examination and the learning experience of the students was assessed by an on-line quiz. Results: The course grade was significantly higher in the WebCT group as compared to the WWW group. This finding was more prominent among females. The students of the WebCT group also experienced significantly more improvement in collaboration with the use of computers than the students in the WWW group. Conclusions: Based on our results, web-based learning seems to be more effective when students are provided with specially designed learning tools. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2005
14. Recent interpersonal conflict at work and psychiatric morbidity: a prospective study of 15,530 employees aged 24-64
- Author
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Kirsi Appelberg, Marja-Liisa Honkasalo, Markku Koskenvuo, and Kalle Romanov
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Poison control ,Personality Assessment ,Suicide prevention ,Cohort Studies ,Conflict, Psychological ,Interpersonal relationship ,Risk Factors ,Adaptation, Psychological ,medicine ,Psychiatric hospital ,Humans ,Interpersonal Relations ,Prospective Studies ,Psychiatry ,Workplace ,Finland ,Mental Disorders ,Middle Aged ,Mental health ,Neuroticism ,Psychophysiologic Disorders ,Occupational Diseases ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Spouse ,Marital status ,Psychology ,Stress, Psychological ,Clinical psychology ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Relationships between psychiatric morbidity and interpersonal conflict at work among 15,530 Finnish employees aged 24 to 64 years were studied in a prospective follow-up: 4 years for all psychiatric hospitalizations, 5 years for suicide, and 6 years for long-term medication due to chronic psychosis. The association between interpersonal conflict at work and physician-diagnosed psychiatric morbidity was significant (RR 2.18, 95% CI 1.34-3.54) when results were adjusted for general health status, social class, and mental instability/stress. Results remained significant in additional models adjusted for neuroticism, marital status, conflict with spouse, and high alcohol consumption. The results were similar for both sexes.
- Published
- 1996
15. Self-reported hostility and suicidal acts, accidents, and accidental deaths: a prospective study of 21,443 adults aged 25 to 59
- Author
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M Hatakka, Kalle Romanov, E Keskinen, Jaakko Kaprio, H. Laaksonen, Markku Koskenvuo, and Richard J. Rose
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Personality Inventory ,Poison control ,Hostility ,Irritability ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Patient Admission ,Risk Factors ,Cause of Death ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Applied Psychology ,Finland ,Suicide attempt ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Suicide ,Relative risk ,Accidents ,Marital status ,Female ,Medical emergency ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Demography ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
The association of self-reported hostility with morbidity and mortality due to external causes, including suicidal acts, was analyzed in 10,586 Finnish men and 10,857 Finnish women aged 24 to 59 years. Hostility was assessed from self-ratings on irritability, ease of anger-arousal, and argumentativeness. Three groups, low (33.6% of subjects), intermediate (50.6%), and extreme (15.9%), were formed from the self-reported hostility scores. A 6-year mortality follow-up yielded 76 violent deaths among men and 11 among women. A 4-year morbidity follow-up found 399 hospitalizations due to external causes among men and 169 among women. Among men, the risk ratio between the highest and lowest hostility groups was 1.51 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.96) for all events due to external causes and 3.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.63-7.89) for suicidal behavior, when effects of age, marital status, social status, and self-reported alcohol use were controlled in a multivariate model. No association was observed between traffic-related injuries and hostility. Hostility did not predict accidents or accidental deaths or suicidal behavior among women. Language: en
- Published
- 1994
16. The use of tranquilizers, hypnotics and analgesics among 18,592 Finnish adults: associations with recent interpersonal conflicts at work or with a spouse
- Author
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Marja-Liisa Honkasalo, Markku Koskenvuo, Kalle Romanov, and Kirsi Appelberg
- Subjects
Adult ,Employment ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Multivariate analysis ,Epidemiology ,medicine.drug_class ,Social class ,03 medical and health sciences ,Interpersonal relationship ,0302 clinical medicine ,Tranquilizer ,Sex Factors ,5. Gender equality ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,Hypnotics and Sedatives ,Interpersonal Relations ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Marriage ,Psychiatry ,Finland ,Analgesics ,Analysis of Variance ,business.industry ,Public health ,Middle Aged ,Neuroticism ,030227 psychiatry ,3. Good health ,Tranquilizing Agents ,Spouse ,Unemployment ,Multivariate Analysis ,Marital status ,Female ,business ,Stress, Psychological - Abstract
The use of tranquilizers, hypnotics, and analgesics was assessed by a postal questionnaire in a nationwide sample of 18,592 adults aged from 24 to 65 years: 14,800 employees, 2105 housewives and 687 unemployed persons. The use of tranquilizers was most frequent among unemployed persons whereas housewives did not use the studied medicines more than the employed women. In the multivariate analyses (adjusted for age, social class and neuroticism) unmarried status was associated with the use of tranquilizers and hypnotics among both genders. Reported recent interpersonal conflicts both at work and with a spouse were associated with the use of tranquilizers among men, whereas among women significant associations were found only for conflicts with a spouse. These results indicate that domestic factors are more likely to predict women's tranquilizer use.
- Published
- 1993
17. Interpersonal conflicts at work and psychosocial characteristics of employees
- Author
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Kirsi Appelberg, Markku Koskenvuo, Marja-Liisa Honkasalo, and Kalle Romanov
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Health (social science) ,Psychometrics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Hostility ,Interpersonal communication ,Personal Satisfaction ,Burnout ,Conflict, Psychological ,Interpersonal relationship ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Personality ,Humans ,Interpersonal Relations ,Finland ,media_common ,Middle Aged ,Neuroticism ,Self Concept ,Occupational Diseases ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Psychosocial ,Stress, Psychological ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Associations of psychosocial factors with interpersonal conflicts at work were studied in a sample drawn from the Finnish population using a mailed questionnaire. The sample consisted of 14,578 employees aged 24-64 years. The frequency of interpersonal conflicts at work was equal among both sexes. Our results suggest that occupational factors such as hectically paced work, monotonous work and white collar status are associated with interpersonal conflicts at work; and more conflicts are found in the younger age-groups. In the multivariate analyses, dissatisfaction with life, daily stress, neuroticism and hostility were found to be the significant risk factors for interpersonal conflicts at work for both sexes, whereas a higher educational level was a considerable risk factor only for men, and low self-assurance only for women. Among men the combination of hectically paced and monotonous work was also found to be a significant risk factor. The results indicate complexity of the concept of human relationships at work, and the importance of both occupational factors and psychological characteristics.
- Published
- 1991
18. Genetic and environmental determinants of use and abuse of alcohol: the Finnish Twin Cohort studies
- Author
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Jaakko Kaprio, Rose, R. J., Kalle Romanov, and Markku Koskenvuo
- Subjects
Adult ,Cohort Studies ,Male ,Alcoholism ,Analysis of Variance ,Phenotype ,Sex Factors ,Alcohol Drinking ,Twins ,Humans ,Female ,Longitudinal Studies ,Finland - Published
- 1991
19. Smoking behaviour as a predictor of depression among Finnish men and women: a prospective cohort study of adult twins.
- Author
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TELLERVO KORHONEN, ULLA BROMS, JYRKI VARJONEN, KALLE ROMANOV, MARKKU KOSKENVUO, TARU KINNUNEN, and JAAKKO KAPRIO
- Subjects
MENTAL depression ,SMOKING ,TWINS ,BECK Depression Inventory ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,GENDER differences (Psychology) - Abstract
Background. Depression is associated with smoking, but the causality of the relationship is debated. The authors examine smoking behaviour as a predictor of depression among the Finnish adult twin population.Method. Based on responses to surveys in 1975 and 1981, the authors characterized the subjects as never smokers, persistent former smokers, quitters, recurrent smokers and persistent smokers. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was applied in 1990 to measure depression (BDI score >9). Although the population consisted of twins, the authors first considered the subjects as individuals. Logistic regression models were computed for 4164 men and 4934 women. In order to control for family and genetic background, conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted among twin pairs discordant for depression. Bivariate genetic modelling was used to examine genetic and environmental components of the correlation between smoking and depression.Results. Among the men, persistent smoking (OR 1·42, 95% CI 1·07–1·89) and smoking in 1975 but quitting by 1981 (OR 1·68, 95% CI 1·17–2·42) was associated with a higher risk of depression, while among the women only the quitters had an elevated risk (OR 1·38, 96% CI 1·01–1·87). The gender×smoking interaction showed persistent smoking to be a stronger risk for men. When family and genetic background were controlled, smoking remained a predictor of depression. Genetic modelling among the men suggested a modest correlation (rg=0·25) between genetic components of smoking and depression.Conclusions. Smoking behaviour may be a gender-sensitive predictor of depression, the stronger association in men being partly accounted for by having underlying genes in common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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20. Genetic variation in behavioral risk factors for atherosclerosis: study of smoking and cynical hostility in families with twins
- Author
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R.J. Viken, Kalle Romanov, Kauko Heikkilä, Dorret I. Boomsma, Torsten Winter, Richard J. Rose, Jaakko Kaprio, and Markku Koskenvuo
- Subjects
Behavioral risk ,Genetics ,Variation (linguistics) ,Cynical hostility ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Published
- 1994
21. Self-reported alcohol use: a longitudinal study of 12,994 adults
- Author
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Kalle Romanov, Rj, Rose, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, Langinvainio H, and Sarna S
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Alcohol Drinking ,Humans ,Female ,Longitudinal Studies ,Finland - Abstract
The self-reported alcohol use of 12994 Finnish adults were followed up six years and the changes of alcohol consumption among males and females were analysed.
- Published
- 1987
22. Selection bias in disease-related twin studies. Data on 11,154 adult Finnish twin pairs from a nationwide panel
- Author
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Jaakko Kaprio, Markku Koskenvuo, Seppo Sarna, Kalle Romanov, and Kauko Heikkilä
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Psychosis ,Epidemiologic Factors ,Concordance ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Disease ,Biology ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Bias ,Diseases in Twins ,Twins, Dizygotic ,medicine ,Humans ,Cumulative incidence ,Registries ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Finland ,Genetics (clinical) ,media_common ,Selection bias ,Genetics ,Twins, Monozygotic ,Heritability ,medicine.disease ,Twin study ,Psychotic Disorders ,Hypertension ,Female ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cohort study ,Demography - Abstract
The effect of migration on pairwise concordance for disease was assessed in 11,154 twin pairs of the Finnish Twin Cohort Study by comparing the pairs living in the same province to the pairs which members were living in different provinces of Finland. The cumulative incidence of psychosis and hypertension for the years 1972-1985 were analyzed. The cumulative concordance of psychosis for those MZ twin pairs living in the same province were higher than for those MZ pairs living further apart. Similar findings were found among DZ pairs for psychosis. The cumulative concordance of hypertension was only slightly higher among those MZ and DZ pairs living in the same province compared with pairs living in different provinces. These results indicate an overestimation of concordance of psychosis caused by selective migration. This bias in twin studies is likely to influence heritability estimates in a sample of limited geographical area.
23. Twin studies in metabolic diseases
- Author
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Jaakko Kaprio, Markku Koskenvuo, and Kalle Romanov
- Subjects
Male ,Research areas ,Coronary Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Biology ,Environment ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Metabolic Diseases ,Diseases in Twins ,Twins, Dizygotic ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Gene ,030304 developmental biology ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,Smoking ,Genetic Variation ,General Medicine ,Twins, Monozygotic ,Heritability ,Middle Aged ,Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ,Twin study ,Genetic architecture ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Hypertension ,Trait ,Subarachnoid haemorrhage ,Ischaemic heart disease ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
The traditional role of twin studies has been to assess the relative role of genetic factors as a first step in defining the genetic architecture of complex traits. This has been based on the realization that monozygotic pairs (MZ) share all their genes, while dizygotic pairs (DZ) share 50% of their genes on average. Thus, greater similarity of MZ pairs compared to DZ pairs has been taken as prima facie evidence of the role of genetic factors. This is true provided the environmental similarity of MZ pairs is not greater than for DZ pairs for effects relevant to the trait in question. This first step in genetic studies was carried out long ago in many research areas, but not in others. More detailed knowledge of the genetic architecture of traits is then obtained by other means. In this paper, we give a brief overview of some results for metabolic diseases (ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, subarachnoid haemorrhage, NIDDM and IDDM) using the classical twin approach in a large, unselected population-based twin cohort. We also outline approaches to using twins that we believe will continue to be useful, particularly for the study of environmental effects.
24. Self-rated depression in 12,063 middle-aged adults
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Kauko Heikkilä, Kalle Romanov, Jaakko Kaprio, Markku Koskenvuo, and Jyrki Varjonen
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Sleep disorder ,Epidemiologic study ,Performance impairment ,Beck Depression Inventory ,medicine.disease ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Mental health ,030227 psychiatry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Moderate depression ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mild depression ,medicine ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
A nationwide epidemiologic study among 5512 men and 6551 women aged 33–60 years in Finland included the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Of the men, 13.5% and, of the women, 20.2% had BDI scores of more than 9, indicating at least mild depression. A BDI score of more than 18 was found in 2.6% of the men and 4.0% of the women, indicating at least moderate depression. Mean BDI scores were higher for women than for men and increased significantly with age. In threc-factor analysis, factor 1 (Performance Impairment) scores increased with age. Increased rates of depression in older subjects might be due to increased somatic symptoms mapping on to Factor 1, which included items such as fatigue, work inhibition, and sleep disturbance. Factor 2 (Negative Attitudes Toward Self) scores with items such as self-dislike, sense of failure, and guilt feelings did not increase with age. When assessing depression in older middle-aged adults, their increased tendency to report somatic symptoms should be noted.
25. Genetics of alcoholism: effects of migration on concordance rates among male twins
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Kalle Romanov, Jaakko Kaprio, Rose, R. J., and Markku Koskenvuo
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Adult ,Cohort Studies ,Male ,Alcoholism ,Genetic Linkage ,Diseases in Twins ,Twins, Dizygotic ,Humans ,Twins, Monozygotic ,Environment ,Finland ,Demography - Abstract
We have extended linkage of the population-based Finnish Twin Cohort to alcohol-related hospital discharge data through 1985. The sample included 10,680 individual male twinsor = age 30 at time of linkage; 269 of these twins (2.5%) had received an alcohol-related hospital diagnosis. Twin analyses confirm significant genetic variance in alcohol-related disorders, but suggest that concordance for these disorders is greater for twins living within limited geographic areas, perhaps due to restricted social mobility among those who abuse alcohol.
26. GENETIC INFLUENCES ON USE AND ABUSE OF ALCOHOL - A STUDY OF 5638 ADULT FINNISH TWIN BROTHERS
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Seppo Sarna, Richard J. Rose, H Langinvainio, Kalle Romanov, Jaakko Kaprio, and Markku Koskenvuo
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Adult ,Male ,Social contact ,Alcohol Drinking ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Alcohol ,Toxicology ,Social drinking ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Linear regression ,Genetic variation ,Diseases in Twins ,Twins, Dizygotic ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Finland ,Age Factors ,Twins, Monozygotic ,Heritability ,Middle Aged ,Zygosity ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Alcoholism ,Drinking habits ,chemistry ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Demography - Abstract
To evaluate genetic influences on the use and abuse of alcohol, we compared questionnaire measures of the frequency, quantity, and density of social drinking, and the frequency of alcohol-induced passouts self-reported by 879 monozygotic (MZ) and 1940 dizygotic (DZ) pairs of twin brothers, aged 24–49 yr. The measures of frequency, quantity, and density (heavy drinking once or more a month) significantly intercorrelate, and the self-reported alcohol consumption by this sample is satisfactorily stable and consistent with nationwide sales figures. None of the drinking measures was associated with twin type (zygosity), and only density correlated with age. Similarity of drinking habits among twin brothers was evaluated as a function of their genetic resemblance and age, the frequency of their social contact with one another, and the interactions of these terms. The effects were estimated from hierarchical linear regressions of a double-entry data matrix from which each twin's drinking was predicted from that of his twin brother, and that pair's age, zygosity, cohabitation status, and frequency of social contact. Significant genetic variance was found for each of the drinking measures with heritability estimates ranging from 0.36 to 0.40. Co-twins in more frequent social contact with one another reported greater similarity in their use of alcohol, but heritable variance remained after the effects of age and social contact were removed from both mean levels and co-twin resemblance. Reported frequency of pass-outs yielded significant, but equivalent, correlations in both MZ and DZ twins and no evidence of genetic influence.
27. Genetic factors in epileptic seizures: Evidence from a large twin population
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Jaakko Kaprio, Markku Koskenvuo, Matti Sillanpää, and Kalle Romanov
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Adult ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Dizygotic twin ,Population ,Monozygotic twin ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Epilepsy ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Diseases in Twins ,Twins, Dizygotic ,Humans ,Genetic variability ,education ,Finland ,030304 developmental biology ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,General Medicine ,Twins, Monozygotic ,Heritability ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Zygosity ,Neurology ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The Finnish Twin Cohort study (27,776 individuals; all twins of the same sex born before 1958 and alive in 1967) detected 316 cases of epileptic seizures occurring in 310 twin pairs: 89 monozygotic pairs and 221 dizygotic pairs, including three concordant monozygotic pairs and three concordant dizygotic pairs. The ratio of the observed to expected number of concordant pairs for epileptic seizures was 5.48 (90% CL 1.5-14.2) in monozygotic and 2.12 (90% CL 0.6-5.5) in dizygotic pairs. The results suggest that 8% to 27% of the incidence of epileptic seizures is related to genetic variability. The study of environmental differences in discordant monozygotic pairs should provide insights into the etiology of this group of disorders.
28. [Network-based continuing medical education]
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Kalle Romanov
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Education, Distance ,Internet ,Humans ,Education, Medical, Continuing - Abstract
Network-based training can provide continuing medical education with methods, whose implementation by means of traditional training is difficult or practically impossible. By virtue of its chronological and geographical flexibility, educational application of the network may provide extra advantage for the trainee and the trainer. Implementation of network-based training is, however, demanding and laborious both technically and pedagogically, whereby organizations should strive for collaboration in organizing the training. In addition, the status of network-based continuing education in relation to the physician's working time should be clearly defined.
29. CONSISTENCY AND CHANGE IN PATTERNS OF SOCIAL DRINKING - A 6-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF THE FINNISH TWIN COHORT
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Richard J. Rose, Richard J. Viken, Markku Koskenvuo, Kalle Romanov, and Jaakko Kaprio
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Adult ,Male ,Alcohol Drinking ,Population ,Individuality ,030508 substance abuse ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Social Environment ,Toxicology ,Social drinking ,Developmental psychology ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Age groups ,Risk Factors ,Consistency (statistics) ,Diseases in Twins ,Twins, Dizygotic ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Baseline (configuration management) ,Finland ,education.field_of_study ,Models, Genetic ,Follow up studies ,Twins, Monozygotic ,Alcoholism ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Phenotype ,Cohort ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Follow-Up Studies ,Demography - Abstract
In 1975 and again in 1981, all adult twins in the population-based Finnish Twin Cohort were administered postal questionnaires yielding data on self-reported frequency and quantity of alcohol use. The longitudinal results provide information on the age-to-age stability of social drinking patterns among 13,404 (twin) individuals aged 18 to 43 at baseline; model-fitting the cross-temporal consistency of the twins' reported alcohol use yields unique estimates of the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to their individual age-to-age stabilities. Mean consumption levels did not change between 1975 and 1981. Patterns of social drinking were more stable in older (aged 24-43 at baseline) than younger (aged 18-23 at baseline) adult twins, and were more stable among men than women. Heritabilities were significant at both baseline and follow-up for all three alcohol measures in both genders and both age groups, with a median magnitude of 0.48. Both longitudinal genetic and environmental covariances were significant, and both were generally higher among older pairs. Genetic covariances (median magnitude = 0.68) were significantly higher than environmental covariances (median = 0.36). Analyses of absolute changes in alcohol use revealed heritable influences on the disposition to change. We conclude that genes contribute to both consistency and change in patterns of alcohol use from early to midadulthood.
30. Selection bias in disease-related twin studies, data on 11154 adult Finnish twin pairs from nationwide panel
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Kalle Romanov, Markku Koskenvuo, Jaakko Kaprio, Seppo Juhani Sarna, and Kauko Heikkilä
31. Life events and depressiveness - the effect of adjustment for psychosocial factors, somatic health and genetic liability
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Kalle Romanov, Varjonen, J., Jaakko Kaprio, and Markku Koskenvuo
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Adult ,Male ,Psychological Tests ,Depression ,Twins ,Social Support ,Severity of Illness Index ,Life Change Events ,Population Surveillance ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Adaptation, Psychological ,Humans ,Psychology ,Female ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Somatoform Disorders ,Finland - Abstract
To study the nature of the relationship of life events with depressiveness.In 1990, 9947 Finnish adult twins aged 33-60 years participated in a questionnaire study, with no missing data on the analysed variables. The relationship between stressful life-events and depressiveness, based on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) classified as normal, mild or moderate, was analysed using multinomial regression for all subjects with adjustment for the effect of age, sex, health status, social support, marital status, social class, and personality variables. These same factors were analyzed among 643 twin pairs discordant for depressiveness.High BDI score categories were strongly associated with stressful life events in all individuals and equally strongly within discordant twin pairs, both monozygotic and dizygotic. Poor somatic health and lack of social support also increased depressiveness.The effect of life events predicting depressiveness was independent of social support, somatic disease, sex and genetic liability.
32. GENETIC VARIATION IN BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTORS FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS - TWIN-FAMILY STUDY OF SMOKING AND CYNICAL HOSTILITY
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Jaakko Kaprio, Boomsma, D. I., Kauko Heikkilä, Koskenvuo, M., Kalle Romanov, Rose, R. J., Viken, R. J., and Winter, T.
33. Verenpaine ja melu
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Vuorinen, Heikki S., Jaakko Kaprio, Markku Koskenvuo, Markku Mikael Partinen, Kalle Romanov, and Kauko Heikkilä
34. CONCORDANCE FOR TYPE-1 (INSULIN-DEPENDENT) AND TYPE-2 (NON-INSULIN-DEPENDENT) DIABETES-MELLITUS IN A POPULATION-BASED COHORT OF TWINS IN FINLAND
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Jaakko Kaprio, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Markku Koskenvuo, Kalle Romanov, Reunanen, A., Johan Gunnar Eriksson, Stengard, J., and Kesaniemi, Y. A.
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