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The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of playing soccer for a long time in for professional soccer players regarding sole pressure. Despite the increasing prevalence of new methods developed in the footpad pressure measurement in recent years, our knowledge about pressure distribution of the footplate is still insufficient, especially for sportsmen (Ford et al., 2006). Plantar pressure analysis system (EMED-SF) was used in the study. Statistically significant differences between the study groups were examined using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. According to the results of the research, there was no statistical difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of physical characteristics. However, significant results were found at (0.01-0.05) level in the beginning and grand total of heel medial, heel lateral, 1,2,3,4,5 metatars in the maximal force comparisons applied to the right and left foot contact area and the floor.

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Purpose: The purpose of this research is to research the effect of football on sole comparing the peak pressure, average maximal pressure and pressure–time integral pedobarographic parameters of 11 contact areas of soles of professional female football players and healthy individuals. Working Plan: 22 female football players (18,80 ± 2,2 age) and 28 female volunteers (27,5 ±6,6 age) (as the control group) having no foot complaints were included in the study. In the research EMED-SF (Novel GmbH, Munich, Germany) plantar pressure analysis system was used. It was examined whether there was any statistically significant difference between the experiment and control group means using non-parametric Mann Whitney U test, the size of the linear relation between physical structure and variables of sole was examined by calculating Pearson’s (r) coefficient. In the measurements 95% reliability range and P < 0.01 – 0.05 were accepted as meaningfulness level. Findings: At the end of the measurements, it was found that there were meaningful differences between the female football players and control group in right foot 2 left feet 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsal heads sole 11 contact areas peak pressure and in the 3rd, 4th and 5th toes, at average maximal pressure in right and left foot in 2nd metatarsal heads and time pressure integral in right foot 2nd and 3rd metatarsal heads and left foot heel medial, heel lateral, 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsal heads. Arguments: In our findings, it was found that the pressure in football players’ sole front interior regions was higher than both the control group and the other regions in their own feet. It was determined that the particularly the crampons used by the football players were insufficient to protect the sole and failed to prevent permanent sole pressure parameters. As a result, Football players’ excessive pressing against their soles in forcing movements in long term exercises and matches are indicated to cause change in the sportsmen’s sole pressure regions and values.

The use of pain coping questionnaires is advantageous when selecting cognitive and behavioral targets for chronic pain management. The objective of this study was to investigate adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) in Turkish population with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The Turkish version of the questionnaire (CSQ-T) was checked in terms of reliability and validity with a convenience sample of 123 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Reliability (test-retest) analyses were conducted by means of a retest 48 hours later with a sub-group of 40 patients. Construct validity of the CSQ was checked through convergent validity with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) health survey. Cronbach's alpha of the subscales ranged from 0.814 to 0.934 and the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.800 to 0.944. Neither floor nor ceiling effects (15%) were found in the subscales (13.8%) and the total score (4.1%) of the CSQ-T. Factor analysis indicated that the scale had two factors. The total CSQ-T score was correlated with both the HADS (r: −0.636/-0.549) and the SF-36 (r: 0.701/0.768). The CSQ-T is a reliable and valid measure for assessing patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]