Search

Objective: To analyze and compare the early and late post-operative results of glass ionomer bone cement (GIBC) used in ossiculoplasty. Methods: The pre-operative, early post-operative (3 months) and late post-operative (> 2 years) audiometric findings, namely the pure-tone average (PTA), bone conduction threshold (BCT) and air–bone gap (ABG) of 40 patients who underwent GIBC ossiculoplasty for different etiologies were analyzed. Early and late results were compared. Also, the patients were grouped in terms of prognostic factors and applied ossiculoplasty techniques, and the results were compared between the groups. Results: There were statistically significant improvements in the pure-tone average and air–bone gap of the patients in the early post-operative period (PTA from 59.60 ± 15.95 to 40.37 ± 17.83 and ABG from 37.12 ± 11.18 to 19.78 ± 10.41, p < 0.001 for both). There were no statistically significant changes in any of the audiometric parameters in the late post-operative period (PTA from 40.37 ± 17.83 to 39.79 ± 17.91, ABG from 19.78 ± 10.41 to 19.32 ± 9.60, BCT from 17.99 ± 12.71 to 18.31 ± 13.99, p > 0.05 for all). Presence of tympanosclerosis was found to be the only prognostic factor to affect the outcome. Conclusion: GIBC is a safe and reliable material for ossiculoplasty, which maintains its ability to conduct sound in the long-term follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) has helped to obtain accurate, fast, robust results without any human errors. Hence, it has been used in various applications in our daily lives. The Turing test has been a fundamental problem that AI systems aim to overcome. Recently developed various natural language processing (NLP) models have shown significant performances. AI language models, used in translation, digital assistant, and sentiment analysis, have improved the quality of our lives. It can perform scans on thousands of documents in seconds and report them by establishing appropriate sentence structures. Generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) is a popular model developed recently has been used for many applications. Users of this model have obtained surprising results on various applications and shared them on various social media platforms. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the GPT-3 model in writing an academic article. Hence, we chose the subject of the article as tools based on artificial intelligence in academic article writing. The organized queries on ChatGPT created the flow of this article. In this article, we have made an effort to highlight the advantages and limitations of using ChatGPT-3 for academic research paper writing. As a result of the findings, it has been observed that ChatGPT can be used as an auxiliary tool while writing academic research articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The brain, which consists of nerve cells called neurons, is the center of the nervous system. The rapid and abnormal growth of nerve cells by interacting with each other is called a brain tumor. Undiagnosed or delayed diagnosis of brain tumors lead to death. Although it depends on experience, manually diagnosing and classifying brain tumors is challenging for physicians. Artificial intelligence-based computer systems can help doctors detect brain tumors using the developments in hardware technology and the amount of data increasing daily. This study proposes a deep learning-based system to classify brain MRI images as tumorous or normal using the pre-trained EfficientNet-B0 model. Our radiologist validated a public dataset containing 3000 brain MRI images. The dataset is divided into 70% train, 20% validation, and 10% test. In the test phase after the training, the pre-trained EfficientNet-B0 model achieved high performance with 99.33% accuracy, 99.33% sensitivity, and 99.33% F1 score. In addition, in the evaluation of the test images, the heat maps obtained by the Grad-CAM method were examined by our radiology specialist. The result of evaluations shows that the pre-trained EfficientNet-B0 deep model chooses the right focus areas in its predictions and can be used for clinical tumor detection due to its explainable structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty is a well-known palatal correction surgery applied for obstructive sleep apnea patients. Even though high success rates are reported, in some patients, the desired outcome cannot be achieved. Therefore, patient selection is crucial to avoid undesirable outcomes. In this study we present our results with expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty, and we aim to show the difference between supine and non-supine apnea in terms of their response to the surgery, in order to utilize position dependency for selection of surgical candidates.Methods: Pre- and post-operative polysomnography results of patients who underwent expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty were analyzed retrospectively. Total AHI, supine AHI, non-supine AHI, supine/non-supine AHI ratio and surgical success values are compared.Results: 85 patients were included to the study. Mean AHI significantly decreased from 48.7 ± 27.99 to 26.37 ± 21.16 with the surgery. Surgical success rate was found to be 51.8%. Both supine and non-supine apnea decreased significantly with the surgery, but the decrease was significantly higher in non-supine apnea (20.6% to 39.1% respectively, p = 0.016). There was significant negative correlation between pre-operative supine to non-supine AHI ratio and the change in AHI, showing that supine dominant patients had less improvement with the surgery (r = 0.274, p = 0.01).Conclusion: Expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty is an effective surgery which achieves significant improvement in AHI. Non-supine respiratory events respond better to the surgery than supine events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Neck dissection (ND), whether therapeutic or elective, is an essential component of the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Due to altered anatomy and fibrosis caused by initial treatments, surgeons face challenges during salvage ND. A combination of Technetium-99 m and indocyanine green (ICG) previously used in the sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for oral cavity cancers, may be useful in different types of neck surgeries. We aimed to show the additional advantage of this combination in detecting HNSCC and thyroid cancer recurrences, as well as individual lymphatic drainage in elective ND. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients, underwent neck surgery guided with ICG and Tc-99 m, in Hacettepe University Hospital between June 2018 and December 2020. In a total of 28 patients, intraoperative gamma probes were paired with near infrared (NIR) cameras. Patients are divided into two groups: neck surgery with recurrent occult lesion localization (NS- ROLL) (n: 14) and ND with SLN screening (ND-SLNS) (n: 14). Results: Among all 14 patients in NS-ROLL group, recurrent diseases, hidden behind tissues were 100% successfully localized. In ND-SLNS group, 238 lymph nodes were harvested, metastasis rate was 31.3% (10/32) in sentinel nodes. SLNS revealed 100% accuracy in detecting metastasis in clinically N0 neck (10/238). Contralateral lymphatic drainage was observed in three patients (lateral-sided oral cavity SCC). In two patients (floor of mouth), three sentinel nodes were detected by NIR only. Conclusion: The use of ICG-radiotracer provides additional value in disease removal for both primary and recurrent tumors of the head and neck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of coblation midline glossectomy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) when used as an isolated procedure. We also aim to compare the effect of this surgical procedure on supine and non-supine apnea.Materials and Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent isolated tongue base surgery as a part of step-wise surgeries between January 2014 and February 2019 are retrospectively reviewed. Pre-operative and post-operative Epworth sleepiness score (ESS), body mass index (BMI), and polysomnographic data, including the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), supine AHI, and non-supine AHI of the patients were compared.Results: The study included 29 patients (26 male and 3 female). AHI improved significantly, decreasing from 34.9 ± 20.9 to 25.8 ± 17.6. Supine AHI decreased from 62.55 ± 28.23 to 55.18 ± 31.67 post-operatively, but this decrease was not significant. Non-supine AHI decreased significantly from 22.49 ± 24.02 to 14.08 ± 17.46. ESS and ODI also improved significantly.Conclusion: Coblation midline glossectomy is an effective surgical procedure when applied solely, with a success rate of 52%. Non-supine apnea benefits to a greater degree than supine apnea from this surgical procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss a case of lower lip carcinoma which presented with atypical symptoms; facial paralysis, conductive type hearing loss, and ophthalmoplegia. Due to an earlier resection, no mass was evident on the primary examination. Diagnostic imaging revealed a mass originating from the lower lip, the perineural spread of the tumor along the left inferior alveolar nerve to the left infratemporal fossa and the left foramen ovale. Through a retrograde course from the foramen ovale, the tumor extended the ipsilateral cavernous sinus, Meckel's cave, and cisternal portion of the CN V. This atypical spread pattern of the tumor caused symptoms that may be attributed to a diagnosis related to the ear. The biopsy confirmed squamous cell carcinoma, and the patient was referred for chemotherapy and radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]