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Because osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) on chest radiographs is commonly missed in radiological reports, we aimed to develop a software program which offers automated detection of compressive vertebral fracture (CVF) on lateral chest radiographs, and which emphasizes CVF detection specificity with a low false positivity rate.For model training, we retrieved 3,991 spine radiograph cases and 1,979 chest radiograph cases from 16 sources, with among them in total 1,404 cases had OVF. For model testing, we retrieved 542 chest radiograph cases and 162 spine radiograph cases from four independent clinics, with among them 215 cases had OVF. All cases were female subjects, and except for 31 training data cases which were spine trauma cases, all the remaining cases were post-menopausal women. Image data included DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) format, hard film scanned PNG (Portable Network Graphics) format, DICOM exported PNG format, and PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) downloaded resolution reduced DICOM format. OVF classification included: minimal and mild grades with20% or ≥20-25% vertebral height loss respectively, moderate grade with ≥25-40% vertebral height loss, severe grade with ≥40%-2/3 vertebral height loss, and collapsed grade with ≥2/3 vertebral height loss. The CVF detection base model was mainly composed of convolution layers that include convolution kernels of different sizes, pooling layers, up-sampling layers, feature merging layers, and residual modules. When the model loss function could not be further decreased with additional training, the model was considered to be optimal and termed 'base-model 1.0'. A user-friendly interface was also developed, with the synthesized software termed 'Ofeye 1.0'.Counting cases and with minimal and mild OVFs included, base-model 1.0 demonstrated a specificity of 97.1%, a sensitivity of 86%, and an accuracy of 93.9% for the 704 testing cases. In total, 33 OVFs in 30 cases had a false negative reading, which constituted a false negative rate of 14.0% (30/215) by counting all OVF cases. Eighteen OVFs in 15 cases had OVFs of ≥ moderate grades missed, which constituted a false negative rate of 7.0% (15/215, i.e., sensitivity 93%) if only counting cases with ≥ moderate grade OVFs missed. False positive reading was recorded in 13 vertebrae in 13 cases (one vertebra in each case), which constituted a false positivity rate of 2.7% (13/489). These vertebrae with false positivity labeling could be readily differentiated from a true OVF by a human reader. The software Ofeye 1.0 allows 'batch processing', for example, 100 radiographs can be processed in a single operation. This software can be integrated into hospital PACS, or installed in a standalone personal computer.A user-friendly software program was developed for CVF detection on elderly women's lateral chest radiographs. It has an overall low false positivity rate, and for moderate and severe CVFs an acceptably low false negativity rate. The integration of this software into radiological practice is expected to improve osteoporosis management for elderly women.

In this work, an exploratory study was conducted to examine Gram staining based on the capillary tube. Each Gram staining step for all bacterial strains tested was completed in capillary tubes. The results showed that different Gram staining morphologies were clearly visible in the capillary tubes. The results presented here demonstrated that the improved method could effectively distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and only small volumes of reagents were required in this method. Collectively, this efficient method could rapidly and accurately identify the types of bacteria. Therefore, our findings could be used as a useful reference study for other staining methods.

A new heterometallic complex containing bis-Schiff base, namely, [(Salbn)NiNa(DMF)(H2O)]·N(CN)2 (1) (Salbn = bis(3-methoxysalicylidene) benzene-1, 2-diamine, DMF = N, N-dimethyl formamide) has been prepared through one-pot refluxing and condensation approach. Complex 1 was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, X-ray single-crystal diffraction, and powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction connects the Schiff base complex units through the [N(CN)2]− anion into dimer aggregate. These aggregates are further linked by weak hydrogen bondings and strong π–π interactions to give rise to one-dimensional chelating double-chain supramolecular polymer. Cyclic voltammetry measurement reveals the oxidation and reduction process of the compound is irreversible in nature. Polymer 1 exhibits emission spectrum maximum at 548 nm under ultraviolet excitation. Antibacterial property measurement indicates that 1 has strong inhibition toward Staphylococcus aureus.

The biotransformation of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid by Colletotrichum lini AS3.4486 was investigated. The conversion reaction was carried out for 72h, and the sole product was isolated by column chromatography and elucidated as 7β,15α-dihydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid by HR-ESI-MS, 1H-NMR , 13C-NMR and single–crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of the conversion product belongs to orthorhombic, space group P212121 with 11.828(1), 13.213(2), 19.606(2) Å , V = 3064.0 Å3, Z = 4. This study povides a new method for the synthesis of 7β,15α-dihydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid.