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Tuff has been used as a natural building stone in the construction industry since the earliest times. Tuff is slight, simple to manufacture, and has good isolation qualities, which is why it is used so frequently despite its low strength characteristics and high porosity. In this study, samples of white and pink tuff from the regions of Derbent and Gümele districts of Eskisehir province were treated with a water-based (water-soluble) copolymer bath to evaluate their endurance to atmospheric conditions. Spherical samples were subjected to 30-minute slake durability index testing in a water-based copolymer bath. The index values of the initial spherical samples were contrasted with the index values from the fourth cycle of the spherical samples that had received the copolymer bath treatment. Although the index values of the original spherical samples were determined to be 92.22% and 95.32%, respectively, the index values of the spherical sample sets treated with a water-based copolymer bath were determined to be 98.29% and 98.83%, respectively. The study results indicate that spherical samples with a water-based copolymer bath treatment had a greater impact on improving the slake durability index values compared to spherical samples without treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining has historically been known as a high-risk industry. Coal and gas outbursts are one of the most significant accidents that occur in underground coal mines. Despite many years of research, the resources and mechanisms of this phenomenon are not well understood. Thus, it is difficult to forecast and control these events. As the mining depth and density increase, initial gas pressure and gas content of coal seams continue to increase, and the risk of explosion increases. Hence, explosion-prone areas expand gradually. As a result, a dynamic phenomenon has emerged in areas where there is no danger of outbursts. The risk of outbursts becomes more and more serious in coal mines. A coal outburst risk assessment includes evaluating the risk factors to what degree are present and then determining the risk areas of the mine. In this study, the Cluster Analysis method was implemented to identify the risk level of coal seams based on the evaluation of the outburst risk factors for an underground coal mine. Coal and gas outbursts occurring in Zonguldak hard coal basin were divided into two clusters, Cluster A and Cluster B. Coal seams in Cluster A were determined riskier than Cluster B coal seams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Coal mines have sudden, usually unexpected expulsions of gas in conjunction with coal into the mine workings. The gas is mainly consisted of methane making this so-called coal and gas outburst a major hazard affecting the safety and productivity of an underground coal mine. Several parameters affect this outburst hazard. In this study, a statistical method namely structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to identify the relationships between the parameters affecting the coal and gas outbursts for an underground coal mine in Turkey and to analyze multiple interactions between them. The model includes main factors (mining depth , coal seam gas content and moisture content) and contributor factors (seam thickness , seam inclination and distance from fault). The results indicate that mining depth is the most efficient factor in main factors and distance from fault is the most significant contributor to outburst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ventilation is a vital process in underground mining operations. Fans are typically used in these ventilation systems to supply airflow to mines. Sufficient ventilation systems provide adequate fresh air to underground mines to ensure a safe working environment. Thus, the selection of an appropriate fan is an important part of mine ventilation. Several parameters affect fan selection, so the fan selection process is complex and must be compliant with a set of options and criteria. In this study, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used for this task, along with the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method, to select a main fan for an underground coal mine in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of acid type for metal dissolution from minerals is an important issue in leaching operations. Acids are used to recover valuable elements from the minerals by dissolving them in a solution. The acid must offer a high recovery at marginal cost and a low environmental effect. Many parameters can affect the acid type selection for high leaching recovery and low environmental effect and thus, the selection of an acid type is complex. In this study, based on the experimental results obtained from the bench-scale laboratory studies, the selection of acid type for the recovery of zinc from a flotation tailing was investigated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The utilization of AHP was supported by the use of ExpertChoice® 2000 software. The outcomes demonstrated that sulfuric acid is the most desirable acid type with a ranking of 0.541, tracked by citric acid, and oxalic acid with scoring of 0.282 and 0.177, respectively. Furthermore, analyses of sensitivity were performed to examine the influence of the main criteria on the different acid type. It emerged that citric acid can be used when the environmental main criterion ascended from 7.8% to 75.3%. Image 1 • Zinc was recovered from a flotation tailing by inorganic and organic acids. • The selection of acid type by using the AHP was performed. • Sulfuric acid is determined as the most attractive acid type with a ranking of 0.541. • Citric acid can be chosen if the environmental criterion raised from 7.8% to 75.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In solvent extraction studies, various extractants, including TOPO, Alamine 308, TBP, TOA, LIX 84I, LIX 63, and Aliquat 336, were employed for the extraction and separation of vanadium, molybdenum, and cobalt from aqueous solutions of spent petroleum catalysts. Results indicated efficient metal recovery using these extractants. Furthermore, a combination of techniques, such as roasting, chemical or bioleaching, solvent extraction (SX), and precipitation, exhibited promising results in achieving comprehensive metal extraction and separation. Important discoveries have been made in the study of recovering important metals from wasted petroleum catalysts, especially with regard to attaining high metal recovery efficiencies. It is found that the recovery efficiency for manganese is 85%, cobalt is 87%, and nickel is 93%. Furthermore, it shows that this procedure may be carried out with high efficiency, with vanadium recovery surpassing 90% and molybdenum recovery efficiency above 95%. These outcomes signify a significant advancement in the field of metal extraction and separation, aligning with the principles of Industry 5.0 while emphasizing sustainability and efficiency in the production of high-tech materials for the modern era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]