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Objective: Microbial infection plays an important role in exacerbation of chronic otitis media. The aim of this study was to analyse the microbiota in chronic otitis media in the context of local treatment. Method: In this prospective study, samples for microbiological examination were taken from 119 patients who underwent operation because of chronic otitis media. Results: The results were compared between groups depending on the type of operation (none, tympanoplasty or radical), the presence of cholesteatoma or granulomatous tissue or discharge from the ear as a symptom of exacerbation. Antibiotic susceptibility of germs was analysed to define the strategy of treatment. A total of 209 samples were collected from 119 patients with chronic otitis media. Conclusion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were pathogens most frequently identified from the ear in the course of chronic otitis media. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was concerned with major pathology of the middle ear (radical surgery, cholesteatoma or granulomatous tissue, persisting discharge after treatment), whereas Staphylococcus aureus was obtained in dry perforations without other pathology in the middle-ear cavity. Ciprofloxacin was effective against Staphylococcus aureus, but Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were ciprofloxacin resistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to describe the usefulness of the caloric directional preponderance in diagnosis of the peripheral and central vestibular disturbances. The examination was performed in 150 cases of the peripheral dysfunctions (labyrinth lesions in chronic otitis media, vestibular neuritis, Meniere's disease, temporal bone fracture) and the group of central vestibular disturbances (central nervous system tumors, multiple sclerosis, vestibular brainsteam insufficiency, epilepsy, arteriosclerosis). Vestistibular -- oculomotor reflexes were registered in electronytagmography and videonystagmography. Directional preponderance was done using Jongkees proposals. Directional preponderance was observed in 45.9 patients with peripheral lesions and in 51.5% of 'central cases'. Directional preponderance alone was present in 29.1% in peripheral and 43.2% in the central dysfunctions. The coexistence of directional preponderance and spontaneous or/and positional nystagmus was observed in 29.1% of peripheral cases and in 20.3% with central lesions. In the majority of cases directional preponderance, spontaneous and positional nystagmus directions were the same. The results of the study suggest the usefulness of directional preponderance in the evaluation of vestibular compensation, the directional preponderance is in accord with the direction of spontaneous and positional nystagmus in the peripheral lesions in the most cases, but opposite in central dysfunctions. But one must take into consideration that directional preponderance is present in peripheral and central vestibular disturbances -- it is the essential limitation of this phenomenon for determination of the vestibular dysfunction level. The directional preponderance mechanism is still unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]